Today, the topic of how to insulate your home is more relevant than ever. In order not to waste money by warming the soil, it is easier to thoroughly insulate the most consumable part of the building once - the foundation and the basement of the walls. High-quality insulation of the foundation from the outside will require certain costs, but, fortunately, you can do most of the work yourself. If you save, then on someone's services, and not on the quality of the material used.

Work on the insulation of the foundation of the house from the outside by the hands of an amateur

To get rid of the troubles associated with hypothermia and freezing of the foundation system, you can use several options for installing thermal insulation:

• Increase the efficiency of the drainage system and thereby reduce the level of moisture in the soil outside the building. This will automatically reduce the thermal conductivity of the soil adjacent to the foundation walls and reduce heat loss;
• Use the classic do-it-yourself insulation method, lay the insulation on the basement sections of the walls, cover the foundation blocks with foamed heat-insulating material;
• Perform thermal insulation of the joints between the floor slabs of the basement, blind areas, lay the backfill heat-insulating mass in the sinuses of the foundation;
• In the case of insulating a columnar foundation with your own hands, it is necessary to additionally block the intakes with heat-insulating material or masonry that retains heat in the space under the building.

Warming the foundation with your own hands

Conventionally, the insulation of the basement basement from the outside can be divided into two groups according to the scope of work: the first is the provision of thermal insulation due to the soil, the second is the provision of heat savings by laying insulating materials on the structure of the foundation and the basement of the walls.

Filling forms of thermal insulation

Ground thermal insulation has a number of characteristics that, at first glance, are not obvious, but, nevertheless, are very important for effective home insulation:

1. Skillfully organized drainage from the surface of the soil adjacent to the pavement of the foundation of the house allows to reduce the water saturation of the soil several times, which means that the thermal conductivity of the upper soil layer, 50 cm thick, which makes the main contribution to heat loss, will decrease at least twice. This will be much cheaper and more efficient than covering the blind area with a huge amount of polystyrene foam;
2. Effective drainage of accumulating groundwater, its diversion from under the base of the building and the soil layers adjacent to the outside, properly laid barriers and insulating membranes in the base of the foundation can reduce heaving and water filling of the soil by 3-4 times;
3. The most effective of the ground methods of thermal insulation is the backfill form of insulation of the foundation structure. If polystyrene foam materials glued onto the concrete surface of the foundation can be destroyed, chipped, crushed by soil in a very severe frost, then filling forms are practically insensitive to such problems.

Foam glass is considered one of the most effective bulk-type heat insulators. The material has a high hardness, comparable to the hardness of concrete, and excellent heat-insulating characteristics. If you make a ditch or trench outside with your own hands to the depth of the foundation and fill the formed cavity with foam glass granules, this will dramatically reduce the heat loss of the foundation, improve water drainage, since the backfill layer plays the role of a sponge, and increase the stability of the foundation. In addition to conventional granules, manufacturers suggest using compositions of glass granules and bituminous filler to insulate surfaces outside the foundation blocks.

The currently used expanded clay or vermiculite fillings are not so effective in insulating the base of the house, but due to the low price of the material, the width of the insulating layer outside the foundation can be increased several times.

Traditional methods of thermal insulation and insulation of the foundation of the house

If you need to perform thermal insulation on the outside of the foundation blocks as soon as possible, instead of the traditional gluing of polystyrene foam boards on the outside of the foundation, use concrete surface insulation with polyurethane foam. A layer of foamed polyurethane foam is easily applied with special equipment on the most humpbacked and uneven surface of concrete blocks.

If the laying of polystyrene thermal insulation took days and weeks, then the application of polyurethane foam, even with your own hands, can be done within one working day. Laying a PPU-based insulation system to a depth of 30 cm to 2 meters creates comfortable conditions for maintaining the performance of insulating materials. Firstly, there is no ultraviolet radiation from the sun, and secondly, the minimum temperature difference is maintained. The cost of such insulation is somewhat higher than traditional slabs, but it can be used outside as a means of insulating any, the most complex and problematic foundations.

For relatively flat surfaces of the outer walls of the foundation, tiled heat-insulating materials are most often used. Of these, they collect the insulation of the outer walls of the foundation, the basement and the blind area, as in the video:

Installation outside of the insulating material can be carried out both on a layer of bituminous waterproofing and without it. In the first case, the blind area is dismantled, the outer surface of the foundation walls and basement floors is mechanically cleaned of all contaminants, mortar influxes, irregularities, and then treated with a waterproofing composition. Depending on the characteristics of the soil, waterproofing can be strengthened with your own hands by sticking roll insulation of polymer films.

Usually, the manufacturer of insulation materials recommends plastering and leveling the walls from the outside, thereby ensuring the tightest and most even fit of the insulation system to the foundation walls. After waterproofing outside the foundation walls, the structure is lined with expanded polystyrene plates. To fix the plates on the outside, it is most convenient to use bituminous mastic or acrylic glue.

Outside the laid heat insulator, a metal mesh is mounted. A layer of protection can be applied over the laid heat-insulating cake. Most often it is a durable waterproof plaster that protects the surface of expanded polystyrene from the destructive action of soil or mineral backfill. In the same way, insulation is laid on the basement surface of the walls and on the blind area.

If you need to insulate a columnar or pile foundation, you can reduce heat loss if you fill the soil around the supports to a depth of up to 30 cm with a dense, heavy mass based on foam glass. In this case, the main part of the insulation should be carried out on supports located outside the building. This backfill is best combined with a viscous and dense mass like resin or roofing bitumen. Thus, the amount of moisture entering the base of the supports is sharply reduced, and the level of soil freezing outside the supports is reduced.

In addition to insulating the supporting elements, it is necessary to insulate the space under the building. The simplest method is to hang a false plinth on the foundation grillage. The heat emanating through the bottom of the building will partially warm up the piles themselves or the support pillars and part of the air space below it. If the inside of the columnar foundation is covered with a layer of expanded clay, and the false plinth covering the structure from the outside is made in the form of sandwiches made of wood and polystyrene foam, then an acceptable level of insulation can be achieved.

Conclusion

When taking measures to insulate a building, relatively little attention is paid to such forms as deep drainage of groundwater, drainage and drainage of soil, improvement of the heat-insulating properties of the earth adjacent to the foundation structure. It is believed that it is easier and faster to insulate the foundation from the outside on your own by sticking foam sheets or applying a foamy polymer mass. However, the use of ground thermal insulation can be no less effective than the use of polymeric thermal insulators.

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Insulation of the foundation of a wooden house outside

House foundation insulation performs several functions: not only does it prevent heat from escaping through the base of the house and reduces heating costs, but it also works as waterproofing and protects the foundation from frost heaving of the soil. Without thermal insulation of the foundation on the first floor of the house it will be cold and damp. Practice shows that warming the foundation of a wooden house from the outside solves all these problems. It is much more effective than insulation only from the inside. In some cases, the thermal insulation of the foundation is done both from the inside and outside.

Why is it better to insulate the foundation from the outside

Experts believe that this option is preferable for several reasons.

Insulation of the foundation from the inside is recommended to be done only with good ventilation of the basement. Otherwise, humidity will increase in the basement, in addition, the inner layer of insulation shifts the dew point, because of this, the entire base is exposed to moisture and cold. This reduces its service life, leads to rapid destruction.

