The porch of a private house or country cottage is a kind of "face" of the structure. The porch design that attracts attention and serves as a reliable support allows you not only to get inside the house, but also to spend your free time comfortably sitting in the air.

Features and building codes

In essence, the porch is a kind of extension with steps to the building, with which you can enter or exit the premises. It is important enough to give a finished, neat look to a private or country house, and also protects the structure from snow and rain. Most often, the design parameters are thought out at the project stage, but one of its features is the possibility of an extension after the construction of the building itself.

Traditionally, the material used to build the dwelling itself is also used to build a porch or veranda. Therefore, a wooden house should have a porch made of wood, and a brick house should be made of bricks. However, most often, even a wooden veranda with steps is built on a brick house, since this material is cheaper and easier to work with.

Before starting construction, it is necessary not only to choose the structure you like and make all the calculations, but also to familiarize yourself with the basic building codes.

• The area under the porch must be made spacious enough, since it is recommended to choose the width of the structure so that two people can freely disperse on it (at least 1.5 m).
• The door should open freely outward, allowing people on the porch to avoid colliding with it. The platform itself can be attached to the facade wall or lean on separate pillars, the main thing is that it is 3-5 cm below the edge of the front door.This is quite important, since in the winter season the porch will rise and can block the entrance to the room.

• The width of the stairs, according to the standards, must be at least 1 m, and the height of the steps must not be less than 16 and more than 20 cm for comfortable descent and ascent. The most comfortable depth will be a step of 25-30 cm. The overall steepness (slope) of the staircase depends on the size of the steps: the smaller it is, the more comfortable it is to climb. In order to prevent water from accumulating on the site or steps during precipitation and not spoiling them, it is necessary either to leave small gaps between adjacent boards or bricks, or to install the site and steps at a slight slope.
• It is best to put the foundation under the porch separately; there is no need to attach it to the ready-made one under the house itself. It is recommended to build two types of foundation under the porch: filler or columnar. If possible, you can build a frame system of reinforcing rods, which will increase the reliability and durability of the structure.

Types of structures

Depending on the type of construction, the porch can be:

• open;
• closed;
• on two sides;
• in the form of a vestibule, a terrace and even a gazebo.

The closed design offers great protection against wind and precipitation. In summer, under it you can hide from the scorching sun, and in winter even the largest snowfall will not sweep the front door and block it. However, this design is not easy to install and is quite expensive. The porch area is completely covered with a canopy, there can be a canopy above the stairs, the sides are closed with fences to the height of the railing or completely. This design is perfect for any home with the right choice of design and materials.

An open small porch is much cheaper and easier to build. It has only a railing and a small canopy, which sometimes does not even cover the entire area. In the simplest case, the canopy and railing at the porch may also be absent, but if the extension is high enough, the absence of a fence poses a certain danger. Most often, such simple attached structures are erected near country houses, which are simply not used in winter. A small foundation of such a porch is attached to the outer wall, and the extension itself consists of only a couple of steps and a small platform at the door and is not able to protect it from rain and snow.

The design of the vestibule is a small closed buffer zone, which allows to reduce the temperature difference indoors and outdoors. The tambour also reduces heat loss in winter and increases the coolness inside the house in summer.

A porch with a staircase descending on two sides is erected when the construction of an ordinary staircase is impossible due to the presence of outbuildings. The layout of such an entrance allows you to go down in the direction you need, and to go up from either side without going around the porch. Before erecting it, it is better to consider other options, since the structure is quite complex and expensive.

The terrace is often mistakenly referred to as the “veranda”. Their main difference is that the veranda is located under the same roof with the main structure and stands on the same foundation with it, and the terrace is being completed close to the house. Most often, a porch terrace is an open structure with or without a large canopy. On the terrace, you can arrange outdoor furniture or beautiful vases with flowers.

The gazebo porch looks like an open veranda and is usually built of wood. Instead of a roof, a mesh frame can be placed over such a gazebo, which in summer will be surrounded by wild grapes or rose hips.

Sizes and shapes

The first thing you should pay attention to when designing a porch structure is its size.

• They depend on the dimensions of the suburban building itself: for a small country house with two rooms, it is impractical to build a large closed terrace, and a small ladder will look strange near a chic suburban mansion.
• Dimensions must be consistent with building codes. If the house is built on uneven terrain, it is more convenient to build a porch with a high plinth, stairs and railings. To support the heavy canopy over the large porch, beautiful columns can be erected around the perimeter.

The shape of the porch may depend on the configuration of the street staircase and be:

• rectangular;
• angular;
• in the form of a trapezoid;
• radial: semicircular, oval, round;
• asymmetrical.

