It is quite difficult to imagine any personal plot without such a type of building as a cellar. It greatly helps in storing many food products, providing optimal temperature and humidity.

At the same time, not everyone knows how to properly build a cellar on a site so that it correctly performs all the functions assigned to it. It is not very difficult to erect this structure, if you take into account all the aspects and features of this process.

In order to dig a free-standing cellar, on the site or in the garden, it is best to use environmentally friendly, natural materials. They will not be toxic to those products that will be stored in the building.

If this is not a problem for preservation, then for vegetables and fruits in open boxes this factor can be very unfavorable. They are able to absorb certain odors, as well as some substances. Experts also do not recommend using metal when building a cellar. It can serve as a conductor of cold, which violates the optimal temperature for storing food during the winter season.

In order to build a cellar with your own hands, you will need the following materials:

1. To build walls you will need either bricks or foam blocks. If possible, concrete slabs can be used.
2. The floor is poured from cement mortar. For neg, cement itself, sand, water, crushed stone and reinforcement are used directly.
3. Either ready-made concrete slabs are used as the basis for the floors, or they are poured. It will require appropriate wooden formwork, reinforcement and concrete itself.
4. You can use either a geomembrane or roofing felt attached to the walls with mastic.
5. For the roof you will need both appropriate wood (bars and boards) and roofing felt.
6. The inside of the cellar can be arranged using two plastic pipes.
7. For openings in the form of hatches and doors, they are most often used Various types lumber, or buy finished products.
8. As interior decoration walls, experts recommend using either plaster mixtures, or wooden boards. They can cover both the walls themselves and the ceiling.

The internal structure of the cellar is equipped with appropriate elements - shelves, racks, drawers, etc. Wood is most often used to make them. In certain cases, the structure is made of metal, after which it is sheathed with boards.

You should be prepared for the fact that everything wooden elements will need to be handled accordingly. For this, various antiseptics are used to protect the material from various microorganisms, mold, rot, etc.

Preparing the pit and pouring the foundation

The bottom of the pit itself should be compacted and strewn with sand and crushed stone. This is necessary so that the structure itself does not sag. The drainage pad should be about 30 centimeters thick. Sand takes up 20 centimeters, while gravel needs to be laid on top of it. This material should be compacted very firmly from above so that it penetrates deep inside. (About drainage on the site)

Reinforcement should be laid on top of the sand and gravel layer. It is best to use rods with a diameter of about 8 millimeters. They can be connected to each other, either with wire or connected using welding equipment. The resulting layer must be filled with concrete on top. To prepare it, it is not necessary to use any special formula - sand and cement should be diluted in a ratio of 3 to 1. This part of the cellar should harden for about one week, after which you can begin laying the walls.

Near the foundation you can dig several tens of centimeters in width of the structure. This space will make it easier to build a cellar. After completion of the work, it should be filled with soil.

Waterproofing device

In fact, simply digging a cellar is not enough, since it is also necessary to pay attention to other types of work. First of all, this concerns waterproofing and foundations. As for insulation from water that is in the ground or can penetrate into it, then for this they use special materials that do not allow liquid to come into contact with both the floor and the walls of the structure.

The cheapest and most common waterproofing material used for arranging a cellar is rolled roofing felt. Glue it in several layers, going in opposite directions from each other. For good adhesion, a material such as tar is used. If this is done efficiently, the underground part of the cellar (or rather, its floor) will be well protected from water leakage.

Instead of roofing felt you can use modern material for waterproofing - geomembrane

Since the walls are also exposed to liquid, they, like the bottom of the cellar, should be covered with waterproofing. But it’s worth starting this work after the walls are built. It is worth remembering that in this case the roofing material must be slightly bent onto them. They cover the walls on top because these places are quite vulnerable, often being located directly at ground level.

Cellar wall construction

When building cellars, many people don’t know how to make walls correctly. This is due to the fact that a wide variety of materials are used for this part of the structure, which implies certain differences in the entire process. Most often, either concrete, brick or foam blocks are used for walls.

For those who are interested in the question of how to build a concrete cellar, there is a fairly simple answer. First of all, it is worth building a reinforcement frame. For it, two vertical rows of 10 mm reinforcement are used, connected together with wire three-dimensional design. It is necessary to build around it on both sides wooden formwork.

When it is created, you can begin to fill this limited volume with pre-prepared concrete. To ensure that no voids form in it, you need to use a special construction vibrator.