Wooden houses are usually placed on a columnar, pile or strip foundation. These types differ in their structure, which means that their insulation is done in different ways.

For thermal insulation of any type of base, extruded polystyrene foam (EPS, penoplex) is used. It is durable, has a long service life, does not emit toxic substances, is resistant to compressive loads, does not let water through, mold and moss do not start on it. It is easy to use, attached to the foundation with special glue or with the help of umbrellas, the foam boards have a convenient connection with each other.

Strip foundation

First, they dig a trench to the very bottom of the foundation. Its width is 80-100 cm, since the blind area is also insulated at the same time. If the foundation is of a recessed type, then the first 40 cm in depth they dig a trench to the width of the blind area, and then, to save energy, you can make it 50 cm wide.

If the house was built some time ago, then cracks may appear on the concrete. They are covered with a mixture of cement with building glue, if the cracks are small. Larger damages are sealed with cement mortar.

The next step is waterproofing. To do this, the surface of the foundation tape is covered with bituminous mastic, on which roofing material is glued. The sheets are glued overlapping, the seams are additionally coated with mastic. More modern roll materials are also used, such as self-adhesive roll waterproofing.

After that, the insulation is glued. Although penoplex is often attached to dowels, it is still better to give preference to glue or liquid nails - they do not violate the integrity of the sheets. How to insulate the strip foundation with polystyrene foam, look at the video:

The joints between the sheets are foamed with liquid foam.

After installing the insulation, geotextiles are glued to it. It will reduce the effect of soil heaving on the heat-insulating layer.

Next, the trench is filled up to the level of the blind area. Sand and small gravel are poured under the blind area with a layer of 0.15-0.2 m, the pillow is carefully rammed. This layer will protect the blind area from the loads arising from the movement of the soil. A layer of dense insulation is placed on top. The same penoplex is suitable due to its resistance to compressive loads. Concrete is poured from above, it can be additionally reinforced with a mesh.

Attention! To reduce the effect of frost heaving, a layer of insulation is placed at the level of the sole of the foundation. The most effective combination of foam insulation to the level of the walls in combination with the insulation of the blind area at the level of the sole.

pile foundation

How to insulate the foundation of a wooden house on stilts? For a pile foundation, as well as for a column foundation, a fence is constructed - an imitation of a basement, closing the space between the piles. This will reduce heat loss to some extent. For effective thermal insulation of a pile foundation, you need:

• build a plinth
• insulate it inside and out
• insulate the floor.

You can build a thin brick wall around the perimeter, or you can use slab materials that are attached to the crate. If the option with a brick wall is chosen, a shallow concrete strip 20 cm thick must be poured on which the wall will be built. It is not necessary to use ceramic bricks, you can take foam blocks or foam glass.

Important! Do not make the space under the floor airtight. After the installation of the intake, it is necessary to make air in it - ventilation holes measuring 10-15 cm. They are placed evenly on all sides of the house so that they are opposite each other.

For fastening panels or slabs, a crate is made of a metal profile or wooden bars. As an outer skin, for example, DSP can be used. There are already insulated facade panels that perform a decorative and heat-insulating function.

A shallow trench is dug under the skin, where a layer of sand (2-3 cm) is poured, expanded clay is poured on it, and the trench is covered with earth from above, so that there is no gap between the soil and the skin.

The video shows the device and the insulation of the false base:

To insulate the pile foundation, use

• styrofoam,
• Styrofoam,
• foamed glass blocks
• liquid penoizol (carbamide foam).

Most often, the first two options are used. Foamed glass is too expensive for a private house, and liquid penoizol requires special equipment or the work of specialists, which is also expensive. With your own hands, it is easier to insulate the foundation in a wooden house with polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam from the outside. The main thing is that the material does not absorb water, so mineral wool is not suitable here. The foam is glued to the glue-foam, for reliability, you can use additional wooden planks, which are attached with self-tapping screws to the crate through the foam.

Important! It is advisable to attach polystyrene foam or polystyrene to the guides, and not between them. In this case, there will be no gaps and cold bridges, since the thermal conductivity of wood, and even more so of metal, is greater than that of polystyrene.

It is possible to insulate the pile foundation with polystyrene foam or EPS from the outside or from the inside. If this is done from the outside, then the insulation is attached before finishing. If the finish is already attached to the base, for example, if these are facade panels or DSP boards, then the insulation is mounted from the inside.

Floor insulation

To insulate the floor in a wooden house on a pile foundation, I usually use mineral wool, basalt wool, polystyrene foam, polystyrene, liquid heaters.

Thermal insulation is done during the construction process and floor installation as follows:

1. They make a draft floor on which the insulation will lie.
2. A vapor barrier and windproof layer are first placed on the crate.
3. Then put the heater.
4. Vapor barrier and waterproofing are placed on top.
5. After that, a finishing floor is constructed.

The mineral wool layer should be at least 10 cm. If it is necessary to put cotton wool in two or more layers, this is done in a checkerboard pattern (so that the seams do not match). The video shows floor insulation in a house on a pile foundation.

For waterproofing, you can use glassine, polyethylene, isospan, wind-moisture protective film. Polyethylene is the cheapest option, but it's not the best.

Important! In a house made of wood on a pile foundation, it is imperative to treat all wooden floor elements with an antiseptic.

The insulation of a columnar foundation differs little from the insulation of a pile foundation; the same materials and techniques are used.

Conclusion

Insulation of the foundation helps not only to keep warm and reduce heating costs, but also protects the foundation, makes it more durable, performs a waterproofing function, and prevents dampness in the house. Wooden houses are usually made on a strip or pile foundation, which is quite easy to insulate with your own hands.

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Do-it-yourself insulation of the foundation from the outside

Any of us wants to have a warm and comfortable home, but not everyone thinks that in order for the house to be warm, it is necessary to insulate not only doors, windows, balconies, but it is better to start insulation from the foundation. By insulating the foundation of a log house, you can significantly reduce heat loss and reduce energy costs in winter.

What is thermal insulation, and its types.

During the construction of a wooden house or a bath, one of the most important tasks is the thermal insulation of the foundation, which can be both external and internal.

Each person decides for himself when and with what materials to insulate his house.

Consider the advantages of external thermal insulation:

1. regardless of the material used for thermal insulation and the design of the foundation, any external thermal insulation prevents the penetration of low temperature into the room, that is, it is a “protector” of the foundation from freezing;
2. savings (approximately a third of the payment for heating is reduced);
3. prolongs the service life of communications;
4. extends the operational life of the foundation of a wooden house;
5. protects against groundwater and moisture ingress into the foundation (foundation waterproofing);
6. protects the foundation (lower and basement) from seasonal temperature fluctuations.

Warming Pie Diagram

Sometimes, it is impossible to insulate the foundation from the outside with your own hands, then you should insulate the foundation from the inside.

Consider the benefits of insulating the foundation from the inside:

1. forms the microclimate of the basement and the whole house;
2. protects from groundwater;
3. prevents the accumulation of condensate.

But internal thermal insulation also has a number of negative points, these are:

1. it does not prevent freezing of the foundation;
2. as a result of temperature changes, deformation of the foundation is possible, cracks appear, the soil may swell.

