A basement in a garage has several advantages. This is an additional storage place for the necessary things, household items, etc. If you try and provide the correct microclimate, then you can even store vegetables and fruits here. Today it is a fairly popular addition to the garage. It is best, of course, to think over the cellar and indicate it in the drawings during the construction phase of the garage. Let's look at this question of how to dig and build a basement in more detail.

Benefits of placing a basement in a garage

The financial side when building a garage is a very important part. Naturally, when it is built with a cellar, the cost increases significantly. After all, in order to equip the latter, additional costs for building materials are required. And it takes much more time to build. But the game is worth the candle. In the construction of a garage with a cellar, there are a number of advantages that more than cover the disadvantages.

The cellar in the garage is an additional place where you can store winter preparations. Many are engaged in rolling pickles, preserves, compotes. Some have their own dacha and vegetable garden, and some purchase ingredients from the market. The basement is an optimal and convenient place for their preservation, because there you can create certain temperature conditions for this.

Own workshop - the place of almost every car enthusiast. The basement might be a great place for her equipment. Indeed, directly in the garage itself there is not always a lot of space for full-fledged repair work. The lack of space causes a lot of inconvenience. But in the basement there is enough space in order to place all the tools and equip your workplace.

In the basement of the garage, you can leave things that you do not always use, but from time to time. For example, seasonal amenities such as a children's sled, which you only use in winter, or a bicycle, which you only need in summer. In order not to clutter up the balcony or pantry, you can leave it all in the basement.

If you are going to sell a garage, then the presence of a basement in it will significantly increase its value. The same goes for renting it out.

How to build a capital cellar - instructions

The basement is also a kind of building that requires preliminary planning. In the diagram, it is necessary to clearly indicate the dimensions of each element: height, thickness, width of the floor, ceiling, walls, etc. You need to clearly calculate how much thermal insulation you need, how many bricks, concrete, materials for interior cladding, etc.

Be sure to check before starting construction work whether it is possible to build a basement in the location of your choice. And suddenly, it is here that underground communications (gas or water supply) pass.

If you are building a cellar at the stage of building a garage, then it would be preferable to choose a strip base for the structure. Thus, the walls of the basement will become part of the walls of the cellar, and the basement ceiling will play the role of the ceiling of the underground room.

In the case of a close location of groundwater to the surface, give preference to monolithic concrete slabs for the construction of a garage basement. If you are lucky, and your soil is dry and not heaving, then you can use lightweight materials for building walls. For example, asbestos-cement roofing slate sheets, which need to be laid out in several layers (usually from two to four) and fastened to a wooden lathing. The sheets are glued together with bitumen mastic or a mixture of casein glue and cement no worse than M400.

First of all, it is necessary to mark the perimeter of the future basement. Step back from the walls of the garage inward by 300 millimeters so that the garage does not sit in the basement.

Dig a hole of the required size (250-350 centimeters).

The walls and bottom of the pit must be made as even as possible.

Cover the bottom with sheets of roofing material with an overlap of 150 millimeters on top of each other and crawling onto the walls of the pit by 200 millimeters. To strengthen the waterproofing, you can lay the roofing material in two layers. In this case, the joints of the lower layer should not overlap with the joints of the upper layer.

The next stage is a reinforced concrete screed.

Then the basement walls are erected. To do this, you can use bricks, asbestos sheets, concrete or another material that suits you. Leave a small gap between the ground and the outside of the wall where the external waterproofing will fit. To do this, use bituminous or other special mastic. It is applied using a roller or spatula, put on a long handle. If the gap is large enough, then roll insulation can be additionally glued to the mastic.

Naturally, it is impossible to use a ready-made concrete slab for overlapping, since the height and width of the garage are not enough for its installation (of course, if it is a regular garage for one car). Therefore, you can make an overlap of boards. They are stacked side-by-side horizontally and a hatch hole is left. Lay waterproofing material on the boards, make a frame of reinforcement and formwork, fill everything with cement mortar with a layer of 300-400 millimeters. The thinner concrete may not be able to cope with the weight of the vehicle.

We build the floor

In order for the floor of the garage cellar to be dry and as warm as possible, it is important to think carefully about its device at the planning stage.

When you dig a pit, it is necessary to increase its depth by 300-400 millimeters in order to build a drainage cushion. The bottom of the pit is well leveled and compacted. A layer of sand of 150 millimeters is poured on top. The sand must be moistened with water and compacted well. Then a layer of crushed stone is poured in 150 millimeters. This is done so that the groundwater cannot approach the waterproofing material too tightly and spoil it. In addition, sedimentary water can quickly leave through a layer of gravel and sand. Thus, the liquid will not linger in the basement space.

After the layer of rubble is laid and tamped, it is necessary to cover the rolled waterproofing material with several layers. Alternatively, liquid bitumen can be used.

Then a reinforced concrete screed is constructed, the thickness of which should be 200-300 millimeters. After its final solidification, it is advised to treat the concrete with a waterproofing primer with deep penetration.

This floor option is the most optimal.

You can make a clay floor if the groundwater level allows it. To do this, the clay is laid in two layers, and a layer of roofing tar is placed between them. The first layer of clay should be 250 millimeters, and the second 400-600 millimeters. You can put plank flooring on the clay.

Building basement walls

Depending on the physical characteristics of the soil at the construction site, it is necessary to choose the best material option for the construction of walls. If the soil is dry and not heaving, then full-bodied red brick can be used. For other soils, the use of reliable and strong reinforced concrete is more suitable. After erection, brick walls are covered with concrete mix plaster.

