The concept of facade is familiar to everyone - it is outer part buildings, ennobled with certain materials. At the same time, the choice of materials for decoration on the modern market is quite wide and they all have their drawbacks and strengths. Let's consider possible finishing options.
In our time of developed construction, everyone knows what a façade is. Decorating the exterior of a home is business card owners of the building.
Finishing performs a decorative function and affects performance characteristics. Accordingly, all the nuances have to be thought through at the design stage. Another condition that must be fulfilled is harmonious combination facades of buildings with the external environment.
Types and descriptions of facades
Let's consider the description of facades of different types, made of various materials and with the use different technologies.IN modern world There are several types of finishes that are most popular:
- façade cassettes;
- decorative;
- porcelain stoneware, clinker tiles;
- siding;
- sandwich panels;
- stone.
Finishing with facade cassettes
The main facades can be decorated with special cassettes. The result is durable and practical, ennobled with galvanized steel with polymer coating. The color range of cassettes can be different, installation is simple.
Plaster finishing
The meaning of the word facade with plaster is clear to everyone. The presented decoration decorates and insulates the building, making it possible to create textured surfaces. The main function of plaster is to level the surfaces of walls. To accomplish this task, different building mixtures: lime mortar, cement-sand composition, gypsum. To obtain an effective coating, you will have to use solutions of good quality and certain characteristics.
Application of siding
The main facades are often finished with siding, which is varied color range and textures. The material makes it possible to perform any design ideas and reliably protects the house from bad weather conditions.
Most often from various types Vinyl siding is used, similar in appearance to facade cladding, but significantly superior in quality. Dirt does not stick to this type of product, and it does not rot or rust.
Application of stone
Stone, which is considered one of the most durable and aesthetically beautiful materials, is often chosen to decorate a house. The cladding is complete or selective; the process is labor-intensive and costly, but the result is worth it. It is important to approach the process of stone finishing seriously, otherwise a low-quality finish will quickly collapse and may begin to rot.
Application of porcelain stoneware
Home improvement can be carried out using such facing material as porcelain stoneware. The appearance of the building after finishing becomes stylish and noble. The presence of the lathing ensures that the material copes well with the shrinkage of the house; the porcelain stoneware will simply shift a little, but nothing more.
Sandwich panels for finishing
Finishing a house with sandwich panels gives an attractive appearance and provides the building with good thermal insulation. The material consists of 2 sheets of hard metal, combined with a layer of insulation. The strength of the product is achieved by pressing. Decorative surface panels can be profiled, decorated, smooth.
Application of facing bricks
Facing brick in some of its parameters it differs from standard construction. The material is produced under pressure, breathes, is not afraid of fire and retains heat well.
Cladding the facade of a house follows certain rules. The laying is carried out above 70 centimeters from the ground and always after waterproofing. Finishing the material yourself can be quite difficult.
Finishing the facade of a house with siding (video)
Advantages and disadvantages of finishing types
Each home decoration has its own advantages and disadvantages. Before choosing one option or another, you should understand whether the technical characteristics of the product are suitable for your façade and climatic conditions.
Characteristics of plaster
The material for cladding a house is made from water, sand, and cement. The advantages stand out:
- resistance to moisture penetration;
- low cost;
- high heat and soundproofing properties.
Minus– the material is susceptible to cracking at high temperatures.
Stone finishing
The following features stand out from the advantages:
- long service life;
- good thermal protection of the building;
- ensuring walls are protected from influence environment;
- attractive appearance.
Minus only one - the high cost of the product.
Application of siding
The definition of “siding” is familiar to many in the modern world. At the moment, it is advisable to use PVC products, which have a lower price compared to aluminum. The advantages of both options are as follows:
- resistance to environmental influences;
- low cost;
- big choice colors;
- ease of operation.
Among the disadvantages, it is worth highlighting the complexity of installation; there must be sufficiently wide gaps between the structural elements, which facilitates the penetration of insects into them. The siding itself cannot be called durable; it is quite fragile.
Brick finishing
Buildings are finished with brick using a material with a smooth surface. It has a number of advantages:
- a house lined with brick does not require additional maintenance;
- the appearance of the facade is aesthetic;
- the building receives additional thermal insulation.
Minus only one - price.
Experts' opinion
Regardless of the choice of finish, the surface of the walls should be prepared before starting work. The façade is cleaned using special cleaning agents. Acidic substances help remove traces of salts and paint, alkaline substances will get rid of biological dirt.
Choice finishing material must go according to one's own preferences. Experts note that creating an aristocratic and noble appearance of a building is possible with. A more budget-friendly, but no less attractive option would be artificial stone. Traditional finishing options are clinker and brick. The most popular type is sandwich panel finishing.
The facade of a building can be made of various materials that have certain characteristics. The choice of one or another option depends on personal capabilities and preferences, but it is worth calculating the finishing costs in advance and understanding whether the cladding is suitable for your home. If the application technology is followed, the finish, and therefore the facade, will delight you for a long time with an attractive appearance and good technical characteristics.
Do-it-yourself façade finishing (video)
The appearance of a home is as important as its appearance. interior decoration. The façade is used to evaluate both a person’s status and his taste.