Consider how to carry out work on the internal insulation of the foundation.

To carry out such work, there are various materials, these are: polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam.

You need to know how to work with each of them correctly.

Styrofoam is a fairly cheap material, but when working with it, you must remember that it crumbles, it must be cut out, and then glued with special mastic. It will take a lot of time to install it.

Polyurethane foam is easy to work with. It is used for basement and underground insulation. Produced in the form of a spray can.

Use it by spraying the contents of the can onto a surface that needs thermal insulation (in this case, the basement floor). Also spray it on part of the basement wall. If you want to more reliably protect the basement from cold and moisture, then polyurethane foam is sprayed on both the floor and the ceiling. After it hardens, it is necessary to carry out finishing work on the walls and floor. First they are puttied, sanded, and then veneered. For this, drywall may well be suitable.

Foundation insulation. Necessary materials. Thermal insulation methods.

For external thermal insulation of the foundation, foam plastic, polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam are used.

In order to insulate the foundation from the outside with your own hands, follow this instruction, which will tell you what materials you will need and how to work with what material.

It looks like a warmed foundation with polyurethane foam

The method of working with polyurethane foam is the same as for internal insulation, with the only difference being that in this case it is necessary to completely expose the foundation of the house. For this:

1. Along the perimeter of the house, it is necessary to dig a moat, the depth of which corresponds to the depth of the foundation, and the width should be up to approximately 0.50 m.
2. Clear the outer foundation from the ground and level if necessary.
3. It is necessary to wait until it dries, clean the surface of the foundation of dust and use bituminous mastic and roofing material to make waterproofing.
4. For more reliable protection against moisture, the joints of the insulation must be filled with special foam.
5. To protect the foundation from groundwater, the top sheets of insulation are raised 30 - 40 cm above the ground level.
6. After the work described above is completed, sand is poured onto the bottom of the dug ditch (layer thickness 10–15 cm), and the remains of insulation are placed on top and sprinkled with gravel (50–60 cm).
7. Then they sprinkle it with earth or sand from above, or pour it with concrete (the blind area).
8. Also, then you can lay a mosaic of ceramic tiles or marble.

After the advent of polystyrene foam and polystyrene, expanded clay was used less and less for thermal insulation of houses.

The method of working with expanded clay is almost the same as with foam, but there are differences:

1. when insulating the foundation with expanded clay, a ditch must be dug wide - about 1 m,
2. then lay waterproofing and cover it with a sufficiently thick layer (low thermal conductivity) of expanded clay, or rather, its granules.
3. Further, as a waterproofing, roofing material is laid and sprinkled with a layer of sand or earth.

Types of foundations and methods of their insulation.

In order to properly perform outdoor work on the insulation of the foundation with your own hands, you need to know what types of foundations exist and how to properly insulate them.

Consider the existing types of foundations for a wooden house (shallow, columnar, monolithic, tape, pile) and methods of their insulation.

Such a foundation is made of brick or concrete.

A shallow foundation can be of a tape or slab type, so the shrinkage of such a structure is uniform.

When insulating such a foundation, it must be borne in mind that if the width of the insulation is greater than the depth of freezing of the soil, then under the insulation (which is located at a distance of 1-1.5 m), a zone of soil is formed that does not freeze.

The columnar foundation is made of pillars dug to a depth of 2m (below the freezing depth). Subsequently, a house is placed on the upper ends of the pillars and therefore their level should be the same (40 - 50 cm) - this is the floor level of the house. Such a distance is necessary to avoid getting wet and subsequently rotting a wooden house.

To fill a columnar foundation, there are two technologies:

1. They dig a hole 40 - 50 cm larger than the desired post, make a formwork, put reinforcement or a frame, pour it with concrete. After drying, the formwork is removed. This is how a monolithic reinforced concrete pillar is made.
2. With the help of a special drill, you can independently drill a widened well and fill it with concrete.
3. read more in the article: columnar foundation with a grillage.

A columnar foundation is suitable for building buildings on slopes, but you cannot build houses with such a foundation on groundwater. It is difficult to insulate such a foundation, more precisely, you will have to make a thick base, you will have to carefully insulate the wooden floor.

The screw foundation is almost the same as the column foundation, but instead of monolithic pillars or metal pipes, piles are used here that twist into the ground. Insulation of such a foundation is also problematic.

A monolithic foundation is a homogeneous slab under the entire house, but it should be noted that there will be no basements in the building. Houses with such a foundation are called floating, since under the influence of groundwater the whole house moves and it does not skew and land. A monolithic foundation can be shallow and deeply buried. For a shallow foundation, only the top layer of soil should be removed (that is, it should be shallowly buried), and for a deep foundation, a foundation pit should be dug.

The strip foundation for a log house is a closed structure that runs under all the walls of the house. Such a foundation is suitable for any type of structure in which there will be a basement in the future. Such a foundation can be made monolithic or folded from concrete blocks. A monolithic strip foundation can be made independently, but it should be noted that it is very massive for wooden houses.

Helpful Hints

• For external and internal insulation of the foundation, it is better to use polystyrene. Compared to other heaters, it is more expensive, but more reliable, since it completely covers the surface without seams and gaps.
• To insulate baths, it is better to use foil foam as a heater, since the room lined with this material looks spectacular and comfortable.

And in conclusion

Warming the foundation from the outside with your own hands is not an easy task, but a doable task and everyone can do it.

If you want to save time and costs for these works, then first find out the prices for a particular building material, take into account the type of foundation, and only after that purchase the necessary building material in the right quantity.

Also, after you carry out the insulation of the foundation with your own hands, do not forget to insulate it from the inside as well (for better heat preservation in the house). To do this, also spare no expense and purchase quality material.

With the implementation of the above works, it is better not to pull and not neglect them. If you live in a region where there are no seasonal temperature changes, then you also need to carry out work on the insulation of the foundation. This will ensure the thermal insulation of the foundation and prevent cold air and moisture from entering the house.

And then both the private house and the bathhouse will be cozy and comfortable. Also, the microclimate will be preserved in the house.

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How to insulate the foundation of a house from the outside with your own hands with a diagram

An important part in the construction of a house is the foundation, as it forms the basis of the house. Reliability and strength are the main purpose of the foundation. You should not save on quality, because the service life depends on the material from which it will be made. The climate in the country, especially in winter, is not the warmest.

Cold weather forms cracks in the foundation, thereby spoiling it. To prevent this from happening, you should take care of the foundation of the house, namely, insulate the foundation protruding above the ground and the brick base from the outside, this will prevent freezing and waterproofing. The methods include: insulation of the foundation with polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, foam plastic, thermal panels.

To perform such work, it is better to turn to professional specialists with skills in business and the availability of ready-made equipment, but if you are sure that you can do the job, then you can do it yourself (available videos with instructions will help you understand this technology).

Many, having isolated the lower part of the house from the inside from the cold, do not take into account that the influence of water and cold contribute to the formation of microcracks, which in the future will lead to undesirable consequences.

Insulation from the outside is much better, because the material from which the foundation is made will protect against freezing and provide waterproofing. Technoplex extruded insulation is extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) suitable for insulation of plinths from the outside.

For more information about technoplex insulation, see the video.

