Wood has been one of the main building materials. IN wooden house a special atmosphere is created, because wood is actually the only material that can “breathe”, as well as disinfect the air and maintain a favorable level of humidity.

That is why the decoration of such a house is made from environmentally friendly materials. pure materials. The floor in most cases is also wooden. Naturally, the question arises: what should be done in a wooden house so that they not only have a beautiful appearance, but also retained their natural qualities as much as possible.

Function of decorative wood floor covering

Wood in the interior always creates special comfort, which primarily applies to the floor, be it board or parquet. In addition, this floor is distinguished by reliability, durability, excellent thermal insulation and antistatic properties.

But, on the other hand, a wooden floor, due to its natural properties, has a number of disadvantages. These are low moisture resistance, flammability, a tendency to rot and a soft structure, due to which the coating wears out during use, scratches and dents appear on it, and under the influence of humidity and temperature changes the wood is deformed.

In fact, all floors, regardless of the type of wood, have these disadvantages, and therefore, when deciding what is in a wooden house, you need to think about how to choose a coating that will also protect them.

Today for high-quality finishing wooden floor, protection from external influences and increasing its durability, there are several types of coatings. These are transparent - varnishes, oils and waxes, as well as opaque - enamels and paints.

When choosing a coating, you should know that wood has different degrees of softness, and when deciding what is the best way to paint a wooden floor in a house, you should choose the one that best suits its characteristics.

Varnish coating

Modern varnishes protect wooden floors from mold, mildew, and insects, add shine to the surface and effectively reveal the natural texture.

Varnishes based on polyurethane or organic solvents emphasize the natural look, dry quickly and gain the necessary strength, but over time the wood may darken and acquire a yellowish tint.

Water-dispersion varnishes, while perfectly displaying and maintaining the natural color of wood, do not change its appearance at all. long-term operation. But they take much longer to dry, and gain strength no earlier than after 10 days.

When deciding how to paint the floors in a wooden house, you should know that varnishes are not used in cases where the floorboard has been impregnated with drying oil or other compounds containing oil. It is also not recommended to cover the floors in rooms with high humidity, or the porch outside the house,

Oil coating

Modern oil compositions for flooring contain natural oils (linseed, soybean) and this makes it possible to preserve wood well, increasing its wear resistance.

With the help of oils you can both preserve the natural color of wood and give it various shades. Depending on the color scheme of the interior, it is determined what color to paint the floor in a wooden house. So, with the help of oils the floor can be made white and even black. Give it yellowish, reddish, beige shade, up to deep brown color.

Compared to varnish, oil, penetrating through the pores of the wood, saturates it quite deeply. Despite the fact that protective film very thin, the floor coated with oil becomes wear-resistant and durable without losing its natural appearance.

But such a coating is not suitable for flooring in rooms where there is high humidity and temperature changes, and also as a finishing parquet or boards when installing a “warm floor” system.

Wax coating

Floor wax base - beeswax And linseed oil. Floors coated with it not only perfectly preserve the natural color and texture of the wood, but also acquire a silky-matte surface with a golden shimmer.

But when deciding how to paint the floors in a wooden house, you should take into account that, although they are moisture resistant, such floors are not resistant to abrasive and mechanical influences. In addition, they require constant care, which is expensive pleasure. Therefore, in residential premises, wax is used to cover the floor quite rarely.

Wood floor paints

In addition to the transparent coatings listed above, opaque ones are also widely used. These are paints that, completely covering the surface of the wood, hide its texture and give it any color.

To decide which paint to paint a wooden floor in a house, you need to know that the range is quite large, and each type has certain properties.

These can be enamels - oil, alkyd, pentaphthalic and nitrocellulose, as well as paints - acrylic, water-dispersion and latex.

Enamels have a wide range of colors, and after coating and completely dry floors form a durable film on the surface (glossy or matte), thanks to which it becomes resistant to moisture and temperature changes. But depending on the type, enamel takes quite a long time to dry, up to 36 hours.