Because the construction market offers a large number of materials for finishing the facade, there are also many types of facades. The main thing is to decide how the owner wants to see the house every day.
To make the building attractive and unique, but at the same time protected from negative influences, the finishing material is chosen as follows:
- Resistant to temperature changes.
- Heat and sound insulation properties. If there are none, then you will have to use insulation.
- Mechanical strength.
- Duration of operation.
- Installation and maintenance conditions.
- Ability to resist mold and mildew.
- Price.
- Aesthetic appearance.
Some people wonder why external characteristics remain last on the list of requirements. Everything is quite simple. The external cladding should first of all preserve warmth and comfort in the interior, then protect the main structure from negative influences.
And of course, it would be very good if the finish lasts for many years without changing its appearance. And beauty is a relative concept and depends solely on the taste preferences of the owner of the house. That’s why this characteristic is left at the end of the list.
What are the types of facades of buildings and houses?
Manufacturers of facing products offer a wide selection to the attention of buyers. Depending on how the external walls are finished, the types of building facades are distinguished.
Each of them has a number of specific characteristics that constitute positive and negative aspects during operation. Let's consider each option.
Facing brick
Brick is used not only to construct an entire structure, but also as a facing material. They differ slightly in their characteristics. The facing brick may have different texture, color and even glossy or matte surface.
The building material is simpler, but this also has its own attractiveness. Brick has been used for construction and decoration for more than two centuries. During this time, both the compositions and production conditions changed, so several varieties of this material are now known.
Clinker
The material is created from clay and other natural ingredients. The mixture is fired until a homogeneous mass is obtained, because clinker brick as durable as a natural stone. The main advantages of clinker are:
- strength;
- durability;
- repels moisture;
- allows steam to pass through from external rooms;
- color does not change over time;
- heat and sound insulation;
- frost resistance.
The palette in which clinker is produced ranges from red-orange to dark brown, almost black.
The only drawback is the price and complexity of laying this material. In order to receive high-quality finishing you need to hire a professional mason.
Ceramic
This version of brick is also made from clay, but only certain types are used. One of the stages in creating the material is firing, as in clinker bricks. But ceramic is slightly lower in strength, which makes the price a little lower.
Otherwise it is just as good as the previous version. A little fewer options according to color schemes, but everyone can choose the right one.
Hyper-pressed
There is no firing stage in the production of this material, but this does not mean at all that this brick has poor technical characteristics. In addition, the composition does not contain clay or sand. What makes a brick exceptional?
Hyper-pressed material is created as follows:
- Limestone, cement and dye are thoroughly mixed.
- The mixture is distributed into molds.
- They are exposed to high pressure values.
The result is elements of interesting shapes and colors. The material is durable and impact resistant negative temperatures and moisture. But it cannot retain heat, so an additional insulating layer should be used.
Silicate
IN Lately Less and less attention is being paid to sand-lime brick as a finishing material. It costs significantly less, but at the same time it looks worse. And modern consumers place high demands on the aesthetic appearance of facing materials.
TO technical specifications sand-lime brick no complaints. It is also durable, resistant to negative impacts in the form of frost, high humidity and mechanical damage. Protects home residents from heat loss and noise penetration.
Natural and artificial stone for wall decoration
Natural stone is an expensive finish, so not everyone can afford to completely cover their walls with such material. A house in this style is completely reminiscent of an impregnable medieval castle. Accordingly, the area around the building is arranged in the same style.
This material:
- lasting;
- wear-resistant;
- attractive;
- soundproofing;
- prevents the development of harmful microorganisms and insects.
But the high cost puts off most buyers. And some use natural stone to finish the basement and corner parts of the house. It’s also difficult to install such finishing, so you can’t do it without professionals.
As a replacement natural material, manufacturers of building materials have made artificial stone, which is not much different from natural stone. The synthetically created material is durable, reliable, and lasts a long time.
It is characterized by low cost and ease of installation. Artificial stone looks like ordinary tiles, which are easy to glue or fix with mechanical fasteners.
Plaster for finishing external walls
Another long-known method of finishing a facade. As long as technology has existed, it has changed and improved. That’s why the market now offers ready-made mixtures of different compositions. They are selected for different reasons.
Mineral
This is the cheapest option for plastering a private house. There are also ready-made mixtures on sale that need to be diluted with water in a certain ratio. But you can make the composition yourself, having the necessary components on hand. All elements of the mixture are also added in a certain ratio.
Mineral plaster is easy to apply, but hardens quickly, so you should not prepare the solution with a reserve. It protects the facade well from negative influences, does not burn and does not emit caustic substances. But it is not strong enough.
Acrylic
More modern and elastic composition. Works well on any surface. Sold in finished form. After opening the container, the solution is thoroughly mixed and you can work immediately. There are pigmented options or white ones, which are painted after drying. The facade covered with this composition will last up to 25 years.
The disadvantage of acrylic plaster is its low vapor permeability. As well as flammability and static attraction of dust. Moreover, it is difficult to wash off dirt from such a surface.