Foundation types

• Tape
• Columnar
• slab
• pile

Choosing a heater

Styrofoam or Styrofoam

1. Sound, heat and waterproofing.
2. The thickness of the layer of this insulation is 5 kg.
3. Great strength and easy assembly.
4. Affordable price.
5. Suitable for warming a wooden house from the outside.

1. Styrofoam is not suitable for mounting the basement due to flammability.
2. Moisture absorption.
3. Requires additional structures, which leads to additional costs.

How to choose foam?

Styrofoam is plastic, the main volume of which is occupied by air. It is because of the large amount of air that the foam has good thermal insulation.

Styrofoam is pressed and unpressed. The main criterion in the choice of foam is density. High-quality foam is elastic and soft to the touch.

Expanded polystyrene is a universal heater in all respects. Despite the fact that the production of expanded polystyrene began 60 years ago, it is still popular and has no analogues in the Russian Federation.

Step-by-step do-it-yourself polystyrene insulation technology:

1. Cleaning the walls from dust and dirt.
2. Primer preparation.
3. Applying the primer to the walls with a roller or brush.
4. Installation of the starting bar on the plinth.

polyurethane foam

1. Good adhesion.
2. The minimum amount of costs.
3. Does not depend on weather conditions.
4. Efficiency.

Let's go directly to the insulation itself.

• When insulating the outside, an excellent material is expanded polystyrene (polystyrene). To begin with, waterproofing is carried out (bituminous mastic can be used), and then polystyrene foam boards are glued.
• If you decide to insulate with polyurethane foam, then it is enough to spray liquid on the surface from a special spray device.

Penoplex

1. Easy installation.
2. Cold resistance and vapor permeability.
3. Strength.
4. Unlike expanded polystyrene, foam plastic does not absorb water, providing waterproofing.
5. Strength.
6. Penoplex is an environmentally friendly material.

1. High cost.
2. At high temperatures, foam plastic melts.

What are foam boards suitable for? Penoplex plates are well suited for warming baths, basements, country houses. Penoplex well provides thermal protection, thereby saving heating and air conditioning costs.

Thermal panels

Advantages:

1. Strength.
2. moisture condensation.
3. No cold air entering the house.

Cons: Most expensive compared to the ones listed above.

Strip foundation insulation:

1. Tamping the trench and backfilling with a layer of sand (10-15 cm).
2. Pouring a layer of concrete (3-5 cm).
3. Waterproofing is applied to the cement layer and insulation is laid (insulation can be done with polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam).

Columnar foundation insulation technology.

First you need waterproofing. After waterproofing, you can proceed to the insulation itself:

1. The first thing to do is mount the metal frame.
2. Sheathe the metal frame with metal profile sheets.
3. Attach insulation boards inside the frame.
4. Fill the remaining free space with expanded clay.

Pile foundation insulation

1. The first step is waterproofing so that the metal elements do not collapse over time, and the wooden ones do not rot.
2. Then the basement frame is erected.
3. Install insulation inside the basement (you can insulate it with polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam).
4. Attach the panels to the plinth.
5. The inner side of the base is insulated with expanded clay or soil.
6. Floor insulation.

Insulation of the slab foundation.

The slab foundation is distinguished by an affordable price and excellent hydro and thermal insulation. For insulation use polystyrene or foam (5 - 10 cm layer)

1. First, waterproofing is carried out.
2. Heat-insulating plates are laid on a layer of waterproofing
3. Polyethylene is laid with an overlap of 10-15 cm on double-sided tape.

For more information about the insulation of the foundation, see the video.

Basement insulation from the outside with technoplex based on extruded polystyrene foam is the best solution for saving the heating budget (increases heat by 1.5 times). In addition, it can be laid with your own hands, since the distinctive advantage of the technoplex is ease of use and high speed installation work.

The high strength of expanded polystyrene makes the base even and rigid. Due to the saturation with nanographite, the technoplex plates acquire a light silver hue. Technoplex type expanded polystyrene is used both in industry and in private construction.

The correct selection of expanded polystyrene will provide thermal insulation for many years to come. Also, foam plastic is considered an excellent insulation of the house from the outside based on extruded polystyrene foam, it can also be laid with your own hands (more on this in the video).

Separately, I would like to talk about the insulation of a wooden house from the outside. A wooden house is characterized by a relatively light construction, but the foundation of the house plays an important role. What should be the foundation for building a wooden house?

The tape and slab foundation is not particularly convenient for the construction of wooden structures, firstly it is not cheap, and secondly it will take a lot of time.

The columnar foundation is suitable for small buildings, for cottages and baths. It is best to use a pile, it is an ideal option for wooden houses, the foundation is both economical and reliable.

Warming the foundation of a wooden house from the outside with the help of polystyrene foam is the most profitable solution, since pasting the walls with polystyrene foam materials is popular and is the most common way. The foam structure retains heat and does not let moisture in from the outside (this is very important for a wooden house). Warming can be done by hand.

Also, for warming the foundation of a wooden house from the outside, insulation with foam board, foam plastic and polyurethane foam is suitable.

For normal operation of the building, it is necessary to insulate the foundation of the house from the outside and lay polystyrene foam under the blind area. The heat-insulating circuit solves several problems - expanding the frost-free zone, eliminating swelling, cold bridges and heat losses. The need for measures to eliminate swelling conditions (freezing + moisture + clayey soil) is separately indicated in the regulations SP 22.13330 (foundations), departmental VST, territorial TSN (for example, MF-97 for the Moscow region).

In order for an individual developer to insulate the foundation without errors, it must be taken into account that the owner's expenses always consist of a construction estimate and an operating budget. Accordingly, changing any of these items, you can automatically affect the other:

• refusing to insulate the blind area, the foundation, the owner saves on the purchase of polystyrene foam, but heating and repair costs increase;
• by investing in thermal insulation, the developer increases the initial costs, but automatically reduces the operating costs.

By investing money in their own home, a young family gets an advantage at retirement in the form of significantly lower utility bills due to energy savings and the absence of foundation repairs.

Heat distribution scheme next to the foundation. It can be seen that the freezing boundary is moving away from the foundation.

Depending on the operating mode of the building, the developer's budget and the type of soil, horizontal and vertical insulation contours solve different problems:

• blind area - the EPPS tape laid under it moves the freezing zone outward from the house, swelling is impossible in the layers of soil adjacent to the foundation;
• outer vertical surface of the tape - protection of waterproofing, elimination of a cold bridge, reduction of heat loss through the floor / floors of the house, outward shift of the dew point for normal operation of the underground floor;
• horizontal layer under the sole of the MZLF - if the building does not have heating or is heated during periodic visits, in order to eliminate the freezing of soils under it, it is necessary to keep the heat of the bowels with a continuous layer of expanded polystyrene.

Important! A set of works to eliminate swelling should be carried out only on clay soils. However, heat losses in a complex basement unit with multilayer linings, by adjoining various structures made of different materials, can only be prevented by the method of external thermal insulation of the vertical surfaces of the foundation.

Materials and technology of foundation insulation

With the existing variety of thermal insulation materials, the foundation is most often insulated with high-density extruded polystyrene foam EPS, XPS, Carbon SP from TechnoNIKOL, Penoplex Foundation. Unlike mineral, glass and ecowool, expanded polystyrene retains heat-insulating properties, even when completely immersed in water. For comparison, basalt wool loses 30% of its properties when wet, and begins to slide off vertical surfaces under its own weight. Relying on soft insulation concrete structures is prohibited.

