From the beginning of spring, people who are engaged in gardening begin a hot season. Some plants are sown at home in early March, so that they have time to get stronger by the time they are planted in open ground in May - June, when the earth warms up properly. We are talking mainly about thermophilic species, whose homeland is warmer latitudes than those in which people sow them. Tomatoes, cucumbers, zucchini, and many other plants familiar to the gardener are sown in advance, at the very beginning of spring.
But shrubs, fruit seedlings are also planted mainly in the spring. Why do people do this? People who are not too keen on gardening and horticulture may well have such a question.
Solar activity and warmth
In autumn, experienced people do not even plant onions on the windowsill. And all because a short daylight hours does not contribute to photosynthesis and vegetation of the plant. Germination, and even more so, flowering, fruiting require strength from him. And the sun gives energy to plants. When it is not enough, it is necessary either to create artificial lighting, or to abandon the cultivation of plants. In most cases, people simply postpone such tasks to a more favorable time for this. At the end of winter, daylight hours increase rapidly, solar energy becomes sufficient, the first seeds can be sown. In most regions of Russia at this time there is still snow, because the plants are planted in containers and kept at home or on insulated loggias. Once the snow has melted and the soil has warmed up enough, it makes sense to check the weather forecast for the coming weeks and make sure no frost is expected. After that, the plants can be planted in open ground.
Can plants be planted in summer?
Spring is a favorable time when plants have enough solar activity, and melted snow provides a sufficient amount of moisture. Therefore, it is better to plant plants in spring - they take root well, they tolerate the stress from transplanting more easily, and grow vigorously. Many crops can be planted in summer, providing additional watering if necessary. Fertilizers play an important role and should not be forgotten either. But in the summer, the transplant is more traumatic, and the seeds show a lower percentage of germination. In addition, crops planted in summer may not be able to harvest in time. It takes quite a long time for the fruits to ripen, and the summer in Russia is fast.
Cucumbers planted in the form of seeds immediately into the ground will not have time to give fruit if they are planted in late spring or summer. But the plants planted in containers in early spring will have time to go through the growing season, grow pepper and provide the gardener with a good harvest.
Why are some shrubs and trees planted in the fall?
If we talk about fruit trees and berry bushes, some ornamental plants - for example, a rose, then they can be planted in the fall. In this case, they work with seedlings in late autumn, but not before frost, so that they have at least a week or two to adapt and prepare for winter. During this time, the plants have time to harden in the ground, then they simply hibernate under the snow. If the wintering goes well, the shrubs or trees will bud in the spring.
When planting in autumn, a perennial plant gets more time to adapt, which means that it will bloom and bear fruit a season earlier than its counterparts planted in spring. The practice of gardeners shows that autumn planting is in some cases more effective than spring planting. But there is a risk of plant death from frost or lack of moisture. When planting in autumn, seedlings should be insulated for the winter, although each variety has its own recommendations.
Interesting fact: other crops are sown in the fall. In particular, there are wheat plantings, called winter crops - they are sown in the fall. Many farms use both winter and spring planting methods, selecting crops for which one or another sowing option is recommended.
Thus, plants are planted in spring due to the fact that they take root better during this period. The spring sun gives them energy for germination and vegetation, and then they have the whole summer for flowering and fruiting. Spring planting is the most promising for those who want to get a big harvest, or grow beautiful flowers. In northern latitudes, you have to start growing seedlings at home, because spring does not provide enough warmth for planting in the ground.
But despite all the inconveniences that may be associated with this, gardeners still adhere to this scheme for thermophilic plants and for crops that need a long time to form fruit. The spring sun powerfully spurs the growing season, and plant lovers do not want to miss this favorable period.
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Why in the spring and summer outside the city, in the country, where there is clean air and spring water, do many sneeze and cough again, like in a city apartment? Spring ... Naturally, this couple evokes the most pleasant emotions in every normal person: the sun, the first greenery, the birds are singing. Tell me, what else does an average Belarusian, exhausted by long chalads, need to be happy? By the way, there is a group of people who are not at all happy with the arrival of spring and then summer, on the contrary, they are worried. These pakutniks are allergies, who react to the awakening of nature by exacerbating the disease. It is called "Hay fever", or palinozam. What an allergy to attack! Allergy is perhaps the most common disease. No wonder it is called the disease of the new century. The statistics are sad: every fifth inhabitant of our planet suffers from it. This is very strange, because air washers have already been invented that can solve all problems.
But if we consider that not everyone who sneezes and coughs has the corresponding entries in the medical card, then the size of this phenomenon looks velizar. Allergens - the very irritants from which the nose clogs up, the eyes watery and the whole body itches - everyone has their own. and we know them well. Therefore, in advance by phone, we ask you to close the cat on the balcony if we nakrovat to visit. We do not use chocolate, oranges and are treated only with medicines that have been tested many times. and yet, from time to time, allergy symptoms remind of themselves. Without warning. For no specific reason. And most importantly, where they are least expected, including at home, in the country. Palynosis with enviable regularity comes to allergy sufferers in the spring, accompanies them in the summer and says goodbye only in the fall. By the way, this disease deliberately chooses each victim. Someone reacts already in April-May to smells that come from the inflorescences of birch, alder, hazel. The second one suffers in June, when the cereal grasses are "dusting", the third - in July-August, when the weed begins to bloom - ragweed, wormwood and quinoa. Those who are especially unlucky can prachhats and praplakats (these are the most frequent manifestations of palinoza) all spring and summer.