There are no strict guidelines for choosing the shape of the porch; it is selected in accordance with the design of the site and the house itself. Rectangular and square designs lend a certain degree of rigor and weight. Round, on the contrary, soften the general appearance of the structure. The design does not have to be a perfect circle, it is enough just to outline a small circle and remove sharp corners.

The original solution will be a corner porch, which can be absolutely any shape. It is possible to build a trapezoidal platform, a triangular and even a completely asymmetrical complex structure. The main thing is that the porch harmoniously complements the single design idea, and does not introduce dissonance.

Material selection

Natural and artificial stone is well suited for the construction of a large monolithic structure. Granite is durable and wear-resistant, but its price in the building materials market is quite high and it is used in the construction of luxury real estate. For more economical options, sandstone is used, which is easy to process by yourself, and which will perfectly fit into any design.

The finished stone porch can be tiled with clinker tiles or porcelain stoneware.

There are special sets on sale, which include three types of tiles:

• for facing steps;
• standard product in various sizes;
• corner for steps.

With all the grace and beauty of stone structures, wood remains the most popular material for the construction of stairs and platforms. It is best to choose hardwoods such as oak or alder. A more economical option is linden and larch boards. Before installation, the tree must be treated with a special solution with an antiseptic, which protects the wood fibers from decay processes. To prevent slippery wooden steps, small grooves can be cut around the edges.

You can also build a structure from a brick or a metal profile, put a forged ladder.

Foundation

The best option for the foundation for a wooden porch platform are piles. Such a design is economical and it is easy to build it on the site with your own hands in a short period of time. In addition, the columnar foundation allows you to make the porch high enough and install it on an uneven surface.

It is advisable to make strip and slab foundations if the construction of a large veranda or patio is planned. The slab foundation is tied to the foundation of the house, which allows the porch to be installed even on moving ground.

Manufacturing steps

Since the most popular option is the construction of a porch made of wood, it would be advisable to consider all the stages of manufacturing using his example.

• Design. Before you start building something with your own hands, you need to think over and calculate everything. The design of the porch, the width and length of the platform and stairs are selected. The number of steps is calculated in such a way that a person steps onto the site with the same foot with which he began to climb the stairs. It is advisable to provide for the presence of fences, canopies and railings. It is not recommended to attach the structure to the building itself with a monolithic connection, as cracks may occur due to different shrinkage in the ground. Based on the selected parameters, a general design drawing is created, as well as small diagrams of individual fixtures and elements, which you can take with you when purchasing materials or quickly view when performing construction work.

• Preparation of materials, erection of the base. It is necessary to purchase a beam for the installation of support pillars with a section of 100x200 mm, boards made of the selected material 30 mm thick, slats 50 mm thick for railings and fences. In addition, wood preservatives and cement are purchased to secure the support pillars.

From tools, you may need various fasteners (screws, nails), a shovel, a saw. For measurements, it is most convenient to use a construction tape and a level, fix the parts with a screwdriver or hammer.

Unlike a strip or slab foundation, a pile foundation does not require large financial and time investments. The bars must be pre-treated with an antiseptic and allowed to dry completely. Then mark the places where the support will be installed and dig holes 70-80 cm deep in places. At the bottom of such holes, it is necessary to lay sand and gravel in order to increase the stability of the foundation pillars.

The piles are lowered into the pit and leveled, only then can they be poured with concrete mortar. After complete drying, the supports that adjoin the wall of the house can be screwed to it with self-tapping screws. This will add strength to the resulting structure.

• Production of kosour, fastening of steps. The stringer (or bowstring) of the ladder is the side element that holds the steps. All stairs have such an element in their design and differ only in the way of fastening the steps: with mortise, retractable and attached corners. To mark the grooves on the stringer, it is necessary to make a small template, one side of which corresponds to the size of the horizontal part of the step (tread), and the other to the vertical part (riser). The bowstring is cut with a saw along the marked lines, a concrete support platform is formed at the point of its connection with the ground.

• Assembling the structure. After the final drying of the concrete on the support site, you can proceed directly to the installation of the entire structure. The finished stringers are attached to the supports with the upper edge and to the lags of the support platform with the lower one either by filing or using the thorn-groove method. Then the wooden floor of the site is mounted, the boards are tightly fitted and connected using nails or self-tapping screws. It is important to leave some lye so that water does not accumulate on the porch when it rains.
• Laying of steps, installation of handrails and canopies. Laying starts from the bottom, the steps are fastened using the “thorn-groove” method and additionally secured with small screws. The riser is attached first, and the tread is already fixed on it. Railings and a canopy are installed last, if planned.

How to paint?