Heaters

To protect the foundation of a private cottage, the following heat-insulating materials are most effective:

• polyurethane foam - PPU marking, sprayed onto the surface, also available in the form of plates, density 50 - 60 kg / m3, thermal conductivity corresponds to 0.028 units, costs twice as much as expanded polystyrene;
• extruded polystyrene foam - different designations from manufacturers, plates of different sizes, density 35 - 45 kg / m3, thermal conductivity 0.03, cheaper than the previous option.

Insulation of the foundation with extruded polystyrene foam.

The mounting foam used to fill the joints of the insulation is made of polyurethane foam. Therefore, when using Penoplex, XPS, the quality of the joints is higher than the main surface.

The main disadvantage of expanded polystyrene is low chemical resistance - the material is dissolved by petroleum products. Therefore, it is not recommended to paste over concrete surfaces treated with bituminous mastics, deposited roll materials with a bituminous layer. It is better to use polymeric mastics, membranes or polyethylene films. Polyurethane foam is inert to oil products, acids, alkalis and salt solutions.

Budget foam PSB-S has a density of 15 - 25 kg / m3, thermal conductivity of 0.04 units, vapor permeability of 0.05. This heater is used in cases:

• outer layer of vertical crushable insulation;
• fixed formwork for low grillage (lower horizontal deck).

In the first case, the insulation is necessary to protect the main layer of the heat insulator. In the second option, the foam plastic remains after pouring the grillage under the reinforced concrete structure, it is crushed by soils during swelling, so that the heaving forces cannot tear the grillage beams from the pillars or piles, the heads of which are embedded in the structure.

Technology overview

The insulation of the foundation is carried out according to different schemes, depending on the operating mode, design. Protection against swelling is necessary for columnar, strip and slab foundations. Heaving forces practically do not affect the piles, however, with a low grillage on bored, screw piles, the beams must be placed at least 10 cm above the ground.

The scheme of insulation of the foundation and the blind area outside for a house with constant heating.

There are three main operating modes of the house:

• constant heating - insulation reduces heat loss, expands the zone of non-freezing soil around the building and protects the foundation from the effects of negative temperatures;
• heating is completely absent - it is pointless to eliminate heat loss in this case, however, it is necessary to preserve geothermal heat under the building in order to prevent soil freezing, therefore the blind area + the entire perimeter of the garden house under the sole is insulated;
• heating is turned on periodically (baths and cottages) - since there is occasional heating, it is necessary to reduce heat losses in ceilings and floors, the outer surface of the grillage, tape, slab and blind area is insulated, in the absence of heating, it becomes necessary to preserve the heat of the bowels, therefore, the entire perimeter of the house is insulated under the sole foundation.

In garden houses without heating, laying polystyrene foam at the level of the base of the foundation is not always economically viable:

If the depth of the pillars or MZLF is within 40 cm, it makes sense to make a pit, since the fertile layer will still have to be completely removed in order to make floors on the ground.

If the tape or columnar foundation lies deeper, excavation can be avoided by laying the insulation according to a different scheme:

• under the blind area - the perimeter of soil freezing is moved back;
• under the sole of the foundation - protection against swelling;
• on the inner surface of the tape + under the floor on the ground - the preservation of geothermal heat under the entire foundation structure.

If for some reason it is impossible to fill the sinuses of the pits with non-metallic material, in which there is no clay and, accordingly, frost swelling, instead of the standard insulation of the outer surfaces of the strip foundation, a crush-sliding thermal insulation scheme should be used:

• gluing external concrete vertical surfaces with high-density polystyrene foam;
• covering it with polyethylene (attached only in the basement);
• installation of low-density foam plastic PSB-S close to the film without fastening (pressed by the backfill material).

This option is especially relevant for deep-laid tapes. The area of ​​contact of the side surfaces of the tape with clay soils is huge, the pull-out loads are very significant. When heaving forces occur, the soil crushes the foam plastic, shifts it upward along the slippery film. The main layer of insulation is not harmed; after the spring thawing of the soil, the outer layer shifts down again.

Important! Warming is only one method of eliminating swelling in a set of measures. Therefore, drainage and non-metallic materials in the underlying layer, backfilling of the sinuses cannot be canceled.

In the classical technologies of monolithic foundations (slab, tape, pillars), a screed-footing is used to reduce the lower protective layer of concrete, level the base, eliminate leakage of cement laitance from concrete at the time of pouring.

If the building of a seasonal, periodic operation mode is insulated with a layer of polystyrene foam around the entire perimeter of the pit, then there is no need to make footings. That allows you to reduce the construction budget somewhat.

Foundation insulation errors

Due to lack of experience, individual developers often make mistakes when insulating foundations:

• cold bridges - the thermal insulation circuit must be continuous, the seams must be foamed, the joints of the plates must be displaced with a multi-layer circuit in adjacent layers;
• the use of low density materials - PSB-S is allowed only for the lower deck of the grillage, the outer layer of crushable thermal insulation;
• violation of thermal insulation schemes - for basements, MZLF buildings with constant heating, it is necessary to insulate the tape from the outside, without heating and with periodic heating - from the inside;

Cold bridges, nullifying the effectiveness of insulation work, usually occur at the junction points of the basement elements:

• lack of lateral vertical thermal insulation along the perimeter of the floor screed on the ground;
• not insulated concrete preparation;
• lack of expanded polystyrene on the upper horizontal edge of the protruding base;
• incorrect pairing of basement insulation and facade insulation.

Errors in pairing the basement and facade insulation.

Important! It is impossible to correct the cold bridge created as a result of facing the facade with bricks, the bottom row of which is installed directly on the protruding plinth.

Thus, despite the fact that it is recommended to fix the insulation on the outer surfaces of the foundation, this scheme is correct only for dwellings with a constant heating mode. In garden houses, thermal insulation is carried out along the inner edges of the tape. The blind area is always insulated, crumpled thermal insulation is usually necessary for deep-laid tapes.

During the operation of the house, many people often neglect the installation of insulation on the foundation, and it is this area that accounts for 1/5 of all heat loss in the house. The neglect of foundation insulation lies in the fact that many simply do not use the basement. Also, people think that it is unprofitable to insulate this part of the house. In fact, if you insulate the foundation, you can significantly reduce not only heat loss, but also reduce humidity, which will significantly increase the life of the housing. Basically, it is the foundation and walls that can last the longest without restoration work.

Why is the foundation insulated from the outside?

The insulation of the foundation, no matter how absurd it may sound, is always carried out, but only from the outside of the basement. Such actions can only slightly reduce heat loss, but we must not forget that the material inside the foundation quickly collapses under the influence of low temperatures and water. Further, moisture is absorbed into the chips or cracks in the foundation, freezes and destroys the material. In a few years, the lower part of the house will become unsuitable for further existence and serious repairs will be required. The entire lower part of the house will simply begin to crumble, lose its quality, which will subsequently negatively affect the walls and roof of the housing.

If you insulate the foundation from the outside, then there is every chance to significantly increase the safety of heat and reduce the effect of moisture on concrete. The thing is that the dew point, which deforms the materials of the wall and the lower part of the house, shifts towards the side of the insulation, and it resists moisture better, unlike concrete. In addition, such basement insulation is easy to replace.

