In recent years, beans have ceased to be a monopoly of gardeners and summer residents. This crop began to be grown on an industrial scale, in particular, by agricultural holdings. After all, the fashion for vegetarianism made food establishments and simple housewives remember our traditional bean dishes, which will obviously be much more popular than soy products, which in Ukraine began to be eaten only about 20 years ago.

“We have been dealing with beans for the 4th year already: we supply seeds to farms, provide technologies and buy out the harvest - half of the projected volume for forward, the other half after harvesting, if desired by the farm. During this time, the price did not fall below $ 500 per ton: on average it was $ 550-600, and there were years when it rose to $ 650 ", - say representatives of the Fruktovy Mir company.

The average yield of beans in Ukraine, according to their data, is 2.2-2.5 t / ha, and the most advanced farms, such as Svarog West Group - 3 or even 3.5 t / ha.

Fruktovy Mir and the Agroleader company associated with it are traders who buy not only beans, but also mustard, flax, and now they are arranging purchases of lentils and chickpeas. The group of companies has its own elevator and exports products. In particular, it is so interested in beans that it stimulates producers by providing seeds, technology and guarantees that half of the crop will be bought out at a fixed price.

Growing beans on an industrial scale

So what does it take to start growing beans on an industrial scale? First of all, the seed. Its average price at the moment is 34 thousand UAH / t. The variety should be chosen very carefully, since the profitability and manufacturability of the growing process strongly depends on the characteristics inherent in it. For example, among the 5 varieties that Fruktovy Mir now offers, two are suitable for direct combining, and this is a significant advantage over separate ones. The resistance of the variety to aging and the height of the lower row of beans are of great importance (for the possibility of collecting by direct combining, it is necessary that it be at least 20 cm). You also need to take into account consumer preferences, so you should discuss the color of the beans (white, black, others) with potential buyers in advance, and choose the variety in accordance with this.

The growing season of beans is from 90 days. The optimal sowing time is May. For example, this year in the Kiev region, beans were sown on May 15-20.

For fertilizing beans, according to the specialists of the Fruktovy Mir company, 60 kg / ha are needed. nitrogen and phosphorus and 40 kg / ha a.i. potassium. Therefore, fertilization can be limited to 150 kg / ha Diammofoska and inoculation in spring.

Seeds before sowing are advised to be treated with an insecticide, fungicide and inoculant. The sowing rate is 130 kg / ha or 400-500 thousand pieces / ha. At this density, the plant forms up to 20 beans. If beans are sown less often, then the number of beans can increase to 40-50.

Sowing beans

A very important role in the formation of fast and uniform emergence is played by the accuracy of maintaining the seeding depth. The optimum depth is 3-4 cm. If there is not enough moisture in the soil, experts advise to increase the sowing depth to 5 cm. They note that beans will germinate even from a depth of 10 cm, but then the seedlings will be uneven and the germination rate will decrease.

Sowing beans, according to experts, can be done with any seeder, even SZ. But

the most preferable sowing method is a row planting with a row spacing of no more than 45 cm: the half-meter row spacing of the plant is no longer able to overlap, and a free space for weeds is formed.

Weed protection for beans

With regard to protection against weeds, beans have such an important feature as their high sensitivity to the aftereffect of herbicides. Therefore, the choice of the field for beans is highly dependent on the predecessor crop. Experts call cereals the best predecessor for beans - winter crops (barley, wheat) and spring crops (corn). But areas where soybeans were previously grown are advised to avoid.

Since beans are not as tender as their "relatives" chickpeas and lentils, it is possible to control weeds with bentazone (480 g / l). Therefore, the experience of applying 2.5 l / ha of Bazagran turned out to be positive. However, according to experts, it is better to apply it in parts of 1.5 l / ha with an adhesive at intervals of 3-4 days. This allows you to get rid of the quinoa, shyritsa, rape. They note that soybeans are processed in this way abroad. Experts call the first pair of leaves or cotyledon the optimal phase for introducing Basagran.

Keep in mind, however, that beans remain a relatively delicate crop, although not nearly as much as chickpeas or lentils. Therefore, Bazagran M, as practice has shown, “sets fire to” the beans. This is also due to the limitation in the use of imazamox by the phases of the primordial leaf or the first three leaves. If imazamox is added later, then it suppresses the beans, which is why the growing season is stretched, and it does not have time to ripen until early autumn.