If the walls are made of concrete, then first of all, the sectional plank formwork is being erected. One section in height should be between 350 and 400 millimeters. Reinforcing rods are installed in the formwork and concrete is poured there in a layer of 300 millimeters. After it has dried, the formwork section is set higher and the same is done. So, section by section, all the walls of the room are built. Fasten the extended sections to each other using slats and nails.

To enhance the waterproofing properties, treat the walls with a special hydrophobic deep penetration primer.

Waterproofing work - how to get rid of water

Many factors depend on the correct construction of a garage basement, such as its durability, conditions for storing food, and others.

Very important! The issue of waterproofing the basement of the garage must be approached with great responsibility. A cellar is a room located underground. That is why very high requirements are imposed on its protection.

At the construction stage, when a pit is being dug under the garage cellar, as soon as groundwater is found, it must be repaired with oily clay 500 millimeters deep.

The same clay is used to fill up the empty space that forms between the basement wall and the soil. The thickness of this layer should be at least 150 millimeters. Brick cladding must be laid out flush with the floor joists. After that, the upper part of the cellar must be covered with a reinforced concrete ceiling with a hatch.

If the soil at the basement construction site is low-moisture and inactive, that is, the groundwater lies deep enough, then for external waterproofing works, it is enough to treat the walls with hot bitumen. Otherwise, if the soil is wet, then it is necessary to make waterproofing using roofing material, which is based on bituminous mastic.

If the groundwater level is above the cellar floor, then it is necessary to make an underground waterproofing. For this, multi-layer ruberoid carpets are used. In addition, in this case, it is best to make the base of the floor using greasy clay or crushed stone soaked in bitumen.

To prevent dampness and mold from appearing in the garage cellar, it is necessary to provide good ventilation in the room. To do it, you need to build special holes in the basement walls. To maintain an average temperature in the room, you can lay a film, clay, clay salt or roofing material over the entire floor area. The layer thickness should be 200 millimeters. A layer of earth of 300 millimeters must be poured onto it.

Before placing vegetables, rolls and other products in the cellar, it is necessary to get rid of moisture and dry the room. To do this, cover the walls with lime and burn 12 tablets of dry fuel indoors. Such actions, in addition to drying the basement, relieve and prevent the appearance of putrefactive bacteria.

We make ventilation (hood) - table

A good ventilation system (hood), as mentioned earlier, is a guarantee of high-quality storage of vegetables, fruits and other food products in the garage cellar. Ventilation planning takes place at the very beginning of construction work on the construction of the garage. If this is not done, then the amount of air may not be enough.

Refers to the easiest way to circulate air in the basement of the garage. For this, 2 pipes are used. The first works to draw air out of the room, and the second draws in fresh air.

Mount the first under the ceiling. It rises through the entire garage and goes 50 centimeters above the roof. This ensures the outlet of warm air from the garage cellar to the outside.

The second pipe, responsible for the flow of fresh air, is installed 50 millimeters above the basement floor level. She is taken out into the street. It should be located 30 centimeters above ground level on the street side.

In order to prevent pests from entering the cellar through the pipe, it must be protected with a special mesh.

In order to regulate the levels of incoming and outgoing air, it is necessary to build small caps or flaps on the pipes.

A significant disadvantage of such ventilation is that in the cold winter season, it can malfunction due to the fact that the pipes are clogged with frost. But thermal insulation and periodic cleaning of pipes from snow solves this problem. To make it easier to care for the ventilation pipes, experts advise making the upper pipe element removable.

In summer, the temperature regimes of the street and the basement are almost identical and the ventilation stops functioning.

How to properly insulate the basement from the inside

This process is also very important when building a basement.

If the basement is not thermally insulated or the process is approached in bad faith, then the cellar will not function properly and all the work done will go down the drain.

Expanded polystyrene can be used as a heat-insulating material. It does not rot, is waterproof and durable. Attach it to the outside of the basement when insulating your garage foundation.

The thickness of the expanded polystyrene should be 50 millimeters and the PSB-S-25 brand. Such an insulating material will perfectly maintain a stable basement temperature. Internal thermal insulation leads to the formation of condensation at the joints.

Thermal insulation of the cellar ceiling is also a very important stage in the construction of this room. Otherwise, warm air will be sharply cooled from the cold surface of the ceiling, due to which condensation will form.

If the garage floor is made of a reinforced concrete slab, which cannot be heated, the installation of a false ceiling in the basement, which is filled with heat-insulating material, saves.

Thermal insulation of the ceiling and cover

To insulate the ceiling and basement cover, you must adhere to the following scheme:

Reinforce pipes with a diameter of 2.5 centimeters under the ceiling of the garage cellar. They should be located 150 millimeters from the ceiling surface and installed 600 millimeters apart. They can be fixed both to the ceiling and to the walls from the inside of the basement.

It is necessary to install reinforcement rods to pipes with an angle of 90 °. Their diameter should be no more than 0.1 centimeter and there should be a distance of 300 millimeters between them. Then you need to form a single soft metal mesh.

Paint everything with waterproof paint.

Place plastic bags filled with straw and moss in the empty space between the ceiling and the pipes. The ends of the bags are sealed and stacked tightly to each other so that there is not a single gap.

At the last stage, it is necessary to make condensate outlets using umbrellas made of galvanized iron, polyethylene or moisture resistant plywood. The condensate must drain into a previously prepared container.

