When buying steel entrance structures, few people think about how heavy they are, paying attention to the technical data and the type of finish. But don't forget about weight. The heavier the product, the more powerful it needs the box, the faster the skew of the door leaf will occur.

The more mass, the stronger

The weight characteristics of the entrance metal structures depend on:

• The number of steel sheets and their thickness. Metal doors to the apartment are of one and two sheets. Refractory is always double-sheet. Sheet thickness for ordinary products is at least 1.2 mm, for fire-resistant products - at least 1.5 mm, preferably 2 mm.
• Stiffening rib. The more of them, the heavier and stronger the canvas.
• The volume of insulation, it is also an anti-fire filling. High density material is heavier.
• The type of finishing material. The most massive is natural wood (solid wood). MDF and laminate panels are lighter. Vinyl leather practically does not add mass to the finished structure.
• Locks and fittings. In comparison with the listed factors, these increase the mass only slightly. Some manufacturers use lightweight locking mechanisms.

According to GOST 31173 2003, the maximum weight of a metal structure should not exceed 250 kg.

Fire protection structures

Fire doors with a steel sheet thickness of 1.5 mm (2 pcs.), Filling with basalt wool with a density of 120 kg per cubic meter. meter and dimensions 1.25x2.5 m weigh 89 kg. If a two-millimeter metal is supplied during production, with the same dimensions, the weight will immediately increase by 24 kg and will be 113 kg.

Before buying, check with your consultant how much the selected design weighs. This information can also be found in the product data sheet. It will not be superfluous to call the measurer - the master will tell you which model to choose and explain why.

Entrance doors to the staircase are usually technical. For them to effectively resist the actions of intruders, it is enough that they weigh only 65 kg. It makes no sense to overpay for heavier, and even more fireproof, models.

Modern technologies make it possible to create metal entrance doors of various shapes, sizes and security characteristics. Steel is one of the most popular materials for the line of iron models. It guarantees the strength, rigidity of the structure, but requires exact correspondence between the parameters of the canvas and the frame, the frame and the doorway.

In the first case, in order to eliminate errors during installation, to avoid inconvenience in operation, manufacturers take responsibility for making the complete set. It includes:

a box made of a closed rectangular or U-shaped corner (the threshold is ready-made or made separately), its components: crossbar, guides;

door leaf made of steel sheets welded together;

reinforcements - "stiffening ribs": longitudinal, transverse or V shapes (sometimes a combination of them), increasing the strength of the web and preventing deformation of its surface;

inner lining;

external facade decoration made of various decorative materials;

a seal located between the canvas and the skin to increase thermal protection;

fastening systems - hinges: open, hidden, equipped with anti-burglary systems;

platbands;

additional elements: locks, latches, door peephole, handles, seals.

The correct ratio of the dimensions of the box and the opening can only be guaranteed by competently carried out measurements, as well as further careful selection of the structure. Measurements can be performed both by representatives of a specialized company and by the customer himself. For this, it is necessary to study the existing standards. All linear values ​​of the entrance doors are interconnected, determined by SNIPs and GOSTs, which are often adjusted to the dimensions of non-standard models.

What sizes are there in Russia?

The linear dimensions of the entrance block structure are influenced by the technical requirements for the operation of the premises. Therefore, street doors in a country house will always be wider than in an apartment. Openings facing staircases and vestibules should not be narrower than the width of the staircase. It is convenient for moving bulky furniture, evacuation during emergencies.

The dimensions of the entrance iron blocks that meet the fire safety requirements of SNiP 210197:

• height - not less than 1900 mm;
• width for residential buildings - from 800 mm, for public (more than 15 people) - from 1200 mm.

The main parameters of the standard dimensions of the block of entrance metal doors are in the range (in mm):

by box height - from 2070 to 2370.