As for everyone, they are used very widely, since they create a wear-resistant coating, and the color range includes more than 2000 colors.

New wooden floor

A new floor that has never been painted before does not require preliminary preparation and cleaning of old coating. There is room for your imagination to run wild here. When deciding how to paint a new wooden floor in your home, you should start from your tastes and interior features.

If you want to completely recreate the atmosphere wooden house and preserve the color and texture of wood, then preference should be given to transparent coatings.

If the interior design involves specific color floors, you can choose tinted varnishes or opaque coatings.

To flooring material made of wood has served for a long time, maintaining its freshness and beauty, it must be protected from water, pollution, etc. For this, a whole range of paints and varnishes is used construction chemicals. Without knowing the specifics of these compounds, you will not be able to properly paint the wooden floors in your house.

Paints and varnishes for woodworking

Wood is used to decorate all available surfaces: floors, walls, ceilings, furniture and even lamps. Manufacturing giants such as Henkel, Caparol, Tikkurila and others share protective equipment depending on the scope of application. Thus, for ceiling and wall structures, the vapor permeability of the material and resistance to crumbling are important; for floor structures, high resistance to abrasion and impact loads is important.

There is another important factor – the area of ​​operation. That is, outside or indoors. Mixtures for outdoor use have a more complex composition, as they must withstand severe climatic changes: repeated frosts, prevent capillary suction, especially at the ends, and so on. But since we are interested in processing a wooden floor indoors, we will talk about paintwork materials for interior work.

So, household protective coatings for solid wood floors, panel parquet, parquet or engineered boards are divided into 3 categories:

1. Parquet varnishes;
2. Oils and waxes for wooden floor coverings.

Let's look at each series separately.

They are film-forming compositions with decorative and protective properties. Enamels compositions are usually complex and contain many basic and additional components, additives, and additives. The properties and quality of the material depend mainly on basics and the degree of its purification.

There are three varieties:

• Mineral oils- modified drying oil various brands or petroleum products. Oil paint is dense, heavy, with a strong chemical smell, easy to separate and mix back. The compositions, as a rule, are not transparent and can withstand several freezing cycles. Enamel goes best with metal, but can be used on concrete or wooden structures. Fits perfectly on hardware, suitable for concrete and wood. It is allowed to use paint in heated and unheated rooms with mandatory forced ventilation.
• Solvents- complex compounds obtained during the process of oil refining (acetone, ethyl acetate, etc.) As a result of mixing the chemical and cellulose ether resins, well-known nitrocellulose enamels and others are obtained. They have a strong toxic odor and high thixotropy. They dry quickly enough, forming a dense film that is resistant to abrasion. It is not recommended to paint wooden floors in residential areas with these compounds, as the smell disappears completely after 1-3 months.

• Polymer resins– high-molecular synthetic compounds (alkyd, acrylic, polyurethane). They are used for the production of paints of the same name, and are most often used as solvents. process water without impurities, less often - acetone and other components. Water-based enamels have a slight odor, are easy to mix, and special additives are added for frost resistance. The film is quite dense, but thin, since the compositions have good spreadability. Because of this, paints are applied in at least 2 layers. Acrylic compositions are recommended for use inside heated rooms, but polyurethane and alkyd enamels Can also be used in unheated houses.

Safe acrylic or polyurethane paints on water based cannot be applied over old solvent-based enamels due to unpredictable chemical reaction components.

All enamels are tinted, that is, they are either painted in a certain color in production, or the buyer can add pigments at home.

To obtain a thin enamel film on the surface of the floor covering, use a metal spatula or a pneumatic spray gun. A thicker layer is formed when working with a roller or brush.

Parquet varnishes

They are classified as complex solutions, including:

• Film-forming resins or bitumen components;
• Organic or synthetic solvents;
• Additives and additives (plasticizers, curing inhibitors and promoters, pigments and much more.