Foundation insulation methods

It goes without saying that due to the large number of different building materials, there are several ways that can help. make good insulation plinth. For this, ordinary gravel, sheets for insulation can be used, but it is recommended to use polystyrene for do-it-yourself work. This method is quite simple, does not require large expenditures in terms of money and time.

When using polystyrene, one can distinguish such advantages as:

• ease of fastening and installation;
• resistance to moisture and external factors;
• durability and high strength;
• due to high strength, low chance of damage by rodents;
• the lightness of the material allows for do-it-yourself installation using conventional tools;
• polystyrene plates due to their density can take on the weight of the soil;
• acceptable price.

There are other ways to insulate the basement or foundation of a private house. You can even use special foam, but each option has its own advantages and disadvantages, which are better to know in advance.

Insulation of the foundation from the outside with polystyrene

Before starting work on the insulation of the basement from the outside, it is important to carry out calculations. Polystyrene plates count and change their thickness. To insulate the foundation, an ordinary middle strip with a thickness of 5–8 cm is enough.

For work such tools may be required, how:

The whole technology of laying polystyrene sheets can be divided into several stages.

If the construction of the house is only underway, then the laying of insulating plates is started immediately after the foundation is laid and the plates are laid with the ceiling of the basement. If the installation of insulation is carried out on a building that has already been built, then need to dig the foundation around the perimeter of the entire house. The depth of the pit should be about a meter. The depth of the trench should be the full height of the foundation.

After that, all dirt and soil residues are removed from the walls of the foundation of the house. In addition, the surface must be dried and blown.

It often happens that a private house can stand on groundwater, which lies close enough to the foundation. In this case, you must first lay the drainage system at the bottom of the trench, which was dug around the perimeter. After that, river sand is laid at the bottom of the trench, and a geotextile sheet is placed on top. A layer of gravel is laid out on the geotextile, but within reason, so that there is enough space for perforated pipe installation with a diameter of 10 cm or more. After installing the pipe, it is further poured into gravel, a geotextile sheet is laid and river sand is poured. Such a simple drainage is able to qualitatively remove all water from the walls of the foundation for a long time, which will significantly increase its service life.

The surface of the plinth must be coated with a primer, which includes a latex base. The primer allows you to fill all the cracks and chips through which water can enter in the future and begin the destructive effect of the concrete base. After that, the primer is also supplemented with a material with an adhesive waterproofing base, which is installed using a solid roller, which runs along the entire length of the surface. All joints are then treated with sealant.

On the surface of the installed waterproofing, mounting polystyrene sheets. Installation is carried out using a special adhesive, which is applied in broken lines on the edges of the sheet. The indent between the lines should be about 1–2 cm. For high-quality adhesion of sheets with a primer, apply glue at several points in the center of the sheet. Further, sheets of polystyrene are quickly applied to the surface of the base, and pressed well.

The following sheets are installed in the same way, but they must already be connected using special grooves at the joints of the sheet. The material can be installed in different order. For example, if the height of the foundation is large enough, then the polystyrene sheets are stacked in a checkerboard pattern. This type of installation is recommended in order to reduce the chance of vertical seams.

After installing all the plates, gaps are foaming although regular adhesive or sealant can be used. This method is used to reduce the formation of cold bridges.

Many people think that polystyrene sheets need to be firmly attached to the walls of the basement, but in fact this is not necessary, because after filling the soil, it presses the material well to the surface. They fall asleep mainly in the trench, using dry coarse sand. Gravel is also added, but closer to the backfill of the top layer. Gravel is needed in order to create an insulating cushion of the soil layer.

Polystyrene plates, which are installed above the soil level, are no longer fixed with glue, but with the help of special dowels that have a dish-shaped cap. Such dowels are made of plastic, so the chance of cold bridges is minimal. To fasten them with a drill, holes are made in the slabs so that the depth in the concrete is at least 5–7 cm. The dowels are then hammered with a simple hammer. One slab has 4–5 fasteners.

After that, you need to start finishing work, and, more precisely, to plastering with glue. In order to give strength to the plaster, which is applied to the insulating material, a reinforcing mesh is used for outdoor work. It is not installed in advance, but is clamped into the already applied layer of plaster. After finishing work, the plaster must be allowed to dry, and this may take 2-3 days.

As soon as the plaster dries on the surface of the basement, they immediately begin to prepare formwork from planed boards for the blind area, which should be about 60 cm wide. Further under the blind area, on a pillow of gravel-sand material, additional insulation from polystyrene plates, reinforcing mesh are laid with mesh size 10 cm, and then the formwork is simply poured with concrete. After the concrete mortar dries, you can proceed to finish the basement with any decorating material.

Insulation of the foundation outside with expanded clay

How to insulate the basement of the house from the outside? Although one method has already been presented using polystyrene boards, this is not the only way to increase the durability of the walls and foundations of a private house. Basement insulation can be done using expanded clay. Work when using this material proceeds quickly and does not have to be spent much.

Expanded clay was used as a heater long before the invention of various kinds of plates made of polystyrene or polyurethane. The bottom line is that expanded clay made from clay, which means that the material can keep the temperature normal and at the same time not succumb to moisture, and this minimizes its destruction. Expanded clay is obtained in special tanks, which simultaneously swell and harden the clay. Such a simple process significantly reduces the cost of this material, but its installation is quite expensive. In general, all the same, the cost is such that it allows you to save on the background of the use of polystyrene plates.

The material, as mentioned above, can hold back the temperature, but still has a high degree of thermal conductivity. This can only be corrected by using a large amount of expanded clay. In addition, we must not forget that waterproofing will be required. Together, these two requirements make it necessary to carry out large earthworks, and this increases the amount of money and time spent. That is why in our time expanded clay is used as an additional means of warming the foundation of a private house.

Foundation with expanded clay insulated in several stages.

As you can see, unlike the first option with polystyrene plates, there is nothing complicated here.

Conclusion

It is worth warming houses with your own hands, because not only the safety of heat depends on this, but also house lifespan. Carrying out simple do-it-yourself work can significantly increase the comfort component in a private house, as well as protect the walls and the lower part of the building from moisture deformation. The main thing when warming the foundation is to follow all the rules and use high-quality material.

Builders claim that 20% of heat loss is produced through the foundation. Modern technologies make it possible to reduce the likelihood of this negative factor to a minimum.

Warming is carried out by means of additional materials that are attached to the base. When choosing them, it is necessary to take into account not only the price. Of no small importance are the performance properties, installation method, service life and others.

The need to insulate the basement from the outside will maintain comfortable conditions not only indoors, but also in the basement. Thanks to this, it will be possible to store all vegetables and fruits in it for a long period of time. Before starting all the actions, it is necessary to study the features of the thermal insulation of the house. The right approach will save on heating, because the resources will not go into the soil.

basement insulation

At the first stage, a person must find out how to insulate the basement of the building.

It is allowed to opt for materials that fully meet the following requirements:

• do not conduct heat inside their surface;
• do not absorb moisture;
• when compressed, they are characterized by high strength;
• the surface is not a favorable environment for the development of microorganisms.