By the width of the door or skylight for the living space:

For single-leaf - from 800 to 1000,

For one and a half - from 1300 to 1500,

For bivalves - from 1910 to 1950,

• By block thickness (door with frame):

With a brick wall 75 mm - 108;

With a standard wooden beam - no more than 120,

In panel houses - 120-130.

In regulatory documents, the height of the threshold for an entrance door for a house is from 20 to 45 mm. Higher in residential buildings is not allowed: during a fire, people with disabilities will find it problematic to leave the house.

Compliance with the standards guarantees the strength, convenience, durability of metal products.

Options for ready-made door block solutions:

1. For single-leaf (in mm) - 1980x850, 2030x860, 2050x880, 2050x960, 2070x900, 2100x950, 2100x1000. Small blocks can be used in outbuildings. The optimal combination of the size of entrance metal doors and frames is 2500x900.
2. For bivalves (in mm) - 2050x1300, 2100x1400, 2100x1500, 2100x1600. With a height of 2000-2300 width standard (in mm):

• 1200 (600 & 600);
• 1600 (800 and 800);
• 1800 (900 and 900).

Thickness and weight of the metal door

In Russia, the door leaf can be of two types - from welded sheets fixed to the frame, and solid, more durable.

The final thickness of the working surface of the product depends on the number of steel sheets interconnected, corresponding to:

• for apartments - from 1.5 to 2 mm;
• for country houses - 2-2.3 mm.

Thicker canvases are used for fireproof, bulletproof models, but they do not provide for frequent opening or closing.

Thin canvases are used if a vestibule is provided in the house.

In all other cases, the standard thickness of the entire door is:

• for conventional models - from 60 to 80 mm;
• for reinforced - from 80 to 100 mm.

The total value is formed due to additional structural elements:

1. Insulation chambers. It is necessary for residential buildings, because up to 25% of the heat is lost through an ordinary door. Depending on the material used by the manufacturer and the number of its layers, the parameters of the required internal space are formed.
2. Sealing contour. It is used for better tightness, which helps to retain heat and prevent odors from the entrance. Depending on the thickness of the iron doors, 2 or 3 contours are installed. The design with three sealing contours corresponds to a door thickness of 80 mm.

Sometimes you have to make a choice between the level of protection and the beauty of the door: any reinforcement, additional finishing entails an increase in its weight, which should not exceed 250 kg. The limiting values ​​of the thickness of the canvas of conventional and all reinforced models already weigh over 200 kg.

To reduce the load on the box, to prevent deformation of the canvas, these models are mounted not on two, but on three or four hinges.

Non-standard doors

Non-standard doors include doors that do not match in shape, thickness, height, decorative solution (glass inserts) and the number of reinforcements with average values ​​of the norm. The permissible parameters of such models are enshrined in separate articles of GOSTs and SNIPs.

Blocks with side and top transoms made to order. The width of their working aisle corresponds to one or two-leaf doors, the steel reinforcement of the central structure starts 120 mm from the edge of the opening. The typical dimensions of a single-leaf arched door are 2000x800 mm.

One and a half doors- the narrow sash closes with a latch and opens as required. With a height of 2000 or 2300 mm, the width is (in mm):

1. 1200 (400 - fixed sash, 800 - working blade or 300 and 900);
2. 1400 (600 and 800 or 500 and 900).

• Atypical doors also include fireproof and armored doors:

1. Fireproof thickness - 70 mm, armored - 100-120 mm;
2. Dimensions (in mm) - 1200x1900, 1200X2050, 2500x2500.

Non-standard entrance openings in apartment buildings must be approved by the BTI. The decision will largely depend on the thickness of the walls of the house, on which floor the redevelopment is planned. In a private building, where we can talk about the supporting structures of a house, you will need to order a project from a specialized organization.

Independent actions without permits will lead to the seizure of real estate, an administrative fine.

