There are situations in electrification when you need to supply electricity to a separate building. At the same time, it is not possible to lay a cable in a trench, due to the complexity of the relief or architecture. Therefore, along with such types of outdoor laying as trays, cable channels, pipes, corrugations, wall mounting, there is such a type of laying as cable wiring. In this article, we will consider the technology of installing a cable on a cable with our own hands.

Application area

According to this method, it is applicable for networks up to 1000 volts. Most often, cable wiring is used in places where the organization of overhead lines does not make sense, but it is enough to throw a cable attached to the cable, and this is enough to electrify the object.

In this way, lighting networks and electrical wiring for sockets in warehouses, power cables in production halls, as well as between two separate buildings are carried out.

For home master this way posting has a certain interest. This is because with the help of simple technology it is possible to electrify outbuildings in the country. Thanks to cable wiring, it is possible to conduct light from the house to the bathhouse, garage, shed, gazebo and other buildings and lighting devices spaced at some distance along the personal plot.

Preparatory work

First you need to decide on the wire and its section. We talked about that in the corresponding article. After that, you need to measure the length, taking into account the entire route of the wiring from the machine to the distribution panel. When choosing a cable and suspension elements, it is necessary to take into account the weight of the wire in this area, with a threefold safety factor. Since in difficult weather conditions the load on the suspension structure increases, it can cause breakage and blackout. Mainly used galvanized steel wire rope with a diameter of 4.6 to 6.8 mm. In cases where the length of the suspension is small, and the weight is such that it can be neglected, instead of cable electrical wiring, you can use a string (galvanized steel wire or varnished hot-rolled wire from 5 to 10 mm is stretched).

Installation technology

First, you need to fix the anchor and the fastening elements of the cable wiring on the selected section. For the most part, these are steel plates tightened on both sides of the wall with studs, and rings welded to them for hanging the cable. The fastening tension is done to strengthen and prevent them from falling out, to distribute the load weight evenly along the wall, and not at the fastening points.

The suspension height should not be lower than 2.75 meters above the pedestrian zone, and not less than 6 meters above the car passage. All norms of overhead wiring, including the distance between the supports, are indicated in the diagram:

After installing the strings, they begin to tie the cable with a bandage. To suspend cable wiring on the street, you can use plastic clamps, galvanized iron strips, galvanized knitting wire. The distance between the bandage is 50-80 cm.

When using a knitting wire, it is necessary to prevent the core from cutting into the insulation; for this, a gasket is made between the bandage and the wire made of insulating material. The winding area of ​​the band should be maximally distributed by laying 7-10 turns of the band. If using plastic straps, check their performance data. Otherwise, in winter in frost or very hot summer, you will find scattered clamps.

When laying the cable outside along the cable, it is also necessary to protect the line from the influence of the medium on the insulation, therefore it is recommended to stretch it in the corrugation, as shown in the photo below. This will then reduce the cost of operation and restoration of cable routing.

If the span is short or there is no possibility of attaching the cable to the cable at the installation site, it is possible to assemble the suspension on the ground. An already prepared structure can be pulled and attached.

Following our instructions, you can independently conduct electrical wiring to detached buildings in the country. We also recommend watching a useful video that shows how to make a loop on a cable with your own hands:

Preparing the rope

That's all that I wanted to tell you about how to do the installation of cable wiring with your own hands. As you can see, laying a cable along a cable is a rather laborious undertaking, but a home craftsman can still do it!

The word lanyard used by professional riggers may seem unfamiliar, but at the same time, everyone must have seen this item at least sometime. For the first time, such a fastening device was used in the field of cargo shipping specialists in reliable cargo securing. This was the name of the device that is still used today when tightening, removing slack in rigging, building buildings, installing cables, poles and other supports, for example, buttresses.

To understand what it is - a lanyard, get acquainted with its types, functions and specific examples application.

Lanyards of two types

Key details and design features

The design of the lanyard, experts can also call it a ratchet, most often includes two screws with opposite threads, which are screwed into a ring with holes matching the thread.

