Practical work No. 11.
Topic: Articles in English. The English Articles
Lesson objectives:
1. Improving grammatical skills on the topic of Articles in English. The English Articles
1. Improving hearing skills.
2.Improving reading skills.
During the classes
Articles in English. The English Articles
An article is used before most nouns in English, which does not happen in Russian. For this reason, articles and cases of their use are of particular interest.
As a part of speech, the article is used to express the category of (in)definiteness of nouns. There are two types of articles: definite(the) and uncertain(a/an). There are cases when the article is not used at all, and this is called zero article(zero article).
The definite article, accordingly, indicates that the object/subject is determined by the situation, and the indefinite article indicates uncertainty. Let's look at an example:
He is a doctor. - Doctor (one of many doctors, unidentified)
He is the doctor who helped me. - He is (the) doctor who helped me. (this particular doctor).
In terms of frequency of use, the definite article is the most common, and the indefinite article is the least common. There are a number of rules about when and where to use articles.
I. First, let's look at a few rules about indefinite articles a/an.
1. Indefinite articles are used only with singular nouns. For example:
It is a table. - It is a table. These are tables. - These are tables.
It is an umbrella. - These are umbrellas. - These are umbrellas.
2. Indefinite articles are often used with names of professions. For example:
Luke is a musician. - Lukmusician.
She is an artist. - She's an artist.
Looking at the examples in paragraphs 1 and 2, we can conclude that the indefinite article a is used with words starting with consonants, and the article an is used before words starting with vowels: a, e, i, o, u (all vowels , except y). Here are some more examples:
a book - an ice-cream (book - ice cream)
a flower - an eagle (flower - eagle)
3. Also, indefinite articles are used if the subject of conversation is mentioned for the first time, i.e. not yet defined. For example:
It "s a dog. The dog is brown. - This is a dog (one of many, we don’t know which one). (This) dog is brown. (It is already known which dog we are talking about, since it was mentioned in the first sentence).
4. Well, the last rule about indefinite articles is their use in some set expressions. It is better to try to remember them, as they do not lend themselves to rules. For example:
Have a good day! (Have a nice day!)
half an hour (half an hour)
a few (several, some)
once a week (once a week) and some others.
To consolidate the rules for using the indefinite article, let's study some English proverbs. After all, with folklore expressions the language is always better remembered.
Set a beggar on horseback and he"ll ride to the devil. - Put a beggar on a horse, and he will rush to the devil himself (literal translation). Place the pig at the table, with its feet on the table. (literary translation).
There is more than one way to kill a cat. - There is more than one way to kill a cat./The light did not converge like a wedge.
Like a needle in a haystack. - Like a needle in a haystack.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away. - An apple a day keeps the doctor away./Whoever eats an apple a day never sees a doctor.
To buy a pig in a poke. - Buy a pig in a poke./Buy a cat in a poke.
These proverbs, in a way, used several rules at once: singular noun, indefinite subject, one of many, first mention. The expression an apple a day refers to stable turnover (once a week, once a day, once a month).
II. Now let's look at the use cases definite article the.
1. As mentioned earlier, the definite article is used with words already found in the previous sentence. For example:
It is a book. The book is interesting. (This is a book. (This) Book is interesting.
2. The definite article is also used with things that are known and defined to us in advance. For example:
Close the door, please! - Close the door, please! (We probably know which door, since there is only one in the room and we understand for sure that it is the one that needs to be closed).
3. Thus, the definite article is used with all things and concepts in the world that are unique, that is, one of a kind. For example:
the sun (sun), the moon (moon), the world (world), the earth (earth), the sky (sky), etc.
4. The definite article is used with some geographical names: seas, oceans, rivers, mountain ranges, some countries (usually federations, republics, states, etc.) For example:
The Atlantic Ocean - Atlantic Ocean
The Black Sea - Black Sea
The Mississippi - Mississippi River
The Alps - Alps
List of countries: the UK (the United Kingdom) - the United Kingdom, the USA (the United States of America) - the United States of America, the Czech Republic - the Czech Republic, the RF (the Russian Federation) - Russian Federation, the Netherlands - the Netherlands, the UAE (the United Arab Emirates) - UAE (United Arab Emirates).
5. The definite article is also used before the names of theaters, cinemas, museums, galleries, hotels and some attractions. For example:
The Ritz Hotel, The Odeon, The Hermitage, The Bolshoi Theater, The Tate Gallery, etc.
6. Articles can appear not only before nouns, but also before adjectives. In particular, before superlative adjectives (the biggest, the best, etc.). For example:
the best game - the best game
the most interesting book - the most interesting book
the most beautiful actress - the most beautiful actress
7. An interesting case of using the definite article is class generalization. These can be either nouns or adjectives. For example:
the bourgeoisie - bourgeoisie
the poor - the poor, the rich - the rich
8. The definite article is used before ordinal numbers. For example:
the first (first), the second (second), the third (third), etc.