Responsibly approach the arrangement of the basement so that its functionality is not compromised, and you could leave food in it with peace of mind. Even the smallest errors in work can ruin all the work done.

How to dig a cellar in an already finished garage?

Make a marking of the perimeter of the future garage cellar.

Dismantle the floor covering and dig a pit of the required size.

Walls and floors are made according to the principle described above.

Then comes the manufacture of floor supports.

The plank and reinforcement cage of the formwork is being constructed.

The floor of the garage is again poured with concrete.

Rebuild the manhole, install a hatch and a ladder.

We do the finishing and lighting

To make it comfortable in the basement of the garage, it must be decorated with something and lighting. The latter will not cause any particular difficulties with the condition that there is lighting and electrical wiring directly in the garage itself. You just need to create a wiring from the electrical panel, which is located in the garage. Shaping lighting and placing sockets and switches is a matter of technology.

At the final stage, it is necessary to cover the bare concrete walls of the basement, which do not look very aesthetically pleasing.

The easiest way to finish is plastering. Thus, the structure will appear monolithic. To do this, attach a metal mesh to the walls without blocking the ventilation holes. If you plan to further decorate the walls with ceramic tiles, then the layer of plaster should only minimally cover the network so that there is room for the tile adhesive. The material is applied with a trowel and smoothed with a scraper.

You can, of course, resort to more complex and expensive cladding options, for example, tiles. But practice shows that garage cellars are most often done with simple plastering.

This is followed by the arrangement of various shelves and racks in order to conveniently store homework or tools. Giving a complete look to the basement space forms all the little things in the aggregate. At this stage, you are already free to dispose of your own needs. Each owner equips the basement individually for himself.

Video: basement arrangement

Video: do it yourself cellar under the garage

Now you can independently build a basement in your garage and equip there an additional spacious enough space for anything. In fact, there is nothing complicated in the process of work. But each stage is very important and you need to treat them very seriously and responsibly. Good luck!

Today we will talk about such a necessary room as a basement in a garage. For what purposes it can be used, everyone decides for himself, and we will outline the main points and nuances of its construction. Having understood the information received, you will understand what the masters are doing. In addition, you can ask smart questions about the construction of the basement and the technology of its construction.

Cellar in the garage

Step-by-step instructions for building a cellar

It is necessary to indicate that the cellar in the garage is a full-fledged building with a floor, walls and a ceiling. It can be erected even at the stage of building a garage or in an already operated room. Depending on the situation, the construction technology will be different.

Construction filed in a garage under construction

This is an economical option, because the foundation of the garage will function as the walls of the cellar. Therefore, first of all, markings for the garage structure are applied on the site. Pegs are hammered in the corners of the building, which are tied with twine. Here it is necessary to take into account the fact that the outer sides of the foundation structure must be waterproofed. Therefore, the pit is dug 1 m more from the side of the length and width of the garage. For example, if the parameters of the building are 3x6 m, then the pit should be 4x7 m in size.That is, half a meter remains on each side, which is enough for waterproofing work.

The next stage is earthworks. In this case, you can use heavy equipment in the form of an excavator. The absence of walls of the building allows this to be done. The main thing after the work of the equipment is to earn extra money on the bottom and walls of the pit with shovels. This is what the workers should do. The bottom is aligned horizontally as much as possible, the walls are aligned vertically.

Basement pit Source kak-peresadit.ru

A few words about the depth of the basement. Everything will depend on the depth of the groundwater at the construction site. It is not recommended to lower it below. If the depth of the groundwater is high, then complex waterproofing will have to be carried out. And this is a big investment. The second option is to raise the floor base and make the entrance to the garage at a slope.

Basement bottom

At the bottom, a pillow is poured from a layer of sand 30 cm thick, a layer of crushed stone 10-15 cm thick.

Roofing material is laid in two layers. Each layer in perpendicular directions. For example, the lower one is along the building, the upper one is across. Layers of roofing material are impregnated with bitumen mastic or hot bitumen.

The concrete screed is poured.

It is necessary to tell a little more about the screed. In its pure form, concrete is not used here. Under the influence of loads, it will crack. Therefore, a reinforcing frame made of steel reinforcement with a diameter of 10-12 mm is laid inside the screed. Reinforcing rods are assembled directly on the roofing felt in the form of a lattice with cells of 20x20 cm.They are tied together with a knitting wire. Then the lattice is lifted and placed on supports made of bricks or metal profiles (corner, pipes, etc.). According to the technology, the reinforcement cage must be inside the concrete basement of the basement.

Concrete solution is poured. Its thickness is within 10-20 cm.

Preparing the floor of the cellar for pouring the screed Source metasold.com

On our website you can get acquainted with the most - from the construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-rise Country".

Foundation construction

The next stage is the construction of the foundation. Now everything will depend on what it is going from. The easiest way is to use a prefabricated structure of foundation blocks, concrete wall blocks or bricks. Monolithic structures are more durable, but their construction is expensive. In addition, it will take a long time, and this option is more difficult in terms of labor costs. Because in order to pour the concrete solution, it is necessary to build a formwork, install a reinforced frame in it, pour concrete inside, and then wait 28 days for the solution to gain its branded strength.

As for piece blocks or bricks, the main task of the work manufacturer is laying with a sling, when the elements of the upper row are laid with an offset of half the block relative to the elements of the first row.