Also, contact and systemic agents can be used to protect beans from weeds. - bentazone + acifluorfen. The scheme "soil prometrine + C-metolachlor" also works well. You can also use metribuzin with prometrine - then you can get a field free of dicotyledonous weeds, although in some places cereals germinate. There are no specific pests on beans, but the sprout fly is very widespread, and to a somewhat lesser extent, the scoop.

A very important point is the optimal timing of collection.

The beans should be ripe, but not overdried, because then they easily crumble, and the beans wake up on the ground. Therefore, moisture plays a very important role. If the farm has delayed harvesting and waited for a period of large daily temperature drops, when the beans dry out during the day and gain moisture at night, then, as experts advise, then it is better to harvest in the morning after the dew disappears.

Since the ripening of beans is not always uniform, experts advise desiccation before harvesting. They call the optimal desiccation option 2.5 l / ha Reglon with adhesive. Desiccation with glyphosates is not recommended as they take longer to work. And while waiting for glyphosate to work, weather conditions can worsen.

Experts say that the best way to harvest beans is the use of a rotary harvester with a flexi-header. Threshing should be carried out at a minimum speed of 300-400 rpm (although in practice threshing was carried out at a speed of 500 rpm). It is also very important to adjust the concave clearance to avoid breaking the beans. The optimal, based on practice, is called a gap of 27-33 mm. Then, with a moisture content of beans of 16-17% and collection by a rotary harvester, the share of broken beans does not exceed 1.5%. Whereas traders accept products with grain impurities up to 6-9% and garbage 2%. They require the moisture content of products at the level of 14-16%.

Based on the materials of the Field Day dedicated to legumes, which took place on June 26 on the basis of the Ksaverovka-2 landfill of the SALIVINKOVSKOE State Enterprise of the Institute of Sugar Beet and Energy Crops of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Compliance with the proposed technology will allow you to get up to 60 kg of beans from one hundred square meters.

General remarks.

Beans are one of the most valuable legumes. Beans are rich in proteins, trace elements, delicate fiber, which improves the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to useful fiber that removes poisons from the body, the bean shells contain enzymes and amino acids that have a beneficial effect on the function of the pancreas, and are used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, especially in combination with oat grass.

The plant is thermophilic. Responsive to nitrogen rich soils. Relatively light-loving, but also tolerates shading.

It is better to prepare the soil for beans in the fall, but you can also in early spring. The main enemy of culture is weeds. Taking this factor into account, the proposed technology provides for their destruction before sowing.

Due to the fact that in the southern regions there is enough heat and light to obtain two harvests of beans, the proposed technology options can be used (preferably with the inclusion of irrigation as an additional item) to realize this possibility.

Seed preparation for sowing.

Bean seeds immediately before sowing should be immersed in a burgundy solution of potassium permanganate for one hour, then moistened with a solution "", spraying it until drops appear with a spray or fine spray. Keep moist for 3-4 hours. It can then be dried if planted with a planter or maize planting attachment.

Option I Sowing beans in pea crops on green peas

The area for peas is prepared in the fall. The peculiarity of the preparation consists in the timely processing of the EM-preparation in a dilution of 1: 500, namely from September to November, and careful leveling of the surface.

In February windows (from February 11), peas are sown with a row spacing of 15 cm. Before sowing, the weeds are pruned to a depth of no more than 5 cm and treated with an EM solution at a dilution of 1: 1000 (the normal rate, that is, a bucket per hundred square meters). After the emergence of shoots, five treatments are carried out with a solution of "" with an interval of 14 days. Before ripening (technical ripeness), two more treatments "" (1: 1000) are required with an interval of 3-4 days.

At the end of April (25-30) or at the beginning of May (1-10), beans are sown in the aisles of peas according to the scheme 15 x 5-10 cm (in a row, seeds are placed every 5 cm for low-growing varieties of standard beans, after 10 cm - for large-bush beans).

After the emergence of bean shoots within two to three weeks, the peas should be removed (harvest the fruits), the pea stems should be cut with a Fokin flat cutter and left in the aisles of the beans. The entire mass of pea plants, previously dried in the aisles of beans, should be treated with an EM-preparation (concentration 1: 1000). Repeat the treatment after 5-6 days. Next, the beans are treated with a solution "" every 14 days.