9. It is also correct to use the definite article before the names of musical instruments. For example:
play the piano (violin, flute, etc.) - play the piano (violin, flute, etc.)
10. In the use of the definite article there are also fixed phrases or fixed expressions that it is advisable to remember. Among them:
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, the other, the next, the last, the beginning/the end, the top/the bottom (top/bottom), to the right/left (right/left), on the whole (in general) and some others.
Just as with indefinite articles, there are a number of traditional English proverbs and idioms that can help you better understand the structure of the language. For example:
At the ends of the earth. - At the edge of the earth./In the middle of nowhere. (points 3 and 10)
Of two evils choose the least. - Choose the lesser of two evils. (point 6)
One law for the rich, and another for the poor. - One law is for the rich, another for the poor. / The law is like a drawbar: wherever you turn, that’s where you come out. / The law is not written for the rich. (point 7)
Tell that to the marines. - Tell that to the naval soldiers./Tell that to your grandmother. (point 7)
The best fish swim near the bottom. - The best fish swim below./Good things don’t come easy. (points 6 and 10)
The busiest man finds the most leisure. - The busiest person finds the most leisure./He who works well rests well. (point 6)
Fish begins to stink at the head. - The fish begins to rot from the head. (point 2)
Follow the river and you"ll get to the sea. - Follow the river and you will get to the sea. / You will reach the ball along a thread. (point 4)
III. Let's look at the rules and examples of the concept zero article.
1. First of all, the zero article is always used before names. For example:
Mary is one of my friends. - Mary is one of my friends.
He never talks to John. - He never talks to John.
2. Also, the zero article is often used for generalization, before uncountable nouns and before plural countable nouns. For example:
I like hamburgers. - I (generally) love hamburgers (generalization, plural countable nouns).
Faith is very important. - Faith is very important. (generalization, uncountable abstract noun).
3. The zero article is used before some geographical names and city objects, but different from the cases of using the article the. For example, before the names of many countries of the world, before cities, lakes, mountains, continents, streets, parks, etc. Let's look at examples:
England (England), Spain (Spain), Georgia (Georgia), Moscow (Moscow), Baikal (Lake Baikal), Everest (Everest), Europe (Europe), Africa (Africa), Central Park (Central Park), Baker Street (Baker Street), etc.
4. Many calendar words and names are used with a zero article. Among them: seasons, months and days of the week. For example:
Our school starts in September. - Our school starts in September.
Spring is my favorite season. - Spring is my favorite time of year.
We don't study on Saturdays. - We don't study on Saturdays.
5 . The zero article also occurs in fixed expressions. Here are some commonly used phrases:
at home/work (at home/at work), go to school (go to school), have breakfast/lunch/dinner (breakfast/lunch/dinner), at night (at night), on holiday (on vacation), etc. .
To summarize the rules for using the zero article, I will give examples of several English proverbs:
Caution is the parent of safety. - Caution breeds safety./God protects the careful (point 2)
Beauty lies in lover's eyes. - Beauty is in the eyes of a lover. (point 2)
Jack of all trades is master of none. - Jack (the man), who takes on all the crafts, does not master any. / To take on everything is to be able to do nothing. (paragraph 1)
Money has no smell. - Money won’t smell. (point 2)
Actions speak louder than words. - Actions speak louder than words./A man is judged by his deeds. (point 2)
All roads lead to Rome. - All roads lead to Rome. (point 3)
Success is never blamed! - Success is never judged!/Winners are not judged! (point 2)
The lesson ends on this optimistic note. Now you know in what cases to use English articles, and you are also familiar with many new expressions and proverbs. Don't forget to repeat the rules and use proverbs from time to time
Homework. Articles.
Lesson topic: Article (The Article)
the outline was compiled:
Target:
To form in students an idea of the article as a determiner of a noun.
Tasks:
Educational:
1) introduce students to the definition of the article as an auxiliary part of speech, identify the differences between the indefinite and definite articles;
2) explain the rules for using forms of the indefinite article and the rules of pronunciation of the definite article;
2) to form students’ ideas about the main cases of using the definite and indefinite article in speech, to consider cases of using nouns without an article;
3) teach to use the indefinite and definite article in speech at the level of substitution and transformation exercises
Educational:
1) develop the intellectual qualities of students, cognitive interest and competencies in the field of language training;
2) create motivation to independently search for the necessary information;
3) develop independence, the ability to use reference information;
Educational:
1) cultivate the need to comprehend and systematize the information received;
2) instill accuracy in students when performing practical tasks.
Study questions:
1. Article.
2. Indefinite article.
3. Definite article.
4. Zero article.
5. Practical exercises.
Lesson time: 80 minutes.