Additionally, it should be noted that the process of warming the basement of a private house should create optimal conditions for a long period of time. Environmental safety plays an important role.

It is necessary to insulate the foundation and the plinth from the inside and outside. The choice of option directly depends on climatic conditions and the material from which the walls and foundation are made.

Warming outside

Keeping the heat in the room should be taken care of even before the onset of cold weather. To do this, you should insulate the house from the outside with your own hands. Sufficient attention must be paid to the choice of material. It can be in the form of a plate or polymer-based. Before buying, you should consider the advantages, disadvantages and method of installation.

Basement insulation with extruded polystyrene foam

When choosing a material, you should focus on its main properties. Basement insulation allows you to create comfortable conditions for human life in the cold season.

This material has a number of advantages:

• does not accumulate heat in its surface;
• simple installation (convenient cutting, light weight);
• acceptable price;
• high density, which allows you to withstand mechanical stress;
• the material withstands sudden changes in temperature and does not lose its properties;
• will last at least 25 years.

Extruded polystyrene foam loses its flexural strength and can be damaged by rodents. The accumulation of moisture in the upper layer provokes cracking of the material.

Basement insulation with foam plastic is cheap and is rarely used today.

The main stages of installation:

• Measuring the area of ​​the plinth and cutting the extruded polystyrene foam board. In parallel, the same amount of reinforcing mesh should be made.
• Gluing sheets with an overlap of 10 centimeters.
• Installation of additional fasteners by means of a dowel, nail or self-tapping screw.
• The seams are blown with mounting foam. After it dries, the remnants of the substance are removed.
• The insulation of the basement with expanded polystyrene ends with the elimination of reinforcement defects.

Expanded polyurethane foam

If you are thinking about how to insulate the basement of a house quickly and efficiently, then you should pay attention to this material.

It has the following advantages:

• fast installation;
• light weight;
• high inertness and strength of the coating;
• monolithic thermal insulation;
• long service life;
• high adhesion;
• the material does not burn and does not become moldy;
• comfort and versatility.

Among the shortcomings, it should be noted the presence of a negative reaction to ultraviolet radiation. Special equipment must be used during the installation process. It makes it possible to distribute polyurethane over the surface of the plinth.

It will be high only if the material covers the foundation without gaps. In addition, it should be noted that there is no need for preparatory work.

Mineral wool

- this is a heater for the base, which is sold in rolls or mats. Bars are used for fastening. They must be pre-treated with an anti-rotting compound.

Installation of insulation on the base is carried out using dowels:

• Installation of a wooden crate 2 cm smaller than the size of the material. The facing part is fixed with special fasteners or brackets. To improve the decorative properties, siding or lining is placed on top.
• Applying plaster is possible only on the reinforcing mesh. In this case, finishing in the future is possible with the help of tiles or clinker.

Expanded clay insulation

If we insulate the basement, then we should pay attention to the advantages of expanded clay:

• well resists bad weather conditions;
• does not rot and does not freeze;
• does not serve as a favorable environment for the development of rodents;
• simple installation and the possibility of deep location of the material.

If it is made with expanded clay, then you will additionally need to install a thick partition.

When carrying out installation work, you need to be prepared for material overruns:

• formation of a trench with a foundation 1 m wide;
• flooring made of roofing material coated with bitumen;
• filling the ditch with expanded clay;
• additional protection with roofing felt and sand;
• installation on the plinth of the crate of the boards, which will be covered with clay on top.

Insulation with thermal panels

You can close the bottom of the house with the help of thermal panels. They create an excellent thermal insulation layer. Thanks to this, the indoor climate will be optimal. It will be possible to minimize the likelihood of cold air entering from outside. Finishing can be done with any building materials that completely suit the owner of the house.

Before performing the installation, you should find out how to properly insulate the basement of the house from the outside with thermal panels:

• Creation of a framework of panels - a side.
• Panel installation. The process is carried out quickly due to the groove fastening system.
• Additional fixation with self-tapping screws.
• Stitching and grouting.

Insulation with warm plaster

The basement is insulated and finished with special adhesive mixtures. They are known in construction under the name. They include sawdust, vermiculite or polystyrene foam.

The material has the following advantages:

• Monolithic thermal insulation.
• Ease and speed of installation. Installation of reinforcing mesh is completely optional.
• Acceptable cost.

If you plan to sheathe the base with plaster, then its disadvantages should also be taken into account:

• Ability to absorb moisture.
• The layer cannot exceed 5 cm.
• Plaster cannot be used as a finishing material.

Socle insulation with soil

There is a large number of tips for insulating each part of the building. But, all builders agree that sand or soil can be used as a temporary option. The method involves filling the base with a large part of the soil.

In this case, it is not possible to achieve a minimum heat loss. The required amount of soil can be obtained only if assistants are involved in the task. One person can't handle it. The basement also contains ventilation ducts that will need to be brought out during the arrangement.

Warming from the inside

Modern technologies allow a person to choose the most suitable option for insulating the basement between internal or external. The first option will protect the room from low temperatures. However, in the absence of the outer part of the insulation, condensation may accumulate on the wall.

Against this background, the ability of the coating to protect a person from the cold decreases. Installation must be carried out in accordance with all norms and rules. Thanks to this, it will be possible to prevent freezing, cracking, deformation and crumbling.

Styrofoam and expanded polystyrene

It is most profitable and most reliable to insulate houses from the outside with polystyrene foam, but this possibility does not always exist. In some cases, it can only be fixed on the inside of the walls.

Insulation with foam boards has the following advantages:

• noise reduction;
• low degree of passage of steam;
• the surface does not deteriorate under the influence of chemicals;
• environmentally friendly and fireproof material.

Foam insulation has only one drawback - a high degree of fragility.

Installation is carried out in a similar way with the external version. You should first analyze all the pros and cons.

Mineral wool

The material can be used to insulate the basement and is characterized by the following positive qualities:

• retains its shape at any temperature;
• counteracts chemicals;
• simple installation process;
• low thermal conductivity;
• saving;
• material does not burn.

Among the disadvantages, attention should be paid to the need to use a layer for hydro and vapor barrier. If mineral wool was made on the basis of glass, then dust will accumulate in its surface.

Installation is carried out by applying an adhesive composition to the insulation and the surface. Thus, it is also possible to insulate the blind areas around the house. Sheets should be evenly spaced and joints should be avoided.

For additional fixation of the coating, it is allowed to screw a bar over the layer of mineral wool. In addition, it acts as a pad for softening. A couple of days after drying, it is recommended to screw the insulation layer with dowels or self-tapping screws.

polyurethane foam

This material has long been used in the case when it is necessary to decide how to close the basement of a house on screw piles. Also, using a similar technology, it can be used to insulate the foundation from the inside.

The work does not require much time and effort. For their implementation, special equipment must be available. Thanks to this insulation, it will be possible to protect the base not only from the outside, but also from the inside.

Insulated plinth finish

The basement is an integral part of any building. After carrying out the insulation work, you should proceed to the cladding. In any hardware store, a person can find decorative plaster for this. There is also a wide range of other materials.

decorative plaster

A person may be faced with the question of how to create protection and sew up houses on stilts in order to reduce heat loss. It is best to finish the plinth with plaster.