Before harvesting, in dry weather, the beans are cut with a Fokin flat cutter, and after 1-2 days, dry beans are harvested, leaving them wet in the garden to dry or removing them separately for drying on racks. The pods are used for medicinal purposes or for mulching small-seeded crops.

The mass of plants remaining on the site is treated with a solution of "" (1: 500) and slightly mixed with the soil using hoes and Fokin's devices.

Option II Combined sowing of beans with corn

This method differs in that the soil for corn is prepared in autumn, and in the spring, in April, with the help of an EM-preparation, weeds are provoked by treating the plot with a solution "" (concentration 1: 1000) three weeks before sowing corn.

Corn is sown in late April (25-30) or early May (1-10) with row spacing of 70 cm. Beans are sown simultaneously.

Corn is placed in a row after 40 cm and curly beans are sown next to it, sowing up to four seeds in a hole. Bean seeds can be sown one at a time around the corn seed at a distance of 3-5 cm. Caring for corn with beans is the same as for peas with beans.

Curly beans can ripen earlier than corn. It should be harvested before harvesting the corn stalks. Corn stalks can be harvested green if the cobs are used in milk ripeness for food purposes.

They should be used for livestock feed or compost with EM culture.

Option III Clean sowing of bush and curly beans

For clean sowing, the soil must be prepared in April 3-4 weeks before sowing the seeds.

With the help of an EM culture, the site is cleared of weeds. Before sowing, the site is cleaned with a Fokin plane cutter, trying not to turn the soil layer deeper than two centimeters.

Bean seeds can be planted to a depth of 5-6 cm using the hand maize planting attachment. This device can be different. If only it meets its purpose: to plant seeds at the required depth with speed and convenience, practically without damaging the existing structure of the soil.

Bush forms are planted with row spacing of 20-25 cm, and in a row between plants 5-10 cm are left. With ten centimeters between plants (nests), two beans are dipped into the holes.

Curly forms are cultivated on supports (so-called code crops). In this case, the plants are placed in a 70 x 40 cm pattern, with 4 nests around the stake. The stakes are driven in rows in the designated places at a distance of 40 cm from each other.

The height of the stakes is 2 m, the depth is up to 50 cm.When the plants begin to rise along the stakes, all rows (and there must be an even number) must be framed in pairs and the corresponding stakes of each pair should be tilted towards each other until their tops join. Tie all the tops of the stakes in each pair of rows with twine, pulling the twine along the tops above the aisles so that the frames of future tents are formed. All this will be overgrown with beans, and the harvest will be plentiful.

Plants are treated with a solution of "" end 1: 1000 every 14 days until the completion of the last set of beans. After the plants reach a height of 5-10 cm, the aisles can be covered with any organic matter (straw, manure, sawdust, husks, husks, legumes). But due to the high responsiveness to the nitrogen content in an aqueous solution of soils, beans in a pure culture are preferably mulched after sprouting with humus-sprinkler or dry EM compost (bokashi). Once the beans are harvested, the plants are used on site for mulching and composting on site as described above.

Beans are an ancient culture, its production is acquiring an industrial scale. On store shelves, it is sold fresh and canned. Asparagus beans are especially popular. If you have a plot of land, why not make money from growing beans?

The profitability of vegetable cultivation

Before you start growing legumes, you need to draw up a business plan. He will help determine the profitability of the enterprise. It is also necessary to analyze the sales market. Legumes are in demand in canteens, cafes, restaurants. Perhaps the sale will take place through the vegetable market. If you do not want to trade yourself, you can negotiate with sellers about wholesale supplies.

The advantages of growing legumes are ease of care, low financial costs, and long shelf life.

When drawing up a business plan, you need to consider the following costs:

• buying legume seeds;
• the cost of fertilizers, equipment for plant care;
• transportation costs;
• land lease;
• to care for a large plantation, you will need to use hired labor, and, accordingly, pay wages.

How successful a business will be depends not only on hard work, but also on the quality of seeds, yield, weather conditions. Better to start with small plantations. If the income is satisfactory, then next season it is already possible to sow the fields. It is possible that someone will like to do the preservation of the vegetable. Such a product is already more expensive.

When choosing a variety of beans, you should pay attention to its yield, climatic conditions. For the middle lane, early legumes are suitable. And the southern regions can successfully cultivate the late ones.