It is worth noting at what distance the wooden wall formwork elements should be from each other. A width of 10 centimeters is sufficient. This layer allows you to create a good microclimate in the food storage room itself.

Concrete walls should gain strength in about 2-3 weeks. Only after this can the wooden formwork be removed and proceed to further work.

If you build a cellar near a private house using bricks, then you should purchase M200 grade cement for the mortar. It is best to arrange two layers of walls. For them you only need to use solid brick. When the walls are built, do not forget about the waterproofing layer.

To do this, you can use a special substance that coats the outer side from the foundation to the very top. Roofing felt should be glued on top of it. It's better to do just that, spending more money rather than having to redo the entire structure after just a couple of years due to leaks, mold and mildew.

The outer side of the walls can be additionally lined with clay. She is quite dense material which can retain fluid. Just a 10-centimeter layer protects the cellar well from negative impact groundwater.

Arrangement of the entrance

There are quite a few different entrances that can be used for a cellar. Most simple option is an ordinary hatch with a manhole. Most often they resort to this method of organizing an entrance in cases where there is limited by space, or as a result of the fact that the depth of the structure is very large.

It is worth noting that from the hatch cover to the ceiling directly interior space must be at least 1 meter. Often two types of coverings are installed: one is external, the second is internal between the manhole and the cellar. To descend into basement use a regular basement ladder.

A more complete entrance is equipped with a wide door opening onto the surface. Behind it there is a gentle staircase that allows you to gradually descend into the underground storage. Such an entrance to the cellar from the street can be suitably refined, making it quite attractive and interesting.

It is worth remembering that the door must also be lined with waterproofing material on the inside. It is best if there is a vestibule behind it - a room into which air can enter outside temperature without getting directly into the room where the products are stored. In this case, the underground part of the structure will be quite large, but more convenient and functional. In addition, in this case, you can make a full-fledged staircase from concrete or bricks with an inclination angle of about 45 degrees.

Roof installation

Before you make a cellar in a private house or on the street, you should think about what all its elements will look like. First of all, this concerns those parts of the structure that will be visible to all people, that is, the exterior itself. You can cover the cellar different ways, each of which has different advantages and disadvantages. It may look like a single slope or gable roof. It can be covered with turf or soil on top, thereby additionally creating thermal insulation for the room.

Setting up a roof for the foundation is quite easy. Initially, the beams should be laid, after which the floor itself in the form of boards should be placed directly on them. You need to put a rafter system on top of it. The roof needs to be secured to it. A waterproof material should be used for it. In this case, the cellar will look like a small house. If you cover it with natural elements (soil, stones, landscape decorations), then it can quite easily dissolve in this environment.

It can be done without a visible roof. A croaker is used for this. It should be laid so that the flat side is at the bottom. It needs to be covered with plaster and then whitened with lime. The top of the structure is covered with roofing felt. A straw-clay mixture is laid on top of it, onto which soil is poured along with turf. It is best if you cover everything with grass on top.

Do not forget that there is space in the roof for two pipes. Their diameter should be 100 millimeters. One hole should go outside directly from the ceiling of the cellar. The other pipe should be placed so that it does not reach the floor by 30 centimeters.

An excavated cellar, separate from the building, is not only functional room, but also a rather stylish and beautiful element of the yard, which should not only be properly equipped, but also quite well landscaped.

Video: Basic principles of laying a cellar

Conclusion

Before you make a cellar on the street (in a private house), you need to carefully prepare. This implies a purchase necessary materials, creation of an appropriate plan, approximate scheduling of work. In this case, you can be prepared for all the nuances of the construction itself, carrying it out as quickly and correctly as possible.

Constructed cellar in full compliance with all recommendations experienced craftsmen, will function correctly for a long time, extending the shelf life of food products by personal plot.

A cellar is a place where you can store almost any food. The main advantage of this building, when compared with a regular pantry, is obvious - in it you can keep salted or fresh vegetables and fruits, and a variety of preserves. All year round, the temperature in the cellar does not exceed 7°C, which is almost the temperature of a refrigerator.

There are several types of cellars. The simplest one is earthen. You can also build a cellar in the garage. There are also such cellars as above-ground, with a cellar, blocked cellar, etc.

To do this you will need: water, clay and chopped straw. Mix the solution until it becomes plastic and viscous.