The classic lanyard consists of details:

• robust cast elliptical or elongated coupling rectangular;
• two holes with the opposite direction of rotation of the thread, located in the center of the rounding of the coupling and strictly along the axis of the entire product;
• two screws with fasteners (rings / hooks / loops / forks) at the ends, made in the form of rods, providing the necessary tension (cables / ropes / chains) when they rotate in opposite directions.

Lanyard ring hook

The ends of the screws are made both with an eye (eye) and a hook - fork. It is to them that the cable (chain) should be attached. Tension adjustment occurs with the rotation of the ring, when the screws should gradually move towards the center. Ratchets are used in situations such as tensioning the cable between the posts, when a large tension is required.

Lanyards differ in weight, starting from a few grams, when a tensile force of several kilograms is required, for example, when installing curtain strings, reaching tens of tons, when the devices are included in engineering projects for the construction of buildings, bridges.

Cable tension

GOSTs and other normative documents of standardization

The regulations for the manufacture of cable tensioners in the post-Soviet space are as follows: regulations:

• GOST 9690-71;
• OST 5.2314-79.

Types and guests

International standards on production regulation, technical characteristics of lanyards are based on DIN 1478, DIN 1480.

Get all the important information by simply looking carefully at the handle with the accepted markings, at the hooks with an indication of the caliber (diameter) of the cable / chain allowed for use.

Typical dimensions

Working principle and tension adjustment

Correct functioning tensioners allows simultaneous rotation of two screws in opposite directions, which is available due to the application of opposite threads. This process ends when a sufficient tension force is reached in the cable / rope / chain, which allows you to fix a specific object at a certain moment - a load, real estate, a pole, a mast, and the like.

Riggers, builders, interior designers, antenna installers and even piano tuners can be considered professionals in their field precisely because of the maximum skill in feeling the moment of sufficient fastening tension.

Fastening structures

Easy adjustment tension allows it to be easily loosened, and the fastener installation technology provides a comfortable dismantling option, should such a need arise. The simplicity of the design of such fasteners can also be considered a valuable advantage, which always excludes additional risks of its destruction during operation.

Wizards have the ability to pre-prepare / assemble a large number elements for fasteners, if such preparatory work give additional benefits in the speed of their installation already directly on the object, it is also possible to use non-separable ratchets.

Cargo devices weigh up to 25 kg, withstand a certified load of up to 90 tons. This means that with the help of several fasteners, you can fix almost any object, having correctly calculated the load.

Tensioning system device

Types of tensioners for cables and chains

All tensioners can be divided according to several important criteria, one of which is the material for their manufacture.

Classification principles and device types

Due to the use of this fastener in conditions of constant adverse effects of atmospheric phenomena, lanyards are mainly used:

• made of stainless steel alloys;
• made of galvanized metal.

For the manufacture of tensioners, only the most suitable high quality steel, from which the products are made by the forging method, which are subjected to the passivation process in the next technological step.

Passivation is the application of a protective layer by the method of exceptionally hot galvanizing, which provides the necessary anti-corrosion properties of fasteners used for continuous long-term operation in humid environments without loss quality characteristics.

Fork-fork type

In addition, a breakdown by the types of fasteners at the ends of the screws is important, among which the most commonly used products are marked:

• C + C (hook / hook);
• C + O (hook / ring);
• O + O (ring / ring).

Hook-ring type

Such fasteners can be open and closed. The second type is more common in more modern models used to secure fiber optic cables.

The choice of fasteners for specific tasks

Experts recommend using lanyards of a specific marking in the optimal configuration for each task. So, for example, "C + C" fasteners are most often used where it is necessary to lengthen the cable / chain, change their tension. Most often, these are masts and antennas.

The C + O system serves a similar purpose. And turnbuckles marked "O + O" come in handy where ropes / chains / cables with hooks at the ends are used. Chain ratchets allow you to well tighten loads that are sufficiently distant from each other. The features of such fasteners are described in more detail in the next paragraph.

Application in cabling

Chain ratchets - design and application

The lanyard shown as an example in the photo is called a chain ratchet. It is highly durable and reliable.