There are early ripening varieties that allow you to harvest 2 crops of beans per season. Planting such seeds will make the business more profitable. Proper care of asparagus beans will allow up to 5 harvests. Vegetable yield varies from 60 to 150 centners per hectare.

For dacha owners or villagers, starting a legume business poses virtually no risk. The land plot, the necessary equipment is already available. And this has a beneficial effect on the cost of the product!

Legume cultivation technology

Growing beans does not require any specific skills and abilities. This is an unpretentious culture.

The plan for the upcoming events is as follows:

• soil preparation;
• landing;
• care;
• harvesting.

It is best to start preparing the soil in the fall. Compost must be added to the soil, wood ash and superphosphate are added in spring. It is unacceptable to grow beans regularly in the same place, as well as after peppers, tomatoes, potatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, cabbage. The vegetable does not like winds, frosts.

Before planting, the seeds must be kept in a manganese solution for 20-30 minutes, then rinsed and dried. A common legume is planted at a soil temperature of 14 ─ 16 °, and an asparagus at 20 °. There should be a distance of 35 ─ 45 cm between the rows, and 10 cm between the seeds. In some regions, beans are sown in one hole with corn.

Further care consists in watering, loosening, removing weeds. Some varieties require tying. When the first leaf appears, the seedlings are thinned out. As a rule, the plant does not need further feeding, but on the contrary, it itself saturates the soil with nitrogen.

Harvesting takes place over several days as the beans ripen. It is not recommended to overripe the fruit. This negatively affects their taste. The average yield per square meter is approximately 1 kg.

A little about the benefits of beans

In terms of the amount of protein, a vegetable is not inferior to meat and contains a rich vitamin composition. Dishes from legumes are useful for people with diseases of the kidneys, lungs, heart. Bean broth is used for nervous exhaustion and overwork. Vegetable masks help to improve complexion.

It is widely used in cooking. Soups, side dishes, and pie fillings are made from legumes. It is added to salads, borscht, stewed, boiled, canned, frozen.

Growing beans is a fairly simple exercise. Having established the marketing of legumes, the business can bring in quite a tangible income!

Preparing and sowing bean seeds:

BEANS
1. Preparation and sowing of beans seeds:
- Is it necessary to process beans seeds before sowing, what are the terms of seed processing?
- what are the most optimal terms for sowing beans seeds, including Ukrainian weather conditions (early spring frosts)?
- What is the sowing rate of beans seeds per 1 hectare;
- what are the ways in this casedo you think when sowing beans, taking into account the different soil of the land?
If there is no bacteria in the soil where the beans will be sown Rhizobium, then sowing is carried out by inoculation ( inoculation, seed) seeds. These bacteria provide plants with the opportunity to use nitrogen in the air. After inoculation in the first year, there is no need to repeat the process for subsequent years, since the bacteria multiplies by itself after the first year. The inoculation process must be done in the shade just after October.
Beans as a plant have a negative effect on temperatures below 0 ºC. If we take into account the climatic conditions of Ukraine, then on the coast of Crimea and on the coastal regions of the Black Sea, the month of April is considered the most ideal time for sowing, and the middle of the month of May is desirable near Kirovograd. Particularly unacceptable for growing beans is the northwestern part of the country, where the altitude is high and is the cold region of Ukraine.
The seed volume of species with short growth for sowing per 1 hectare is 70 - 100 kg, and for species with a parchment layer and with an elongated growth of 30 - 50 kg. The sowing volume varies with the size of the seed.
The most ideal sowing is carried out by agricultural seeding machines. In the absence of seeding machines, sowing is carried out manually. Beans consume a large amount of nutrient; therefore, on non-fertile soil, the sowing should be less dense. The sowing depth on heavy soil should be 2.5-5.0 cm, and on light soil should be about 5.0-10.0 cm.

2. What herbicides should be used when caring for crops?
The use of herbicides varies with soil conditions. For soil with an average level, Nitrogen (N) 20 - 40 kg / ha, Phosphorus (P) 40 - 60 kg / ha and Potassium (K) 40 - 80 kg / ha are used.
During the cultivation of beans in the northern regions of Ukraine, where the volume of the cyclone is higher (especially in the northern regions), in soils with acidity, it is desirable to use nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO3).