Concrete block foundation Source pogreb-podval.ru

Floor construction

As soon as the foundation is raised to the height of the cellar, it is necessary to think over how the floor will be constructed. The easiest option is to lay six-hollow slabs. By the way, this option is used in typical projects of a garage with a basement. Therefore, it is not worth reinventing a new bicycle design. Use stoves. True, for their installation, you will have to use the services of a crane, which will increase the cost of the structure. But ready-made floor slabs are a quick and reliable way. Moreover, manufacturers offer products with a minimum length of 3 m. So it will not be difficult to choose the required model, which will fit exactly on the walls of the foundation.

Six-hollow slabs as a garage basement overlap Source emupauto.ru

A more complex option is a monolithic slab. The technology of its construction is similar to the construction of a monolithic strip foundation. Formwork is assembled under the slab. In fact, these are sheet durable materials (corrugated board, plywood, OSB plates, sheet metal, etc.), which are laid with the edges on the walls of the foundation, and supports with lags (transverse or longitudinal) are evenly installed under them. After that, a box is assembled from the boards, which will form the thickness of the fill. Its dimensions are equal to the dimensions of the foundation.

The box is placed on the erected base.

Inside, a reinforcing frame made of reinforcement is placed on the supports.

Pour concrete solution at the level of the box.

After 7 days the box is disassembled, after 28 days the floor can be used.

Monolithically cast floor slab Source emupauto.ru

On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of designing and building garages and other small forms for a turnkey country house. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.

Please note that when constructing the floor, care must be taken that there is an opening in it for descending into the basement. When pouring a monolithic structure, another rectangular box of smaller dimensions corresponding to the size of the opening is placed inside the box in the required place. Its interior is not poured with concrete. After removing the formwork, an opening is cut out in the laid sheet materials, the ends of which are subsequently fixed, for example, with a bandage from a metal corner.

When using ready-made floor slabs, one of them is not installed in the place of organization of the opening into the basement. Here, a monolithic structure is poured with the installation of formwork and the formation of an opening.

Video description

Stages of building a basement in the garage in the video:

External waterproofing of the foundation

This is the easiest step. The walls of the foundation are treated with bitumen mastic or hot bitumen. The main thing is not to miss more than one section. The processing is carried out evenly, preferably in two layers. After the waterproofing dries up, the ditch between the foundation and the ground is filled up.

External waterproofing Source he-nn.ru

Basement construction in an operated garage

The complexity of this technology lies in the fact that the foundation of the garage is laid at a shallow depth, since the building belongs to the category of "light". Therefore, you need to carefully dig a pit under the basement so that the walls of the foundation do not collapse, and the garage itself does not fold.

If the soil under the garage is clay, then you can safely drip a pit, stepping back from the walls by 30-50 cm. If the soil is sandy, then the digging technology will be completely different.

Along the far short wall, retreating half a meter, they dig a trench with shovels to the depth of the cellar. Trench width 0.5 m.

Fill up the pillow and fill in the screed.

Raise the basement wall out of concrete blocks or bricks.

Dig a trench near the long longitudinal wall of the garage.

Fill in the pillow, fill in the screed and raise the wall.

Do the same with the opposite wall.

The latter is the construction of the wall closest to the entrance.

The soil remaining inside the basement walls is selected.

It remains only to level the bottom of the pit, filling it with a pillow and filling the screed.

Construction of a cellar in a constructed garage Source betonzavod-info.com

Basement waterproofing

In this case, internal waterproofing is used. First of all, two layers of roofing material are laid on the floor with an approach to the walls at a height of 20-30 cm. Laying of the layers is mutually perpendicular. You can use polymer mastic, which is applied in a seamless way. The main task is to close the joints between the walls of the cellar and the floor base, because these are the weakest points in terms of moisture penetration.

As for the waterproofing of the basement walls, then most often roofing material is used for this, laid on bituminous mastic. Polymeric compositions are used today. The old way of decorating a garage basement is lime plaster, brick.

Overlapping filed

In this version of the organization of the basement, the technology of monolithic flooring is used. It was described above, so it will not be repeated. Let's just add that the floor is poured from wall to wall of the garage foundation. Accordingly, the reinforcing frame is assembled precisely for these dimensions.

Basement ventilation in the garage

Like any basement, the garage must be dry. This means that it is necessary to provide for a ventilation system. The basic principle of this system is the intake of fresh air from the outside and the removal of the settled air to the outside. Therefore, it is necessary to install two pipe pipes during the construction of the cellar. One near the entrance, the second on the opposite side.

Video description

Construction in the garage basement ventilation in the video:

The first, since it is located closer to the exit to the street, will perform the functions of a supply circuit from the outside. The pipe should stick out 5 cm above the floor in the garage and go down to the floor in the basement, not reaching 5 cm.

The second will serve to exhaust air from the basement. Therefore, it is taken out through the garage and the roof. In this case, the lower end of the ventilation pipe should be located under the ceiling of the cellar (5 cm below its surface).

It turns out that the air from the outside will flow into the basement at its floor, and then move along the diagonal of the room to the exhaust pipe. Thus, the entire volume of the air mass is covered.

The scheme of the ventilation of the cellar in the garage Source nauka-i-religia.ru

Ready-made basement structures

All of the above works are complex and cost a lot of money. Today you can buy a ready-made plastic cellar for the garage. It is made from low pressure polyethylene or polypropylene. Production method: welding of individual elements or molding of finished cellars.