Apply the solution in several layers, waiting each time completely dry previous layer. After this, you can cover the walls with slab boards.

You can also lay out the walls from old bricks, or simply fill them with concrete.

For better storage vegetables and vegetables different products contributes to the earthen floor of the cellar. The base of the pit is well-compacted crushed stone, filled with bitumen on top. Next on top is an adobe floor. A good option is a cement screed.

For a more convenient cellar, you will have to build steps. Initially, it is necessary to dig the future staircase and compact the earth well in place of the steps. Next you need to make formwork from plywood on the side surfaces of the steps above horizontal plane. Next we fill cement mortar step slabs. The steps must be lined with bricks, and the treads of the slabs must be made of stone.

Roof and cellar door design

Self-construction cellar means protecting its upper part. You can build a standard one over the cellar, larger in size than the cellar itself by 50 cm on each side.

Such measures will help prevent water from flowing into the cellar during rain. Be sure to insulate the door with several layers of foam rubber, and then cover it with dermantine on top.

This is quite an important process. All waterproofing materials can be divided into two types: non-pressure and counter-pressure. The second type of materials is used if groundwater reaches the floor level on the water pressure side. The first type of materials is used if the groundwater level does not reach the floor.

For better protection from water, use a drainage layer during construction., as a rule, are connected to a special well located next to the cellar. The drainage is alternated in layers with soil, and when laying the layers, it must be compacted.

To reduce groundwater, build – i.e. a special container with a certain slope for water drainage.

If the cellar is protected from groundwater, then waterproofing can be done with heated bitumen. Before covering the walls with bitumen, be sure to treat them with cement mortar. Waterproofing with bitumen is usually applied in two layers. While the bitumen is drying, the walls are usually sprinkled with sand.

Correct storage is the key to successful food storage. In the cellar, the hood can be of two types.

The first option is natural ventilation. It is performed using two pipes: exhaust and supply. This hood is based on the temperature difference between the room and the street, because of this, continuous air circulation occurs.

Usually the exhaust pipe is mounted near the ceiling, and its end is located half a meter above the cellar level. That. heated air goes out. And at the bottom of the cellar, a supply pipe is installed 10 cm above the floor line. She needs to be protected metal mesh from pests and insects.

The second type of ventilation is forced. It is created using special fans. The device is the same as in the first case. This ventilation is necessary in summer period, because There is no air exchange due to the increase in outside temperature.

By observing all technological conditions, you will build a high-quality and reliable cellar that will delight you for many decades.

A cellar is a mandatory extension in a country house or near a private house. In this room all year round held optimal temperature for saving vegetables, fruits, canning and preparations. It is quite possible to build a cellar yourself. To do this, it is necessary to assess the condition of the soil, determine the optimal type of structure, select materials and adhere to the chosen technology.

Requirements for arranging a cellar

The optimal place for canned food and grown crops is the cellar. This room supports natural conditions And temperature regime about +4°C. A favorable microclimate is necessary to preserve the presentation and taste characteristics fruits and vegetables.

Some people confuse the concepts of cellar and basement. However, these are completely different structures. The basement is located in the basement of the building. The cellar is arranged separately - separately on the plot. The design is made invisible, or vice versa, protrudes bright element landscape design.

Practical use of vegetable storage is possible subject to certain conditions:

• the presence of a low temperature - the cellar is built underground or arranged in a basement in contact with external wall Houses;
• darkening - windows are excluded from the cellar design;
• constant filling with clean and fresh air thanks to natural and supply and exhaust ventilation;
• air humidity is about 80-90%.

Selecting the optimal design and materials

Depending on the depth of burial, the following types of cellars are distinguished.

Ground structure rises above the surface, the depth of the structure is no more than one meter. Essentially this is a small bin for vegetables. A storage shed can be erected anywhere, even in small lowlands.

Construction of a “garden” storage shed - optimal solution for waterlogged areas and low-lying areas. Distinctive feature above ground cellar - no ceiling. As a rule, it is arranged gable roof from boards. Thanks to this, the time and final cost of constructing a vegetable storage facility are reduced. An additional plus is the ease of building such a cellar with your own hands.

A more spacious above-ground cellar - externally the building resembles a small house. Earth is poured on top of the ceiling, covering the ceiling with a thick layer. The end side with the door remains unprotected. Planted on top of the backfill lawn grass, decorating the territory and keeping the soil from crumbling with its roots.