3. What are the pests of beans, pest control?
Bean seeds have pests ( Callosobruchus maculatus and Acenthoscelides obtectus). They grow by feeding inside the seeds during storage. This can be halted by storing the seeds in cold conditions and cleaning the storage area with pest medicine. Bean aphid ( Aphis fabae) and the red spider ( Acarina) harm by sucking stem water ( Xylem sap), and tobacco thrips ( Thrips tabaci Lind.) By foliage. In addition to chemicals, methods such as removing damaged or dead leaves from the field can be used against such pests.

4.What are the diseases of beans, disease control?
The most common bean disease is anthracnose ( Colletotrichum lindemuthianum). Especially distributed in humid environments. The disease leads to the loss of seedlings, a deterioration in the sowing and commercial qualities of seeds and to a decrease in yield. Rotting roots sometimes become the cause of the disease ( Fusarium ssp. vb.), rust fungi ( Uromyces phaseoli), mold ( Erysiphe poligoni), bacterial decay ( Corynebacterium flaccumfciens) yellow bean virus. These diseases can be stopped with chemicals and rotation ( crop rotation) and burying the remains of the crop in the field.

5. In order to achieve an optimal yield, do you need to irrigate the crops and how many times, in what period is it better?
During their growth, beans require 400-500 mm of water. It is necessary to pay attention to the short duration of the decoration. Beans will not stand up for a long time if the roots remain under water for a long time ( water logging). Watering, especially after flowering in Ukraine, can significantly increase productivity. In dry times, watering before flowering is helpful. But at the same time, if the soil moisture is at a good level during sowing, then there is no need for watering in the initial stage of growth.

6. At what stages and which ones are better to use fertilizers (mineral, organic, nitrogen)?
All herbicides including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be applied in conjunction with sowing. The most ideal application of fertilizers is at a distance of 3 - 7 cm from the sowing row and at a depth of 4 - 8 cm. Zinc (Zn) is an important element for beans, so it should be fed if there is not enough in the soil.

7. In what period is it better to harvest beans?
The beans are harvested approximately 90 to 120 days after sowing. The most ideal period for harvesting is considered to be the period when most beans ( pods) turns yellow but does not dry out completely. It is usually harvested when the beans have reached 40% moisture. Early harvesting will cause shrinkage of the cover and later seed spillage onto the field. After harvesting, the beans are left on the field to dry (about 10 days).

LENTILS
1. What is the best soil for sowing lentil seeds?
Lentils do not require much soil selection. The soil doesn't have to be fertile. But at the same time, the yield is high in acidic soil ( slight asidic soil). Along with this, soil density ( heavy soil).

2. What is the sowing rate of lentil seeds per 1 ha, sowing methods?
The sowing rate for species with small seeds is 40 - 80 kg / g, and for species with large seeds it should be 100–140 kg / ha. The sowing depth is about 4–5 cm. If the seeds are small, then they cannot be sown deep. Sowing is done manually. But the use of a seeding machine is useful. You can easily use wheat seeding machines ( sowing machine) r.

3.Veg periodafter highEvania of Lentil Seeds?
It can be grown on the southern shores of Ukraine as a winter crop; at the same time, due to sufficient soil moisture, there will be no need for watering. But in the northern regions, especially in the high-altitude northwest, sowing in the spring will be useful. Under such conditions, watering after re-flowering will increase the yield.

4. The most common pests of lentils, the fight against them?
On the stem of lentils, stino ( Stino spp.) pest leaves. These pests develop only in a humid environment. During the period of possible growth of the disease, watering is not advised. Along with this, the weevil is dangerous ( Bruchus). These pests are not active at low temperatures, therefore seeds should be stored at temperatures below 7 ºC. And also a pest like a green vegetable bug can be harmful. Nezera virdula L., alfalfa aphid ( Aphis cracivora Koch.) And clover seed Apion.

5.Diseases of lentils, disease control?
Of lentil diseases, the causative agent is the fungus fusarium ( Fusarium oxyporum) can be dangerous at temperatures above 17 ºC. It is possible to slow down the disease by applying a phosphorus (P) fertilizer. Rotting roots are also a characteristic disease of lentils. This can be avoided by treating the seed before sowing. In addition, there is also rust ( Uromycec fabae), which may result in the loss of a complete product. When a disease is noticed, it is necessary to apply medicine and remove the diseased plants. The moment of blossoming is dangerous for this disease. Along with this, there is mold. Erysiphe poligoni and Ascochyta lentis.