The advantages of plastic structures are obvious:

complete tightness, which guarantees the protection of the internal space from moisture or groundwater penetration;

a wide range of models allows you to match the size of the garage;

ease of installation - it takes one day with the excavation of the pit;

lightness of the design does not require the presence of heavy equipment on the construction site;

high strength of the structure;

full equipment in terms of the presence of a hatch and ventilation;

a reasonable price, for example, a welded plastic cellar with dimensions of 1.6x1.6x2.4 m costs 100,000 rubles.

Source en.decorexpro.com

Basement with a viewing pit

An inspection pit in the garage is a necessary object than a basement. Therefore, many owners are trying to give preference to the pit. But there are projects for garages with basements and observation pits. If you approach the solution of some issues correctly, then in the garage you can get both.

Pay attention to the photo below. Here you can clearly see how both elements can be combined in one garage. This is the best option, where the entrance to the cellar is formed from a viewing hole. But first of all, it is necessary to determine the size of the basement. The same photo shows that the cellar occupies an area closer to the far wall of the garage building.

As for construction, in this case they use the same technologies described above. Only the overlap is poured with a monolith.

Inspection pit and basement in the garage Source sense-life.com

Conclusion on the topic

A variety of technologies for constructing a basement in a garage makes it possible to choose an acceptable option. But you shouldn't make the project cheaper. And even more so to avoid some technological nuances. Special attention to waterproofing, because poorly done work is a guarantee that water will appear in the basement. If you want to get high quality at an affordable price - choose a plastic cellar.

The cellar under the garage is convenient in that it does not take up much space on the site. In winter, the basement of the garage is not covered with snow, and you can get into it at any time. This cellar does not require additional thermal insulation, since it is already inside the garage, and, if necessary, can be equipped with a viewing hole for self-repairing the car.

Before starting construction work, you need to take into account a number of important nuances, such as: length, depth, width.

In addition, much less money is needed for the construction of such a basement than for the construction of other types of cellars.

The nuances of building a basement under the garage

During the construction of such a cellar, it is necessary to observe many important conditions, the main of which are effective ventilation and complete waterproofness. It is best to build a basement at the same time as building a garage.

The cellar is convenient because it can also be used as a viewing hole. To make this possible, a staircase is made with a slight slope, which runs along the entire length of the cellar. Due to the small angle of inclination, standing on the steps of the stairs, you can service the car. This option saves you a lot of money.

One of the most serious moments is the arrangement of the walls of the cellar.

They are an integral part of the garage foundation, so it is better not to skimp on their thickness. In addition, the thicker the walls in the basement of the garage, the easier it will be to insulate it. Typically, stone or brick is used to build basement walls. Red brick is preferred. However, if the groundwater level is high or your region has a humid climate, it is better to use monolithic reinforced concrete for the construction of walls.

The floor in the cellar requires a high-quality waterproofing device, since it is through it that the greatest amount of moisture seeps. The best option for the base is a cushion made of crushed stone about 10-15 cm thick with bitumen impregnation. Garage walls can also be insulated with bitumen, preferably in combination with burlap. It is very simple to make such insulation: the burlap is impregnated with bitumen, after which it is glued to the walls of the cellar. The walls of the garage basement must be plated and covered with lime whitewash. It is recommended to use this mixture for whitewashing, as it absorbs moisture well.

It can be made as an integral part of a general ventilation system or separately. Good quality and proper ventilation will prevent the appearance of fungus. Usually for this, ventilation windows and other ventilation devices are created in the walls of the basement.

The wiring in the basement of the garage is carried out by analogy with the arrangement of the rest of the power supply. If you have never worked with wiring before, it is best to have it done by a professional electrician. Due to the high humidity in the basement, special attention must be paid to the insulation of the contacts.

Back to the table of contents

Basement device under the garage: step by step instructions

As already mentioned, it is best at the same time as building a garage. In this case, construction begins with a marking for the base, at the same time a place for a viewing hole is also marked. However, in cases where the garage is bought ready-made and without a cellar, it has to be done by hand.

First of all, prepare the tools that you may need for the job:

• hammer;
• nails;
• boards;
• metal tank;
• wooden box;
• metal rods and holders;
• polyethylene film;
• sawdust;
• mineral wool;
• gravel;
• table;
• cement mixture;
• fine mesh;
• entrenching tool;
• level;
• roulette;
• sand;
• water.

Before starting construction work on arranging the cellar, you need to take into account a number of important nuances, such as:

• the length of the inspection pit (usually it is made 0.5 m longer than the car);
• depth - is determined individually (depending on the growth of the owner);
• width - 700 mm plus the thickness of the pit walls.

In the walls of the pit, it is necessary to provide for the creation of auxiliary niches for placing tools, fixtures and other needs.

You need to evaluate the opportunity under your garage. To the greatest extent it depends on where it is located. The main obstacle that can nullify all plans is the high level of groundwater. built in such a place will be warmed up in the spring. Check for utility lines under your garage. If it is located within the city, this is quite possible. If the above obstacles are not present, you can start building a basement.

Dig a pit. Its dimensions should exceed the dimensions of the future basement by 50 cm on each side. Additional space is required for the convenience of concreting and waterproofing work. It is not recommended to expand the hole too much - this will increase the amount of work and complicate the filling of the sinuses.

The bottom of the dug pit is cleaned from the remnants of the earth and compacted well. A layer of crushed stone, gravel or coarse sand is poured onto the bottom. The thickness of the backfill should be about 10 cm. The filled layer is compacted and saturated with hot bitumen. After the bitumen hardens, it is necessary to cover the bottom with waterproof materials, for example, plastic wrap.

A basement floor is created on the prepared foundation. Monolithic concrete with a thickness of about 30 cm is best suited for this. The walls are made of brick or concrete reinforced with steel rods. The waterproofing of the cellar is carried out by covering it with crumpled clay with a layer of about 10 cm. Another available option is the sticker of an inexpensive waterproofing coating (roofing material is well suited). The space between the walls of the pit and the walls of the basement is filled with soil, which is carefully compacted.

The inner surface of the walls is plastered with cement mortar and smoothed with a metal trowel. The thickness of the plaster layer is approximately 1 cm.

The overlap of the garage basement is made of reinforced concrete slabs. In one of the slabs, it is necessary to hollow out a hole with a size of 80 × 80 cm. Instead, you can simply leave a hole of the appropriate size between the slabs, overlaid with a brick.

Make an entrance to the basement directly from the garage itself or from an extension to it. The manhole door is made double - so there will be an air gap between the flaps.

The main requirement that must be met in the basement of the garage is the absence of moisture. What kind of basement finish in the garage will help get rid of dampness and fungus, eliminate mustiness in the room?

It is important to think over all the details of the construction of the cellar under the garage even at the stage of laying the foundation. In this case, it is necessary to immediately prevent the humidity in the basement by performing simple construction work that is easy to do with your own hands.

The foundation of the garage must be properly insulated from moisture from the outside and from the inside. The main problem is the seasonal rise of groundwater and moisture in the basement due to spring and autumn floods.

The picture, when the cellar and the pit in the garage are flooded with water, every spring and autumn, is not uncommon.

The second important requirement is high-quality ventilation of the cellar. In the absence of fresh air, food quickly molds. But this is not one drawback. High humidity causes rapid corrosion of metal, so it is simply dangerous to store a car in a garage with a damp basement.

Ventilation can be either natural - the air supply is provided by a correctly installed pipe system or forced - the installation of a fan, if it is not possible to remove the pipes during the repair or re-equipment of the garage.

The third requirement is that the walls and ceiling of the cellar or basement in the garage must be insulated. This will provide a positive temperature in cold weather and exclude the appearance of condensation on the walls in summer.

Designing a basement in a garage

At the first stage of laying the foundation for a garage with a cellar, it is imperative to find out three facts:

• at what level is the groundwater at the construction site;
• determine the depth of soil freezing;
• the structure, depth and waterproofing of the foundation depend on the type of soil on the site.

If the garage has already been built and there is a desire to dig a cellar, then you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

• foundation design - a shallowly recessed strip foundation will not withstand bearing loads; if you remove a large layer of soil inside the building, it is necessary to deepen and strengthen the foundation;
• with a high location of groundwater, it is necessary to carry out a drainage system;
• on clay and weak peat soils, it is important to pay attention to serious external waterproofing of the basement.

An important rule for the foundation of a garage with a cellar is that the lowest point of the foundation should be located at least 50 centimeters below the freezing point of the soil. In frost, the soil freezes and pushes out the weak foundation, which leads to rapid deformation and destruction of the entire building.

Basement device in a finished garage

When digging a pit in an already built garage, especially if the cellar floor is much lower than the bottom of the garage foundation, it is important to keep the distance to the walls correctly:

• to the garage wall, the basement wall is located at a distance equal to the depth of the basement below the basement base.

For example, the cellar floor is 1 meter below the garage foundation. This means that you need to step back a meter from the foundation when digging a pit.

The sequence of construction work when installing a basement

According to the dimensions of the preliminary drawing, you need to dig a pit and carefully tamp the soil. The dimensions of a standard cellar for a garage are 2.5 m (width) by 2 meters (depth).

Important. Basement walls should not be located more than half a meter from the garage wall. This is necessary for high-quality waterproofing.

Foundation device

After the pit has been dug, and the floor is carefully rammed, we proceed to the construction of the buried foundation:

• a layer of crushed stone of the middle fraction is poured over the ground, the minimum thickness is 3 cm;
• a rough concrete screed is poured over gravel or gravel, the thickness is from 7 to 10 cm, depending on the strength of the soil at the site;
• after the concrete screed has solidified, a layer of roofing material is mounted as waterproofing. It is necessary to lay the material in two layers, gluing the sheets together with liquid resin. In addition to roofing material, you can use waterproofing under concrete floors or bituminous mastic, it is more expensive, but guarantees quality and reduces construction time;
• a layer of roofing material must be installed on the walls of the pit, the height of the overlap on the wall is at least 15 cm.

Important. It is imperative to install a drainage system around the perimeter to drain ground and seasonal waters.

A reinforced concrete screed made of cement with water-repellent additives ("Dehydrol Lux" 10-2) is installed along the waterproofing layer or poured with ready-made concrete - grade W20. The thickness of the concrete screed of the cellar floor is at least 20 cm.

If you plan to arrange a cellar with a clay floor, then you need to pour clay in several layers and carefully tamp each one. The first layer of clay - 15 - 25 cm thick, the second layer - up to 1 m, is compacted with moistening on sheets of roofing material.

Basement wall construction

A prerequisite is that the walls of the basement or cellar in the garage must be made only of reinforced concrete or red brick. Silicate bricks and foam blocks do not withstand high humidity even with high-quality waterproofing.

It is easier to lay out the walls in the cellar of the garage with concrete blocks - this will shorten the construction time, but it requires the cost of renting special equipment. If the basement is being built in a finished garage, then it is necessary to concrete the walls of the cellar or perform brickwork.

Basement walls concreting, cement grade not lower than M400:

• we expose the wooden formwork. Be sure to install spacers to prevent soil shedding;
• we attach a strong reinforcing mesh. Rigid reinforcement of the walls cannot be done, the mesh from the reinforcement only needs to be knitted with wire. This will prevent the screed from breaking during seasonal heaving of the soil;
• we concreting the walls in layers. The height of the first layer of concrete is 40 cm;
• the height of each subsequent layer is no more than 30 cm.

Concrete hardening should occur naturally - the average full hardening time is 28 - 30 days, depending on weather conditions.

Important. When concreting the walls of the basement, be sure to tap each poured layer with a rubber hammer to avoid voids and cavities in the walls.

The brickwork of the basement walls in the garage is performed in one row with an offset of half a brick. Be sure to check the vertical with a level or plumb line every two rows of masonry. Cleaning of seams must be done.

Cellar ceiling - floor slab

The garage floor will be the basement ceiling, so the main attention should be paid to the thermal and waterproofing of the floor slab:

• the floor slab on both sides must be waterproofed with bitumen or bitumen mastic in two layers;
• from below (basement ceiling) they are made with polystyrene - this is the most budgetary option. But remember that mice and rats can ruin the finish. Therefore, the thickness of the foam for insulation of the ceiling should be no more than 5 cm;
• be sure to plaster the layer of insulation on the mesh. This will protect the insulation from dampness and rodents.

You can also insulate the floor slab from above along the concrete floor screed:

• a layer of waterproofing (roofing material, bituminous mastic) is laid on the slab;
• a layer of insulation (polystyrene, expanded clay) is mounted on beacons, the thickness of the insulation layer is 10 - 15 cm;
• after that, a reinforced concrete screed is poured.

The basement hatch must also be insulated with foam or mineral wool, so as not to create cold bridges in the cellar and not to provoke the appearance of dampness in the basement.

Protective finishing of the garage basement in different ways

The main characteristics of the decoration of the walls, floor and ceiling of the cellar are resistance to the destructive action of moisture. What options for disinfecting and protecting surfaces can be used, and what materials for finishing the basement in the garage are the most popular.

Basement moisture protection - materials

Before finishing, brick or concrete walls of the cellar must be additionally protected from moisture that comes from the soil into the concrete body:

• for walls, welded fiberglass is suitable, but it is cheaper to treat concrete surfaces with the "Tiprom K Lux" composition. The consumption of such a moisture-proof impregnation for concrete is from 150 to 300 g per square meter. Can be primed on damp surfaces. A 5 liter bottle costs up to 1,500 rubles - enough for processing the walls and ceiling of the basement;
• for waterproofing the floor of the cellar in the garage, roofing material can be used, but melted glass insulation (rolled) is more reliable and durable;
• you can process the walls of the cellar and the ceiling with bituminous mastic.

Without good waterproofing, even good waterproof paint and plaster in a damp basement will not last long.

The procedure for waterproofing the cellar in the garage

For work, you need an impregnation sprayer and a blowtorch. Waterproofing procedure:

• on clean concrete or brick walls we apply a waterproof impregnation, you can also apply it with a brush, but the material consumption will be greater than when working with a spray gun. Waterproofing the brick and concrete walls of the cellar is necessary;
• when the impregnation is dry, we mount the glass insulation on the concrete floor screed in the basement;
• cut the material into strips of the required size, overlap the walls - at least 25 cm;
• gradually unwinding the roll, and heating the material with a burner, we lay the insulation;
• try not to overheat the coating, it will just melt.

After the insulation has hardened, for reliability, a final cement screed must be applied to the floor to protect the insulation layer (up to 5 cm thick). Instead of glass insulation, you can use bituminous mastic or several layers of roofing material.

Plastering the walls of the cellar

Brick walls do not need to be plastered; it is enough to treat them with water-repellent impregnation. Plastering basement mills - carrying out works:

• we cut the reinforcing thin mesh into pieces and fasten it to the wall with dowels. It is important that the mesh fits snugly against the wall surface;
• any cement mixture with water-repellent characteristics (Ceresit, Sm-11, Osovit Startwell) is suitable for plastering walls;
• thoroughly stir the plaster mixture with water according to the instructions and plaster the walls on a metal mesh.

Before finishing painting, you need to wait until the walls are completely dry - this will take about two days.

Whitewashing or painting the basement walls in the garage

The simplest method of protecting and disinfecting walls and ceilings is mortar of lime. It is enough to dilute the slaked lime with water and apply on the walls in two layers, after waiting for the first layer to dry, apply the second layer.

Lime mortar is applied to the brick and cement walls in the cellars every year. As the antiseptic properties of lime are reduced after 12 months.

Acrylic and silicate paints with antiseptic additives are more durable than lime, but they are also more expensive. It should also be taken into account that before applying acrylic paints to concrete walls, the surface must be treated with a primer for better adhesion of materials.

Paints based on acrylic or liquid glass, covering the walls with lime, high-quality waterproofing and any other decoration of the walls of the basement in the garage will not guarantee dryness if you do not equip high-quality ventilation of the cellar.

Natural and forced ventilation

The natural ventilation system is easy to make with your own hands from metal-plastic pipes. The main thing is not to forget about the arrangement of a garage basement with ventilation even at the construction stage. Correct arrangement of the cellar is impossible without a ventilation system.