Applications and main purpose

Such a tensioner is intended primarily for fastening systems on trawls, as well as for rigging when transporting goods in the logging industry. A chain lanyard is necessary for high-quality tensioning of chains used when tying bulky goods.

Chain tie in most rigging instructions It is recommended for use when transporting especially heavy loads (pipes of large diameters, logs), as well as special special equipment (parts of turbines, large-sized oversized machines, for example, equipment for running wheel sets of railway trains, or for turning large-sized parts) on trawls.

Such rigging devices are distinguished by their ergonomics - their device allows the operation of tension with one hand, so that the other can calmly hold the chain during its execution.

Ratchet chain

Features of the design and operation of chain ratchets

Chain ratchets using a ratchet mechanism are made more often with hooks, but models with eyes at the ends are also used. In the standard version of the chain lanyard, hooks are used that are suitable exclusively for chains of a certain caliber (diameter).

The device is designed for the parameters of the impact of exclusively axial linear force, therefore lateral loads are categorically contraindicated. They are never used for lifting loads. The chain tie set as standard includes:

• chain with hooks at the ends (3-5 m);
• chain lanyard.

Screen fastening

Each ratchet, according to the results of laboratory tests, is necessarily certified, as it is a source of potential threat to employee injuries, damage to property, and the creation of emergency situations. When choosing attachments of this type, always consider the power of the load in relation to the size of the chain used!

Areas of application of tensioners

Where can I see working lanyards? The answer is simple - almost everywhere where fixation of objects is required. different sizes ensuring symmetrical tension on opposite sides. The devices are not suitable for lifting / handling loads, but are used only for fixing during transportation by any means of transport, as well as on stationary objects - for guaranteed stability. It can be:

• TV / radio towers;
• lightning rods;
• satellite dishes;
• water towers;
• pillars;
• fasteners for shelving in logistics centers;
• tower structures;
• auxiliary construction equipment;
• industrial / civil buildings / other structures;
• objects requiring reconstruction or maintaining a safe state that protects against further destruction;
• flagpoles;
• sports equipment;
• heavy fences;
• monuments;
• attractions, high-rise parks;
• temporary / transportable structures (tents, tents).

Antenna mast mount

The areas of application are constantly expanding. But just a century ago, lanyards were used exclusively by sailors! This is true both for everyday life and for industrial use of fasteners. You can observe small products in the decoration window openings cornices / curtains / blinds. And you cannot help but notice the giant lanyards in the structures of modern bridges and buildings with a special architecture, involving additional supports and fixation.

Cable tension instructions

Before pulling the cable between the posts, you should study all the rules for the safe use of lanyards - both for the installation process and for subsequent operation. To do this, you must first select a tensioner suitable for the task. Use the table below for an accurate selection.

The main stages and rules of work

Having chosen the necessary lanyard, you should act in compliance with the following technology:

1. Wipe down the tensioner with gasoline.
2. Polish it with a felt wheel.
3. Apply grease (graphite / molybdenum bisulfate).
4. Drive out empty.
5. Turn it a couple of times during installation.
6. When installed with a hit sea ​​water- rinse with fresh (to prevent parts from sticking).
7. Install the cable tensioner by rotating the screws in opposite directions until an effective tension is achieved, when the load or structure is effectively secured.
8. If the cable is overtightened, the tension should be loosened by smoothly turning the screws in the opposite direction to the initial one.
9. Replace bent parts if necessary.
10. Make sure that there is no load other than axial.
11. Periodically check the quality of the cable tension, adjusting, if necessary, using the same method that was used during the initial installation.

Cable tension

For such devices, the most important correct installation, which allows, during the further operation of the tensioners, to give them the minimum time for condition monitoring, scheduled maintenance, while maintaining the guaranteed quality characteristics specified in the certification documents. Following all the points of the above instructions, you can always pull the cable efficiently and reliably without any help.

Having studied the information about lanyards, and having figured out what it is, what they are used for and how they are divided into types, you can independently choose a fastening device for specific purposes, without risking the reliability of the fixed structure.

For beginners who want to improve their professional level, as well as for those who use fasteners on their own in everyday life, it is useful to watch a video with details the right technology installation for different types turnbuckles.