Silicate
Another modern version facade plaster - composition based on silicates or liquid glass. This option allows steam to pass through perfectly and fits well on difficult surfaces. Durable and lasts up to 30 years. In addition, it has antistatic properties, which means that dust is easily washed off even with water in the form of precipitation.
A person who has not previously worked with silicate solutions should not start processing large surfaces. The composition requires confident and clear movements, and the solution hardens quickly. The cost may surprise you.
Silicone
The most expensive option of all known plasters. Everything is connected with excellent characteristics:
- Elasticity - cracks form extremely rarely.
- Moisture-repellent properties.
- Vapor permeability.
- Long service life.
- Strength.
The treated surface can be painted with any facade paint. In this case, the layer will look attractive, since the dust is easily washed off with running water.
Porcelain stoneware slabs
This finish is created from clay with the addition of components that give hardness and strength to the material. That’s why it’s called porcelain stoneware. Has the following properties:
- hardness;
- cleanliness (ecological);
- Fire safety;
- moisture repellence;
- frost resistance;
- long service life.
Available in the form of tiles of different sizes. The disadvantage of such cladding is the high cost and heavy weight designs. Therefore, carefully evaluate the strength of the structure when choosing such cladding.
Concrete tiles for outdoor use
A more affordable option for facade cladding, but at the same time it looks quite nice and has positive characteristics:
- Strength.
- Less weight than porcelain stoneware.
- There are options that imitate natural stone.
- Repels moisture if the surface is treated with a hydrophobic compound.
- Long service life if installed correctly.
Concrete tiles also have disadvantages. For example, there is a high probability of purchasing low-quality material, so we check the certificate at the place of purchase. The presence of protrusions on the edge of the tile, which complicate the installation process.
They must be cleaned so that the structure looks as aesthetically pleasing as possible and is airtight. It is difficult to install concrete tiles using the wet method, since each element is large and heavy.
Ceramic tile
A tile is created, just like ceramic brick based on clay and mineral additives. Only the tiles are thinner. The firing process makes the material as durable and reliable as possible.
Main advantages:
- repels moisture;
- withstands any temperature load;
- high strength;
- long service life;
- good appearance.
Not without its shortcomings. Although the tiles are thin, they weigh a lot, so it’s not worth tiling old houses. Ceramics do not allow moisture to pass through easily. interior spaces. The cost of such cladding is high.
Decorative siding
Recently, siding has become popular among private developers. The material is lightweight, reliable, inexpensive, easy to install and protects internal structures well from moisture and cold penetration. It is easy to hide the defects of the structure under the siding, and you can also place a thermal insulation layer.
There are several types of siding on sale, which differ in the main materials used for production. They all have the advantages listed above, but each has its own disadvantages.
Vinyl
Made from polyvinyl chloride. Very light, therefore suitable for any building. There are options with imitation wood or natural stone. The disadvantages include:
- Linear changes of panels under the influence of ambient temperature.
- Low strength, easily damaged.
- Fades quickly in the sun.
Wood
Made from wood fibers and impregnations. The material is subjected to pressure. Thanks to this, wooden siding has a slightly longer service life than a regular board. But even after such treatment, the tree remains a tree that does not tolerate environmental influences well. Especially high humidity and regular temperature changes.
Therefore, wooden siding requires regular maintenance:
- cleaning old stains and traces of mold;
- getting rid of insects;
- treatment with protective compounds.
Metal
To create this finish, aluminum or galvanized sheets are used. Metal siding more suitable for industrial buildings or garages. When it rains, drops hitting a sheet of metal create a loud noise, which causes discomfort to the residents of the house.
In addition, metal does not retain heat well in winter, but in summer, on the contrary, it heats up quickly. Life time metal finish large, but if the decorative layer is damaged, then corrosion destroys the cladding very quickly.
Cement
To make such siding for a facade in cement mortar cellulose fibers are added. They lighten the material and at the same time add strength. It is much stronger than the vinyl version. Can last longer than wood siding.
Sandwich panels
This option solves two problems at once - insulation and cladding. The sandwich panel consists of two layers of metal, between which a thermal insulation material is placed. To ensure that the elements hold firmly, they are pressed against each other at high temperatures.
- Has the following characteristics:
- Insulation and noise insulation.
- Repels moisture.
- Resists temperature changes.
- Withstands mechanical loads.
- Installs quickly.
- Easy to clean.
Facade cassettes
More often, this finishing is used for multi-storey public buildings. But for some time now, private developers have also been using it to decorate their homes. There are several options for facade cassettes:
- aluminum;
- galvanized;
- composite.
They are installed according to the principle, which means installation is quick. All irregularities and defects are hidden under the finishing without special preparatory measures. The internal structure is reliably protected from moisture and abrasions strong wind. The finish can withstand mechanical loads.
Ventilated façade
This type of facade is distinguished by the presence of space for natural ventilation and removing excess moisture. This space is called the ventilated gap. To create a gap, install a sheathing on external walls, to which the facing material is subsequently fixed.
With this arrangement of the facade, insulation can be carried out without much difficulty. The selected insulator is placed in the cavity of the frame and protected with special membranes on both sides.