After application, varnish mixtures polymerize, resulting in a transparent or slightly cloudy film that does not hide the structure of the wood, but rather emphasizes it, adding depth and texture. Tinting compositions look especially impressive, allowing you to get rich red merbau, chocolate wenge, etc. from ordinary beech or pine.

They form a transparent or translucent film with a tinting effect on the surface, emphasizing the texture of the wood, especially highlighting its beauty and aesthetics. For the convenience of customers, most manufacturers provide sellers with special paint stands that show the shade of wood under colored varnish in 2 or 3 layers. Pine is most often used as bars, so when choosing, you need to take into account the species for which the composition is selected.

Parquet varnishes are produced only on the basis of various synthetic resins - alkyd, urethane-alkyd, polyurethane, acrylic, acrylic-polyurethane, etc. The film has good abrasion and water resistance, so this type of composition is used both in everyday life and for commercial and sports coatings.

Let us remind you that oil and cellulose ether compositions belong to the furniture category. For floors, this type of varnish is used very rarely due to its low resistance to abrasion and impact loads, temperature and humidity changes.

Varnishes also vary in gloss level (% reflection luminous flux): from mirror-glossy to deeply matte. The easiest way to determine what you need is by looking at the samples at the paint stand - almost all manufacturers provide sellers with similar accessories.

Oils and waxes for wooden floors

Compositions of natural and synthetic fat-containing components are very popular among buyers. Designed for rubbing into the surface of wood, it does not create a film, but simply clogs the pores. The floor receives a kind of barrier that prevents contamination of the wood, its swelling from contact with water, and, when using hard waxes, rapid abrasion and loss of color. The surface is smooth, warm, and pleasant to the touch - many buyers choose oil-wax mixtures for these qualities.

Exist:

• Oil-containing primers quick-drying. Available in water-soluble, alcohol-based and solvent-based. Some products may contain fungicidal, water-repellent and other additives. Due to the liquid structure, they are applied easily and evenly.
• Decorative with tinting effect. They are formed on the basis of natural vegetable waxes and oils with the addition of pigments that give the wood various shades, from classic natural to exotic.
• Decorative and protective compositions. These are multi-component compounds with a denser, wear-resistant structure. They produce matte and glossy oils, waxes and complex (oils with hard waxes). Suitable for finishing wooden and cork floors, are absorbed deep into the wood - up to 5 mm. Advantages: hypoallergenic and can be repainted in any color.

The main disadvantage of fat-containing compositions is that they wear off over time - within 1-3 years. Therefore, the surface needs frequent treatment and renewal of protection.

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How to paint a wooden floor has great importance. After all, temperature and humidity are important here. environment. It's one thing to paint on open veranda. And a completely different question is in the garage.

Today we’ll talk about how to paint a wooden floor. You can also learn a lot from the video in this article. additional information, which will help you do everything efficiently.

Preparation

All work can be completely done with your own hands. After all, this will be the key to the quality of the work. And the price will then be significantly lower. The main thing in this matter is consistency. The instructions will be as follows.

Attention: if this is the floor on a balcony or gazebo, then Special attention pay attention to impregnations that will provide protection when exposed to a humid environment.

New floor

Painting a new floor won't be that difficult. There is no need to remove old dyes here.

So:

• First of all, we putty the plane (see How to putty wood: materials, tools, process technology). We need to seal all the holes and irregularities. To do this, we use wood putty. It is advisable to take it with deep penetration.
• We are waiting for it to dry completely.
• Now you need to walk along the plane with sandpaper and smooth out the unevenness.

Attention: If you have a large surface, then it is better to take a grinding machine for this, then you will quickly get the job done and with high quality.

• Before you begin covering a new wooden floor with special protective and decorative agents, carefully inspect it for protruding nails and screws above the surface of the boards. They should be absorbed a few millimeters deep into the board.
• Then cover their caps with wood putty or sealant.

Painting a wooden floor is a fairly common process. This kind of covering could also be seen in almost every house or apartment, since there was simply no other material for flooring. Now it can be found in those homes where they care about its environmental friendliness. The wooden floor also gives the house additional coziness.

This article will outline the technology for painting a wooden floor. You can also see everything clearly in the video in this article.

Painting a wooden floor yourself

Painting a wooden floor is not difficult, you just need to do everything according to the rules and adhere to the required technology. The instructions below will help you do everything correctly and efficiently. If you paint a wooden floor with your own hands, then the final price will not be significant; you will only spend money on materials.

Attention: Many experts believe that a plank floor coated with paint or varnish will last much longer than one without any coating.

Some owners think that painting wood floors is very simple and requires no skill. But purchasing paint and tools isn't all you need to get started. All stages of preparing the floor for painting and the painting itself must be performed correctly, otherwise flooring will be spoiled and cash wasted.

We select materials

To start working you need to prepare following materials and tools:

• Wooden slats;
• Dye;
• Solvent.

Putties for repair work on wooden floors

In order to seal holes and cracks in the floor, you will need several different putties.

They are different in structure, and this must be taken into account when choosing:

• Oil putty It contains glue that is sifted from chalk, drying oil and drier. Despite the fact that the drier is a substance that allows the putty to dry quickly, it takes quite a long time to dry compared to other types. Its main advantages are reliability and durability.
• Acrylic putty made from barite, talc, ocher and white. Its advantage is that it perfectly covers cracks, makes smooth surface and dries very quickly. This putty is good for those who want to level the walls. For greater reliability, before sealing the crack, it is necessary to clean, wash and dry.
• Homemade putty Suitable for regular wooden plank floors. It is made from glue and sawdust from wood. This putty dries quickly. It is easy to apply and level the surface with it. Another advantage homemade putty is its durability.

Primer

Painting the floor in a wooden house is done after applying primer; it will enhance adhesion and extend the service life of the coating. Important materials are drying oil and primer. They are needed to saturate the plank floor and also to protect it from insects.

• First decide what you will paint with. If it is a colorless varnish, then the primer should not have any color. Otherwise it will be difficult to match the color.
• If you have chosen a paint, then you should study the instructions for it. After all, some manufacturers offer soil of the same brand. He will suit best way.
• It is also worth using a spray bottle to apply the primer. After all, then you will not have drips and the coating will be uniform.

Wood floor paint

Usually, when painting wooden floors, owners give preference to special enamel paints or varnish. If you have chosen what you will use to paint the surface, you can proceed to the selection required material. Currently on construction markets and exists in stores a large number of various types paints.

To do right choice, you need to know by what parameters it is selected:

• Humidity of rooms where the floor will be covered with paint;
• General condition of the floor and boards, their type;
• The level of load placed on the floor covering.

You need to select a dye based on the parameters of use:

• Commonly used for painting plank floors Oil paint. Many years of experience its application shows that it is wear-resistant and inexpensive material. Its only drawback is that it takes a very long time to dry.
• Enamel paint, on the contrary, is considered quick-drying. It gives smoothness to the surface to be coated. The cost of such paint is slightly higher than oil paint.
• Another product that is used to impregnate the floor is alkyd and acrylic lacquer on a water-soluble basis. More often it is used to cover completely new boards or cleared of the old layer of wood. The drawing becomes clearer and brighter.

One can of paint will not be enough if the surface area is quite large. Therefore, it is first necessary to calculate the amount of material consumed.

• For convenience, some manufacturers indicate on paint cans the approximate consumption per square meter of plank flooring. If such data is not available, then you can do the calculation yourself, taking into account that approximately 250 grams of paint per layer is required per square meter.
• If you plan to cover the floor with two or more layers of paint, then you need to purchase 1.7 times more paint than material for one layer. This is due to the fact that more paint is spent on the first layer than on the next ones.
• Another point that you should pay attention to when choosing a painting material is the paint lot number. To ensure that the color does not differ, it must be the same on all cans purchased. In a store, the subtle differences in color may not be noticeable, but at home it can show up in the multi-colored surface of the floors.

Preparing the floor for painting

Preparing a wood floor for painting is quite a process. important point. At this point you will prepare the plane. Not just the appearance, but also the durability of the coating will largely depend on the quality of the work.

Preparing the old floor

To restore an old floor that has been painted several times before, you need to work hard and remove all layers of paint down to the base (see How to remove old paint from wood without problems).

• First, you need to remove the baseboards so that their presence does not interfere with work in the future.
• Second, nail those nails or other board fastenings to the joists that may have become higher than the floor level over the years. Otherwise, they will make further painting work difficult.
• Now we are deciding how to remove the old paint from a wooden floor, if the floor was previously covered with one layer of paint, then it can be removed grinder. Such devices are belt, disk and eccentric. You can rent a car in hardware store or call a specialist to do this work, who has his own equipment. This cleaning method will remove old paint from the boards and renew them, as well as level them and make them smooth.
• A multi-layer floor must be cleaned of paint using a special construction hair dryer. It will heat the layer further old paint can be easily removed using a spatula or scraper.
• Manual Sander will clean completely old surface floor.
• If you need to align the joints of the plank floor with each other, you can use a sanding machine.
• Dust and debris remaining after the grinding procedure must be removed from the surface. A construction vacuum cleaner is suitable for this.
• The next thing to do is to seal all the gaps between the boards. You can fill them with putty. It will level them and make the floor level.
• For wide cracks you need wooden slats. They should be wedge-shaped, narrow at the bottom and wide at the top. They are first coated along the entire length with a layer of glue or putty and driven into the gap.
• A plane will be needed to plan the slats protruding above the floor after the glue has completely dried.
• When the glue on the surface has completely dried, it is necessary to carry out control grinding to smooth out the remaining irregularities. After this, you need to remove the remaining debris and dust.
• The next step is to treat with hot drying oil or primer. Ready-made impregnations are suitable for this, since they immediately solve two problems: they have antiseptic properties and also smooth the surface, which will make it easier to apply paint on it. Allow the material applied to the floor to dry.

Preparing the new floor

If we talk about a new plank surface, it is usually laid closely, and there are no gaps between the boards:

• But even such a new floor needs varnishing and sanding. This is necessary to make the floor surface look more beautiful and completely smooth.
• After this, the floor is covered with hot drying oil or antiseptic and allowed to dry. It is believed that it is better to coat new boards with two layers of primer.
• The first layer is almost completely absorbed into the boards, and the second will make the surface optimal for painting.

During construction own home or repairing an existing one, the owner has a lot of questions. Floors are a very loaded structure, so you should pay attention to their finishing. A wise choice of what to paint a wooden floor with will help minimize further cosmetic repairs and the costs for them. An important component of the issue is also aesthetic perception. High quality painting impossible without a certain knowledge base.

Tools for getting the job done

Materials and tools for priming and painting wood floors

All necessary equipment should be prepared in advance. Do-it-yourself painting in a private house requires:

1. Set of paint brushes with different widths . To properly paint the floor, it is better to use flat brushes. The presence of tools of various widths will allow you to efficiently paint edges, corners, baseboards and other hard-to-reach areas of the floor.
2. Roller. A wide tool will allow you to paint the main part of the floor surface in a short time. A roller with a short pile will make the surface smooth, so it should be preferred when doing DIY home repairs. Roller with long pile will make the surface rough and uneven.
3. Paint tray. It is needed for ease of applying paint to the roller. It is problematic to do this directly from the jar. The tray has a beveled, embossed bottom, which makes it easier to remove excess paint from the tool.
4. Chisels and spatulas. The tool is necessary for removing small unevenness of the wooden floor in the house with your own hands. To fill cracks or cracks, you will need a spatula.
5. Masking tape. The tape is designed to protect surfaces that cannot be painted. Allows you to define a clear boundary and simplify your work.

Selecting paint type

The choice of paint for a wooden floor depends on durability, aesthetics and resistance to negative influences

Painting a wooden floor requires careful attention to the choice of material. The main requirements for floor paint include:

• resistance to mechanical damage;
• chemical resistance;
• resistance to abrasive wear;
• aesthetic appearance.

When choosing paint you need to pay attention to:

• operating conditions of the floor (floors in the kitchen and living room require different types coatings);
• compatibility of the paint with the previously applied layer;
• floorboard material ( conifers or deciduous);
• the surface is painted for the first time or again.

There are several types of paints:

1. Transparent coatings. This group includes transparent varnishes, protective glazes and various impregnating coatings. Repeated treatment is required every 2-3 years. The compositions allow you to remove excess moisture made of wood, protect it from exposure to ultraviolet radiation and prevent aging. There are coatings with the addition of colored pigments that make it possible to give the surface an aesthetic appearance by fully revealing the wood structure.
2. Opaque coatings. This name hides paints that can completely cover the wooden floor in the house and give it a different color. The composition protects the surface from harmful effects environment and extends the life of the floor covering.

Transparent coatings

This group is very extensive and includes:

A transparent primer removes excess moisture from wood and protects it from negative impact

1. Varnishes for priming. Used when applying the base coat of varnish. The purpose of using such compounds when painting yourself is to increase adhesion finishing coating, tinting the floor, preventing wood fibers from separating from the surface and raising them. In addition, when painting rare wood floors, it is also recommended to treat the surface with a primer.
2. Stains (impregnation varnishes). Purpose – protection from the effects of harmful microorganisms leading to wood destruction. Prevents the appearance of mold or mildew.
3. Acid curing varnishes. They are applied without a primer layer because they have a high degree of adhesion to wooden surface. They do not cause any difficulties when painting and give the wood a pleasant natural look.
4. Polyurethane waterless varnishes. They have increased resistance to mechanical stress. IN home are ideal for use in corridors and other high-traffic areas.
5. Water-based varnishes. Compositions with low strength but high fire resistance. Requires preliminary priming of the floor surface. Another advantage is that water-based varnishes have less strong smell than everyone else.
6. Alkyd varnishes. Contains artificial resins. Penetrate the wood structure and give it color. Difficult to apply and least wear-resistant. The advantage is that such compositions are characterized by the absence of adhesive properties.
7. Oils for impregnation. They protect the tree from harmful influences and make it resistant to mold and mildew. Impregnation can be of varying degrees of penetration, more liquid formulations penetrate deeper. Does not form a hard film on the surface.
8. Wax. Extends service life. Becomes the final stage for parquet or expensive wood species. Requires constant updating of the coating.

All of the above coatings are designed primarily to preserve wood and its natural appearance.

Opaque coatings

This group includes two types of coatings.

1. Dispersive acrylic paints . Their advantages include: ease of application, vapor permeability, high degree of protection for the wooden floor, wide color scheme, long term services. If you choose the right paint, it can last up to 10 years.
2. Enamels. The surface treated with such compounds is resistant to moisture, so it is ideal for treating floors in the kitchen and other rooms with a risk of water getting on the floor. The disadvantages of such compositions are that during operation they release toxic substances into the air and have a long drying time.

Choice depending on the origin of the wood

It is important for soft wood species to select compounds with high resistance to mechanical damage. For example, pine is often used for construction, which requires a durable coating.

When choosing paint, you need to pay attention to the density of the floorboard material. The higher this value, the more resistant to damage the wood is.

When buying paint, it is also important to pay attention to the fact that it all comes from the same batch. To do this, before purchasing, calculate required quantity and provide a small reserve.