6.Do I need to water lentil crops, how many times?
A lentil plant requires approximately 400-500 mm of water. With winter sowing in the south of Ukraine, on coastal areas close to the Mediterranean sea climate, there may be no need for irrigation. But with spring sowing in the middle and northern regions (Kiev and interior regions), watering after flowering will increase yields.

7. Ripening period and harvesting of lentils?
The lentil harvest period is short and critical. Harvesting is done when the beans turn yellow ( pods). When this time comes, cleaning should be done within 7 - 8 days. If there is no harvest, the crop may crumble.

8. How are lentils removed?
If harvesting is done manually, then this should be when the seed moisture reaches 30%. When harvesting with the machine, the moisture content of the seeds should be at the level of 13-14%.

9. How to achieve good results of lentil harvest using all modern technologies as much as possible?
Mechanical sowing and harvesting of lentils will increase yields. At the same time, along with the resistance of lentils to cold weather in the direction of the development of winter sowing, it is important to improve the types of resistant to cold weather. Lentil is a type of plant that actively uses nitrogen (N) of the air and provides fertilization savings with less use of bacteria on seeds Rhizobium before sowing.

Chickpea
1 ... The need of Central Asia for Ukrainian chickpeas.
More than 90% of pea production is in Asia. But consumption in these countries is also higher. India uses more than 65% of production and is the largest sales market. Ukraine will be able to supply peas to the countries of Central Asia, India and Pakistan. But the production of chickpeas in Ukraine is low, which is almost zero. It is necessary to educate the people by distributing chickpeas, which are easy to grow.

2. State of the chickpea market: trends and prospects of production, export from Ukraine.
Ukraine is not abandoning the production of grain ( cereals a) crops have the ability to start chickpea production on an alternative field. Chickpea can be used as a new industry for Ukraine as it quickly and easily adapts to different environmental conditions and does not require special care. Along with the direction to the foreign market, it should create demand in the domestic market.
India provides some of its imports of chickpeas from countries like Canada, Iran and Australia. Ukraine should be directed to the production of chickpeas of the Desi type for this market Desi.

3. In which fields should chickpeas be planted?
Chickpeas do not require special growing conditions. Chickpeas can be grown even in conditions where wheat cannot be grown. Only air exchange and soil cultivation should be done well. On dense and very wet soil, the yield will decrease by a lot. The acidity of the soil should be between pH 6-9.

4. Harrowing of chickpea crops

1. Is it necessary or not?
2. Stages of harrowing crops.
3. Terms of harrowing crops.?
4. What is the best way to harrow crops.?
5. How effective is the harrowing of crops.?

One of the limiting factors for the yield of peas is the retardation during germination. For this, the preparation of the soil for seeds must be well done ( seed bed). For winter sowing, the field must be plowed with a plow ( plow) depth (15–20 cm), before sowing in the fall, disking ( disk harrowing) and looping. When sowing in the spring, it should be plowed up and disking and trailing before sowing should be done.

5. Weed control: Early stage of weed control, after chickpea emergence.
In the cultivation of chickpeas, weeds are the main problem. When sowing with sowing machines, plowing plays an important role in weed control. Along with this, chemicals such as prometrine (2-3 kg / ha), simazine ( simazine) 2 kg / ha and aretite ( aretit) 5 kg / ha in weed control.

6. How to minimize the impact of weeds on the chickpea yield.
In the fight against weeds, a large contribution to increasing yields is made by mechanical tillage of the soil 3 times after sowing at intervals of 30, 45 and 60 days, or 30 and 60 days. Application of chemicals is beneficial for use before sowing and during spatula emergence. If applied to the leaf after emergence there may be harmful effects.

7. System of protection of chickpea crops from diseases and pests
a) is it necessary to apply any fertilizers when sowing chickpea seeds?
b) what kind of fertilizers should be applied?
Provided that the bacteria of rhizobia ( Rhizobium) it will be enough to use 15 - 25 kg / ha of nitrogen (N) together with sowing. These volumes should be increased for spring sowing. If there is not enough phosphorus (P) in the soil, nitrogen production will decrease, even if there is enough bacteria in the soil. In this case, the use of 50 kg / ha of phosphorus fertilizer will increase the yield.