Lesson location: foreign language classroom.
Lesson type: lesson learning new material.
Lesson method: a combination of frontal and individual work with students.
Lesson format: lecture and training workshop.
Equipment and equipment:
1) literature:
English textbook for grade 10. Edited by. - M.: Academy, 2009.
English textbook for grade 10. Edited by. - M.: Higher School, 2003.
English language textbook for NGO institutions. Edited by. – Rostov n/Don: Phoenix, 2008.
Minaev's manual. English in tables. - M.: Bustard, Russian language, 2000.
2) didactic material (handouts: lecture text and practical assignments).
During the classes.
1. Organizational part.
Start of the lesson. Greetings.
Mark on the theoretical training log of present and absent students.
Checking students' readiness for the lesson.
2. Updating the lesson topic
Often when learning English, people are faced with the problem of using articles.
Articles are one of the riches of the English language... and a big problem for those who speak other languages where there are no articles.
Most Russian-speaking students studying English find it quite difficult to understand the category of certainty-uncertainty, which native English speakers use... A real restructuring of the mind, a reconfiguration of logic is required.
In order to understand the essence of the very phenomenon of articles in the English language, it is necessary to mention that they did not exist in the ancient period and one can only speculate about the actual reasons for their occurrence. There is a version that at some point in the development of linguistic consciousness, the need began to be felt to indicate, using a special formal means, how a word was used, to what extent the concept was used. This need presumably arose due to the need to more accurately convey the content of thought.
Thus, the article is an important linguistic device that ensures accurate expression and correct understanding of thoughts in English. Inept use of the article in speech leads either to a distortion of the meaning of the statement or to mutual misunderstanding of the interlocutors.
In addition, articles play a large emotional role in the English language, and also speak about a person’s level of education.
The purpose of our work today is to try to determine and systematize the rules for using the indefinite and definite articles, the rules for not using articles, in order to avoid mistakes in speech in the future.
3. The main part (with the preparation of a brief summary by students as the teacher explains the educational material).
3.1 THE ARTICLE
An article is a function word that defines a noun. There are two articles in English: indefinite and definite.
The article is not used mainly in the following cases:
1. Before uncountable nouns denoting abstract concepts:
Don't like music.
He loves music.
2. Before uncountable nouns denoting a substance, mass, if the quantity of this substance is not indicated:
I prefer hot and strong coffee to tea.
I prefer hot and strong coffee to tea.
3. Before nouns in the plural, if in such a case in the singular the indefinite article is used before them:
There is a book on the table. There (is) a book on the table.
There are books on the table. There (are) books on the table.
4. Before nouns defined by cardinal numbers, possessive
or a demonstrative pronoun or the words North(ern), South(ern), West(ern), and sometimes the words
last, next:
This work must be done today.
This work must be done today.
Our messroom is on the second floor.
Our dining room is on the third floor.
I"ll come to your place next week.
I'll come to you next week.
5. Before nouns that are the nominal part of the predicate, denoting the only position in a given situation:
After advancing from the Poltava Teachers Institute A. S. Makarenko was appointed director of the school for orphans.
When he graduated from the Poltava Pedagogical Institute, he was appointed director of a school for orphans.
6. Before the names of countries, continents, cities, streets, mountains, islands, lakes, etc., as well as before first and last names:
I lived in Gorky Street in Moscow.
I lived on Gorky Street in Moscow.
Elbrus is the highest mountain in the Caucasus.
Elbrus is the highest mountain in the Caucasus.
7. Before the names of seasons, months, days of the week:
Usually students have no classes in summer.
Students usually have no classes in the summer.
8. Before nouns dinner, breakfast, supper, tea, day, night, evening, morning, school, college, hospital, etc., when they have an abstract meaning:
My son goes to school.
My son is studying at school.
Dinner is always ready at two.
Lunch is always ready at two o'clock.
3.2 THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE
1. The indefinite article a comes from the numeral one, and therefore can only define singular countable nouns.
The indefinite article has two forms: a, if the word after it begins with a consonant:
a book - book
a flag - flag
and an if the word after it begins with a vowel sound:
an army - army
an hour's walk - an hour's walk
2. The indefinite article is used in the following cases:
a. If an object (or person) is mentioned for the first time and it is not known to the interlocutor:
A boy is standing at the window. A boy (some unknown boy) is standing at the window.
b. If an object (or person) is considered as one of many of the same, which is most often indicated by the definition:
My elder brother lives in a big city. My older brother lives in a big city (one of many big cities).
c. If an object (or person) is spoken of as a representative of the entire class:
A cadet is a student of a military school. A cadet is a student at a military school (any cadet).
d. If the noun is a nominal part of a compound nominal predicate:
My friend's father is a worker and my father is an officer. My friend's father is a worker, and my father is an officer.
e. After the words rather, quite, such, what (in exclamatory sentences) and after the phrase there + to be, standing before countable nouns:
She was such a good student!