Semi-buried cellar- the most popular type of structure. The structure is externally similar to a ground structure, but part of the room (about 1.5 m) is located underground. Entrance door in the bins is located below the ground surface, so it is necessary to provide a system for draining melt/rain water. Door design thoroughly insulated.

Deep cellar well suited for compact areas. However, its construction is possible only when groundwater is low or with thorough drainage and waterproofing. The entrance can be covered with a heat-insulating removable cover or decorated with a special cellar - small house with a hatch in the ceiling. The cellar can be used as utility room to accommodate gardening equipment, various household items or vegetables.

The cellar walls are built from different materials: stone, brick, concrete or asbestos cement sheets. It is not advisable to build a building from metal, since it is difficult to achieve a suitable temperature regime.

When using earth as the main material for the walls, the inside of the bin is lined with wood. The wooden slats must be thoroughly dried, sanded, treated with an antiseptic and dried again.

Making a cellar with your own hands: video on selecting materials

How to make a cellar with your own hands: recessed design

Assessment of terrain and soil conditions

The best location for the cellar is a hill, hillock or hill. Groundwater in such cases passes far from the surface of the earth. When placed on a hill, rainwater ingress is reduced. In addition, you will be able to save on waterproofing materials.

Many people prefer to build a cellar next to residential building, to quickly reach and take the necessary products in the cold season, in the rain, etc.

Before starting construction, you need to find out the type of soil and the possibility of constructing a buried/semi-buried vegetable storage facility. To do this, you need to do a little test:

1. At the site where the bin is being built, place a scrap of natural wool and a raw egg on top.
2. Cover the “structure” with a jar and leave for one night.
3. Evaluate the result of the experiment:
   • if the wool has dew droplets, then groundwater is located nearby;
   • if the egg and wool are dry, then the water is deep and you can safely start working.

Before building a cellar with your own hands, it is advisable to evaluate the type of soil:

1. Peat is the optimal type for bunding. This soil minimizes food spoilage, which is especially important when storing root crops.
2. Quicksand is heaving soil that is not suitable for building an “internal” cellar. This soil contains loam, sand and sandy loam. To be able to build a vegetable storage facility, you will have to replace the soil and add sand.
3. Sandy soil is well suited for arranging the foundation. This natural material often added to reduce heaving and reduce moisture content.

Materials and tools

To build a cellar in your country house with your own hands you will need:

• crushed stone and gravel;
• rack sand;
• clay mortar;
• rolls of roofing felt;
• brick;
• cement;
• boards for arranging the floor frame;
• concrete grade 100;
• molten bitumen;
• grid for reinforcement.

Tools you should prepare:

• concrete mixer;
• manual tamper;
• shovels;
• screws, screwdriver, nails, hammers;
• welding machine;
• grinder;
• primer;
• brush;
• hacksaw

Pit preparation

The construction of an underground storage facility begins with digging a pit. The work is performed in the following sequence:

1. Clear the area of ​​stones, sticks and vegetation.
2. Mark and dig a hole. Traditional cellar dimensions: length/width - 2.5 m, depth - 2.3 m. To dig a pit, it is better to use the services of an excavator.
3. Level the walls of the pit with a shovel, scraping off excess soil and giving them a flat surface.
4. The depth of the pit depends on the type of cellar being built. When determining this value, it is necessary to take into account that the space will be partially occupied by a hatch or entrance, shelving, and a ladder. In view of this, the pit must be dug with a certain reserve.
5. Compact the bottom of the pit, pour sand and gravel into the hole. Thickness sand cushion- 20 cm, gravel - 10 cm.

Arrangement of the subfloor

It is better to screed the floor using clay mortar. To prepare it, you need to combine clay and quartz sand in a ratio of 90%/10%. Dilute with water until it becomes thick sour cream. Pour the prepared solution into the gravel to a thickness of 3-4 cm.

To increase the strength characteristics of the base and provide better isolation from groundwater penetration, it is recommended to additionally reinforce the bin with concrete. Procedure:

1. Prepare a mixture of rack sand and concrete in a ratio of 5:1, respectively.
2. After drying, pour the clay base concrete mortar 5 cm thick.
3. Smooth the surface and leave until completely hardened.