Metal-plastic and aluminum doors

Today, under the general name of the iron door, several types are hidden, including multi-chamber models. These include:

1. Reinforced plastic- has a strong protection system, light enough in weight, produced with double-glazed windows of different areas and volumes. When the profile is reinforced, such doors are installed in "thermos houses".
2. Aluminum- the lightest of all metal, with or without double-glazed windows. High heat protection, increased wear resistance. 7 times stronger than wood, 2 times stronger than metal-plastic products.

Complicated calculations of the box and canvas are not made, technologies allow to produce blocks of any size and immediately in a set. They differ from steel structures only in thickness - 95-120 mm. The larger the metal profile, the warmer it is. Due to the lightness of the material, no additional loops are required even at extreme values.

In cottages, the entrance blocks are equipped with a push set, a lock along the contour, which guarantees a tight fit, an aluminum threshold - 40 mm. A double-leaf door can be used with a pivot joint.

The selection of the frame to the opening is carried out according to the same principles as for steel entrance doors.

GOST of other countries

European models attract Russian buyers with their design and relative ease of construction. Lighter steel is used for their production. The dimensions are in accordance with the DIN normative requirements, which are guided by the architectural traditions of Europe and are based on the anthropometric data of individual regions. Based on them, people in Finland are taller than in the south of the EU, so the standard value of the entrance height for the Finns will be higher than in Italy.

There are also differences in width among countries. French standard for single-leaf doors (in mm): 690, 790, 890, 990. Spanish standard (in mm): 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000.

Imported products require additional spending:

• when reworking a block, when an imported canvas is installed in a domestic box;
• when decreasing or increasing the entrance opening.

The warranty period for products is much higher than that of Russian ones - up to 10-20 years, but foreign manufacturers in the vast majority of cases cannot ensure the fulfillment of obligations outside the European Union.

Furniture firms operating in Russia or for a long time, at least 5 years, trading in the local market, take into account the discrepancies in standards, offering ready-made solutions to eliminate inconveniences. Some manufacturers make batches according to Russian standards.

Chinese models in their parameters coincide with domestic GOSTs.

The supplied models have:

• in height - 2050 mm;
• in width, single-leaf - 860, 960 mm, one-and-a-half - 1200 mm.
• in different batches of even one manufacturer, the size of the door frames can have a significant difference and vary from one delivery to another. Confidence is gained by joint Russian-Chinese factories, where all products are quality checked in accordance with Russian standards.

How to make the correct measurement?

Before taking measurements, it is necessary to dismantle the old doors, including the platbands. If necessary, remove the nut.

Rigid metal structures need even walls, therefore, using a level, the degree of curvature of the walls is determined. In the case of a large curvature, the entrance metal door with a frame is aligned to the standard size, taking into account the technical clearances. The same actions are performed with the nut.

After that, the length, width and depth of the opening are measured with a tape measure. The values ​​of the width and length are taken from the base of the wall, the results obtained are compared with the reference ones. The values ​​of the gaps are checked.

The aperture of non-standard dimensions is adjusted to the GOST values: it is expanded with a perforator, grinder, or narrowed to the specified values ​​with high quality cement and leveled. The deviation of the plane should not exceed 3 mm along the entire length or width.

What else do you need to consider?

There are technical gaps between the opening, the box and the canvas. They are necessary in order to easily carry out the installation of the block, to ensure the free movement of the door.

When calculating the door block, this free space is not taken into account, but its presence is implied:

The inner perimeter of the box is larger than the outer perimeter of the main door structure (excluding the overflow) due to the gaps:

At the top - 3-5 mm;

At the bottom - 6-8 mm;

In width - from 3 to 6 mm to each side.

Door block height = corner or pipe width (30-35 mm) x 2 + door height + gaps.

Door block width = corner width x 2 + door width + gaps.

• The entrance opening should be larger than the door frame on each side:

Height - no more than 5 mm at the narrowest point of the opening,

In width - 2 mm.