She was such a good student!
There is a forest near our village.
There is a forest near our village.
f. In the phrases once a day (week, month, year), at a time, in a minute, not a word, when the indefinite article in its meaning corresponds to the numeral one:
I'll be back in a minute.
I'll be back in (one) minute.
She uttered not a word.
She didn't say a single word.
g. In the phrases a great deal (of), a number (of), a great many, a little, a few, etc., as well as in the phrases to be at a loss, to be in a hurry, as a rule, it" s a shame, it "s a pity, to have a walk, to have a smoke, etc.:
Let's have a rest!
Let `s have some rest!
It"s a pity I was not present at your lecture.
It's a pity that I was not present at your lecture.
3.3 THE DEFINITE ARTICLE
1. The definite article the comes from the demonstrative pronoun this this and can identify countable and uncountable nouns in both singular and plural.
The definite article has two pronunciation options: [ze] if it is followed by a word starting with a consonant sound:
the theater - theater
and, [zi] if the word following it begins with a vowel sound:
the apple - apple
the English lesson - English lesson
2. The definite article is usually used in the following cases:
a. If the noun has already been mentioned or it is clear from the context what object (or person) we are talking about:
This is a map. The map is large.
This is a map. The map (mentioned in the first sentence) is large.
My children are in the village.
My children are in the village (the interlocutors know which village we are talking about).
b. If the noun is unique in its gender or in a given situation:
"The Red Book of the USSR" was published in 1978.
The Red Book of the USSR was published in 1978.
c. If a noun is qualified by an ordinal number or a superlative adjective:
The first wealth is health.
Health is the first wealth.
d. If a noun has a definition of a limiting nature, answering the questions what?, whose?, which?, which can be expressed either by a noun with a preposition, or a subordinate qualifying clause, or a participial phrase:
People who have a sense of humor usually have the power of sympathy strongly developed.
People with a sense of humor usually have a strong sense of empathy.
e. Before nouns denoting a substance, if we are talking about a certain amount of this substance, which can sometimes be seen from the context:
Pass the milk, please.
Please pass the milk.
The water in the glass is very cold.
The water in the glass is very cold.
f. Before nouns denoting parts of the day:
I get up at seven in the morning.
I get up at seven in the morning.
g. Before surnames used in the plural to designate members of the same family:
Not used to come to the Simonovs on Sundays.
On Sundays he usually came to the Simonovs.
h. Before the names of theaters, cinemas, museums, art galleries, hotels, ships, newspapers, magazines, etc.:
The British Museum was founded in 1753.
The British Museum was founded in 1753.
The Kremlin Palace of Congresses near the Troitsky gates was opened on October 17, 1961.
The Kremlin Palace of Congresses near the Trinity Gate opened on October 17, 1961.
i. Before the names of rivers, seas, oceans, mountain ranges, parts of the world:
Have you ever been to the Black Sea shore?
Have you ever been to the Black Sea coast?
The Urals divide the territory of Russia into European and Asian parts.
The Ural Mountains divide the territory of Russia into European and Asian parts.
The Volga is the longest river in Europe.
The Volga is the longest river in Europe.
j. Before the names of grammatical categories (tense, mood, voice, case, etc.):
Some verbs in the Russian language are never used in the Passive Voice.
In Russian, some verbs are never used in the passive voice.
k. Before the names of peoples and nationalities:
When at Rome, do as the Romans do.
When you are in Rome, do as the Romans do.
l. Before the following names of countries, localities and cities:
the Ukraine Ukraine
the Crimea Crimea
the Caucasus Caucasus
the Congo Congo
the Netherlands Netherlands
the Hague The Hague
the Lebanon Lebanon
l like the sunny Crimea.
I love sunny Crimea.
m. Before geographical names that are a combination of a common noun with a preceding qualifying word:
the United States - United States
the English Channel - English Channel (English Channel)
4. Practical part.
Students perform grammar tests. The teacher individually explains unclear points.
4.1 The indefinite article in English.
1. There is... table opposite the chair. … table is very nice.
a)a/A
b) the/A
c) -/The
d)a/The
2. ... cat (implied: any cat) likes purring. My cat liked meowing as well.