Construction and waterproofing of walls

The technology for constructing brick walls is as follows:

1. Build a foundation for the masonry with a width of 1 brick and a height of about 15 cm.
2. Leave the foundation to dry.
3. The laying is done from the corner of the wall where the doorway is provided.
4. The bricks are placed in a checkerboard pattern.
5. When laying brick, you need to tap it with the handle of a trowel - this will help get rid of excess mortar and improve the adhesion of the materials.
6. After the construction of each row, its evenness must be checked with a building level.
7. The working solution is prepared from sand and cement in a ratio of 4:1, respectively.
8. In parallel with the masonry, the cracks and spaces between the brick and the earthen wall are filled with clay mortar. This technology provides additional waterproofing for vegetable storage.
9. After all the walls have been erected, leave construction for 1 week until the mortar hardens.

Brick walls require waterproofing. For this purpose, hydroglass insulation, roll insulators or bitumen mastic are usually used. Sequence of insulation work:

1. Treat all surfaces with a water-repellent compound.
2. Attach sheets of roofing felt to the walls - the material is fixed using heated bitumen mastic. To ensure high-quality insulation you will need 2-3 layers.
3. Plaster the walls with cement.

Construction of the floor

Arranging the ceiling is a responsible undertaking. The supporting structures must withstand heavy loads. Often the ceiling is made of a monolithic block made of concrete and reinforcement cage. It is important that the roof of the cellar exceeds the size of the room, since the walls will act as load-bearing supports.

Algorithm for performing the work:

1. Install supports on which the wooden formwork will subsequently rest.
2. Before pouring, the formwork must be carefully sealed so that the solution does not leak out through the cracks.
3. After preparing the formwork, make a frame concrete slab from reinforcement. The spacing of the reinforcing bars is about 25 cm, the height of the frame is up to 30 cm.
4. For a large cellar area, it is recommended to double reinforce the slab.
5. The reinforcement mesh should protrude beyond the cellar wall by 5-10 cm from different sides.
6. The resulting frame is evenly filled with concrete mortar.

After pouring the slab, you need to wait 3-4 weeks. The overlap will completely harden and take on its final form.

Ventilation system and electrical supply

Good air exchange is an important condition for the safety of products in the cellar. Lack of normal ventilation will lead to rotting of vegetables, and too rapid circulation air flow- to drying out of root crops.

In a technical room, it is preferable to create natural ventilation - it is less expensive, and its proper organization will provide sufficient air exchange. To implement this, you will need to install a supply and exhaust air duct. The exhaust element is placed at the top near the ceiling, and the supply opening is on the opposite wall at a distance of half a meter from the floor.

Creation order natural ventilation in the cellar with your own hands:

1. Select an air duct based on 1 sq. m bin area - 26 sq. cm pipes.
2. The pipe is installed from the corner of the room, and its lower end should be located under the ceiling. The air duct passes through the entire room, the roof, towering above rafter system half a meter.
3. To prevent condensation from collecting in the pipeline, it is necessary to thermally insulate the exhaust pipe using the sandwich principle. One pipe is installed into another, and the space between them is filled with mineral wool.
4. The open end of the air pipe is located at a distance of 50 cm from the lower floor level. The exhaust air duct penetrates the ceiling, ending 80 cm above the base.
5. Cover the outer hole of the pipe with a mesh.
6. It is advisable to put valves on the pipes to regulate the air flow.

Electrification of the cellar is carried out using copper cable with double or triple insulation.

Interior design of the cellar

Upon completion installation work You can begin to improve the cellar. There are several design options:

• make the walls with racks with spacious shelves;
• hang metal shelves;
• set up prefabricated racks.

Important! All wood structures must be coated with an anti-insect compound and a protective impregnation against moisture.

Do-it-yourself above-ground cellar: step-by-step instructions

At your dacha, you can equip a simple cellar with your own hands high level groundwater. Inside the bin, the air temperature can be maintained at 2-3°C. Let's look at an example of building a vegetable storage facility like a storage shed, with the following dimensions:

• height at the center of the structure - 2 m;
• width - 3.3 m, length - 3 m;
• passage width - 0.6 m.