The doors can be opened both inward and outward. In the second case, it is important to provide that in the open state they do not obstruct the staircase, electrical panels, and do not block the entrance to the neighbors' apartment.

In the overwhelming majority of cases, metal entrance doors are quite heavy structures. However, not all manufacturers focus the attention of potential buyers on this particular parameter of their products. This is all the more surprising since the weight of entrance metal doors with a frame directly affects both the operational and technical properties of structures and the requirements for their installation and subsequent use. It is important to understand that the weight of the finished product can vary very significantly, depending on its functional purpose, which must be taken into account when choosing and purchasing it.

The most massive parts of the structure

The mass of a metal door consists of the weight of its individual parts and parts. The most difficult of them are:

• Box and canvas. By and large, it is these constituent elements of the entrance structure that provide more than two-thirds of its mass, which is quite logical, given that they are made of steel. Moreover, the metal is selected thick enough in order to ensure the strength and the required level of product protection;
• Stiffening ribs and various protective elements such as anti-removable pins. The required degree of safety of a steel door is largely ensured by the presence of additional elements, which are also made of steel. As a result, they make the input structure even heavier, which is ultimately justified by increasing the parameters of the finished product;
• Fittings and locks. In some cases, the weight of these parts of the steel entrance structure reaches 8-10 kg. This is quite logical, given the material used in their production - high-strength steel. In addition, at least, and sometimes more, two locking devices are installed on modern products;
• Filler and finish. It would seem that the weight of the heat-insulating material is small due to its low density, however, in the manufacture of the entrance structure, a rather large amount is used. That is why the weight of insulated metal doors, as a rule, significantly exceeds conventional products. Some types of decorative coatings and details, for example, forged elements or solid wood, also have a considerable mass, which seriously affects the general parameters of the entrance structures.

Often, manufacturers indicate in information materials the weight of 1 m2 of an entrance metal door to an apartment or a country cottage. In this case, it is not difficult to obtain the total weight of the product. It is enough to calculate the area of ​​the entrance structure and multiply it by the indicated value.

The weight of the entrance doors to the apartment

One of the main parameters affecting the mass of a structure is its size. Obviously, the entrance metal door weighs the more, the more serious the dimensions of the opening where it will be mounted. However, the considered indicator is influenced by other factors.

First, the quality of the materials used in the manufacture. A typical example is the products of most Chinese companies. They use a steel sheet with a thickness of 0.6-1.0 mm, which is much less than serious domestic manufacturers. As a result, the weight of a steel door of standard dimensions can be as low as 35-40 kg. When using metal with a thickness of 1.5 mm or more, the weight of the product increases sharply and is at least 55-60 kg.

Secondly, as already noted, a fairly large proportion of the total mass of the product is made up of heat-insulating material, decoration and installed fittings. That is why the more reliable, protected, energy efficient and stylish entrance structure is made, the more its weight for objective reasons increases.

How much do fire doors weigh

Considering what was said in the previous section, it becomes clear why the weight of fireproof metal doors deserves special attention. The specific use of structures, as well as the active use of non-standard sizes of products in this case, leads to the fact that their mass, on the one hand, is in most cases higher than that of conventional ones, and on the other hand, it varies within very large limits.

For example, a model with dimensions 900 * 2100 mm (width / height) is quite popular on the market today. When the thickness of the steel sheet used in the manufacture is equal to 1.5 mm, the weight of the finished structure is approximately 83-89 kg, depending on the fittings and the selected finishing option.

Quite often, in practice, a fire door is used with parameters 1000 * 2100 mm (width / height). 1 m2 of this design weighs approximately 45 kg, and the total weight is almost 95 kg. At the same time, the weight of the product may also vary somewhat, based on the selected configuration and the finished finish.

The improvement of technologies has led to the fact that more and more modern materials are used in the manufacture of fire doors, which are even more efficiently used. As a result, the weight of the products can be reduced somewhat without reducing the level of fire resistance. The consequence of this is that fire doors of the latest generation can weigh only 42 kg / m2, thus the weight of a product measuring 2000 * 900 (height / thickness) is 75 kg.