a) The
b) –
c) An
d) A
3. She is so unsociable. She has only … few (several) close friends. What...pity!
a)a/a
b) the/the
c) a/-
d) the/a
4. Let’s have…smoke! - It’s... shame! You still smoke...cigars!
a) a/a/-
b) the/the/-
c) -/-
d) a/the/the
5. Why are you always in… hurry? Because… time is… money.
a) the/the/the
b) a/a/a
c) a/-/-
d) -/-/-
6. Please give me… book to read. – Which one? – ... book that is on your left.
a)a/The
b)a/A
c) the/A
d) A/A
7. Do you have... car? No, I prefer going on … foot or by … bus.
a)a/a/a
b) the/the/the
c) a/-/the
d) a/-/-
8. She’s ... citizen of ... USA.
a)a/a
b) a/-
c) the/the
d)a/the
9. My husband works as... pilot. It means that I can go by … air at a low price.
a) a/-
b)a/a
c) the/the
d) -/-
10. Do you read any newspapers? – Yes I read ... "Times" and ... "Komsomol".
a)a/a
b) -/-
c) the/the
d) the/a
4.2 The definite article in English.
1. It’s an ancient table. … table was designed by a famous designer in 1966.
a) An
b) A
c) The
d) –
2. He is... third person who has failed to release (failed to disclose) a parachute.
a) the
b) a
c) –
d)an
3. I wanted to be ... barber but now I work at ... butcher’s.
a) the/the
b) a/the
c)a/a
d) -/the
4. ... African elephant (a species of these animals) is not about to die out (extinct). It’s nothing more than... fib (no more than fiction).
a)a/the
b) the/a
c) the/-
d) -/a
5. … milk that I bought in the supermarket turned sour in just … day.
a) the/the
b)a/a
c) -/-
d) the/a
6. ...Sun never rises in ...West. - Really? To tell… truth I didn’t know it.
a)a/the/a
b) the/the/the
c)a/a/a
d) -/a/the
7. She is... very poor woman. We have to raise money for her because we ought to help… poor.
a) the/the
b)a/a
c)a/the
d) -/the
8. I like... Ivanovs (about family). They are… very united family.
a) the/a
b)a/a
c) -/a
d)a/the
9. My city is... the most beautiful city.
a) –
b) the
c)a/the
d)a
10. When will be... next stop. There won't be any stops any more. It was... last stop.
a)a/a
b) a/the
c) the/the
d) the/-
5. Checking the degree of mastery of educational material.
5.1. Practical part.
After completing grammar tests, students are given keys to tasks for checking work and self-assessment.
Answers to the test on the topic “The indefinite article in English”:
1. d
2. d
3. a
4. a
5.c
6. a
7. d
8. d
9. a
10.c
Answers to the test on the topic “The definite article in English”:
1.c
2. a
3.b
4.b
5. d
6.b
7.c
8.a
9. c (a most beautiful city - an extremely beautiful city, the most beautiful city - the most beautiful city).
10.c
5.2 Theoretical part
The teacher conducts a frontal survey of students.
Question 1: What is an article?
Question 2: What word does the indefinite article come from and what does it mean?
Question 3: What word does the definite article come from and what does it mean?
Question 4: In what cases is the form of the indefinite article -a used, and in which - an?
Question 5: What pronunciation options does the definite article have?
Question 6: Name the main cases of using the indefinite article.
Question 7: Name the main cases of using the definite article.
Question 8: Name the known cases of using the zero article.
Summarizing
The teacher submits grades to the journal.
The teacher dictates homework on the record.
Homework:
1. Read and memorize the entries in the workbook.
2. Compose (find) 3 examples for different cases of use of each article in speech.
Assignment for independent work:
1. Find information on the topic “Use of articles in English. History of the issue."
Lesson outline
MKOU "Rykanskaya secondary
comprehensive school"
Grade 10
Lesson type: Formation of grammatical skills on the topic: “The use of articles with geographical names.”
Subject : “How different is the world?”
Plot line : “Different landscapes – different countries”
Purpose of the lesson (educational): formation of grammatical skills on the topic: “articles with geographical names.”
Related task: development of reading and listening skills with the goal of fully understanding what is read (heard).
Educational (cognitive) task: acquaintance with the peculiarities of the geographical location of America, Great Britain, Australia and Russia.
Developmental task: development of positive emotions, volitional qualities, memory, thinking, imagination; development of the ability to distribute attention, involuntary memorization, analysis and synthesis.
Educational task: nurturing interest in a foreign language, a positive attitude towards the language, towards the culture of the people speaking this language, respectful and friendly attitude towards native speakers of a foreign language.
Speechmaterial:
- materialForrepetitions: desert, plain, coast, hill, forest, ocean, unique, useless, huge, flat, extensive, deep, vast, mountainous, wood, range, prairie, canyon, outback, drought, flood;
- newspeechmaterial ( NLE): the USA, Australia, the UK, Great Britain, Ireland, England, the Pacific Ocean, the Great Sandy, the Great Victoria, the Appalachian Mountains, the Rockies, the Atlantic Ocean, etc.
New grammatical material: article with geographical names.
Equipment (TSO) – presentation.
During the classes
Time
Lesson stage, sub-stage
Teacher's speech actions
Speech actions of students
Equipment
2 minutes
I.Organizational moment
Good morning.