This design will not only reliably protect against external influences, but will also allow excess vapor to be removed. This will ensure that the premises always have a favorable microclimate.
Clinker thermal panels
This is a simplified version of sandwich panels. There is insulation and a decorative part. There is no third component. But the material performs its functions. Thermal panels are mounted directly on the facade using an adhesive solution, or according to the principle of a ventilated facade on the lathing.
In addition, there is no need to choose weather conditions or time of year. Such insulation and façade cladding can be carried out at any convenient time.
Glass panels
This cladding option is chosen by those who want to fill their home with sunlight. Previously, facade glazing was used only by offices and entertainment centers, but today the boundaries have expanded. Glazing of balconies and loggias or southern walls of the house is carried out.
Glass panels are very reliable, since the glass chosen for this is the most durable and tempered. It is not afraid of either gusts of wind or blows. But the weight is large and will not protect against heat loss.
Advantages and disadvantages of finishing materials
Each material has its own set of positive and negative properties. When choosing a finish for the facade, you should not focus only on style, color, cost or size. All moments are important. After all, if one or another type of cladding is too heavy for a particular structure, this will lead to the destruction of the structure.
The most expensive option will not always be the best. Consult with the seller, friends who have already renovated the façade of their home, or professional craftsmen.
Review of costs for different types of materials for exterior home decoration
The cost of façade cladding depends on:
- house size;
- type of material selected;
- whether insulation is used or not;
- The work will be carried out with your own hands or by professional craftsmen.
When choosing a material for finishing the facade, keep in mind that some have a price of square meter, for others per piece, and for others per kilogram. Therefore, recalculate to one denominator and then make your choice.
In this table, prices are indicated from the minimum, and the range may increase depending on the manufacturer and composition.
| Type of cladding | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| brick | clinker | 16 rubles per piece |
| ceramic | 25–35 rubles per piece | |
| hyper-pressed | from 19 rubles per piece | |
| silicate | 13 rubles per piece | |
| stone | natural | from 1300 rub/m2 |
| artificial | from 1000 rub/m2 | |
| plaster | mineral | from 317 rubles for 25 kg |
| acrylic | from 350 rubles for 25 kg | |
| silicone | 1450 rub for 25 kg | |
| silicate | 6360 rub for 25 kg | |
| porcelain stoneware | from 480 rubles per slab | |
| concrete tiles | from 450 rub/m2 | |
| ceramic facade tiles | from 750 rub/m2 | |
| siding | from 220 rub/m2 | |
| sandwich panels | from 1200 rub/m2 | |
| facade cassettes | from 550 rub/m2 | |
| thermal panels | from 1500 rub/m2 |
What material should you choose?
To get a high-quality finished facade you need to spend a lot of time, money and effort. Ideally, the cladding for a new house is chosen during the creation of the project. But to choose material for the old facade, pay attention to:
- Service life and structural strength.
- Compatibility of cladding and base material.
- Certification of finishing materials.
- Installation and maintenance conditions.
- Choose a suitable design.
High-quality cladding materials can decorate the facade of any building and, with their appearance, make the house presentable and exclusive. Often the opinion about a house is based on the appearance of its facade, but in fact the facing part is very important for another reason. The material must serve reliable protection construction from negative external influences.
Correctly selected protective and decorative cladding for a house will decorate the structure for a long time and protect it from destructive effects from the outside. What modern materials does today's construction market offer, what to look for and what is the price? facade cladding for home?
Selection of façade cladding
Each type of cladding has its own characteristics and this can affect the appearance of the house, since the material is ideal for one structure, but will be completely inappropriate for another. When choosing a cladding, it is imperative to take into account the main characteristics of the material:
- water absorption from the surface layer;
- increased heat and sound insulation;
- further repairs;
- structural strength;
- external compliance façade design and attractiveness.
Cladding materials for house facades, their types and main criteria
By using modern technologies and materials, you can create interesting design solutions and significantly improve the basic operational properties of the building. Need to consider the most popular types of facade cladding, which can be purchased at hardware stores.
Numerous types of facade cladding must have two main functions - decorativeness and protection of the structure. A beautiful facade always attracts attention, but, in addition, it must serve as reliable protection from moisture and frost, noise and UV radiation.
The main criteria include environmental safety, affordable price, easy installation and simple maintenance. If the selected material meets the listed criteria, then most likely the choice will be correct.
Facade clinker tiles
It is a simple and reliable material, which is used under brick. The basis for its production is shale clay, which is obtained by firing at high temperatures. The natural color of clay is yellow-brown, but during firing and during the production process the material becomes various colors and shades. Material looks like brick perfect shape. Among the advantages:
- frost resistance and seismic resistance;
- high strength and durability;
- temperature stability;
- suitable for creating ventilated facades;
- variety of textures and colors;
- environmental friendliness;
- ease of installation and maintenance.
Clinker tiles also have their disadvantages - since they are made of clay, they are a fragile material and are susceptible to impacts. An important disadvantage is high price of tiles, it is justified by complex production technology.