Video: What is a lanyard and how it works

The suspension of the supporting cable and its tension are done in two steps. At first, the cable is pulled along the length of the wiring and one end is fixed to the end anchor structure, the tension bolt of which is previously loosened. The 2nd free end of the cable is measured according to the actual length of the liner, taking into account the length of the cable required for sealing the loops, installing tensioners and compensation of the boom sag, and attach it to a previously weakened special tensioner, if necessary. Then they create a preparatory tension of the supporting cable together with the tensioning device, which, with all this, is put on the 2nd end anchor hook. The tension of the carrying cable, depending on its length, is carried out manually with small gaps, and with huge ones - using blocks, pulleys or winches.
As already mentioned, the tension of the cable should be created until the calculated sag is obtained, but with a force not exceeding the tension force permissible for a given supporting cable. Control over the correct tension of the supporting cable is carried out by a dynamometer, connected alternately with a chain hoist cable or a block, with the help of which the cable tension is created, or by measuring the sag. The final tension and adjustment of the carrying cable is created by tightening the previously loosened tensioning devices. It is recommended to create work on suspension and tension of load-bearing cables at an ambient temperature not lower than -20 ° C.
To unload the carrying cable and its end fasteners and reduce the sag in the cable guides, different unloading devices are used in the form of additional vertical, longitudinal and transverse auxiliary wire suspensions and braces.
To give the cable conduction more immobility and to prevent lateral swaying, lateral guys are installed.
Vertical wire hangers are installed approximately every 3 -12 m, placing them at the locations of branches from wires and cables, installation and suspension of branch boxes, branches and lighting fixtures.
Vertical wire suspensions are made of metal wire with a diameter of 2 - 6 mm for lines of force as heavier in mass and with a diameter of 2-3 mm for lighter lighting wires.
Longitudinal lateral and transverse guys are made of metal wire with a diameter of 2 - 6 mm.
For string electrical wiring, in contrast to cable wires, the supporting string in a taut state is attached very tightly to ceilings, trusses, supports, walls and protruding wall parts, columns and other building foundations by different methods.

Figure 12.7 - End fixing structures of electric cable wiring and methods of their installation:
c - tension bolt with a hook, b - cable tension anchor, "- anchors for end fixing wire strings, fixed with pins, pins, dowels, and electric welding, d - cable anchors for the end fastening of factory-made steel cables, e - structures for attaching cables and wire to metal trusses made of profile steel and T-beams, e - structure for fastening parallel load-bearing ropes

As load-bearing elements, suspension braces are used: steel rope(rope with a diameter of 1.95 - 6.5 mm, galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 2.5 - 6 mm, round hot-rolled wire (wire rod) with a diameter of 5 - 8 mm, bare galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 6.8 and 7.5 mm, twisted from ordinary steel or copper-plated steel wires, a rope serving both as a supporting cable and a neutral wire.
In the process of procurement work, they are installed and fixed on the suspension cable, branch clamps for aluminum and copper wires and boxes for wires of the ANRG brand, make the necessary connections and descents to connect the wiring to the supply line.

Figure 12.8 - Products and details for the installation of cable wiring:
a - a box for branching from the main lines, 6 - cruciform and tee compression, c - ram compression, d - suspension with plastic clips, e - steel hangers, e - strip with a buckle and a strip-buckle for banding wires and cables; 1 - strip for fixing the branch box, 2 - box body, 3 - clamp, 4 - dies, 5 - suspension clamps, 6 - eyelet for fixing the luminaire

For branches from trunk lines made with three- and four-core wires of the APT brand, a branch box is used (Figure 12.8, a), which can be of three types: 0.2 - for lighting networks with a cross-section of main wires 4-10 mm2 and branch wires 1-2.5 mm2; C2 - for lighting and power networks with a cross-section of the main and branch wires of 4-10 mm2; SZ - for power networks with a cross-section of the main wires of 16-35 mm2 and branch wires of 4-10 mm2.