The finished wooden porch can be processed in a variety of ways to maintain or enhance its appearance. With the help of wax, you can protect wood fibers from moisture and dirt, which negatively affects its strength. A carved wooden porch can be varnished, which will not only protect the material, but also make numerous edges and cuts play in the sun, revealing the master's idea. However, the easiest way to decorate outdoor wooden structures is painting.

With the right choice of a porch for a country house, you need to take into account the budget and desires and consider the finished photos. Our article will provide you with information about the types of porch, with all possible shapes, a variety of materials and examples of finishes.

To decide on the project of the porch, it is necessary to take into account not only the preferences of the owners of the house, but also its features. According to the designers, the style of the canopy and railings should match the style of the roof and balcony of the building. For example, for a building with a gable roof, the same canopy above the porch is suitable.

For forged balconies and lattices on the windows, it is advisable to choose railings with the same forging patterns. At the same time, you should worry about the similar design of arches, columns and other decorative elements.

Types of house porch design

• Open is the most common way to enter a house. An open porch is mounted with a handrail, a canopy, decorated with decor that can be transferred to the house in winter.
• Closed - glass (transparent or translucent), polycarbonate, or a simple mosquito net are used for wall design. It is comfortable to use a closed porch as an additional hallway; it is cozy and convenient to spend rest in such a room at any time of the year.
• Suspended - the need for such a porch comes from the landscape design next to the building or the presence of a basement floor. Hanging design similar to a balcony.
• The porch-terrace is decorated with an open area to relax in the fresh air.

In the shape of the ledge, the porch is rectangular and round.

The choice of materials plays an important role in the design of the porch. Today, concrete structures have become very popular. Their convenience lies in the fact that concrete is easy to paint, decorate with tiles, stone. Also, the design of the porch is possible using wood, metal, stone and brick.

Note! Construction of wooden houses: choice of material

A wooden porch is best suited to a wooden house. Moreover, wood is an environmentally friendly material and creates an extraordinary feeling of coziness and comfort. This solution has become popular not only among wooden houses, but also brick ones. They are installed on a base made of metal, concrete or wood.

What is the most suitable tree? Of course, pine is used in 80% of cases. This is a relatively cheap material that will serve you for many years. The main thing is reliable sealing, varnishing and painting. Although, as practice shows, when using several materials at once, it turns out, as a result, an amazing architectural composition.

Do-it-yourself porch to the house

Let's start with an example of installing a wooden porch. For its manufacture, first of all, it is necessary to have a design drawing. Using boards and other materials, all the details are made. An electric jigsaw is needed to create leading supporting elements, stringers. But for the manufacture of complex design details, such as railings, it is better to seek help from a specialized workshop. There you can also ask for help from the development of a professional set of drawings, so that the dimensions of the house and additional requirements are taken into account.

It is necessary to start the assembly with the support parts. We must not forget about using the building level to check the levelness at each step of the construction. Remember! In order for the porch to serve you for a long time and reliably, it is better to mount it together with the construction of the house.

Porch with visor

Approaching any home, the first thing we notice is just a visor. And depending on the appearance, an impression is formed about the dwelling itself. Therefore, it is so important to pay attention to the design of this part of the house. What will it be? It all depends on your financial capabilities and imagination.

The main function of the visor is a presentable appearance and protection of the entrance to the house from weather gifts. Therefore, the first is the definition with the materials of manufacture. Then - defining the shape and design of the canopy. And the last is the installation of the structure.

When choosing a roofing material, you should study the technical characteristics of all proposals and focus on the most suitable option. Let's consider some of them:

• Polycarbonate is the most popular material. The visor has a beautiful translucent appearance, resistant to temperature changes, flexible, shockproof, fireproof. The disadvantage is poor transfer of UV radiation, so you should immediately treat it with a protective layer, so that the canopy does not become cloudy and does not lose its appearance after a couple of years.
• Metal is an inexpensive option, but it is much more difficult to work with, since you need to use welding or fixing bolts. Such a visor will serve for a long time and reliably if it is protected from corrosion and periodically looked after the surface.
• Metal tile - has an excellent look and will last an unlimited amount of time. It is light enough, durable, does not require unnecessary maintenance and is easy to install. The metal tile will have an attractive appearance and look wonderful with any type of frame. Among the disadvantages are the lack of sound insulation and strong heating in the summer.
• Decking - has the same advantages as metal tiles. The advantages include ease of use due to the large area of ​​the sheets, affordability and ease of installation, as well as the absence of the need for additional painting, practicality and durability.

When choosing a design, it is important to take into account the material of the roof, the parameters of the canopy and the side of the drain.

According to the method of installation, it can be supporting (a heavy structure, reinforced with wood beams or metal pipes), suspended (it has a small size and is mounted on an external wall).