Natural and artificial stone
They belong to the category of expensive and durable cladding. It also has its advantages and disadvantages; such material requires special attention when choosing, since it is influenced by climatic conditions, and you also need to take into account that the material carries a certain load on the foundation of the house. For example, no one uses limestone in harsh climatic conditions, and marble reacts poorly to high humidity. All natural stones tend to become dirty quickly. The most popular are granite, limestone and marble.
Artificial stones are much more convenient and practical, they are easier to use and install, and are lighter in weight. For its production, sand, cement and many natural fillers are used, as well as color pigments. A large assortment of colors and shapes of artificial stone is currently offered to consumers at a fairly reasonable price. Compared to natural stone, artificial stone is not as durable, but still can last a long time and maintain its original appearance, for which it is valued. Houses lined with artificial stone look beautiful and quite prestigious.
Artificial stone for exterior cladding of a house
Fake diamond
Brick
People have long been using this material as a cladding material. It performs many functions, so often used for facade cladding. Among the advantages:
Brick has its drawbacks to be used as cladding it is necessary to strengthen the foundation and waterproof the basement. The material is labor-intensive and time-consuming; another disadvantage is the low thermal insulation coefficient.
Ceramic tile
Since ancient times, it has been used in cladding floors and walls, since it has a number of advantages:
- high resistance to moisture and temperature changes;
- has aesthetic qualities;
- allows you to create a beautiful and unique design in the hands of skilled craftsmen.
The disadvantages include additional expenses for other materials, which are needed for its installation, so the final cost will be high.
Siding
A very popular cladding method today, since the material is low in price and good quality. There are several types of siding:
- vinyl;
- metal;
- basement;
- wood.
In addition to its low price, siding has gained wide popularity due to its ease of installation; the panels can be installed even by non-professionals, and they are also easy to maintain. The panels are washed with a stream of water or a damp sponge. Among the disadvantages are they are afraid of mechanical damage, a small range of colors, low fire safety and frost resistance.
Facade plaster and painting
This type of cladding does not create a load on the foundation and walls of the house. Using such material you can easily create any texture and pattern on the surface of the facade. It ventilates the walls well and does not accumulate moisture. Today there are many types - acrylic, mineral, silicate and silicone. Each of them has its positive and negative sides. Decorative plaster is an expensive facing material; its price is almost the same as natural stone.
The article does not describe all materials for cladding the facade; there are also other options for finishing the walls of a house outside. Natural and artificial types of cladding are successfully used in the decorative design of houses. Everyone must decide for themselves which material to choose, taking into account at least two nuances when choosing - the technical part and the cost of cladding.
Final stage of construction country house- finishing, which includes, among others, work on façade cladding. The range of finishing materials is huge, and for the right choice you need to consider their characteristics and features applications.
Why do you need cladding on the façade of a country house?
Most modern building materials have excellent thermal insulation properties and high strength, but their appearance is unassuming. Therefore, the facade cladding is included in the design of a newly built country house.
Modern materials allow you to build a house in any style, regardless of the wall material. In addition, homeowners often resort to façade finishing when restoring and renovating old houses - this allows you to give them a new look.
Facade cladding has not only a cosmetic effect, in addition, it protects wall material from harmful factors: sun, wind, moisture, improves the thermal insulation characteristics of the building. In general, correctly executed wall decoration will extend the service life of the building.
Types of modern finishing materials for the facades of private houses
The choice of modern facing materials is varied; when choosing them, the following factors are usually taken into account:
- protective and thermal insulation properties;
- resistance to external influences and service life;
- application area;
- complexity finishing works;
- price.
All materials used for cladding facades have their advantages and disadvantages, and the developer’s task is to find the best option for his home.
Plaster
This popular type of finish Most often used for finishing walls made of bricks and building blocks.
Advantages of plaster:
- protects walls well from atmospheric moisture, creates an additional thermal insulation layer;
- increases the fire resistance of walls;
- the plaster is vapor-permeable, which ensures good moisture removal from inside the room;
- the work can be done independently;
- different kinds decorative plaster differ in price, it is easy to choose an affordable option;
- plaster can be combined with other types of finishes, choose any color and texture.
Application of decorative plaster.
The disadvantages include rapid destruction of the plaster layer due to improper application and operation of the building.
Types of plaster:
- Mineral plaster based on cement and additives - the simplest and cheapest option. Its advantages include strength and high moisture resistance. Mineral plaster is sold in the form of dry mixtures and has an unattractive grey colour, however, it can be easily painted in any shade with façade paints. Service life - from 3 to 10 years.
- Acrylic plaster- ready mix with various decorative textures based on resins, it is distinguished by its plasticity and resistance to moisture. The scope of application of acrylic plaster is walls insulated with polystyrene. Service life is from 10 to 15 years.
- Silicone polymer plaster- the most expensive of its analogues, it is distinguished by high quality coating, durability and resistance to dirt. It does not absorb dust and is not destroyed when exposed to chemical compounds, so silicone plaster can be used to decorate buildings located near cities and highways. The finish will last at least 25 years.