What kind of torment this is, perhaps only the allergists themselves know. Food of the Gods Causes Asthma An allergic reaction to plants that bloom, according to doctors, is one of the most dangerous diseases. It reduces a person's immunity, makes him dependent on drugs, from the weather, even from the wind. At least last year in August in Zaporozhye, in one night alone, the ambulance received about 200 people with complaints of unforeseen suffocation. Later it became known that the ragweed pollen, which was lifted into the air by a strong wind, was to blame for everything. People almost simultaneously reacted to the pollen, which made it impossible for them to breathe normally. The fact is that ragweed, which is also called "food of the gods", grows not at all in heavenly crowns, but on a sinful earth, and contains the most vicious allergens - provocateurs of bronchial asthma. Ambrosia begins to bloom in August and "poisons" the entire area almost until the first frost.
In the spring and in the first half of summer, there is an active growth of plants. Proteins are built from nitrogen, due to which the plant grows.
Overwintered perennials initially grow from the reserves of nutrients accumulated in bulbs, rhizomes and roots. But already at the first stages of growth, they need nitrogen. Therefore, during the period of snow melting, it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers at the rate of 20-30 g / m2. for bulbous and 10-15 g / m5 for other perennials. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers are recommended to be applied in autumn or spring, at the first loosening of the soil, at 50-60 g / m2 of phosphorus and 20-30 g / m2. potash.
The second fertilizing with nitrogen is carried out 3 weeks after the first, 20-30 g / m2.
The third top dressing is barked during the budding or flowering period with a complete mineral fertilizer in the form of a solution containing 10 g of nitrogen, 30 phosphorus and 20 potassium fertilizers per 1 square meter. flower garden.
In the fall, feeding is required for all perennials; per 1 sq. a flower garden should have 10 g of nitrogen, 50-60 g of phosphorus and 30 g of potassium fertilizers.
This is the general scheme for applying mineral fertilizers when caring for flower beds. However, it is advisable to differentiate fertilizer doses depending on the biological characteristics of plants.
So, bulbous (hyacinths, tulips, daffodils) are plants with a short nitrogen-cation period, absorbing nutrients in the fall, from the moment of the formation of new roots and intra-onion development. Soil preparation for bulbous is carried out 1.5-2 months before planting with the introduction of organic fertilizers (8-10 kg / m2), a full dose of phosphorus and potassium (6-9 g / m2 of each type) and a half dose nitrogen (4.5-6 g). In the spring, when sprouts appear, under tulips, daffodils apply nitrogen fertilization of 10-15 g / mg of ammonium nitrate, under hyacinths - nitrogen and potassium at 6 g / m2. flower garden.
It is recommended to apply 8-10 kg / m2 under lilies annually. organic fertilizers (leafy soil), and at the age of 3-4 years, mineral fertilizing with a total annual dose: nitrogen 9, phosphorus 9 and potassium 12 g / m2. flower garden. The first feeding is carried out at the beginning of spring growth with nitrogen (3 g / m2), the second - during the period of strong vegetative growth with nitrogen (3 g / m2) and potassium (6 g / m2); 3rd - during the budding period with a mixture of fertilizers - nitrogen and phosphorus 3 g each and potassium 6 g / m2 phosphorus.
When caring for peonies, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers should be carried out according to the following scheme: first - during the appearance of sprouts (nitrogen); the second - during the budding period (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium); the third is at the beginning of flowering (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium); the fourth - a month after the beginning of flowering (phosphorus, potassium). The rates of fertilizers applied for peonies depend on the age of the plants: for 2-3-year-olds, the dose of general fertilizer is 12 g, and from 4 years old - 16-18 g. of each element by 1 and 1.
Korean chrysanthemums also need mineral dressing: at the beginning of growth - nitrogen, before budding - phosphorus and potassium. It is recommended to apply in liquid form, 1.5 g of a mixture of fertilizers per 10 liters of water.
Irises require three additional dressings: the first - during the period of germination, the second - a month after the first (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium); the third is after flowering (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). The total dose is 6-9 g / m2. Top dressing should be applied in liquid form, since the rhizome is very superficial. Irises do not tolerate lime.
Why do you need to behave differently in spring and summer in clear sunny weather?
Although it is colder outside in spring than in summer, solar radiation can also be harmful to your health. The spring sun is practically no different from the summer sun.
Differences between spring and summer sun rays
After a long frosty winter, everyone wants to swim in the sunshine. A huge number of people strive to get the "sunshine vitamin" in the spring. But everything is not as simple as it seems at first glance. This is because people consider the spring sun to be absolutely safe and harmless. This is why we hardly ever use any sunscreens such as creams. But in fact, the spring sun emits no less. When the sun's ultraviolet rays hit your defenseless skin, they can cause burns and a variety of skin conditions. Also, everyone knows that in no case should you look at the sun for a long time, this can lead to burns of the shell of the eye. Despite all of the above, it's still not worth spending time at home all the time. The sun's rays are rich in vitamin D, which our body needs. In order to replenish the supply of this very vitamin, which the body lacked in winter, you need to spend as much time as possible in the fresh air and walk in nature. And of course, do not forget the precautions and protection.
Sun exposure precautions
In order to avoid unpleasant consequences and burns, you should follow the rules listed below.
- First of all, you should use creams that can protect your skin from solar radiation.
- To avoid sunstroke, wear hats (caps, panama hats, etc.).
- Never be in the open sun, try to be in the shade more often.
- Use sunglasses that you should buy from pharmacies or specialty stores.
- Stay under the sun as little as possible when it is at its zenith.