By form:

• flat - such a visor is mounted open and is made of any material;
• gable - will save you from rain, wind and blizzard, you can use different materials for the construction;
• tricycle - made on a metal frame made of metal or corrugated board, reliable and easy to cover from blizzards and rain;
• metal - made by forging. This version of the visor will be large, have a representative appearance, especially strong walls are needed for decoration;
• polycarbonate - protects from wind and dust, because of its flexibility, the visor can be easily shaped into an arch, tent or umbrella, which is why designers love to use it so much.

Whatever your decision about choosing a porch, always assess your options sensibly. Remember that it is better to order complex elements from a specialized company, and in order to flawlessly perform individual work, additional training from professionals is required.

And do not forget about working drawings, materials, tools, a photo of a porch for a private house and fixtures that will be needed to plan future actions.

Photo of the porch of a private house

Any happy owner of a suburban area rejoices at the opportunity to take a break from the bustle of the city in nature. To create comfortable living conditions, you need a beautiful, warm, spacious house, a bathhouse, and outbuildings.

Without the construction of a structure, you will not be able to do it. The appearance of the building largely depends on how the entrance group is designed. Let's consider what the porches of houses can be, from what they can be built, and also we will figure out how to make a porch in the country with our own hands.

Finished building

For almost all buildings, the entrance door to which rises above the surface of the earth, the porch in front of it is a mandatory attribute. It should perform two functions: decorative ̶ to decorate the facade and practical ̶ to provide comfortable and safe movement, as well as to protect the entrance group from the influence of adverse external factors.

Components:

1. Ladder. This is the main element of the porch structure.

Requirements for stairs and their components are spelled out in SNiP 31-02-2001 "Single-family residential houses", GOST 8717-2016 "Concrete and reinforced concrete steps", SNiP II-25-80 "Wooden structures", GOST 23120-2016 "Marching stairs steel platforms and fences ".

In individual buildings, it is allowed to deviate from the current standards. With their arrangement, the owners can focus on their own taste and ease of use for family members and guests.

The parameters of the staircase elements that allow you to move comfortably on it are as follows:

• Staircase width: at least 90 cm.
• Depth of steps: 25-33 cm.
• Riser height: 15-20 cm.
• The angle of inclination of the ladder should not exceed 45 degrees.

1. Area.

The platform should be 5 cm below the edge of the entrance door. Its dimensions for easy door opening: at least 1 m long, ̶ one and a half door leaf width wide.

1. Canopy or roof.

The canopy must withstand wind and snow loads, protect people and the entrance group from precipitation and the scorching rays of the sun.

1. Walling.

Fences must be continuous, equipped with handrails at a height of at least 0.9 m, withstand loads of 0.3 kN / m. When installing baluster racks, it is recommended to leave a distance of no more than 20 cm between them, and in the presence of small children, no more than 15 cm.

There are many manufacturing options, but a staircase, even if it consists of two or three steps, and a small platform should be present.

The main elements of the porch structure are shown in the photo:

Components

Views

Let's look at the various options.

Structures can be classified according to the following criteria:

Example of construction

1. On the construction of the foundation. The building can be built on a common foundation with the structure, or be an extension on a separate one.

Building on a separate foundation

1. By the shape of the structure.

There are a huge variety of types: from simple, rectangular or semicircular, to the most complex, sometimes even bizarre shapes.

1. By operating time... The structure can be erected temporarily, for the convenience of lifting into a building under construction, or as a durable structure.

Temporary structure

1. By organizing the entrance structures into the building can be made with one or two lateral lifts.

But the most popular options are with a front entrance to the house.

Direct lift option

1. By the degree of protection of the site in front of the door... Buildings can be equipped with sheds, fences, have completely blank or only partially closed walls.

Fully enclosed type

The choice of design is often determined by the material capabilities of the owners, the requirements for the porch structure (to provide protection from falls, bad weather, prying eyes).

Open with a canopy

The site can be used not only to enter the building, but also to create additional recreation areas. If the size allows, the building can be turned into a cozy terrace or veranda for organizing gatherings with family or friends.

Terrace option

Equipping the terrace with wicker furniture, decorating with decorative elements: curtains, flowers, lanterns - you can completely transform the look of the building.

1. By the look of the stairs. It can be monolithic or arranged on guides (stringers and bowstrings).

These elements can be replaced by a frame or a cast structure made of reinforced concrete.

1. According to the material from which the structure is made.

The construction of the building must be in harmony with the architectural style of the entire building. You can choose the right materials right away and not use the cladding, or you can first make the base structure, which is then finished in accordance with the overall design of the facade.

Porch materials

Here are the most used materials for stairs by builders:

• Wood. This material is still one of the most popular for summer cottages. Its great advantage is accessibility, aesthetics and the ability to make a porch yourself.

Wood type

A wooden structure is the best fit for a building also built of wood.

Important! Particular attention should be paid to careful processing of wood from fire, moisture and insect damage.

• Metal. The construction of this material has many significant advantages. Structures made of it are strong, durable, but do not forget about periodic treatment against corrosion.

This type can be ordered from the manufacturer, however, if there is an idea of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe operation of the welding machine, then it is quite possible to build a simple structure with your own hands. Metal does not look very attractive without finishing.

For cladding, wood, WPC, tiles of various types are often used. Forged elements give a special charm.

Metal application

• Brick... Another type of material, the use of which will ensure the durability of the extension to the house. If you have ideas about brickwork, it is quite simple to build a beautiful brick structure with your own hands in the country house.

Application of bricks

The brick structure will look perfect on the facade of a building faced with bricks or blocks. An option with a departure from straight lines in the form of steps will be very interesting.

• Blocks... Blocks of various types are less often used in the construction of porches, but this option also has a right to exist.

block application

The porch, built of blocks (like the whole house), needs to be finished due to its not very attractive appearance.

• Concrete. A concrete structure made using the technology will last a long time. It is durable, safe, not susceptible to weather disasters. The appearance of such structures, of course, leaves much to be desired, however, when using facing materials, you can get a real work of art.

Concrete type

Cladding materials

The cladding material serves to give the extension an attractive appearance and also ensures its durability. It must be durable, weatherproof, safe (non-slip).

As finishing materials, you can use: siding, WPC, wood, brick, tiles of various types, panels, natural and artificial stone.

Materials for fences and canopies

• Railing. Fencing for the porch structure has a protective and decorative function. They keep people from falling and add attractiveness.

Fences can be screen and lattice. Materials for their device can be: glass, WPC, PVC, metal, polycarbonate, wood, stone.

• Roofs and awnings. To ensure a comfortable stay of people in any weather, as well as to protect the entrance group from precipitation and sunlight, visors or roofs are installed over the structure.

The canopies are mounted either directly to the facade or supported by vertical supports. The type of fastening depends on the area and weight of the structure itself and the condition of the building wall (the ability to withstand loads).

The frame of awnings is usually made of wood or metal, and the canopies themselves can be made of glass, polycarbonate, metal, metal tiles, slate, soft roofing materials.

When arranging a canopy, a drainage system should be provided to protect against excess moisture and provide comfort to people.

Having familiarized ourselves with the possible structures of the porches and the materials for their manufacture, we will consider options for how to make a structure in the country.

Construction

For a more complete acquaintance with how to make yourself an extension of this type to a country house, a video is offered in this article:

So:

1. Preparatory work. You should start with preparation, which includes: the choice of design (including the type of foundation), taking measurements, selection of materials, making a drawing, clearing the territory.

Sketch example

1. Purchase of materials.
2. Foundation device. The foundation can be piled, slab, strip and columnar. When choosing the type and depth, the type of soil, the level of groundwater, the massiveness of the structure must be taken into account. It should be noted that for concrete structures and brick porches, the foundation must be solid. On top of the finished foundation, you must not forget to lay the waterproofing.

Strip foundation

Important! The foundation must not be in contact with the foundation of the house. For insulation, a special layer is used, for example, made of mineral wool.

1. We are building. Let's consider the most popular options.

Porch made of wood

Manufacturing instruction:

• For work you will need: bars for supports (100x150 mm), logs (their thickness is determined by the size of the platform and the load on it), boards for kosour (50x300 mm) and steps (35-40 mm in thickness), material for flooring the platform, balusters, handrails, fasteners. All wooden parts must be impregnated with fire retardants and antiseptics.
• The frame of the site is being mounted. For this, vertical supports are installed, as shown in the photo. When the supports are immersed in the ground, a cushion of sand and rubble is arranged in the dug holes (at least 50 cm deep), then flat stones are laid. The beams are level. After that, the remaining space is filled with cement mortar.

Important! The solution should be completely solidified.

The height of the vertical beams is leveled. Logs are laid on the supports using a spike / groove connection or special stainless steel brackets.

• A staircase is being installed in the country. Kosoura are fastened (with pre-cut grooves for treads and risers). The upper end of the stringers are fixed to the beam, the lower end is best attached to the foundation.

Design

• Risers and treads are fixed on the stringers with self-tapping screws (in addition, you can grease the joints with glue).

• With the help of self-tapping screws, the platform flooring is laid.
• Railings are being installed. For this, support pillars are mounted in the corners. A bar is stretched between them, to which the racks are attached, which are fixed from above with handrails.

• A canopy is installed if required.

Wooden view

Concrete type

Building a concrete porch takes a long time, so you have to be patient.

For its manufacture, you can use a ready-made solution or prepare the mixture yourself. The problem of how to make a mortar for pouring with your own hands is not difficult to solve: you need a concrete mixer, cement of a brand not lower than M400, river sand, crushed stone and water. The mixture is diluted with water, starting from the ratio: cement (part), sand (2 parts), crushed stone (2 parts).

• Formwork installation. This is ̶ the most important point in the manufacture of a concrete extension. Planks, plywood, chipboard, sheet metal or plastic are used (if you want to make rounded shapes). The formwork elements must be firmly fixed. It is recommended to cover wooden elements with linseed oil to facilitate dismantling.

Formwork

• Reinforcement. For this, reinforcement rods with a diameter of 10 mm are used, which are connected to each other at a distance of 10-15 cm, or a metal mesh. In order for the reinforcement to be in the "body" of the concrete structure, it should be laid on supports, the role of which can be played by broken brick. Broken stones and bricks can also be put inside, they will increase strength and save mortar. If the railings are subsequently installed, you can install the embedded elements.

• Pouring with concrete. The prepared concrete is poured into the formwork. To compact the mixture, it is worth processing with a deep vibrator. The surface is aligned with the rule.

After this, the structure should be covered with foil. The formwork material can be dismantled a week after pouring, all other work must be left until the structure is completely dry (one month).

Concrete view

For finishing the concrete structure, the materials described above are used. If planned by the project, fences and a roof are installed.

The article considered possible options for the device of porches to summer cottages, and also gave advice on how to build a porch in the country with your own hands.

The first thing people see when they come to visit is the porch, a kind of visiting card of the owner of the house. It is important that it is not only beautiful, but also durable. A wooden porch, which you can build with your own hands, looks especially cozy. In this article, we will show you how you can make a porch with a canopy made of wood using examples of ready-made projects.

A wooden porch is a fairly light structure; it is not necessary to make a complex strip foundation for it. If the staircase is built using stringers (bowstrings), then the foundation on the supports is sufficient.

Advice! As piles, a coniferous tree is well suited, it is durable and does not rot even in humid climates.

Attention! In order for such a structure to be more stable, we attach the extreme support to the wall of the house with hardware (screws or nails).

Making steps

We calculate the number of steps. The main thing here is to adhere to several rules:

• the number of steps must be odd;
• the width of the steps should be 36-45 cm, the height no more than 20 cm.
• the width of the porch is taken at least one and a half times the width of the front door.

We outline the profile of future bowstrings on the plate. Because the support is connected to the lags on the porch, then we cut out thorns on the bowstrings and kosoura.

Attention! If you want to build a porch with a patio or attic, then you need to install two auxiliary stringers and bowstrings for the stability of the structure.

To attach stringers, bowstrings with lags, a thorn-groove design is used. To do this, you need to screw the board with grooves to the platform lag, into which the thorns of the bowstrings and stringers are mounted. For reliability, the structure is reinforced with steel brackets.

Types of steps

The final stage of making the porch

1. First you need to lay the boards on the site in front of the entrance. The boards are adjusted as close to each other as possible, because over time the wood will still dry out and disperse. Some experts believe that it is necessary to leave a distance of 2-3 mm between the boards so that water can flow there, and the distance that forms after the wood shrinks is not critical for people.
2. After that, the risers and treads are laid. They are interconnected according to the thorn-groove principle. Using a similar method, we fasten the bowstring and riser. For strength, you can additionally connect the structure with self-tapping screws.
3. A porch fence is made if there are more than 3 steps. On a wooden porch, metal railings made of stainless steel or wood look best. You can also cover the flight of stairs with non-slip rubber mats for safety.

Layout: wooden porch on a concrete base

Porch painting rules

• Before applying paint, the wood must be primed. It retains the properties of wood.
• It is not recommended to cover soft wood with transparent varnishes, because over time, a lot of dirt and sand accumulates on their surface. But a hardwood tree, on the contrary, looks beautiful if you cover it with a transparent varnish.
• A pine porch is recommended to be covered with several layers of paintwork, renewing it every 3-5 years.

Open the finished structure with varnish in several layers

• Re-coat is applied only after the old one has been removed.
• Alkyd paints are mainly used for painting the porch, they are the most resistant to abrasion. Other paints are less popular because of their harsh, unpleasant odor (oil), low durability (water-based), or high cost (reactive).

We make a visor over the porch

First, we choose the material for the visor:

• ... Differs in a variety of colors, suitable for any home design. In addition, it is strong, durable, very easy to work with, but it costs more than other materials.
• metal. A cheap and easy option for a visor. However, to make a canopy out of it, you need to have experience in welding. In addition, without additional anti-corrosion treatment, the metal visor will quickly begin to rust.

Polycarbonate visor scheme

• ... It is easier to work with this material than with metal, and a wide variety of colors makes it an analogue of polycarbonate, only cheap. However, the big disadvantage is that if the top layer is damaged, this material will quickly corrode. Thicker sheets of corrugated board are much more expensive.
• lightweight PVC boards. Just like corrugated board, they can be considered an analogue of polycarbonate. However, unlike corrugated board, PVC is more durable and reliable.
• metal tile. A great option if you have leftover material after installing the roof. If you purchase a different material from what the roof is lined with, then it will be very conspicuous. Some people dislike this material because of the rain noise.

Having chosen the material, we sketch the visor. Its length will be equal to the distance from the door to the extreme point of the canopy, and the height is calculated from the height of your house. It is also necessary to tilt the visor 20 °.

Wooden canopy

We make parts for corners from wood. We take the length of the rafters equal to the height of the canopy slope. We make struts and a wall beam from the corners. We connect the entire structure with self-tapping screws. We mount the frame above the entrance: the wall beam is fastened with screws, and the struts - with anchors. As a crate, we use bars or planks, which are laid out with a distance of 30 cm from each other. We lay the sheets of the selected material end-to-end and fix them with self-tapping screws. We fix the metal strip to the upper part of the ramp, and to the bottom - the cornice.

In conclusion, I would like to say that this technique is given as an example of making a porch. If you wish, you can come up with an original design of the railing, decorate the canopy with forging, make a large terrace where you can drink tea, or build a patio porch, where it is appropriate to put beautiful flowers in pots. It all depends on your skill and imagination.

Do-it-yourself wooden porch: video

The porch of the house is not only a decorative element of the facade, but also a good protection from rain, snow and wind all year round. The wooden porch is characterized by ease of assembly, structural reliability and natural beauty. Having familiarized yourself in advance with all the intricacies of building a wooden porch, you can do this work yourself quickly enough and without much difficulty.

Preparatory work

It is possible to build a porch made of wood efficiently and quickly, observing certain requirements for preparing a future project:

1. We create a drawing. The plan diagram includes a general view of the structure, the dimensions of all structural elements.
2. Determine the type of wood for construction (the best option is hard wood).
3. We calculate the area of ​​the landing, sufficient for the unhindered opening and closing of doors.
4. We calculate.
5. Before starting the construction of a porch with your own hands made of wood, it is important to think over the general appearance of the structure, the style of its design. It is important that the structure is in harmony with the facade of the building, being included in a single composition.

Wooden porch project

Attaching a wooden porch to the house, the following parameters are calculated:

• Stair height. It is easy to determine this indicator, for this they measure the distance from the soil surface to the threshold of the doorway, subtracting 5-10 cm of indentation (taking into account seasonal soil fluctuations and changes in the thickness of the tree under the influence of precipitation).

Attention: if the height of the porch requires the arrangement of a large number of steps, experts recommend erecting a corner frame made of wood, in which one of the marches is placed along the facade of the building.

• The length of the stringer (bowstring). The supporting beam of a ladder with a comb along the top line, on which the steps are fixed, is called a kosour. A bowstring is a structural element onto which the steps are fixed by the groove method.

• Width and height, number of steps. The basis for calculating these indicators is the width of a person's step. On average, the height of the step is 18 cm, the width (depth) is 26 cm. You can determine the required number of steps using the formula K = i / d, where: K is the number of steps; i is the distance from the porch to the starting point of the base of the stairs; d - step length.

• The width of the flight of stairs. According to regulatory documents, this indicator should be at least 70 cm.

Choice of wood species

When planning construction, it is important to choose the right material for the job. The most durable, high-quality wooden staircase to the porch will be made of larch or pine. Log houses to a wooden house made of rounded logs look very colorful.

Before buying lumber, you need to pay attention to the following points:

• dryness of wood (the cut of the tree is even, without wet spots);
• absence of traces of mold, knots, bark beetle nests.

Design features

A wooden porch for a private house is a small extension to the facade of the building.

Device options:

• open area with steps - a simple design without railings (ideal for a small one-story country house);

• partly closed area with low handrails;

• closed porch - a structure consisting of a staircase, platform, railings and a canopy. A closed porch helps to keep the house quiet and increase the level of thermal insulation.

Pros of a wooden porch

The indisputable advantage of wooden structures is the ease of processing lumber. A number of positive aspects are also worth noting:

• a large selection of models of wooden structures;
• low thermal conductivity (wooden canopies help to increase the thermal insulation of the building);
• wood does not require additional decorative finishing;
• simplicity and speed of construction (there is no need for a reinforced foundation);
• if repair is necessary, it is not necessary to dismantle the entire structure, only a separate part of it can be replaced.

Cons of a wooden porch

Wood, as a natural material, is susceptible to destruction by moisture, mildew or mold. The surface of wooden steps wears out very quickly, dries up under the influence of direct sunlight. It is especially worth noting the high degree of ignition of structures made of timber and boards.

All of the above disadvantages are easily corrected. To do this, it is necessary to regularly impregnate wooden surfaces with special protective and flame retardant compounds.

How to build a foundation

When constructing a porch made of wood, you can apply the following types of foundations:

1. Columnar - the ideal base option for a lightweight timber structure. The number of support posts depends on the total porch area.
2. Slab - a base made of a concrete monolithic slab, as a rule, is used for very heavy structures.

Let us consider in more detail the process of erecting the simplest pile (columnar) foundation.

Algorithm of actions:

• According to a pre-calculated scheme, holes are dug in the ground.
• A small layer of sand and gravel is poured into the bottom of the pit. It is necessary for high-quality moisture absorption and preservation of the pillars from premature decay.
• The support is installed in a prepared hole and poured with concrete mortar.It is important: the depth of the supports is 20 cm from the level of soil freezing.

• After waiting for the required time for leveling and hardening of concrete, check the height of all support pillars. If necessary, filing of the necessary sections is carried out. Important: in order to increase the strength of the structure, the extreme supports are attached to the facade of the building with self-tapping screws.

How to build a wooden porch

Having determined the dimensions, the type of structure, having purchased the necessary materials, you can start construction.

When constructing a porch made of wood, you must adhere to certain rules and procedures:

• pine logs will be the most suitable material as supports;
• an additional waterproofing layer must be laid between the kosour wood and the base of the foundation;
• support pillars must be treated with protective compounds;
• the support pillars are dug into the ground no more than 80 cm.

How to make a wooden porch with your own hands

A clear algorithm of actions has been developed, following which you can easily and quickly build a wooden porch with your own hands:

1. We design a plan for the future construction. We calculate the dimensions of all structural elements, the amount of material required.
2. We equip the foundation.
3. We build a staircase to the porch made of wood with our own hands.
4. We equip a canopy, railings.
5. We cover the entire structure with protective compounds.

We equip the flooring, steps and fencing

There are several ways to install decking boards and steps:

1. A wooden beam or board is tightly fitted to a friend and attached to the base with self-tapping screws. Important: in this case, the slope of the site is at least 2 ° С.
2. Boards are stacked with a certain gap (no more than 3 mm).

Installation of steps must be started from the bottom of the bowstring. First of all, the risers are mounted, and then the steps.

The final stage is the installation of the railing. A fence must be present if the height of the stairs exceeds three steps.

Installation of the platform for the wooden floor of the porch

The site is built of durable thick planks that can withstand the daily movement of large numbers of people. A small gap (gap) is left between the floorboards, which is necessary for the free flow of rainwater and the unimpeded movement of air.

Important: it is necessary to lay out the boards for the site at a slight angle of inclination.

Care and protection of a wooden porch

A canopy will help protect the porch made of wood. The canopies made of wooden beams above the porch frame look harmonious.

You can extend the life of a wooden structure by adhering to certain rules and requirements:

1. Wood requires periodic treatment with protective compounds. The first time the tree is processed even before the start of construction, then a protective layer is applied during the operation of the structure.
2. Painting or varnishing will help to give a more decorative look to the building, to show the beauty of the tree. It is necessary to apply paints and varnishes in several layers.

Important: do not cover pine wood with transparent varnishes. For soft woods, water-based, alkyd or polyurethane paints are most preferred.

Step-by-step instructions on how to make a wooden porch yourself

When constructing a wooden porch with your own hands, it is important to adhere to a clear sequence of actions:

1. Project development and calculation of the required amount of materials. The quality of the work performed, the reliability and durability of the erected structure largely depend on the accuracy of the calculations.
2. Arrangement of the foundation. For a wooden structure, it is enough to build a foundation from a pile. This easy-to-install base provides years of dependability and durability for your porch.
3. Construction of a wooden porch frame - forming a bowstring.

It is easy to assemble a single structure, all elements are interconnected by the tenon-groove method. Metal brackets will help to strengthen the frame.

1. Arrangement of the site, steps, railings. The simplest way to arrange a wooden porch site is to cover it with boards. The elements of the steps and feet are fixed to the frame with self-tapping screws. Installation of steps begins from the bottom of the bowstring. First of all, the steps are installed, and then the steps.

The safety of movement on the stairs is ensured by wooden or metal railings.

Making a beautiful wooden porch with your own hands is real, the main thing is to familiarize yourself with the intricacies of the process in advance and strictly observe all stages of construction.