- Silicate facade plasters based on liquid glass, they have good vapor permeability; they are often used for finishing houses made of gas silicate. It is plastic, easy to apply, allows you to create different textures, is not afraid of dirt and dust and retains a fresh appearance for 20-25 years.
Designers often use plaster in combination with other finishing materials: stone, decorative bricks and tiles. This technique allows you to refresh the facade, create accents, for example, on window openings, columns or corners.
Finishing facades with natural or artificial stone
Stone can be used not only for decoration, but also as independent finishing. This type of finishing is not cheap, but it is durable and allows you to give your home a rich appearance.
A natural stone - heavy material, therefore they are used to decorate walls made of bricks or blocks that can withstand the weight of the cladding. The stone has irregular shape and requires adjustment, as well as grouting.
An alternative to natural stone is artificial stone. It's lighter and much more affordable, imitates different types stone, easier to install on the surface of the walls. Like natural stone, it does not burn and is not destroyed by moisture.
Clinker tiles and thermal panels
This type of finishing is ceramic tiles imitating clinker brick (see photo). The finishing brick itself is in a good way wall cladding, but it is usually fixed at the stage of laying the walls. Clinker tiles can be used for repair and restoration of old buildings, which makes it more versatile.
Clinker thermal panels combine two functions: insulation and finishing. Thanks to their size, the finishing work time is significantly reduced, and the appearance of such a house is no different from a building finished with brick.
Clinker tiles have a natural color range from sand to dark brown, she is durable and moisture resistant, does not burn, does not contribute to the development of mold. This finish is durable and correct installation will last at least 50 years.
Porcelain tiles
Porcelain tiles are an artificial material that is not subject to shrinkage, moisture-proof and durable.
It can be attached with special glue, just like finishing stone, but the moisture resistance of porcelain stoneware will promote moisture retention inside the walls. Therefore, porcelain tiles are often used in ventilated facades.
This finishing method involves attaching a sheathing made of a metal profile to the wall, onto which porcelain tiles are mounted using special fasteners. Between tiles and wall leave a ventilated gap or lay a layer of fiber insulation that allows moisture to be removed from the walls.
The richness of colors and sizes of porcelain tiles make it a popular finishing material for country houses. Service life - at least 25 years.
Repairing a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware is very simple: the damaged tile is removed and replaced with a new one.
Siding
Siding - polymer or metal finishing panels used in ventilated facades.
With their help you can decorate new houses or restore old ones buildings from any material. Vinyl siding has more natural and muted colors, metal siding has brighter colors. There are varieties of finishing panels that imitate wood or stone. Mounted on a lathing made of a bar or metal profile.
Advantages of siding:
- affordable price;
- easy installation;
- resistance to atmospheric moisture;
- does not require painting, does not rot;
- can be used to decorate walls made of any material.
Flaws:
- If fastened incorrectly, thermal deformation is possible;
- vinyl siding is not durable and can be damaged by impacts;
- light shades of siding quickly become dirty.
Wood finishing
Wood - most environmentally friendly material . Thanks to its ability to “breathe,” wood finishing is possible both for wooden buildings and for brick and block houses. Like siding, fastening wood finishing performed using the ventilated facade method.
The frame is made of bars, between which insulation boards can be laid. All wooden elements must be treated with an antiseptic, and the finishing material itself is recommended to be painted or coated protective equipment for wood.
Finishing wood may have different shape: block house - imitation of rounded logs, imitation of timber, planed facade board.
Advantages of wood finishing:
- natural breathable material;
- wood can be mounted on any wall; installation does not require special skills;
- wood can be easily painted in any shade, including natural shades;
- the price of materials is moderate.
Significant disadvantages include:
- low fire resistance;
- susceptibility to rotting;
- the need for periodic processing.
Which material is better and cheaper for exterior finishing of a house?
Having considered the description of facing materials, you can draw conclusions and make a choice. For facade cladding wooden house It is better to use a ventilated facade made of siding or finishing wood. This finish will allow the house to “breathe”, it not afraid of shrinkage and seasonal deformation, harmonizes perfectly with the style of a wooden house.
Plaster, finishing stone or tiles, as well as ventilated facades with any finish, are excellent for finishing a house made of bricks and blocks.
When using moisture-proof materials it is necessary to arrange an effective exhaust ventilation in the house, otherwise high humidity, condensation and mold cannot be avoided. Over time, this can lead to the destruction of walls.
Finishing the facade of a private house: instructions
Each type of exterior wall finishing has its own technology, the main stages of which are given below.
Rules for applying plaster:
- Before applying the finishing plaster, the walls are cleaned of mortar residues, cracks and cavities are sealed, and the seams are leveled.
- When applying plaster over insulation, you need to secure it well.
- If the intended layer of plaster is more than 10 mm thick, it is necessary to secure the reinforcing mesh to the wall.
- To obtain an even coating, beacons are placed.
- The solution is mixed strictly according to the instructions indicated on the package, in the amount that can be used at a time.
- Prepared solutions must be mixed thoroughly before use.
- The prepared wall is primed.
- The first layer of plaster is applied by spray, subsequent leveling layers are applied with a spatula and leveled using the rule, and to create decorative textures, figured spatulas and rollers are used.