Branches from the main aluminum and copper wires are performed using cruciform and tee clamps (Figure 12.8, b). For branching of wires with a cross section of 6, 10 and 16 mm2 from wires of main lines with a cross section of 35 and 50 mm2, flat clamps are used (Figure 12.8, c).

To suspend four insulated wires with a cross section of up to 6 mm2 and lamps to a cable with a diameter of 4-7 mm and lamps, use a plastic suspension U930-U934 (Figure 12.8, d), and for a cable on a cable with a diameter of up to 10 mm - steel suspension U954-U956 (Figure 12.8, d).

Binding of wires and cables is performed with a steel strip with a buckle or a strip-buckle (Figure 12.8, e).

3 Methods of fastening the cables

At the second stage of installation, the harvested sections and nodes of cable guides are collected into a common lash and suspended on tensioning devices and supporting structures installed at the first stage of installation.
The harvested cable wiring delivered to the installation site is unwound and straightened, while checking its condition and completeness. If the wiring is added in the form of separate sections and nodes, they are assembled into cable lashes, and then the finished wiring is suspended in place. The assembly and suspension of the wire rope are shown schematically in Figure 3.
To assemble and suspend the cable wiring, one end of the supporting cable (in Figure 3, the right one) is terminated with a loop 1 and thrown onto a temporary right anchor hook 2, installed at a height of 1.5 m. a loop of one end of the chain hoist 8, and a wedge clip 5 is attached to the free end of the chain hoist, which captures the cable at a certain distance from the end loop of the supporting cable. In this case, the free (left in Figure 3) end of the cable and the tension sleeve 9 mounted on it will be in a suspended position. The supporting cable suspended between the temporary anchors, together with the electrical wiring elements fixed on it, is pulled with a chain hoist until the required sag is formed. The tension of the carrying cable is controlled by a dynamometer located between the chain hoist and the wedge clamp.

Figure 3 - Scheme of assembly and suspension of cable wiring at the installation site: 1 and 1 "- end loops on the supporting cable, 2 and 2" - temporary and permanent anchors, 3 - inventory stands, 4 - lash of cable wiring, 5 - wedge clamp, 6 - auxiliary section of the cable, 7 - free end of the supporting cable, 8 - pulley block, 9 - tension sleeve, 10 - dynamometer, 11 - vertical wire hangers

Efforts when pulling the cable of ATRG wires should not exceed: 100 kgf for cable wires with a cross-section of 4-10 mm2; 500 kgf - for wires with a conductor cross-section of 16- 35 mm2.

At the end of the tension of the cable wiring, the free end of the supporting cable with the tensioning device is put on the left anchor hook 2, the pulley block 8 is loosened and removed from the hook. Next, inventory stands 3 are installed under the cable, which support the electrical wiring at a height convenient for work.

At the final stage of installation, the luminaire bodies are suspended and fixed on the cable, but without glass parts (reflectors, glass caps, etc.), the height of the suspension of the wiring between anchoring, as well as perform a number of other installation operations.

The assembled wiring string is lifted, connected to the anchors and a tensioning device, tensioned using tensioning devices, the vertical wire suspensions are finally adjusted and fastened, lamps are installed in the lamps and reflectors and caps are fixed in the lamp housings, check the correctness mutual arrangement all wiring parts.

In accordance with the requirements of the PUE, the elements of cable wiring (carrying cable, luminaire housings, cable sheaths, etc.) must be grounded. To ground the cable wiring, its fastening structures and the supporting cable are connected to the I grounding buses using flexible jumpers from steel cable with a diameter of at least 5 mm or stranded copper wire with a cross section of at least 2.5 mm2.

In the case of using a supporting cable as a neutral or grounding wire, the cross-section of the jumper must correspond to the calculated cross-section of the neutral or grounding wire.

Grounding is performed as follows. Cut a piece of cable or flexible copper wire of the required length and required cross-section for use as a grounding jumper. A steel sleeve or flag is welded to one end of the jumper, which, in turn, is welded to the grounding bus. The opposite free end of the lintel is attached to the supporting cable using a bolt clamp.

Metal support and cable structures grounded by securely connecting them to the supporting cable.