I am glad to see you.
Sit down, please.
Let's start our lesson.
Today, we will learn to use the article with geographical names.
Good morning.
We are glad to see you, too.
4min
II.Phonetic exercise
Dear children! What is the weather like in London? It is foggy and rainy! And I"m sure you know that London is located on the bank of the Thames.
Let's listen to the poem about the Thames and the nature in London in autumn.
SYMPHONY IN YELLOW
(by O. Wilde)
An omnibus across the bridge
Crawls like a yellow butterfly,
And, here and there, a passer-by
Shows like a little restless midge.
Big barges full of yellow hay
Are moved against the shadowy wharf.
And, like a yellow silcen scarf,
The thick fog hangs along the quay.
The yellow leaves begin to fade
And flutter from the temple elms,
And at my feet the pale green Thames.
Lies like a rod of rippled jade.
Pupils read the transcription of the following words:
Canada the United States
Spain the South of England
Great Britain the North Africa the Mediterranean
the Pacific (ocean)
the Indian (ocean)
the (English) Channel
the Mediterranean (sea)
the North sea
the Panama Canal
17min
III.Presentation of grammar material
Now we’ll talk about the article “the” with geographical names. Read and remember when we use it.
1) Continents.
We do not say "the " with the names of continents:
Example: Africa, Europe, Asia, South America.
2) Countries and states.
We do not usually say "the" with the manes of countries and states:
Example: France, West Germany, Texas, Japan, Nigeria, Florida.
a) But we say "the " with names which include words like: "republic", "union", "kingdom", "states".
Example1e: the German Federal Republic; the Soviet Union; the United States of America; the United Kingdom.
b) We also use "the" with plural manes.
Example: The Netherlands; The Philippines.
3) Cities.
We do not use "the " with the names of cities, towns villages.
Example: Cairo, New Work, Glasgow, Madrid.
ExWitheptiOn: the Hague.
4) Islands.
Island groups usually have plural names with "the ".
Example: the Bahamas, the Canaries, the Canary Islands, the British Isles.
Individual islands usually have singular names without "the".
Example: Corfu, Sicily, Easter Island.
5) Regions.
We say with "the ":
Example: the Middle East, the Far East, the north of England, the south of Spain, the west of Canada.
But we say without "the ": northern England, southern Spain, western Canada.
6) Mountains.
Mountain ranges usually have plural names with "the ".
Example: the Rocky Mountains, the Rockier, the Andes, the Alps.
But Individual mountains usually have names without "the".
Example: (Mount) Everest, Ben Nevis (in Scotland), (Mount) Etna.
7) Lakes.
Lakes usually have names without "the".
Example: Lake Superior, Lake Constance.
8) Names of oceans, seas, rivers, canals have "the".
Example1e: the Atlantic (ocean), the Amazon, the Mediterranean (sea), the Thames, the Nile, the Rhine, the Suez Canal, the English Channel, the Indian ocean, the Panama Canal.
NOt e: on maps "the " is not usually included in the name.
Textbook, notebook, presentation
20 minutes
Automation
Here are some geography questions. You have to choose the right answer. Sometimes you need "the", sometimes not.
1) What is the longest river in the world?
a) Amazon; b) Rhine; c) Nile.
2) Where is Bolivia?
3) Where is Ethiopia?
a) Asia; b) South America; c) Africa.
4) Of Which country is Manila the capital?
a) Indonesia; b) Philippines; c) Japan.
5) Of which country is Stockholm the capital?
a) Norway; b) Denmark; c) Sweden.
6) Which is the largest continent?
a) Africa; b) South America; c) Asia.
7) What is the name of the mountain range in the west of North America?
a) Rocky Mountains; b) Andes; c) Alps.
8) What is the name of the ocean between America and Asia?
a) Atlantic; b) Pacific; c) Indian.
9) What is the name of the sea between Africa and Europe?
a) Black sea; b) Red sea; c) Mediterranean sea.
10) What joins the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans?
a) Suez Canal; b) Panama Canal
Today we are going to have a quiz! For this we are going to have 2 teams. And we need a quiz-master too. I think I"ll be the quiz-master. We want 5 people in each team. So, we have 2 teams. Now, choose a name for yourselves.
Right. The Lions. The Tigers.
Do you all agree on those manes? Remember them!
OK. Now listen to the rules, please!
The rules:
I"m going to ask someone in the first team a question. If he or she can answer correctly I"ll give the team 5 points.
If he or she doesn't know the answer he can ask his teammates for help and if they get it right I"ll give the team 3 points.
But if they give the wrong answer or no answer I"ll ask another team.
If the teammates know the right answer, they"ll score 3 points.
Is everything clear?
So, let's begin our Quiz!
Geography Quiz
1) Which island is the largest in the world?
2) Is there a sea without shores?