- If a layer of paint is applied over the plaster, the plaster must be thoroughly dried, and for better adhesion and reduced paint consumption, it is recommended to pre-prime it.
Rules for installing a ventilated facade:
- It is not necessary to remove the old coating from the walls if it provides a strong attachment to the frame.
- It is recommended to cover the wall with a wind- and moisture-proof vapor-permeable film.
- The frame of the ventilated facade is made of a metal profile or wood, depending on the facing material, secured with screws or nails.
- Insulation can be laid between the frame posts.
- The facing material is attached to the frame using special fasteners or self-tapping screws or nails.
- If necessary, the cladding is treated with fire retardants, coloring and a protective composition.
Rules for facing with stone, clinker or tiles:
- Level the wall with cement mortar.
- Prime the wall to improve adhesion.
- The facing stone or tile is placed on a special solution suitable for this type of finishing.
- After the glue has dried, grout the joints.
- To improve the appearance and performance characteristics natural stone can be coated with a special varnish. This will ensure shine and absence white plaque from salts.
Facade cladding with clinker tiles.
Facade cladding of a country house - the key to its beauty and durability. By choosing the material he likes, the homeowner will be able to realize his ideas and make the house a real cozy family nest, giving it charm and uniqueness for many years.
A modern facade system must meet certain requirements, namely, increasing the thermal insulation characteristics of the building, reducing heat losses and attractive appearance. There are several options for finishing and arranging the facade. We’ll talk about their features, advantages and installation technology further.
Characteristics and types of facade systems
To obtain the most functional facade system, it is necessary to select a facade option that suits a particular building. The materials for its manufacture must be certified and high quality.
Finishing the facade is the final stage of construction of a new house or reconstruction of an old one. There are several types of modern facade systems depending on the design and material of manufacture. The use of aluminum systems based on aluminum, plastic, steel, plaster is determined by the specific conditions of their installation and the type of building.
In relation to installation technology, the following facade systems are distinguished:
- sandwich panels - heat-insulating material with ready-made double-sided protection;
- “wet facade” - the insulation is installed on a pre-treated surface and is additionally covered with a layer of plaster, which is applied to the reinforced coating;
- ventilated facade system - presence in the structural characteristics of the facade air gap between the inner and outer wall.
Each of the facade system options is based on the use of purely custom materials for its installation. Sandwich panels are mounted directly on the facing material. “Wet facade system” is based on the installation of insulation from the outside. Plastic is used to make panels vinyl based or galvanized steel. However, the most reliable and durable in operation are aluminum facade systems. They do not corrode, withstand any mechanical damage well and do not burn. Powder paint coating aluminum panels perfectly protects against atmospheric exposure. Moreover, rich color palette, allows you to choose the best option for finishing the facade.
Wet façade designs are based on the use of modern materials heat-insulating adhesive and reinforcing purposes. They provide the building with high thermal insulation characteristics, prevent the development of dampness, improve fire safety and are environmentally friendly.
Ventilated facade systems: design, advantages, installation technology
Ventilated facade systems have many advantages, among which we note:
- duration of operation without additional repairs for 45-50 years;
- protection against aggressive factors, prevention of corrosion;
- excellent thermal insulation properties - in summer time the building is cool in the year, and warm in the winter;
- improving energy efficiency by 30%, saving on heating;
- protection from various factors external environment, such as moisture, melt water, condensate masses, protection against waterlogging of the load-bearing wall;
- improved sound insulation performance;
- high level fire safety, since the structure consists of materials that are resistant to combustion;
- highly effective lightning protection;
- complete environmental safety and certification of materials for installation of the façade system;
- reduced performance characteristics;
- Possibility of installation both in summer and winter;
- ease of dismantling and reusing materials for a ventilated facade;
- a variety of facing materials, namely: panels made of aluminum, natural stone, porcelain stoneware;
- diversity design solutions, various textural components, textured inclusions;
- the possibility of using dark-colored cladding without excessive heating of the building in the summer.
To obtain a high-quality ventilated facade, we will analyze the step-by-step technology of its installation. Before starting work, a project is created in which the type of cladding, layout, dimensions of the structure are clearly indicated, and calculations of the ventilated facade are made. Thus, it is possible to minimize the costs of constructing a façade system.
Installation technology of the curtain wall system:
1. Preparatory stage.
Before you start constructing a ventilated façade, prepare the building and site for work. Mark the boundaries of the zone that is dangerous for people to stay in, make markings and places for the location of building materials.
2. Marking points for mounting fasteners.
Before we get started with the basics installation work Mark the sections of the wall and install the main support brackets. Carry out markings in relation to previously created drawings.
On initial stage, determine the location lines of the beacons, mark with indelible paint. Using a plumb line, determine the vertical installation lines of the structures.
3. Installation of brackets.
Drill holes for fasteners using a hammer drill. Remove sludge and install anchor fasteners. Before fixing the bracket, install a paronite gasket under it. Using anchor dowels, install the supporting brackets using a screwdriver.