Cable wiring, made with ATRG wires, is grounded, connecting the section of the carrier millet freed from insulation with the body of the branch box, inside which there is special device.
In lighting installations with a solidly grounded neutral, the neutral wire and luminaire bodies are also connected to the anchor device of Special boxes or to the neutral wire in ordinary boxes. In this case, the electrical wiring together with the supporting cable is grounded through the neutral wire of the lighting network.

Metal cases of luminaires in cable wiring with open wiring are grounded using separate grounding insulated copper conductors with a cross section of at least 1.5 mm2. The ends of the grounding conductors are connected to the luminaire housings for grounding screws, and to the neutral wire or to the supporting cable (if used as a neutral wire) by soldering or mechanical clamps.

In cable wiring with an open laying of protected wires and cables, the luminaires are grounded using an additional core, which is part of the cable and wire structure. In these cases, the grounding conductor is not connected to the neutral wire in the branch box, but to the luminaire body - inside or outside it, depending on the design of the luminaires.

At the end of the installation of the cable wiring:
- measure the insulation resistance of the conductors of wires and cables of cable wiring with a 1000 V megohmmeter with the fuse-links removed and the lamps in the lighting circuits unscrewed, but with the switches connected, sockets and group shields; insulation resistance must be at least 0.5 megohm;
-determine the correctness of the performed phasing of the cable wiring and branches from it; the phases must match;
- check the condition of the insulation of conductive conductors of wires and cables in relation to the carrying cable, as well as the continuity of the grounding circuit: cable - branch box - grounding conductor.
If the results of the checks performed are satisfactory, the cable wiring is handed over for operation.

When using metal ropes, it may be necessary to fasten them together or form loops at their ends. A steel cable clamp will help to effectively cope with this task. What modifications exist and how to use them, we will describe below.

Purpose and design specifics

These devices are made of durable materials - it is thanks to the metal that the reliable fastening that can withstand increased loads. Structurally, the clamp consists of an arc and nuts.

It is advisable to use several clamps - professionals advise taking at least three. However, if the load is too high, then it is better to choose other fixing methods and refuse to install a large number of clamps.

High-strength steel is additionally galvanized. Such protective layer protects elements from corrosion, and also minimizes the impact of other external factors.

To prevent disengagement and breakage, learn how to use the cable clip correctly. There is nothing difficult in this - it is enough to bring the ends under an arc and tighten with nuts. They twist in different directions, and the rope remains in the gaps between them.

Tighten the nuts until the cable is fully clamped. If you create a loop, then the cut end should be on top, above the solid section, but directly below the arc. Clamping element- nuts - will be at the bottom.

Classification of fixtures

Clamps should be selected taking into account the specific conditions of their use, the characteristics of the cable used and the planned load. In terms of size, you can choose a wide variety of modifications - they can be small 3-5 mm in diameter, but there are also more voluminous ones up to 40 mm.

In everyday life, they are most often used conventional designs, which are made from steel of the second class after galvanizing. They have a loop at the base clamped with bolts. However, professionals are in demand for reinforced modifications with a more durable shutter. Therefore, they are focused on an increased level of stress.

For manufacturing, steel or copper is used, although in some cases it is permissible to use only an aluminum clamp for the cable. But steel with a galvanized coating will be a more expensive option, but will allow the use of fasteners in harsh climatic zones.

The design also varies - they can be single or double, have a flat or arched design. Flat models have two galvanized steel plates with a diameter of 2-40 mm.

Fastening is done with bolts and nuts. Their use is effective when splicing cables and carrying out other similar manipulations. To connect, you need to install more than two devices.

Double cable clamps feature two fixing bolts, while single ones only have one bolt-nut pair. Their principle of operation is almost identical.

The arcuate structure has a cylindrical shape with an arcuate curvature. There are bolts at the ends, which provide fixation. Most often they are used in connecting operations, however, loop fastening is also permissible. This is an industrial version of the fastener that can bear a load of at least 97 kg.

The crimp clamp is made from aluminum alloy... It looks like an oval piece of pipe with a slight flattening on both sides. A cable is inserted into this section, and the structure is flattened in two ways:

• impact with a hammer;
• manually by pressing.