Sequence of work:

1. Coat logs resting on the soil with hot bitumen mastic.
2. The ceiling is made of boards, and the sheathing elements are made of hewn slabs, obapol, clay straw, and pine trimmings from the sawmill.
3. The roof overhangs must rest on the ground. Such an installation provides additional thermal insulation in the form of snowdrifts during the cold season. As a result, a structure is formed, like a tent.
4. On one side, the storage shed is sewn up with two rows of boards, between which insulation is laid. At the other end there is an insulated door.
5. From the outer part of the lobaza, dig a drainage trench around the entire perimeter to prevent the ingress of natural water.
6. Make a hood near the ridge - a wooden box with an adjustment plate.

Building a cellar with your own hands: video

How to make an earthen cellar with your own hands. It is almost impossible to imagine a private one with its local area without a cellar, since this is where the owner of the house stores all the harvest and preserves. Not every refrigerator can be a full-fledged replacement for a cellar - it is in this place that it is maintained comfortable temperature and the right level of humidity, which allow vegetables and fruits to remain juicy.

It's great if there is already a cellar or barn under the house. But what to do if you don’t have such a room? It doesn’t matter - you can easily build an earthen cellar at your dacha with your own hands. We will tell you about the construction features, as well as the installation rules, in this article.

Today there are many options for basement buildings: burial vaults, above ground structures, glaciers and storage sheds. These can be complex buildings from an architectural point of view, or the simplest ones, made from available materials. An earthen cellar is one of the simplest structures.

Please note that this design is not suitable for every site - construction is possible only under the following conditions:

Note, that trees cannot be planted near an earthen basement, since their powerful root system can damage the walls of the building.

It is generally accepted that it is easy to maintain a pleasant microclimate in an earthen cellar, which is excellent for storing potatoes, turnips, carrots and beets. Thanks to natural moisture, vegetables will not wrinkle or dry out, and even in spring last year’s harvest will be healthy and appetizing.

The process of creating an earthen cellar

Where to start

Although the design is considered simple, the question “how to make an earthen cellar?” still remains relevant. To do this, you don’t have to be a professional builder, since even beginners could cope with this task. You should start by creating a drawing/sketch, and it should be done taking into account the scale, and also indicate on it all the dimensions of the cellar and its elements.

Here it is important to remember the following important factors:

• Should be indicated inner dimensions the buildings.
• There should be a distance between the pit and the cellars - at least 50 cm more. In the future, this gap can be filled with clay, which must be mixed with straw - this will create a side lock that will prevent the walls from getting wet and liquid from seeping from the soil into the basement.
• Typically, they try to make the entrance to an earthen basement from the north side in order to minimize the loss of cooled air when opening the door in the summer.
• Be sure to provide for the provision of electricity to the basement, and in the construction plan, draw the electrical wiring and take care of the input and connection.
• For such a structure, ventilation is also required. It should also be developed during design.
• Thickness of embankment outside should also be calculated at the planning stage. But the thickness should be selected taking into account the climate in the region, precipitation levels and wind strength.

You should know that it is best to carry out such construction in the summer, when the groundwater level is at a minimum and nothing will interfere with the work.

Creating a Foundation

So, when everything has been verified and calculated, and the location has been chosen, you can begin the construction itself. You should start by digging a base - a hole/pit, which will act as a storage area for fruits and vegetables.

For a cellar, you can dig a hole without using special equipment, since it is usually made in a small size - approximately 200*200*300 cm. You can reduce the height, this is especially true when groundwater lies close to the surface (150 cm).

It is also important to remember that the hole itself needs to be made larger than the construction site by 50 cm. When digging by hand, you can maintain the density and relief and thanks to this the walls will not crumble. The shape, namely an inverted trapezoid, will also help protect the basement surfaces from collapse: the distance between the opposing walls should be less at the bottom than at the top.

Now let's think about how to make a floor in an earthen cellar. It can be different:

Advice! If in this case the earthen floors get wet, then make all the pallets and racks on a hill.

For example, you can collect wooden gratings, and put boxes and drawers on them.

Walls for an earthen cellar

Important!, foam concrete, cinder block and other porous materials are not suitable for cladding, since after some time water will seep through them, which can cause the walls to be destroyed.

Roof of an earthen cellar

Most of the heat loss occurs through the roof and ceiling of the cellar, and for this reason it is important to pay as much attention as possible to this element of the building. The ceiling needs to be strengthened so that it does not collapse. In bulk basements, wooden poles or woven vines are often used for this, but more can be used. resistant materials, for example, boards or stone.