Sections of the article:

Choosing a new door to an apartment as an entrance or interior door, any person pays attention to the quality of workmanship, material and appearance. However, in some cases, one of the most important selection criteria is the severity of the structure. There are several reasons why reliable information is needed about how much a metal door or a product made from other materials weighs.

Children and elderly people will not be able to open a heavy structure. There is also a high risk of serious injury when hitting a door with a large mass. In addition, one should take into account the need to create additional fasteners for products heavier than 60 kg.

What affects the weight of the product

The main elements that directly affect the final weight are the selected material, the available filling, as well as their thickness. In addition, the following elements affect the weight of an interior door or entrance structure:

• Main and additional fittings;
• Internal heat-insulating layer and its density;
• Sheathing elements;
• Main blade thickness;
• Box.

Also, when calculating the mass of a composite structure made with decorative inserts other than the main materials, it is important to take into account the difference in the density of materials and the dimensions of the elements. The thin steel sheet used for the lightest blades is 0.8 mm. The thickest sheet is made with dimensions of 4 mm.

To reduce the total weight and, at the same time, to give a significant strength to the product, stiffeners are placed inside, between the two main sheets. Between them, in most cases, to improve sound and thermal insulation, manufacturers put polystyrene or mineral wool.

At the present time, the lock mechanism significantly affects the weight of a metal door. In most cases, manufacturers equip canvases with a set of 2 locks, the nominal weight of each of which can reach 7 kg.

Iron products

It is rather difficult to name the exact weight of metal doors, since iron can have different thicknesses and workmanship. However, approximate figures can still be deduced.

The design of the simplest standard products weighs in the range of 40-50 kg. The lightest are Chinese-made structures with powder spraying and a steel plate thickness not exceeding 2 mm. Such products do not have any special decorative elements, and their weight is about 40 kg.

The most acceptable weight for an entrance metal door together with the frame ranges from 60-70 kg. Such a structure, often, has a decorative veneer or laminate covering, or trimmed with MDF panels. Products with expensive natural solid wood elements usually weigh more than 100 kg. In the manufacture of high-strength doors with multilayer steel execution, the total weight of the door leaf is more than 150 kg.

It is important to remember how much the selected iron door actually weighs. Since, despite the high efficiency of heavy elements, there is a rather significant drawback in the issue of ensuring safety. Such products are not only inconvenient during installation, but also tend to deform during operation from their own gravity. Therefore, such input elements need additional care in the form of a systematic adjustment of the bearing loops and the position of the canvas itself.

The most massive products using steel are special-purpose doors, namely:

• Fire safety models;
• Armored systems;
• Products with improved anti-burglary characteristics.

Such structures can have a nominal weight of the order of 120-150 kg.

Interior doors

The severity of a structure made with plastic can be calculated from the ratio of the weight to the dimensions of the canvas. So, 1 square meter of the product contains 1.5 kg of material. In the case of using metal inserts inside the structure, the weight will already be 2.5 kg per 1 sq. M.

The weight of wood doors depends largely on the structure of the material used and the type of wood species. The mass of the material made from solid deciduous trees is more than 20 kg. for 1 sq.m. In the case of using light and soft, often coniferous types of wood, the nominal weight of a wooden product is reduced to 15 kg per 1 sq. M.

Using these numbers, it is easy to calculate the severity of an interior door of a deaf type of manufacture. So, given the weight of all the accessories necessary for the product, including handles and locks, the approximate data will be as follows:

• Plastic construction about 5 kg;
• Glass about 20 kg;
• Wooden, depending on the breed, from 25 to 40 kg.