3) Why is the largest ocean called Pacific? Who gave it this name?
4) What is the name of the range of mountains that may be called the center of Europe?
5) Of what city has it been said that "sea is the street there"?
6) What is the resemblance between Canberra, Ottawa and Wellington?
7) Of what countries are these cities? (Alexandria, Calcutta, Durban, Rio-de-Janeiro, Haifa.)
8) Black, Red, White, Yellow - what word (not color) can be added to each of these to put them all in the same group?
9) Is there a capital of Asia?
10) In what continents are Normandy, Queensland, Ontario, Texas situated?
11) What are the famous cities on the Ganges and the Nile?
12) Some of the following cities are capitals; some are not. do you know which are which? (Ankara, Athens, Belfast, Brussels, Delhi, Geneva, Glasgow, Karachi, Madrid, New York.)
13) What is the name of the strait where Europe and Africa come closest together?
14) Which is the highest mountain in North America?
15) What is the name of the most southerly state on the Pacific Ocean (the USA)?
Pupils do this task in written form.
1 (a) the Amazon;
2(b) South America;
3(c) Africa;
4(b) the Philippines;
5(c) Sweden;
6(c) Asia;
7(a) the Rocky Mountains (the Rockies);
8(b) the Pacific;
9(c) the Mediterranean Sea;
10(b) the Panama Canal.
1) Greenland.
2) The Sargasso Sea.
3) It was so called by Magellan. During his round the world voyage the Pacific Ocean was absolutely calm.
4) The Alps.
5) Venice.
6) They are the capitals of Australia, Canada and New Zealand.
7) Alexandria - Egypt, Calcutta - India, Durban - South Africa, Rio-de-Janeiro - Brazil, Haifa - Israel.
8) Sea (The Black Sea, The Red Sea, The White Sea, The Yellow Sea).
9) Asia is a continent, not a country; it has no capital.
10) Normandy in Europe, Queensland in Australia, Ontario and Texas in North America.
11) On the Ganges - Calcutta. On the Nile - Alexandria, Cairo.
12) Geneva, Glasgow, New York arc not Capitals.
13) The Straits of Gibraltar (at the western part of the Mediterranean Sea).
14) Mount McKinley.
15) California.
Textbook, notebook, presentation
1 min
IV. Summary
What new information have you learned today?
What do you like doing most of all?
Our lesson is over. The bell has gone. Good-bye.
Textbook, notebook, presentation
1 min
V.D/Z
Ex. 2(3), p. 6; ex. 6, p. 6 (AB, unit I).
THE ARTICLE
An article is a function word that defines a noun. There are two articles in English:uncertain Anddefinite .
The article is not used mainly in the following cases:
1. Before uncountable nouns denoting abstract concepts:
Don't like music.
He loves music.
2. Before uncountable nouns denoting a substance, mass, if the quantity of this substance is not indicated:
I prefer hot and strong coffee to tea.
I prefer hot and strong coffee to tea.
3. Before plural nouns, if in such a case in the singular the indefinite article is used before them:
There is a book on the table. There is a book on the table .
There are books on the table. There (are) books on the table.
4. Before nouns defined by cardinal numbers, possessive
or a demonstrative pronoun or the words North(ern), South(ern), West(ern), and sometimes the words
last, next:
This work must be done today.
This work must be done today.
Our messroom is on the second floor.
Our dining room is on the third floor.
I'll come to your place next week.
I'll come to you next week.
5. Before nouns that are the nominal part of the predicate, denoting the only position in a given situation:
After advancing from the Poltava Teachers Institute A. S. Makarenko was appointed director of the school for orphans.
When A. S. Makarenko graduated from the Poltava Pedagogical Institute, he was appointed director of a school for orphans.
6. Before the names of countries, continents, cities, streets, mountains, islands, lakes, etc., as well as before first and last names:
I lived in Gorky Street in Moscow.
I lived on Gorky Street in Moscow.
Elbrus is the highest mountain in the Caucasus.Elbrus is the highest mountain in the Caucasus.
7. Before the names of seasons, months, days of the week:
Usually students have no classes in summer.
Students usually have no classes in the summer.
8. Before nouns dinner, breakfast, supper, tea, day, night, evening, morning, school, college, hospital etc., when they have an abstract meaning:
My son goes to school.
My son is studying at school.
Dinner is always ready at two.
Lunch is always ready at two o'clock.
Sabaktyn zhospary
Lesson plan
The plan of the lesson
Күні / Date / Date:
Seungeup/Class/Class: 3
Пән/ Subject/ Subject: English
Sabaktyn takyryby/ Lesson topic/ Theme: “Articles a/an”
Aim/Maksaty/Lesson goal: To acquaint pupils with articles a/an.
Maksats/ Lesson objectives/ Objectives:
bilimdik / educational / educational:
To activate pupils vocabulary.