But you will have to tinker with the roof, and first insulate it. The structure above the earthen basement should be made gable. Thereby rainwater will drain quickly and will not penetrate into the cellar. Insulation and waterproofing should be laid on the base itself under the roof. By the way, it is perfect for insulation, and you can insulate the roof with any material that is not afraid of moisture (, / stone wool, glass wool and more).

Moisture-resistant plywood should be placed on the roof, a metal sheet or OSB. The angles on the slopes should be 45 degrees. For best protection To protect the basement from freezing, it is recommended to pour a layer of peat (about 25 cm) onto its roof, and then cover it with another insulation (roofing felt or film) and cover 12 cm of fertile soil.

Helpful advice! If you sow low-growing grass like lawn grass or moss into the ground, you can provide the roof with additional protection from cold and getting wet. In addition, greenery will make the roof spectacular and give it an unusual, sophisticated antique look.

Ventilation

As with all storage facilities, even an earthen cellar must be equipped. If this is not done, then there will be stale air inside, and it will be impossible to store vegetables there, since it is in such conditions that fungus and mold feel best. The rules for creating ventilation in an earthen cellar at the dacha are as follows:

• Use metal or plastic pipes, the diameter of which will be more than 10 cm. You can make ventilation ducts from wood.
• The supply pipe should be located slightly above the floor level, and exit from the outside no lower than 0.5 m above the ground.
• The hood should be located right under the ceiling, and the outer edge should be 150 cm from the ground level.
• Both pipes must be covered with a protective cap, which will prevent atmospheric moisture from entering inside.

Important the fact that in a small cellar you can install only one supply and exhaust pipe.

Finishing the basement from the inside

In the very earthen basement at the dacha, everything can be arranged the way its owner wants, since everyone has different needs: someone stores potatoes in it, while others want storage for wine. In this case, the storage is usually divided into two zones - on the right are bins, where there are wooden boxes/compartments for apples and other things, and on the left are racks for canning and wine. The shelves should be 0.5 m apart, but the size may vary depending on the height of the cans.

The material of the shelves can be different - metal, wood. In the first case, the racks should be protected from corrosion by regular painting, and in the second, the wood should be treated with antiseptic agents or coated with oil enamel in a timely manner.

An indispensable attribute is a ladder. It must be safe and durable, and it must also be processed in a timely manner so that there is no corrosion or rotting.

The final stage is supplying electricity. Do not forget about the microclimate and safety standards - in such rooms lamps should only be installed with low level tension!

Conclusion

An earthen cellar is the most The best way creating storage for harvest and conservation. This basement will not only last for many years, but will also not require repairs or additional maintenance, since all surfaces will be protected by a layer of earth.

From this article you will understand what types of cellars exist, how to build one yourself in the countryside, and we will look at some of the features and tricks of such a structure when arranging it.

One of ancient species buildings invisible to the surrounding eye, but allowing you to always keep food fresh and cold - there is a cellar. Now no one will say who its creator was, and it doesn’t matter, because, despite the huge choice refrigeration equipment, cellars continue to be in great demand, especially in private and summer cottages.

What is a cellar? This is, in fact, a depression in the ground, with good heat and waterproofing, which allows you to maintain a constant temperature and prevent excess moisture inside the room, while keeping all contents in optimal conditions for long-term storage.

Types of cellars

The best one is one with a canopy built over it. Feel free to store homemade preparations inside, and under, i.e. In the cellar you can keep whatever your heart desires. The advantage of such a canopy is that it protects the entire structure from all kinds of precipitation and other influences from intruders.

Cellar with cellar:
A - general form;
b - section;
c - plan;
1 - insulation; 2 — lime whitewash; 3 - blind area; 4 - coating with hot bitumen mastic; 5 - clay castle; 6 - rubble concrete.

The ones in our premises can be made from red brick, concrete or from logs and boards. If you build a cellar with your own hands in a damp area, then it is necessary to create drainage, this is necessary so that moisture does not get into the cellar.

The simplest cellar is an earthen one, it is quickly built and inexpensive. It is advisable to build it on dry ground (wherever you can find such a place) and high place. This cellar usually has the most simple design and such structures are made from any materials.

It is built like an ordinary pit, with a height of 2 to 2.5 meters, depending on your area of ​​residence, and the walls of which are made at an angle to the floor. The walls need a slope so that they do not crumble. Also, such a cellar needs to be insulated from above against frost. Well, they build the roof at their own discretion.