8. Technology of growing chickpeas in Turkey
In Turkey, chickpea sowing is usually done by hand. After sowing, the seeds are closed by slinging and cultivation. But despite the limited use of agricultural machinery, the yield in such cases is much higher. When sowing, small seeds are used in the amount of 80-120 kg / ha, large seeds 120-160 kg / ha. In Turkey, in cold regions, sowing is carried out in the spring. In the hot climatic zone of the Mediterranean Sea, sowing is carried out in the fall. Where winter sowing will be carried out, seeds are selected that are resistant to cold weather. In places where winter sowing is used, flowering and seed formation takes place in an appropriate environment, which increases yields.

9. How to increase the yield up to 5-7 tons per hectare?
In order to increase the yield by 5 - 7 tons / ha, species that are resistant to the cold of the regions and to anthracnose in the southern regions should be used. Before sowing, anti-weed drugs should be applied and, if possible, at least two works on weed control should be carried out in the first two months. The emergence of plants is important; therefore, it is important to thoroughly cultivate the soil before sowing. If the devices and machines are not sufficient, then the volume of the seed must be increased. The presence of the bacteria rhizobium ( Rhizobium) when sowing and harvesting, agricultural machinery should be used as much as possible. Especially when using a small variety like deshi.

It has a number of its advantages, since the cultivation of legumes is easy to care for, does not require large financial costs and has a long shelf life. Delicious and quite healthy beans have long been known to many people. Its homeland is India and the countries of Central and South America. The first mention of beans was in the middle of the sixteenth century in a famous book, where the author described plant species, while his knowledge was based on the stories of the inhabitants of the Aztec tribe.

But some historians claim that the ancient Greeks knew about beans, as they used its fruits to make flour, which local beauties used as powder.

Today growing beans as a business especially true for adherents of vegetarianism, since one hundred grams of the product contains about 8.4 grams of protein, and it is known that it is not enough for those people who have given up the use of dairy and meat products. In addition, the cultivation of beans is necessary, since it contains only 93 calories, and this makes it possible to classify it as a dietary product. The beans contain vitamins PP, C, B, potassium, zinc, iron, copper. Also, the cultivation of beans is in demand, since it is very useful for diseases of the bladder, kidneys, heart system, stomach, liver diseases.

It is worth noting that growing beans as a business is a very simple process that anyone can master. In our latitudes, as a rule, hulling or grain varieties are grown, from which a dry product is ultimately obtained. Growing beans can involve growing sugar and asparagus varieties using unripe shoulder beans.

The best thing grow legumes on neutral soil, where the pH level will not exceed 7. After applying organic fertilizers, it is necessary that at least 2-3 years have passed. It is necessary to protect the site from wind and cold. When growing beans, you can use the aisle in a barren orchard. Also, the cultivation of beans should take into account the fact that between harvests it takes a period of about 3-4 years. During this time, the site can be used for sowing cabbage, potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers.

Bean growing technology takes into account that before sowing, you need to fertilize the soil with mineral fertilizers, and the seeds must be soaked in a special solution of potassium permanganate and acidic potassium, then the seeds are washed and dried. Sowing care is quite simple: it will be enough to regularly weed the soil, water it, get rid of pests, and feed it with fertilizers. If there is a need, it is fashionable to thin out the rows and carefully transplant the seedlings.

Fruit harvesting should start a week later, after the first ovaries appear, and their size will reach 5-14 centimeters. The cultivation of beans necessarily includes harvesting, which must be done in several stages, depending on the rate of appearance of suitable beans. The required time interval between harvests is several days, this time is necessary in order for new fruits to appear. After harvesting is done, all the beans are sent to the canning factories, where they are processed.

Growing beans as a business - what you need to know

When looking to do a bean business, you must remember that beans are a heat-loving plant and cannot tolerate low temperatures. It is also worth noting that if the air temperature is low, the beans may not rise. She also doesn't like days that are too hot. When choosing a soil, it is better to focus on chernozem, sandy loam, loam options. Low-lying and swampy areas do not need to be chosen at all.

Growing beans as a business can bring you quite a good profit, where when choosing varieties, you should pay attention to the characteristics and the available soil.