To practice oral speech.
To control knowledge in grammar material.
damytushylyk/ developing/ developing:
To develop speaking, listening, writing and reading skills.
To develop attention, memory.
To develop mental activity of the pupils.
tarbielik / educational / bringingup:
To support an interest in the English lesson.
To bring up the sense of friendship.
To bringup patriotism.
To form communicative skills.
Kornekі kuraldar/ Equipment/ Resources: cards with the text, toy, interactive board,
books, visual material.
Sabaktyn Barysy / Lesson Plan / Plan.
1.Greeting
2. Warmup activity
3. Presentation of new material
4. Physical training
5. Fixing knowledge
6.Summary
Content
1.
Greeting.
Stand up!
Salemetsizderme!
Time
limit
Instructional
setting
2
TGr
Good afternoon my children! I am glad to see you!
Sit down, please.
How are you Sasha?
What date is it today? (Today is the16 of October)
What’s the weather like in Kostanay today? (what's the weather like in
Kostanay today?) (cold cold, or sunny, warm warm)
All right (correct)
2.
Warmup activity.
10
T–Gr
Look at the theme of our lesson and think what today
T–S1
will we study?
Look at the topic of our lesson and think about what
shall we study today?
What do you think articles a/an are?
In the last lesson we got to know you a little
with indefinite articles a/an.
Today at lesson we are going to repeat the « School
accessories" and acquaint with the new theme on
topic "Articles a/an", playing a games, for active
work on lesson you will get a good marks.
Today we will repeat “School Supplies”
and get acquainted with the new topic “Articles a/an”, let's play,
You will receive good grades for active work in class.
Let's start our lesson!
Open your copybooks and write down Today’s date. Today
is the 16th of October.
And start our lesson I would like to with the home work.
You were asked to learn new words belonging to
school supplies, solve a crossword puzzle and
color school supplies according to specific
flowers.
Al bastayik!
I read and you listen to me!
Books
I like books
I really do
- Books with stories
And pictures, too.
Books of birds
And things that grow
Books of people
We should know.
Books of animals
And places, too,
I like books I really do!
I read and you repeat after me!
I read, and you all repeat after me.
Eldana read the poem.
Who can translate?
Books.
I love books,
I really do them
Books with stories
And photographs too.
Books about birds
And what grows
Books about people
We must know.
Books about animals
And places too.
I love the books I really do!
Nice. Very good.
3.
Presentation of new material.
13
TGr
And now look at the blackboard.
Now pay attention to the board.
The indefinite article is used when you
mention something for the first time or want to say: “some
one", "any", "one of".
The article a (an) is used only before countable words
singular nouns - i.e. before
such where you can mentally say one.
Countable nouns are those that can be
count. For example, books, trees, dogs, etc. In
In the plural, the indefinite article is not used.
Unprescribed articles
a an
toy apple
kite elephant
box umbrella
And now I would like to give you these reminders:
so that in the future it will be easier for you to set the required
article. Pay attention to the memo.
(work with the memo)
Article
b
A
An
Before words that begin with a sound:
b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z
a, e, i, o, u
4.
Physical training.
2
TGr
Touch your shoulders, (touch your shoulders)
Touch your nose, (touch your nose)
Touch your ears, (touch your ears)
Touch your toes. (touch your feet)
5.
Fixing knowledge
13
TGr
And now playing a game.
And now we will play with you. I'm throwing you a magic one
toy and name the words, and you name the appropriate one
article for this word.
Let's go!
a toy, (an) actress, (a) bag, (an) artist, a box, (an) apple,
(a) train, (an) elephant, (a) karyndash, (an) orange, (a) rubber,
(an) ear, ayu, (a) car, (a) kite, (a) plane, robot, kalam, a
copybook, ruler, sozdik.
Game "Clap or Stomp" I tell you the word with
correctly used article means you clap,
If it’s wrong, then you stomp your feet.
(an) toys, (a) actress, (an) bag, (a) artist, (an) box, (a)
apple, (an) train, (a) elephant, (an) karyndash, (a) orange,
(an) rubber, (a) ears, ayu, (an) cars, (an) kite, (an) plane,
robot, kalam, a copybook, ruler, sozdik.
Ok. Nice of you
Now open your diaries and write down homework.
2
Your homework will be to learn what
There are articles and be able to distinguish between them. On the next
I'll check the lesson.
A
R
ABOUT
D
A
A
AND
A
R
66Summary
3
TGr
Bugіngі sabakta bіz sendermen bіrge қandai takyryppen
kezdestik?
What have you learned today? (what did you learn today?)
Did you like our lesson? did you like the lesson?)
Your lesson marks for the lesson (your grades for the lesson)
Fife, four, (five, four) ratings
Our lesson is over! (our lesson is over)
Sau bolynyz! Byebye!