Earthen cellar:
1 – bins; 2 – drainage ditch; 3 – roof slope; 4 – shelves; 5 – floor

A completely different look - this is a semi-buried cellar. When building it with your own hands, they go deep about a meter into the ground, and the other part of the structure rises above the ground.

The walls can be made of concrete and brick, and waterproofing between in different parts premises. Both lining and coating are allowed; these cellars can be built anywhere, even in areas with high groundwater levels.

It’s easy to find out the groundwater level in any area by looking into the well in the spring.

Cellar under the garage, has also become quite popular.

Its advantages are obvious:

• construction is cheaper because there is already a built canopy on top.
• And also, the pit of a garage cellar can be used as inspection hole when repairing a car. Very comfortably.

How to build a cellar with your own hands

For all its usefulness and functionality, a cellar is quite easy to build even alone. Naturally, the construction itself should begin with finding a place to build a cellar. It is advisable to choose a location on a hill so that rainwater can drain and not accumulate above the cellar room. If the place is still low, then you need to make a cushion - sand and gravel.

After you have decided on the construction site, you need to start digging a pit. The pit should be dug carefully, preferably by hand, avoiding landslides. It is also necessary to make the walls of the cellar slightly inclined to avoid collapses in the future.

Once the pit is dug, you need to build the floor. It must be well compacted so that in the future the shelves with the contents do not fall into the ground. After compaction, lay out the bottom with clay in several layers, the thickness of the clay should be 15-20 cm greater than the wall. This kind of thing has a name - a clay castle (it’s so rare that anyone makes it, it’s very labor-intensive).

This lock has an excellent property - the ability to absorb and retain water. Next, to level the floor, you need to lay a 15 cm layer of concrete or damp soil, you need to completely cover the clay layer.

Waterproofing

let's consider important stage building a cellar with your own hands is waterproofing. After all, you don’t need dampness in the room, either. The weakest points are the joints of walls and floors; there are locks for them that consist of tow with bitumen. Eat good way from flood waters, its essence is that the walls and floor are filled with dense waterproof concrete.

Another method is used if water does not enter the cellar in the spring; its essence is that all the walls in the cellar must be treated with hot bitumen and, in addition, sprinkled with coarse sand.

Video: waterproofing a cellar in a garage.

Walls

There are several options, but in any case, the walls must be strengthened. After which, they can be sheathed with boards or built brick wall for which the most the best option- This is a red brick.

The walls can be laid out in or even half a brick (for the budget-conscious). The solution is made from sand, water, lime and cement. Here I can add that when laying walls you need to have the skills of a mason or know how to lay bricks.

If the walls are equipped with boards, then it is necessary to make this cladding collapsible in order to be able to carry out wood material for ventilation.

DIY cellar - photos of walls made of different materials:

Cellar cover

The ceiling can be done like this: lay it on the foundation pit wooden beams, minimum thickness 15 cm.

1. Place several layers of slabs or boards on the beams and each layer of this flooring should be insulated with clay, the minimum thickness of which is 5 cm.
2. The total thickness of the insulation should be more than 40 cm, and you also need to build a hatch, which also needs to be insulated.

Ventilation

Ventilation takes important place in building a cellar with your own hands. It is usually made of two pipes, one for air inlet and the other for outlet. It is desirable that the pipes have embedded valves and they should be placed in different angles, a supply pipe 50 cm from the floor, and an exhaust pipe under the ceiling.

It happens that they use one pipe, but there are rules here: the diameter must be more than 10 cm, and the air entry comes through a hatch or door, depending on the design of the cellar.

You can check the hood this way: place a bucket of burning coal in the cellar and watch where the smoke comes out.

Useful tips for those whose ventilation is installed incorrectly:

• when the humidity is high, you need to open the hatch or door, you can put a box of quicklime in the cellar.
• If the room, on the contrary, is very dry, then you need to spray water or scatter wet sawdust on the floor.

If the cellar needs Finishing work, then you can plaster the walls. For the floor, you can use the so-called ironing process - this is on top of fresh concrete, pour a small layer of dry cement and smooth it down.

Video: building a cellar in conditions of high groundwater.

The final stage in building a cellar with your own hands is:

• do interior design;
• place shelves;
• conduct electricity, etc.

Of course, the arrangement of internal comfort depends on the wishes of the builder himself. But, in any case, this will last a long time, keeping your home preserves fresh and cool.