However, it should be remembered that the weight of a wooden door that has glass or plastic components can be strikingly different from a deaf type design. By the same principle, door elements differ, which have different design solutions, but at the same time are made of the same type of materials. So, a high sliding door, when manufactured using natural elements, will not be lighter than 100 kg.

A door made of MDF material can weigh no more than 10 kg, when it is made hollow or when using cardboard filling. In the case of filling the interpanel space to enhance the heat-insulating and sound-absorbing qualities with tempered glass, the weight of the product increases significantly.

The heaviest structures made with solid natural wood materials are oak doors. Their weight can significantly exceed the weight of a metal door. The use of such massive structures at home is justified only if it is necessary to give a respectable look and with the obligatory presence of a large free space and strong walls. An alternative option, in which you can get the same effect, but with a much lighter construction, is to use lightweight products with decorative veneering.

The weight of the front door to an apartment or house plays an important role, especially when installed in thin walls. If it is too large, the opening will have to be strengthened or even abandoned such a product. The weight of the product must be optimal for specific conditions. Also, this indicator must be taken into account if it is decided to choose a closer as an additional option. This mechanism is designed for a certain load, and if it is exceeded, it will quickly break.

Factors on which the weight of the metal structure depends

The weight of the steel door depends on:

1. Steel sheet thickness used in the manufacture. Modern technical models weigh on average 45-70 kg (finished product). In this case, the thickness of the steel is 2 mm.
2. Varieties of insulation or fireproofing filling. Expanded polystyrene used for thermal insulation of technical models, weightless. Basalt wool, which is used to fill the door leaf in fire-fighting products, will add a little weight.
3. Finish type. Powder spraying does not make the product heavier at all, just like vinyl leather on foam rubber or plastic panels. Laminate is slightly heavier, MDF, depending on the thickness, can add an extra 3-7 kg to the structure. The heaviest finish is solid wood.
4. Weights of fittings and locks(a small percentage, but sometimes it also matters).
5. Additional options. If you decide to order a model with a mirror inside, you need to take into account that it will weigh more than a standard one without a mirror insert.

The weight is directly influenced by the number of steel sheets and stiffeners used to produce the sheet. Cheap technical models without a thermal insulation insert weigh less than doors with a thermal break or fire doors.

Numbers

The bare indicators of the mass of different types of structures speak for themselves:

Plastic with glass up to 35 kg	Reinforced plastic up to 40-45 kg	To the apartment 45-60 kg
With thermal break up to 80-85 kg	Fireproof up to 130 kg	Armored up to 150 kg

Products from the Middle Kingdom can be very light - only 40-45 kg. However, you can open such a canvas with an ordinary can opener without much effort.

How to choose the right one

The entrance area must not only be well protected from burglary and penetration of thieves, but also made attractive. The hallway is always decorated in a certain style, so the door should fit into it as organically as possible. Or to be bright - this option is often chosen by lovers of contrasts.

To choose the right door, follow these rules:

1. Finishing. Products finished with powder paint look inexpensive and stylish (experiment with textures - crocodile, silk, moire, hammer effect, and colors - any shade from the RAL catalog). An economy class option, almost weightless, while giving the entrance area an exquisite look - vinyl leather on foam rubber. This is the ideal solution for apartment entrance doors. For a private house, not thick (10-15 mm thick) MDF panels are suitable.
2. Thermal insulation. For apartments located on the second floor and above, you do not need to insulate the entrance. But, if you really want to, you can order the filling of the canvas and the box with expanded polystyrene (polystyrene). This insulation material weighs nothing.
3. The amount of sheet steel. Both for a private house and for an apartment, a canvas of 1 sheet, a frame and stiffening ribs is quite enough.
4. Fittings. Choose the one you like. There is no point in saving on grams here.
5. Locks. For good protection, always order 2 mechanisms - cylinder and lever, plus an internal latch.

The STROYSTALINVEST plant offers its customers the production of custom-made entrance metal structures of any complexity. For more information, call the phone number listed on the website.