The material is durable, but this is far from its only advantage:

• installation directly on the heater;
• you can cook yourself;
• a hardware store sells many ready-made product options;
• does not interfere with air circulation;
• acceptable cost.

Among the shortcomings, it should be noted a shorter service life than other materials. The plaster absorbs moisture, so it cracks at low temperatures.

brick

Additional fixation of the insulation layer can be achieved with bricks. Only the cladding is done only as a decoration. Masonry can be ordinary or tied up in a multi-row system. All jobs require special skills. Otherwise, a good result is unlikely to come out. It is important to correctly overlay the corner and window sill areas. With the help of a brick, an excellent result is achieved according to external criteria.

Basement siding

The choice of proper insulation directly depends on the weather conditions of the region. Siding reduces heat loss, so it is often used when carrying out facing work. The material is lightweight and flexible. In any hardware store you can find a wide range of products of this group.

Tiles, porcelain tiles

This material is used to reliably protect the walls of the house from the negative effects of the external environment. Porcelain stoneware, ceramic tiles are a popular option that is used to refine the basement. It is important to properly process each node, because it is through such an element that heat can be lost.

On the tile, you should stop your choice, because it has a number of advantages:

• a wide range of colors and textures;
• color does not change under the influence of sunlight;
• environmental friendliness of the material;
• will not be damaged by open fire.

We should not forget that subsequently drilling the tile can be very difficult. It weighs a lot, so it is not convenient for transportation. Porcelain stoneware has a high cost, so not everyone can afford it.

Artificial, natural stone

This material is environmentally friendly. It perfectly resists moisture and is not subject to pollution. If it is necessary to close the foundations with piles or screw piles, then natural stone is the best fit.

This design has the longest service life. The region of residence plays an important role. The climate can lead to occasional salt seepage. If there is such a risk, then it is better to give preference to another material.

Conclusion

Properly selected basement insulation will create optimal conditions not only in residential premises, but also in the basement. The choice of material directly depends on the financial capabilities of the person and the region of residence. With a detailed analysis of these criteria, you can choose the best option for a particular case.

Thermal insulation of the foundation is an important and crucial stage in the construction and repair of a house. An uninsulated foundation is not only a serious heat loss, but also a risk of freezing and subsequent destruction of the underground structures of the building. Insulation of the foundation from the outside allows you to reduce heat loss by several times, in addition, it reliably protects the base of the house from the effects of groundwater and low temperatures.

Why is the insulation of the foundation from the outside more effective?

To understand this issue, it is necessary to imagine the working conditions of the foundation. The foundation takes on both the load from the building and the pressure of the soil. Its underground part is constantly exposed to ground and atmospheric waters, while the porous foundation material can get wet, absorbing moisture. When the soil temperature drops below zero, not only the soil freezes, but also the wet foundation. At the same time, cracks and chips form in porous concrete. In addition, seasonal movements of heaving soils also have a destructive effect. These factors gradually lead to partial destruction of the foundation, followed by damage to the walls of the building.

To avoid the harmful effects of the environment on the foundation, they resort to a set of measures, and the two main protective measures are its insulation. At the same time, insulation is most often carried out precisely outside, since with external insulation, not only the premises of the house, but also the foundation itself are protected. In some cases, they also resort to warming the foundation from the inside, most often when external warming is impossible.

Materials and methods of insulation of the foundation

There are several ways to insulate the foundation from the outside:

• Backfilling with sand or expanded clay. The oldest and least effective method, based on the property of these materials to remove moisture and create an air gap near the walls of the foundation.
• Insulation with foam boards and its modern analogues: polystyrene foam, polystyrene.
• Insulation using mineral mats, followed by sheathing the foundation with a protective screen;
• Spraying on the surface of polyurethane foam using a special installation. As a result, a seamless layer is created that is resistant to mechanical damage with high thermal insulation properties.

Backfilling the foundation with sand and expanded clay

The advantages of the method include the low cost of the material and the ability to perform thermal insulation on their own, without the use of professional help. In addition, the backfill layer is simultaneously waterproofing and compensates for soil pressure during heaving, which makes it possible to effectively use this method on wet clay soils with a high frost heaving coefficient.

Execution technology:

1. A pit is being prepared along the perimeter of the foundation from the outside. Its depth should be slightly lower than the depth of the foundation, and the width depends on the region and soil moisture. The lower the temperature during the winter months and the higher the groundwater level, the wider the pit should be.
2. Drainage is performed at the bottom of the pit: geotextile is laid, covered with gravel, a perforated pipe is placed on the gravel, and again a layer of gravel. The pipes are connected into a single system and taken to the well.
3. The foundation is cleaned and dried, after which it is performed. The choice of the type of waterproofing depends on the operating conditions of the foundation, but it should be taken into account: when backfilling with expanded clay, it is impossible to apply coating waterproofing with bitumen or polymer compositions due to the possibility of damage to the waterproofing film.
4. The prepared trench is backfilled with sand or expanded clay, ramming it in layers.

Insulation of the foundation with foam plastic and its analogues

A modern and highly effective method that allows high-quality thermal insulation of the walls of the foundation. The advantages of the method are high thermal insulation characteristics of the material, ease of thermal insulation, material resistance to mechanical stress and damage, ease of finishing. Disadvantages - preparation of the foundation surface is required, protection of the insulation layer from rodents, as well as waterproofing suitable for this method.

Execution technology:

1. The surface of the foundation is dug to the full depth, cleaned, dried. Remains of bituminous waterproofing, fats, oils must be removed from the surface - polystyrene foam and its analogues are destroyed upon contact with these substances.
2. The foundation is waterproofed in one of the following ways: using polymer-based mastics; or .
3. Plates of heat-insulating material are laid on a special glue - it is sold in the form of a dry mixture. Plates usually have grooves that facilitate their joining and prevent the appearance of cracks, gaps and cold bridges.
4. The surface of the foundation is protected with reinforcing mesh from damage by rodents, laying it on the same glue. After the glue has dried, the underground part of the foundation is backfilled with sand, and the ground part is additionally fixed with the help of special dowels with a wide cap.

Foundation insulation with mineral insulation (mineral wool)

This method is used quite rarely, since, along with good thermal insulation, it has a number of disadvantages: its implementation requires the construction of a frame, good protection of the insulation from getting wet, and the construction of a protective wall made of bricks or other finishing materials. It is usually used to perform the ground part of the foundation and the basement as a continuation of the thermal insulation of the walls of the house.

Execution technology:

1. The surface of the foundation is cleaned and dried, defects are eliminated.
2. Perform on it a frame for heat-insulating mats from a metal profile.
3. Lay heat-insulating mats on the frame and fix them. The surface of the insulation is covered from external moisture with a vapor-permeable wind and hydroprotective film.
4. A protective brick wall or a ventilated frame is erected.

One of the most effective ways to insulate the foundation, both outside and inside. For its implementation, special equipment is required - a spraying installation, with the help of which the insulation components are supplied to the surface of the foundation under high pressure. The result is a seamless foam layer with high thermal and waterproofing properties. To perform such waterproofing, it is better to contact specialists, since the quality of the coating largely depends on the correctly selected mode and the installation itself.

Thermal insulation of the foundation from the outside can reduce the heat loss of the building by 20-25%, while increasing its service life. Thermal insulation of the foundation can be carried out both at the facility under construction and at the building in operation.