Natural ventilation

The main disadvantage of natural ventilation of the cellar is considered to be an uneven air supply. In winter, the pipes are covered with frost and clogged with snow, while in summer the temperature outside is higher than in the cellar and the flow of fresh air into the basement is limited.

These problems can be avoided by placing a small household fan on the inlet of the pipe, which can be turned on as needed so as not to waste money on electricity.

It is not difficult to do natural ventilation with your own hands in the cellar:

• we mount an exhaust pipe under the ceiling, it is necessary that the height of the pipe above the roof is at least 35 cm. The higher the exhaust pipe, the stronger the air circulation flow in the room;
• the supply pipe is located 10 cm above the floor level in the garage and is led out. A good flow is ensured by an inlet height of 30 cm from the ground.

Dampers should be installed in the pipe to be able to regulate the air flow and protective grilles from mice, leaves and debris.

Forced ventilation of the garage basement

The garage and cellar will always be dry and comfortable if you install a forced ventilation system. The easiest option is to install a conventional low-power fan on the supply pipe of the air duct.

If repair and painting works are often carried out in the garage, then the fan must also be installed on the hood.

Pipes for the ventilation system are suitable for ordinary plastic for water supply or corrugated metal. They are inexpensive, and the corrugated pipe can be easily mounted in any garage and cellar design.

If you spend money and take time to properly finish the cellar under the garage, then the room will always be dry, warm and comfortable. Wet cellars and basements cause enormous damage to the car. Corrosion of the metal of a car with a wet cellar in the garage is provided.

DIY construction of a garage with a cellar is the most common. This is due to a purely practical approach. Therefore, today we will consider how to build a garage with our own hands with a basement.
After all, everything must be taken into account here, and not only the safety of the car, but also the car itself will depend on the correctness of the installation work. Before starting work, you should look at photos and videos and draw up a work plan. The instructions are outlined below.
When building a garage, you can foresee the presence of a cellar in it. At the same time, it is better to do this even before the start of construction work, since in the future it is, of course, possible, but very expensive, and it also requires large labor costs.
This also applies if you do a garage in the basement of the house. The rules will be the same here.

Why is a cellar in a garage useful?

The economic side of the construction of a garage cellar is of high importance. Of course, the construction of a garage increases significantly in cost in the presence of a basement, since the arrangement of the latter requires additional work and building materials.
However, you can look at the addition of a garage with a cellar from the other side, revealing several significant advantages:

• The garage cellar can serve as a storage place for blanks for the winter. Many have their own vegetable gardens, where they grow fruits and vegetables, and the markets in the summer are oversaturated with sellers of fresh crops.
  Most are accustomed to preparing for winter in advance by closing jars of cucumbers, tomatoes, compotes, etc. But there is nowhere to store edibles. The basement meets all the necessary temperature indicators for storing all this.
• you can equip a workshop that many car enthusiasts dream of. The garage itself, in most cases, does not have a very large area, allowing only a car to be accommodated. It is often inconvenient to work in it, but in the cellar it is perfectly possible to place the necessary tools and a workplace.
• For example, temporarily unnecessary things can be stored in the garage. They can be found in any home, for example, in the summer there is absolutely no need for a children's sleigh, and in the winter - a bicycle, etc. They, of course, can be taken out onto the balcony or put in the pantry, but you really don't want to litter an apartment or house, and in the garage cellar these things will not interfere with anyone.
• The basement automatically increases the value of the garage. Therefore, having made additional costs for its arrangement today, the car enthusiast increases the amount that he can help out when selling the garage in the future. Also, if you want to rent it out, the presence of a basement can also be a reason for an increase in fees.

Arrangement of a garage cellar

We are building a garage with a basement from the point of view of not only a technical issue, but we also need to equip it correctly.

Attention: Those who wish to build a garage cellar need to know that all work can go down the drain if you do not provide reliable waterproofing in the room. The basement is an underground room, and, therefore, when arranging it, it is necessary to impose increased requirements on protective equipment.

So:

• One of the most important stages in the construction of a garage cellar is the waterproofing of the walls (see). At the beginning, even at the stage of digging the foundation pit, when groundwater is found, they should be sealed with oily clay 50 cm deep.
  At the bottom of the pit there is a drainage, with the help of which the accumulating water is removed, or straight lines are drawn in which it is collected.
• The void that forms between the wall and the basement pit must be filled with a layer of greasy clay, the layer thickness of which should be about 15 cm. Brick cladding is laid flush with the floor beams, after which a reinforced concrete covering is installed in the upper part of the basement, which must contain a hatch.
• If the soil in the place where the garage is being built is low-moisture, and the groundwater lies below the basement floor, external waterproofing can be done only by coating it with hot bitumen. In cases where the soil in this place is wet, glued waterproofing is performed with roofing material, which is based on bituminous mastic.
  On top of the walls, covered with waterproofing material, oily compacted crumpled clay is applied, which acts as a kind of lock.
• It also happens that underground waters occur above the basement floor. In this case, underground insulation is needed, made using multi-layer ruberoid carpets. In addition, in this case, the base of the floor must be made of oily clay or crushed stone impregnated with bitumen.

• Good ventilation can help prevent dampness in your garage basement (see). To ensure it, special holes must be provided in the basement walls.
  Preserving the temperature of the average will help the laying of film, clay, alumina or roofing material over the overlap with a layer of about 20 cm.On top of it, earth is backfilled up to 50 cm.In the upper part of the cellar, it is advisable to provide several niches that allow you to get food without lowering it into the basement itself.