4. Installation of thermal insulation materials and wind protection.
Initially, a slab version of the insulation is installed, followed by installation windproof membrane, at the same time, the overlap of the panels is about 10 cm. The thickness of the slabs is determined individually, in relation to the parameters of the walls of the building. The interval between the dowels and the outer part of the insulation is 50 cm.
The insulation is installed from the bottom row, the starting profile is pre-installed. The slabs are hung in a staggered sequence, horizontal to each other. Gaps between insulation boards are unacceptable.
5. Installation of guides, window slopes and low tides.
Vertical guides are installed on adjustable brackets, and the profiles are fixed with special rivets. To check the levelness of the base, use a level. At the junctions of vertical sections, it is recommended to create a gap of 0.8-1 cm.
6. Finishing of the ventilated facade.
Porcelain stoneware, metal cassettes, natural stone, and siding are used as finishing materials for finishing the facade.
The installation of a particular material is determined by individual technical characteristics.
Installation of a “wet” type façade system
There are three options for installing a “wet” facade:
1. Organic - implies the use of polystyrene foam for wall insulation, organic mass is used as a reinforcing coating, and silicone or organic-based plaster is used as the finishing layer.
2. Mineral - the thermal insulation component of this system is mineral wool. A special mass is used as a reinforcing layer, and the finishing component is mineral or silicone type plaster.
3. Combined - a combination of the two previous options, at different stages of work.
Advantages of “wet type” facade systems:
- affordable price;
- saving useful space indoors, since the insulation is installed outside;
- additional soundproofing effect;
- attractive appearance of the walls after finishing;
- possibility of renovation and reconstruction;
- long service life;
- various execution options.
In addition, the “wet” façade system does not require additional space; the insulation is lightweight and does not load the structure. The service life of such a system is about 30 years without additional repairs. External thermal insulation leads in reducing heat loss compared to other options for façade systems.
Despite this, this facade system has the following disadvantages:
- time spending repair work limited temperature conditions, which should not be below 5 degrees Celsius;
- a “wet” façade does not tolerate high humidity, frost, or precipitation; in addition, it is not recommended to carry out façade finishing work during the day, in direct sunlight;
- It is imperative to protect the surface from wind, dust and dirt.
There are several ways to fix a “wet” facade. According to the first, dowels are used to secure the insulation. This method is relevant for small thicknesses of the plaster layer. The second option is to use movable hinges as fasteners. Used when the wall thickness is about thirty centimeters. Combination glue method with dowels - the most popular and reliable fastening method. Initially, the insulation is fixed to the wall using glue, and additionally secured with dowels.
The installation technology of the façade system implies the obligatory arrangement of the insulation in a checkerboard pattern, installation of dowels after completely dry adhesive composition.
Characteristics of aluminum facade systems
Among the advantages of the aluminum-based facade system, we note:
- easy and quick installation;
- modern and attractive appearance;
- ensuring protection of the structure from precipitation;
- affordable price;
- light weight does not load the structure;
- variety of color solutions;
- universal use;
- resistance to corrosion;
- variety of options.
Aluminum facade systems not only have a modern appearance, but also have high mechanical strength. A successful combination of aesthetic component with functional features allow you to get a durable coating that will last at least half a century.
Depending on the shape, there are several options aluminum profiles. Additionally, they are equipped with double-glazed windows or ordinary glasses. Aluminum facades with stained glass systems give the building weightlessness, but at the same time do not lose strength.
The possibility of installing translucent elements; it is possible to finish not only the walls, but also the roof with aluminum structures. These systems have an unlimited scope of use, but are most often used for finishing multi-storey public buildings: shops, office and shopping centers, gyms and trading houses. The reliability and aesthetic characteristics of the facade make it stand out against the background of other buildings, while filling the premises with daylight.
There are several types of aluminum facade systems:
1. The facade of the construction-transom type is one of the most highly durable options. The appearance of such a structure is quite laconic; the glass is fixed on the facade exclusively in the shape of a rectangle.
2. Semi-structural facade systems - differ in a number of design differences. They contain internal supporting posts, which are fixed by an external clamping mechanism. The cost of this design is slightly higher than the previous version. However, such a system has a large number of design options.
3. Structural aluminum facade systems - have similar characteristics to semi-structural facades. The main difference is in the method of fixing the double-glazed windows. The glass is installed on special steel elements using sealant. The strength characteristics are the same as for a semi-structural facade.
Depending on the installation technology, aluminum facade systems are:
1. “Warm” - aluminum system installed on already finished wall Houses. Such double-glazed windows reliably retain heat in the room, preventing additional heat loss.
2. “Cold” - do not require fastening, they are installed as independent load-bearing structures. High-strength tempered glass, 1-2 mm thick, is installed on an aluminum frame.
3. Combined - semi-structural and structural systems imply the use of horizontal and vertical structures.
At the initial stage of work, the facade system is designed with your own hands. The materials for work are calculated and measurements are taken. In relation to the measurements, the type of facade system is determined. Next you need to dismantle various designs that interfere with working with the facade, the level of location of the structural parts is determined.
Installation work must be carried out by highly qualified specialists who install the system and seal all connections and seams.
Installation of façade video system:
