Today, almost every second family living in urban or suburban housing has its own car. Therefore, it is not surprising that garages are very popular. Moreover, in Lately Garages for 2 cars have become especially in demand. They allow you to reliably protect cars from all weather conditions and thieves.

However, it must be taken into account that when constructing them, a number of requirements and features must be observed.

Peculiarities

A good garage for 2 cars is quite difficult to build. You can safely compare it with building a house. After all, when designing it, it is necessary to comply with all standards and norms, plus there are also some peculiar nuances. A garage for several cars will be especially relevant for owners of country cottages.

Despite the significant costs of building a double parking lot, many people will like it. After all, it will allow the garage to be used not only by the owners of the house, but also by their guests. This is especially true in not very good weather.

A two-car garage has some advantages over a regular garage:

• firstly, it requires less building materials than the construction of two separate garages;
• secondly, communications are carried out once;
• thirdly, if there are two cars in a family, then they are both protected.

When designing a double garage, strength must be taken into account. After all, the building will not only accommodate two cars. It will also be necessary to allocate space for storing spare parts, tools, equipment and other things. It is necessary to think in advance whether it will be equipped with a jib crane, or whether it will contain various cylinders, flammable and explosive gases.

And also, before starting design, you should clearly understand how you plan to use the garage, how the structure can be improved in the future, for example, expanded or an attic added. When building a garage in a garage cooperative, it is imperative to collect information about neighboring buildings, in particular, what their foundations are made of.

The garage must have an inspection hole with stationary lamps. Standard size pits - 0.9x4 meters. This size of the pit will allow you to carry out car repairs conveniently and safely. It is worth considering that in a garage for two cars it is better to move the inspection hole relative to the gate. You can make a garage with a separate access to the basement to make it more convenient to store gasoline, tires, and so on.

It is important that the building has good air exchange through forced or natural supply and exhaust ventilation. It is best to opt for axial fan with a power of 80-100 W. You should also ensure that there are check valves in the fan.

A quality foundation in a garage is very important. Moreover, it is necessary to take into account the climate of the area and the characteristics of the soil. Walls are erected only after the foundation has completely settled. The roof of the garage must be chosen so that it reliably protects from any vagaries of the weather.

It would be useful to think in advance about what equipment will be in the garage. After all, some devices are powered by 380 V, which means you will need to install a transformer. It is also important take care of lighting in the garage, which should be both ceiling and wall.

A 2-car garage can be equipped with one or two doors. A particularly important point in this matter is correct installation gate Otherwise, they will become distorted and difficulties will arise during use.

And the garage can also be equipped with heating to make it more comfortable to repair your car during the cold season. Often used heating system or common with the house. The type of heating is selected based on the location of the garage relative to the house.

The location for the building for storing cars is selected based on:

• from the depth of groundwater and communications;
• soil moisture and flowability, its freezing depth;
• terrain of the earth (preferably flat terrain);
• convenience of the access road.

Construction materials

Often a garage for two cars is built with capital or frame method. At capital structure concrete or brick is used. This method is characterized by high labor intensity, the use of heavy equipment and individual skill. However, recently, frame garages, as well as buildings made of aerated concrete and foam blocks, are gaining increasing popularity.

To better understand which material is better to choose, it is worth taking a closer look at the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

Frame

For frame construction, standard components and parts are used. Mainly when frame construction assembly work is being carried out. Among the advantages of frame garages, the first thing worth noting is their light weight, since they do not have a concrete foundation. Moreover, most of the work can be done independently.

For frame garage most often use floating or columnar foundation, less often - belt with a depth of about 40 centimeters.

The advantages of a frame building also include the use of mostly natural environmentally friendly materials, simplicity and speed of construction, the ability to perform work at any time of the year.

Brick

Brick garages are one of the most popular nowadays. Of course, the main disadvantage of such a garage is its heavy weight. Must be used for brick structures strip foundation depth from 0.6 to 1.2 meters. Moreover, its width must be at least 0.4 meters. To give the foundation greater strength, additional reinforcement or rubble stone is used.

It should be borne in mind that it takes about three weeks for the concrete mixture to completely harden. To speed up the drying process, special additives can be added. To avoid cracks, the foundation should be periodically wetted and covered with a tarpaulin. Moreover, the base of the foundation needs insulation and waterproofing.

The thickness of the masonry walls is usually chosen to be one and a half bricks. Steel reinforcing bars are used to strengthen the wall at every fourth or fifth course of bricks. They are laid in horizontal seams. Vertical reinforcement is used to strengthen corners with protrusions.

From foam blocks

Garages made of foam blocks retain heat well, are quick and easy to build, and do not require a heavy foundation. At the same time, the walls, despite their low weight, have good sound insulation, increased frost resistance and are fire and moisture resistant. Foam blocks are a bioresistant material and are environmentally friendly. Among the advantages of this material, its low cost should also be noted.

Despite a large number of advantages, this material also has a number of disadvantages. The most important of them is the fragility of foam blocks; they easily chip. In second place is the possible shrinkage of the walls if a lot of moisture penetrates inside. And also walls made of foam blocks need finishing. A In order to hang something on such a wall, you will need special fasteners.

From aerated concrete

Garages made from aerated concrete blocks are lightweight, which eliminates the need for a massive foundation. And such blocks are distinguished by their durability, environmental friendliness, heat and sound insulation. In addition, aerated concrete is resistant to high temperatures and is fireproof. It is quite easy to build from aerated concrete, as well as subsequently to operate it.

Like every material, aerated concrete also has some disadvantages. For example, if you leave the building without exterior finishing, then it will be very raw inside. This is due to the high hygroscopicity of gas blocks. Aerated concrete blocks require special plaster, not cement and sand. The main disadvantages also include the fragility of the blocks and the need to use special fasteners for placing heavy things on the walls.

Dimensions

When designing a two-car garage, you should first look at the regulations. According to them, the dimensions of a parking space for one car should be as follows:

• length- from 5.5 meters;
• width- from 2.3 meters;
• height- from 2.2 meters, but it is worth considering the height of the car.

When choosing minimum size buildings for 2 cars, it should be taken into account that the distance from the side surfaces must be at least 50 centimeters.

When calculating the height of the garage, you need to consider how comfortable it will be to be in it. In order for the height to be as comfortable as possible, it is worth taking the height of yourself tall man in the family and add another 0.5 meters to it. When calculating the size of a garage for two cars, it is also important to take into account that in the future a car with different dimensions will be purchased. And also in the calculations it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the walls and blind area. This is also necessary to determine the external boundaries of the structure.

In a garage for two cars The length of the entrance should be approximately 5.5 meters. For example, the average sedan is 1.7 meters wide and 4.5 meters long. Thus, the width of the building for two cars will be at least 3.4 meters. When making calculations, it is worth taking into account how the space around the car will be organized so that it is convenient for passengers and the driver to get in or out of it.

The amount of space available for a car with the doors open is approximately ten to fifteen centimeters. To measure the length, you should take a margin of one to one and a half meters.

When planning a garage project, it is worth considering what else will be done with it, for example, a workshop, an attic. In this case, the dimensions should be significantly increased. But it would also be useful to take into account the need for space for storing spare parts and tools. The optimal area for a garage for two cars is 50 m²..

Project

The garage construction project will clarify many issues. It is especially necessary for a two-car garage. When creating a project, a construction plan is drawn up and its cost is estimated.

It is worth noting that careful planning and design will allow you to build garage building With minimal costs. In addition, the garage project will make it possible to wisely distribute the work if the construction is not carried out with one’s own hands.

As for the design options for modern garages, there are many of them. Starting from standard one-story garages with inspection hole, basement or shed and ending with two-story options with a second residential floor. A garage building can also be equipped with workshops, storage facilities, recreation rooms, guest rooms, billiard rooms and other additional premises.

Designing a garage for two cars can be done either independently or using a ready-made option. Among the projects, you can choose both standard ones, of which there are a huge number, and individual ones from the architect.

Zones

The desired zones should be included in the project in advance. After all, the garage space is often not limited to just parking for cars. A small but very important landing area should be provided.

Often the garage has a workshop area. It should at least represent a place reserved for storing tools and spare parts. Often, for ease of use, the garage is equipped not only with an inspection hole, but also with a lift. All this must be foreseen during planning.

If there is a utility block during the construction, then its area should also be taken into account. Having thought in advance how the entrance to it will be organized (from the garage or from the street). The residential floor in the garage is most often made the second, and it is also worth providing a convenient entrance to it. Recreation areas are also quite often provided in advance.

Thus, if you take care of zoning the garage space in advance, you can get not only a functional, but also a cozy and pleasant space.

Examples of buildings

Among the examples of garage buildings, there are quite interesting modern options that deserve attention.

• Garage for two cars made of foam blocks measuring 6x11 meters with economic block . For this building, the foundation was chosen monolithic slab, and for walls - foam blocks. The garage roof is made of roof trusses, and metal tiles were chosen as the roof. The walls of the garage are lined with brick. As for the gates, they are made automatic sectional. The utility block is made in the same style as the garage. The only thing that makes it stand out is its height. The entrance to the utility block is made from the street and from the garage, which makes it even more convenient to use.

• Garage for two cars 7x13 meters with a residential floor and utility block. For this construction it was used monolithic foundation and walls made of foam blocks 2 centimeters thick. Moreover, the walls are insulated. The roof is made gable with a slope angle of 25 degrees. Metal tiles are used as roofing. The walls are finished with imitation timber, which makes them more comfortable. Gate to this garage made automatic roll. In this project, the garage occupies a smaller area than the residential floor with utility parts. It is made compactly with convenient entry. There is no entrance to the utility room directly from the garage. However, from the outside it is covered by a canopy hanging over the first floor, where the utility part is actually located. The residential floor is made second.

This layout is ideal for a small summer cottage where there is no desire or opportunity to build a large residential building. Everything you need for life is conveniently combined with the garage and does not take up much space.

• Garage for two cars frame 6x10 meters with attic space is also interesting option. A monolithic slab is used as the foundation. Frame walls sheathed on one side with OSB. A wooden staircase leads from the garage to the attic. Flexible tiles act as a garage roof.

As for the exterior decoration of the building, it is represented by siding and decorative stone. The garage windows are glazed with plastic double-glazed windows.

The gates in this project are automatic roller gates. The appearance of such a garage is very simple, but at the same time it is spacious inside, and there is a place not only for storing and repairing the car, but also for relaxation. This option will become great solution as for suburban area, and for the garage community.

WITH I my And cellar has obvious advantages. They consist in acquiring additional space intended for storing certain things, items, and supplies for the winter.

IN basement you can remove things that are rarely used, and thrifty owners will be happy to store seams, pickles, as well as vegetables and fruits there, some of which can easily lie there all winter. It is clear that an impressive amount of supplies, designed for several months, simply will not fit in the refrigerator.

Lovers of natural healthy eating They will certainly appreciate the possibilities of a cellar, cellar, or vegetable pit.

When should you think about creating?

To ensure that food is not exposed to dampness, it is important to carefully consider ventilation. The simplest and affordable option– a basic hood that will promptly remove exhaust air flows and free the room from mustiness.

In addition, you can choose fans, forcibly creating fresh air flows in the room. Some car enthusiasts, especially those who care about the safety of their products, prefer to combine both options. Others choose more economical and affordable solutions.

In principle, you can get by with natural ventilation using hoods, which will be protected by a special mesh and to which the heated air will rise. But natural the hood operates depending on weather conditions and temperature differences, so forced ventilation is still preferable.

Conclusion

Construction costs, of course, will be determined by the financial capabilities of the owners. You can create a high-quality structure using concrete blocks and involving professional construction crew and specialized lifting equipment.

However, this may come at a cost. Most car enthusiasts strive to cope on our own and make do with the most minimal costs, and this option can be called the most appropriate. The main thing is that the resulting structure ultimately absolutely corresponds to the existing needs and set goals and objectives.

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High or bulk cellar

1. approximately 3.5 meters wide;
2. up to 4 meters long.

1. up to 8 meters wide;
2. up to 24 meters long;

The types of warehouses are:

• Stationary. Serve up to 8 years.
• Collapsible

• Pos. 1 – bins.
• Pos. 2 – soil boning.
• Pos. 5 – hole with a door.

• The roof is constructed from planks.

• Ventilation is being built (see Ventilation in the cellar: doing it right

• The turf layer is removed.

1. expanded clay;
2. small gravel;
3. coarse sand.

1. expanded clay;
2. Styrofoam;

• How to make a hole in the cellar correctly: internal and external.

Wall cellar

1. baked brick;
2. monolithic concrete.

1. croaker;
2. any clay;
3. roofing material in two layers.

Constructing a storage shed on your site for storing vegetables is a guarantee of quality food storage all year round. => Labaz Do-It-Yourself: Detailed Construction Guide => => publish => open => closed => => labaz-svoimi-rukami-245 => => => 2019-04-17 15:36:32 => 2019-04-17 11:36:32 => => 0 =>?p=4061 => 0 => post => => 8 => raw =>)) => 1 => -1 => => WP_Post Object ( => 4061 => 2 => 2016-05-07 12:16:56 => 2016-05-07 08:16:56 => Storehouse on a summer cottage Vegetable storehouse - a type of earthen above ground cellar, which is located in low-lying and waterlogged areas, where the construction of a dry-type storage facility is impossible due to the presence of high levels groundwater. By appearance A storage shed is a hut covered with turf, with a small hatch door, maintaining a constant temperature inside the structure of about 2-3 degrees. This article will tell you how to build a vegetable shed with your own hands.

Features and types of storage sheds for storing vegetables

A raised or bulk cellar can be built on any site, and it can be beautifully decorated, which will make the area more attractive and original. When constructing a storage shed great importance has the right choice of location. Construction must be carried out in a dry, preferably elevated, place where the groundwater level below the bottom of the storage facility is at least 50 centimeters.

Tip: If the water is located very close, it is necessary to create a cushion under the bottom of the storage for vegetables, which includes sand and gravel. Such drainage will prevent water from seeping into the room.

The optimal sizes for a vegetable storehouse are:

• The height of the structure in the middle part is up to two meters so that vegetables cannot freeze.
• For private areas, storage is selected:

1. approximately 3.5 meters wide;
2. up to 4 meters long.

• For commercial storage facilities, warehouses are built:

1. up to 8 meters wide;
2. up to 24 meters long;
3. the passages are approximately 0.7 meters wide; the presence of one or two passages depends on the size of the cellar.

The types of warehouses are:

• Stationary. Serve up to 8 years.
• Collapsible. Can serve up to 10 years. Such structures are erected in the fall and dismantled next year in the spring. This makes annual cleaning and subsequent disinfection of the vegetable storage area easier.

Advice: The area on which the vegetable storehouse previously stood must be disinfected each time after it is dismantled. In this case, the soil is dug up to a depth of approximately 30 centimeters and generously spilled with a 5% solution of copper sulfate.

How to build a storage shed with embankment

Such a structure is the simplest, resembling an ordinary hut; logs or boards are used for its construction.

Tip: It is not necessary to buy new materials; previously used building materials can be found on each site.

Scheme of construction of a vegetable storehouse According to the scheme:

• Pos. 1 – bins.
• Pos. 2 – soil boning.
• Pos. 3 – coating with roofing felt.
• Pos. 4 – lathing from boards, rafters.
• Pos. 5 – hole with a door.

Instructions for constructing such a cellar include:

• Logs with a diameter of up to 25 centimeters are sanded.
• They are coated with a bitumen composition or fired to a height of approximately 60 centimeters, which will double the duration of its operation.
• With the processed edge, the blanks are dug into the ground along the entire perimeter of the building.
• The upper ends of the elements are securely connected to each other by long poles, which makes it possible to obtain a solid structure.
• The lathing is made from the “slab”.
• The roof is constructed from planks.
• The structure is covered with roofing felt, which creates fairly reliable waterproofing.
• Thermal insulation is installed. For this:

1. the end side is sewn up with two rows of boards;
2. Roofing material is laid between them.

• The roof is covered or embanked with peat soil, which retains heat well.
• Any creeping or low-growing plants can be sown on it.
• An entrance is made with a canopy and an insulated door.

Tip: The entrance to the storehouse must be on the north side.

• To protect against water entering the cellar, a shallow ditch is dug around the entire perimeter.
• Ventilation is being built (see Ventilation in the cellar: doing it right). A wooden box is used for the hood; the hood is adjusted by a valve and two pipes:

1. exhaust located under the ceiling;
2. inlet, is located 45 centimeters higher than the floor level.

The optimal dimensions of a storage shed with embankment will be 4x8 meters, and its service life is approximately 10 years.

Tip: The edges of the roof should reach the very ground. Such a constructed cellar should resemble a hut in appearance. And when snow falls in winter, it will be a natural insulation.

How to build a cellar without embankment

Storage shed without embankment When constructing such a cellar, the following sequence of work must be observed:

• Marking of the future building is being carried out.
• The turf layer is removed.
• A hole is dug up to 60 centimeters deep.
• The earth is collected in one heap for further use.
• The site is leveled and thoroughly compacted.
• A drainage pillow is installed. For this we use:

1. expanded clay;
2. small gravel;
3. coarse sand.

This creates the necessary waterproofing in the storage shed:

• Protection against the penetration of rodents is created: a layer approximately 12 centimeters thick of well-soaked and thoroughly kneaded clay is laid out on the pillow.
• Red bricks are placed flat into the mixture with a small gap between them.
• Bricks for the side walls are laid out - placed on edge. To bind the elements, a mixture consisting of sand, lime and clay is used. The laying should be done above the ground level by one spade bayonet.
• The ceiling and walls are made from fairly thick boards, 40 - 50 millimeters thick. The elements are sewn in two rows, with thermal insulation material placed between them:

1. expanded clay;
2. Styrofoam;

• The structure is sheathed with roofing felt, which avoids drafts in the vegetable storehouse.
• On the end side of such a cellar there is an entrance or hole with two doors (see How to make a hole in a cellar correctly): internal and external.

Tip: When severe frosts Insulation must be laid between the doors. To improve the thermal insulation of the storage facility, it is necessary to build small vestibule. A ventilation pipe is also installed here.

• A roof is erected: single or gable, made of slate or roofing felt.
• A drainage ditch up to 50 centimeters deep is dug along the entire perimeter of the building and a blind area one meter wide is installed with a slope from the storage facility, which will prevent its flooding.

How to build a wall cellar

A good solution that saves space is to build a cellar near one of the walls of the house. In this case, the costs will be minimal.
Wall cellar The construction procedure is as follows:

• The perimeter of the building is indicated.
• The walls of the storage facility are being laid out. To do this you can take:

1. baked brick;
2. monolithic concrete.

The walls are laid in one brick using sand-cement mortar. Its ratio is 3:1. The walls of the structure, outside and inside, are carefully plastered with a cement composition.

• Outside the building, bitumen lubricant is applied in two layers, which creates reliable waterproofing.
• The floor is being made. To do this, the surface of the earth is carefully leveled, cleaned, and a concrete base up to 20 centimeters thick is prepared.
• After about 10 days, when the concrete has hardened, pour cement-sand mortar approximately 6 centimeters thick.

Advice: To avoid unnecessary stress on the structure, all concrete work should be carried out in one day. In this case, the solution will harden evenly over the entire area.

• The roof is constructed from materials such as:

1. croaker;
2. any clay;
3. roofing material in two layers.

• The embankment is carried out with dry soil and sown with low-growing perennial plants.
• Along the perimeter of the ground manhole, a blind area is made with a slope of a slight degree away from the building and a groove up to 25 centimeters deep is dug, which will allow rain or melt water to be drained away from the building.
• The finished cellar is equipped with the necessary shelves, containers where vegetables, home-canned goods and other products will be placed.
• Waterproofing, ventilation system, insulation, and drainage system are installed.

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For car owners, projects in which basements are located in garages are very popular. In this case, the area of ​​the suburban area is saved and the comfort of living increases, which is possible by creating additional premises used for different purposes.

The article will tell you what advantages a garage with a basement has and which building design to choose for your site.

Construction of a basement in a garage

When choosing a garage project with a basement, you need to take into account some rules for constructing structures.

These include:

• The depth of the cellar should be up to two meters.
• The proximity of groundwater or moist soil predetermines the need to construct walls made of monolithic waterproof concrete or material with sufficient density.
• When the soil is dry, the walls are made from lightweight standard asbestos-cement corrugated slate sheets used for roofing. They are mounted in two layers, then fixed to the wooden frame, which makes the structure quite durable. The sheets are glued together with cement-casein-based glue or bitumen mastic.
• To waterproof the room, hot bitumen is used, which is coated with the enclosing structures in two layers.

Tip: Before applying any coating, the surface must be treated with primer.

• To ensure air circulation, installation is carried out ventilation pipe with two channels or a hatch with a grill is installed (see), which in winter period insulated with an old cotton blanket.

Advantages of the structure

You should not use the project of a garage with a cellar to build metal structure, which is considered a relatively temporary structure. The main reason for this is the rather high cost of construction. It makes sense to build a cellar in garages if it has been in use for more than 20 years.

Advantages of this design:

• Possibility to use the basement for storing winter supplies.

• The room is quite easy to convert and use as a workshop, which is very important for many car owners, especially in cooperative standard garages that do not have separate place to organize a workshop.

• Such premises are used to store items and things that are a pity to throw away, but are not needed at the moment.

• When deciding to build a garage with a cellar, a project drawn up correctly allows you to consider the structure as a profitable long-term investment that involves investing in construction once.

House with basement and garage

Projects of houses with a basement and garage deserve special attention.

The expediency of their choice is determined, first of all, by the preliminary cost estimate. Very often projects one-story houses with a garage and basement increase the cost of construction of the entire building by 15-30%, which is quite an impressive amount in in monetary terms. However, the presence of a basement significantly expands the possibilities of the project, allowing for more rational and economical use of space in the house itself.

When choosing a house project with a basement and garage, it is necessary to determine the rationality of such a decision. Particular importance should be given to geological factors.

These include:

• The height of groundwater above ground level. If it is higher than the depth of the foundation, when constructing a basement you will need to spend additional funds on purchasing and installing expensive and reliable waterproofing(cm. ).

For example: in a house where there is no basement, a device horizontal waterproofing at the level of the foundation plinth.

• Type of soil. If there are rocky soils on the site, the installation of the foundation will require the use of special equipment.

The advantages and disadvantages of a house project with a garage and basement are presented in the table:

Behind

Against

Additional area. Almost any utility room can be placed in the basement, which significantly frees up useful living space in the house. It is convenient to locate a pantry, boiler room and laundry room here, as well as arrange storage for working tools and equipment. Rest zone. In the basement you can arrange relaxation areas, a sauna, a billiard room or a sports hall. Warm floor and earthquake resistance. Projects of one-story houses with a garage and a basement provide higher seismic resistance rates than conventional two-story buildings. And the presence of a heated basement is a guarantee of warm and dry floors in the premises of the first floor.

High price earthworks, due to the use of special equipment. The need for high-quality ventilation. The basement will be unusable if there is musty air, mold on the walls or condensation. This can lead to spoilage of supplies and premature wear of structural elements of the building. To create a comfortable microclimate in the basement, it must be constantly warm, which increases the cost of maintaining the building. Tip: When developing projects for houses with a garage and basement, you need to carefully calculate the ventilation system. Waterproofing. To protect the basement from flooding and high humidity, it is necessary to provide high-quality waterproofing. The need to install insulation in the basement. This is due to the fact that the heat capacity of air is lower than that of soil.

Execution options

Projects for garages with a basement can be very different.

Some examples are presented below:

• The most popular option is a completely buried cellar with a depth of 1.5 to 3 meters.

Tip: The final depth of the cellar should be selected depending on the depth of groundwater. The source of moisture from the base of the basement should be at least 50 centimeters away.

• The entrance to the garage and basement are separate. This option is usually used when constructing permanent garages.

In this case, the cellar can be semi-buried up to one meter deep or completely buried. Despite the significant amount of construction work that a cellar under a garage requires, the project, if properly developed, will be very useful in the construction of a permanent structure.

Planning

When drawing up projects for one-story houses with a basement and garage, it is necessary to take into account the following factors:

• Construction cannot be carried out in lowlands. This is a place where the structure will be constantly subject to flooding by melt and storm water.
• The construction of buildings should not be carried out near trees; their roots can cause great damage to the building.
• All projects of houses with a basement, garage and attic must include questions about the organization of electrification, water supply and sewerage systems.
• You should not build a building above underground utilities. They must always have free access.

Project documents

The documentation set for the development of any project includes:

• Layout of the building on the site.
• Sketch of the structure, made to scale and color.
• Plan of the garage, basement and living quarters, indicating their dimensions, height marks, location of gates, doors, windows and stairs.
• Description of the foundation.
• Detailed drawings of the building frame.
• Specification of materials required for finishing.
• Roof sketches and roofing materials.
• Communications supply diagram.

• Explanatory note.
• Calculation of the cost of materials and work.
• A set of necessary tools.

Drafting

Having drawn up a construction plan, its design is developed. This can be done by ordering documents from an architectural organization, purchasing a ready-made one, or, if you have the knowledge, doing it yourself.

The cost in the first two cases can be quite high, but at the same time the time for developing documentation is significantly reduced. To do this, agency representatives usually go to the construction site, take all the necessary measurements and draw up a project for the specific operating conditions of the building and the customer’s requirements.

What types of projects are there? two-story houses with basement and garage, one-story buildings or detached garages with a basement shows the video.

Advice: When developing a project yourself, you need to show it to specialists. They will approve the documentation and adjust it if necessary.

Instructions for self-development of a project consist of the following steps:

• It is determined how many cars will be stored in the garage: one, two or more.
• . This takes into account whether it only houses cars, or whether they will be repaired here, the presence of racks for storing tools, and the need for free space for convenient movement of the person performing car repairs.
• Selected sizes basement.

• Floor plans for the building are being developed.

• Is being decided functional purpose the attic part, if any: it will be intended for housing or other purposes.

Tip: When drawing up a plan, you should use precise measuring instruments.

• A plan for the attic is being developed. For a living space, it should be taken into account where the bedroom, kitchen corner, and bathroom will be.

• The roof for the building is selected.

• The power supply system is located.

• A specification of materials for the construction of the building is drawn up. This affects the cost of the structure, the duration of its construction, the durability and reliability of the building.
• A set of project documentation is finalized on paper, taking into account all the design details.

By observing all the requirements when drawing up a building construction plan, choosing suitable designs for two-story houses with a garage and a basement, and carrying out all the work on their construction efficiently and correctly, you can build a house to suit every taste. At the same time, the building will serve as a cozy home for people and a place to store a car for a long time.

A basement in the garage is the best option for storing pickles and vegetables. You can also equip a workshop or recreation room in such a room.

Peculiarities

Many people want to build a basement in the garage, as this place is optimal for storing vegetables and fruits. You can also equip the basement with shelving for conservation or install a workbench and shelves for tools, turning the room into a comfortable workshop. But the basement is suitable not only for economic purposes - you can arrange a recreation area in it by adding a bar or billiards to the interior.

When building a basement room in a garage, you should familiarize yourself with some features:

• You will need to consider high-quality insulation of the basement from moisture. Groundwater should not penetrate into the room, so care should be taken to purchase waterproofing materials.
• In some cases, a waterproofing layer will not be enough, so you need to be prepared with equipment drainage system.
• There must be ventilation in the basement. It allows you to maintain the required temperature and creates an optimal microclimate in the room. If you refuse ventilation system, with further operation of the cellar, mold and mildew will appear. It is not allowed to store preserved vegetables in such conditions.
• If you plan to use the basement in the garage as a workshop or recreation room, you need to insulate the walls, ceiling and floor. This solution eliminates dampness and prevents fungus from appearing. Only fire-resistant materials should be used as finishing.

To get rid of mold, you will need not only to create the right climate, but also to disinfect the room. This will require the following steps:

• The basement must be cleared of all pieces of furniture and jars of pickles.
• The walls should be cleaned with a wire brush.
• Shelves and other furniture need to be dried in the fresh air and treated special drugs. top scores shows a sulfur bomb. The room itself can be disinfected with slaked lime.
• To prevent mold from reappearing, you need to create a high-quality indoor environment. waterproofing layer, and also take preventive measures against fungus every year.

The basement in the garage has the following positive qualities:

• The structure can become ideal place for storing food. With its help, you can unload the free space in the garage. The microclimate of the basement is considered optimal for the preservation of preserved vegetables and fruits throughout the winter season.
• With the help of special finishing materials You can create a relaxation area in the basement.
• To equip the basement, there will be no need to allocate additional space on the territory, since the room will be the zero level in the garage itself.
• A garage equipped with a cellar has a higher cost compared to buildings without a basement.
• The basement is reliably protected by the garage from bad weather conditions and temperature changes.

Disadvantages include:

• If you choose the wrong construction or waterproofing material, your basement can become a breeding ground for mold and dampness. In worst cases, this room can turn into a well with water accumulation.
• A basement in a garage can only be created manually. Therefore, you will need the help of friends or additional expenses for the services of specialists.
• If the site has a high groundwater level, a large amount of materials will be required to create a waterproofing layer, which means additional costs.

Projects

There are several options for equipping a basement in a garage. If we talk about the depth of the bookmark, the cellar can be semi-buried (depth - up to 1.5 meters) or buried (up to 3 meters). The last option is different in that the humidity and temperature indicators in it are always at the same level, regardless of the time of year. Due to this quality, preservation can be stored indoors without danger.

There is a scheme according to which many garages are equipped with an inspection hole. Some users place cellars under a pit.

The construction of semi-buried cellars is considered a necessary measure. As a rule, this option is resorted to if the soil does not allow creating a deeper recess or the groundwater is located too close at a high freezing point without the possibility of high-quality waterproofing. In practice, sometimes there are ground-based variations of cellars, but such a structure cannot be created in a garage.

Recessed cellars under the garage will be reliable if the foundation part is located higher than 70 cm from any water source. In this case, you can even create a cellar that will be larger than the garage area. Experts advise developing a project in advance and making all the calculations.

It is best to build a basement at the same time as building a garage. However, most people buy a space for their car rather than build it from scratch. Therefore, basements have to be built under the finished structure.

Possible problems

When building a basement, many people may encounter some problems that they need to be prepared for in advance.

First of all, you will need to get rid of the water that is present in the cellar. Excess moisture leads to the formation of fungus. Mold is considered main problem when operating cellars. It is formed due to a poor waterproofing layer and poor-quality ventilation, which cause an increased level of humidity in the room. Also, fungus can appear due to prolonged exposure to spoiled food in the cellar or the use of contaminated wood.

Some basement owners are faced with the fact that food in the room freezes. Therefore, special attention should be paid to insulation measures. Insulation allows not only to eliminate subzero temperatures, but also maintains an optimal microclimate in the room.

However, with the help simple insulation it is impossible to lower the humidity level. You will need to create high-quality ventilation, which will be responsible for controlling the level of water vapor in the cellar.

If the basement in the garage freezes, you will need to buy heat-insulating materials. There is a wide range of special raw materials on sale that can be used for insulation. The insulation must retain its geometric shapes, have high-quality insulating properties and be resistant to moisture and soil.

Most often, expanded clay, fiberglass, expanded clay concrete, mineral wool, ceramic brick red, polystyrene foam and cellulose insulation.

How to build?

The construction of a basement in a garage consists of several stages. Each step is an important event, without which high-quality construction of the structure is impossible. To build a basement with your own hands, you should study the sequence of actions and follow the work manual step by step.

Preparation for construction

For construction buried cellar A major garage will be required. To realize your idea, you need to commit preliminary preparation. It consists of several stages:

• Before construction work, you need to make sure that it is technically possible to equip the basement. In the soil of large cities there are a large number of communication lines, so making a hole of the required depth is quite difficult. To reduce financial investments and determine the possibility of carrying out work, you can seek help from a specialist or use project documentation, which was used to create the garage.
• The foundation must be protected from groundwater. This step should be taken into account during the construction of the garage using a drainage system. If this issue has not been resolved in advance, careful waterproofing of the basement will be required.

Purchasing the necessary materials

Building a basement will also require special tools and materials. To build walls, you can use concrete slabs, cinder blocks, bricks or natural stones.

Concrete slabs are only suitable when building a garage from scratch. The arrangement of the cellar is carried out before the construction of walls and ceilings. You will also need professional help installation team, which, using a lifting mechanism, can install the slab.

To fill the base, you will need ready-made concrete M-100 or a solution made by yourself. The solution is created from gravel, crushed stone, sand and M-400 cement. The resulting solution is suitable for preparatory work before screeding and finishing walls during plastering.

To create the formwork you will need an edged board. The required quantity will depend on the dimensions of the basement. Roofing felt is used as waterproofing.

When building a cellar with your own hands, you don’t need professional equipment. For this purpose, a traditional list of tools that every home craftsman has on hand is suitable.

To work you will need the following elements:

• jackhammer;
• scrap;
• sledgehammers;
• spatula with trowel;
• hacksaws;
• electric drills;
• screwdriver;
• pliers;
• construction shovel.

You also need to prepare measuring instruments, without which not a single construction project can be completed. You will need: a plumb line, a construction tape, a metal ruler and a level.

Step by step guide

Planning the cellar should be done at the stage of constructing the garage. This will make the work process easier. If thoughts about getting a cellar appeared when purchasing finished garage, the concrete floor will need to be dismantled. It is necessary to remove the screed from the area where the basement will be located. Work can be carried out using a jackhammer or sledgehammer.

First of all, you need to prepare the pit. The depth of the pit in the buried cellar is three meters. Other sizes are allowed, which should be selected individually depending on the planned size of the basement. For a room whose size is 8x12 meters, a depth of 3 meters will be enough.

The preparation of the base is carried out as follows:

• First you need to dig a pit.
• The floor and walls must be carefully leveled and compacted. This action ensures the evenness of surfaces in the room.
• You will need to fill the bottom with crushed stone and gravel in layers. Each layer also needs to be leveled and compacted.
• The prepared surface is poured with concrete mortar of small thickness (8-9 cm).
• After the concrete has hardened, you can begin initial waterproofing measures. They consist of laying two roofing felt layers glued together with molten resins. The edges of the sheets should protrude 10 cm beyond the basement. Then you can install the formwork and pour the mortar.

Ladder - important detail, which connects the basement to the garage.

There are two types of structures:

• Traditional ladder made from wood or metal.
• Marching. Installation is carried out in finished form during construction work.

Several materials can be used to build stairs:

• Tree. Since the basement is a cold and damp room, the wood must be additionally treated with antiseptic agents. This will protect the material from attack by insects and bacteria.
• Metal. If the work uses used material, it should be treated with abrasive materials. This action protects the future structure from the corrosion process. Then the metal should be wiped detergents and rinse with plain water. After installation, the steps are covered oil paint or enamel.
• Concrete characterized by high strength indicators, but protection of the material is also necessary. The steps should be painted or tiled for floor surfaces.

When creating a metal structure, the following nuances should be observed:

• Products whose width is 80-90 cm are allowed for use.
• The clearance of stairs in the basement should be calculated from the lower steps to the floor beams. In new cellars this value should be more than two meters. Compliance with the dimensions allows you to minimize the likelihood that a person will hit his head on the ceiling.
• The slope of the product should be 22-75 degrees. If an extension ladder is being built, an angle of 45-75 degrees is allowed.
• The width of the steps is 25-32 cm. If you make a wider tread, climbing up such a structure will be uncomfortable. Narrower steps make the descent dangerous.
• The height of the steps should be maintained within 12-22 cm.

Construction wooden stairs consists of several steps:

• Initially, you will need to attach bars to the supports, on which the steps will later be mounted. From top point the supports should be counted 26 cm and the block should be fixed. An angle of 60 degrees must be maintained. Each bar is fixed using two nails or self-tapping screws.
• Other support bars are fixed in increments of 26 cm.
• Then the steps are attached to the bars. Nails or screws are used as fasteners.
• The installation of the structure takes place at a slope of 30 degrees. This way the steps can take a horizontal position.

The walls in the basement are made only from solid material. The use of chipboard, plywood and other lightweight products is not allowed.

Brick is most often used in construction. During work, you will need to ensure that the masonry is vertical and its surface is level.

Some garage owners use monolithic concrete when constructing walls. For such work, the following sequence will be required:

• For each wall, a wooden panel is knocked down, which will be used as formwork;
• metal pillars are driven in around the perimeter of the room;
• the formwork is fixed on the racks;
• then you can start pouring the concrete solution.

Regardless of what material the walls are built with, you need to ensure that they are positioned strictly vertically. Each seam is rubbed using mortar. When the laying process is completed, the seams are painted with lime.

Most basements use reinforced concrete for flooring. Such a floor is created in the following sequence:

• First of all, you need to level the surface. To do this you need to use a building level.
• Then a 15 cm layer of crushed stone is poured onto the base. It must be distributed evenly around the entire perimeter of the room.
• A layer of sand (5 cm) is poured. It also needs to be leveled and compacted.
• Then you can start creating the floor itself. For this, a reinforced concrete slab or a strong metal mesh with a screed is used. For the second method, you will need to install reinforcing bars along the perimeter of the basement in 1-meter increments. A metal mesh is laid on the floor surface and cement is poured. The layer should be 3-5 cm.

Ventilation

A properly equipped hood helps eliminate dampness and foreign odors from the cellar. It also ensures long-term storage of canned goods and vegetables.

There are two types of ventilation used for the cellar:

• Natural. The best option for providing the room with fresh air.
• Forced. This option uses a fan.

Creating natural ventilation does not require significant costs. It is easy to create such a system yourself. To do this you will need:

• A hood is installed under the ceiling. The pipe outlet should be located at a height of 0.5 meters from the roof. Heated air masses will flow through it.
• A supply pipe should be installed at a distance of 10 cm from the floor surface, which will be discharged outside the room. It will be followed Fresh air Into the basement.
• The outlets of both pipes should be covered with a special mesh, which will provide protection from insects. Small covers are mounted on top.

In winter natural ventilation may not function because both outlets are clogged with frost. To prevent blockage, it will be necessary to insulate the exits and timely clear them of snow. Some craftsmen create removable output parts.

Forced ventilation differs from natural ventilation in that its design includes an improved exhaust hood. An electric fan is inserted into the cavity of the system, which creates a vortex flow and expels waste air masses from the room. Fresh air flows through the upper pipe into the basement.

Some users use entirely mechanized ventilation. To create it, you will need to install a monoblock, which will be controlled using special software.

Insulation

If you do not take care of high-quality insulation of the basement in the garage, the room will be cold. Using thermal insulation, you can protect the cellar from dampness. Most often, garage owners use foam plastic as insulation. The thermal insulation process involves working with walls, floors and ceilings. In addition to polystyrene foam, you can use other suitable material.

Ceiling insulation is as follows:

• All cracks and crevices must be eliminated.
• Then you need to cover the surface vapor barrier material. For these purposes, you can use penofol, which provides high-quality thermal insulation.
• The installation of hangers for the sheathing is in progress. The distance between the parts must match the width of the insulation board.
• The next layer of vapor barrier should be located at a distance of 4-5 cm from the previous level. This method can provide microventilation.

Floor insulation consists of several steps:

• The rough base must be leveled using a building level.
• Then a layer of waterproofing should be laid. Most often, foam plastic is used for these purposes, the thickness of which is 5 cm.
• Penofol is mounted on top of the insulation.
• A reinforced screed and a finished base must be placed on the thermal insulation.
• Since the cold enters the basement through the walls, insulation will be required to ensure a high-quality microclimate.

The process of wall insulation consists of several steps:

• First of all, you should lay the waterproofing layer. It will provide protection from moisture. If the surface of the walls is uneven, you will need to level the base.
• Then a layer of foam is laid. For fixation, you can use any adhesive.
• The finish should be covered with a small layer of cement screed. Auxiliary reinforcement consists of reinforcement.
• A cellar is a room in which there is a high level of humidity. To minimize dampness, an additional waterproofing layer will be required.

Hatch with overlap

The choice of material for making the ceiling depends on the dimensions of the basement. If the basement area does not exceed the normal size inspection hole, the upper part is created from a magpie board. Large cellars will require a reliable ceiling that can cope with the impressive weight of the car. It is best to use a concrete slab and a reinforcing frame for these purposes.

Installation concrete slab allowed only during the construction of a cellar before the construction of a garage. If construction works are carried out in a finished structure, the following actions will be required:

• Mounted load-bearing beams. For these purposes, you can use railway rails, which are sold at metal collection points.
• Then the concrete is poured.
• The created product will be similar to reinforced concrete slab. When laying beams with reinforcement, an area for the hatch should be provided.

The hatch is easy to make with your own hands from a steel sheet. For work you will need a list of tools and materials:

• electric grinder;
• welding machine;
• steel sheets 5 mm;
• metal corners;
• polyurethane foam;
• insulation material – polystyrene foam or penoplex;
• tin;
• screwdriver;
• loops;
• construction tape;
• seals.

Creating a hatch consists of several stages:

• A steel sheet should be cut according to the size of the hole.
• Metal corners are welded along the edges of the sheet. To ensure optimal sliding between the sheet and the corner shelf, a small gap should be provided.
• The inside of the hatch is covered with insulation. The foam should fit snugly to metal corner. All gaps should be foamed.
• The tin is laid on top of the insulation. All corners should be folded. The tin has only a decorative component, so this step is optional.
• Then you can start fixing the loops. If required, a handle is attached.
• The finished product is hung on hinges.

Some people decorate the hatch under the floor surface. A wide range of finishing materials allows you to create a floor that is in harmony with general style basement. The lid can be painted with any paint that is suitable for working with the finishing material.

What to finish with?

When the work on the thermal insulation of the walls is completed, you can begin finishing the ceiling, walls and floor surface. Walls are most often covered with tiles and other similar materials. You can also use paints, lime or plaster.

When finishing with plaster, the process consists of several steps:

• It should be fixed on the wall surface metal mesh. Since there is in the basement high humidity, the plaster will not be able to adhere to the base alone. To secure the reinforcing mesh, you will need dowels. There is no need to close the ventilation.
• The solution is applied to the wall using a trowel, and then smoothed with a trowel.
• If finishing is planned on top tiles, the solution should be thin.

To simplify the process of building a basement in a garage, you should familiarize yourself with the recommendations of experts:

• Before building a cellar, you need to study the procedure for selecting materials that are suitable for the job. You should also consider the size of the future structure and familiarize yourself with the standard requirements for the dimensions of basements.
• Work begins with the development of a small diagram, which should include not only the location of the object, but also the dimensions. Using the sketch you can calculate required amount materials.
• When constructing a basement yourself, you need to pay attention to choosing a place for constructing a pit. The pit should be located at a sufficient distance from the supporting structures of the building.
• The basement must have high-quality waterproofing and ventilation.
• The most optimal option for descending into the cellar is an extension ladder that will be lowered through a hatch.
• A staircase equipped with concrete steps is suitable for a large basement.
• The hatch cover should be made of lightweight materials so that no special effort is applied when opening it.