Specific types of clamps

Since in construction, fasteners experience a dynamic load, and loads are often raised to a height, spring mechanisms are used here.

Thanks to them, not only the usual fastening of cables is carried out, but also the fixation of objects. Structurally, they have levers with moving brackets. As a result, the object can be fixed on the cable, regardless of its thickness.

Wedge connections are indispensable for working with copper and aluminum wires with a cross section of 35-100 sq. mm. They are made of cast iron steel with a wear-resistant wedge made of bronze or aluminum alloys.

For more secure clamping aluminum wires large section use special gaskets of the same material. The fastening will be strong, but the bolts should be tightened every 7-10 days.

Selection and use

The photo of the cable clamps shows a variety of modifications that can be used for a specific installation purpose. It is important to check:

• presence of marking;
• absence of defects and defects;
• compliance of the clamp with the parameters of the rope.

When fixing the rope, the jumper should be on the side of the rope where the main load is present. Before use, check the tightness of the fastening. It is not allowed to work on the mechanism by welding.

The use of clamps allows you to provide a reliable and strong fastening when connecting cables or forming a loop. You can make them yourself, but purchasing factory-made products will ensure the durability of the fasteners.

Photo of cable clamps

We can safely say that almost everyone has seen this useful device like a cable tensioner. Many even know how to use this device. However, few people know that this device has a name - this is a lanyard. This word was coined by professional riggers. In our article we will talk about lanyards, their key features, as well as tips for correct operation.

Application of lanyards - where are they used

This type of tensioner is widely used in the field of cargo and sea transportation. Today it is impossible to imagine a single heavy or oversized cargo that would be fastened without the help of lanyards. Thanks to special design, the device has the ability to handle very heavy loads, the mass of which reaches several tens of tons. Initially, craftsmen used a mechanism to connect metal and wooden structures different types and types.

Lanyard is such a device that is ideal for securing loads during rigging, as well as transporting goods. For example, the mechanism will be indispensable in cases when it is required to install bulky antennas or metal structures.

Modern lanyards are made from high quality stainless steel. Due to this, the mechanisms are resistant to the destructive effects of corrosion. To enhance performance characteristics, as well as to increase the level of reliability, strength and durability of the device, they are often coated with various sprays. Galvanized lanyards are very popular, the cost of which is slightly higher than the average price for similar devices.

Moreover, the cost is fully justified. The bottom line is that metal cable tensioners are usually used to secure loads from the outside, under open air... Therefore, they are exposed to the environment... If you buy a tool coated with zinc, then you can forget about the problems associated with deformation or destruction due to atmospheric precipitation.

When buying cable tensioners, first of all, attention should be paid to the thickness and length of the ropes and cables, which require a lanyard to work with. Despite the fact that they are able to withstand the colossal loads created by multi-ton objects, the parameters of the lanyards themselves are compact. So, the sizes are in the range from several to tens of centimeters. By choosing the right cable mounting tensioner, you can count on the successful securing of the necessary objects.

Lanyard from the inside - how it works

Externally, the lanyard resembles an ordinary clutch, which consists of several screws. The peculiarity lies in the fact that the screws have a thread with an opposite lead. Another important element of any lanyard is the metal base on which the screws are screwed. Typically, the base is different cylindrical... However, grounds are not always used. Simpler and more primitive models are equipped with special rings. Naturally, the metal base provides greater strength and reliability of the device. In any case, the work of the mechanism is carried out by tightening the screws closer to the center. The result is maximum tension on cables, ropes, belts or ropes - depending on what is being pulled together with the lanyard.

Cargo transportation and rigging are far from the only areas of application for tensioners. For example, lanyards can be used in everyday life, in particular, for tuning the piano (pulling the strings to achieve the best sound), and also, if necessary, tightening the curtain fasteners.

In most cases, cable devices are made open, that is, the screws for adjusting the tension force are in plain sight. The body can be made by casting, welding or forging. The next stage of the technological process consists in milling two holes through which the force and length can be changed. Regardless of the production method for each specific part that is part of the tensioner, the device itself is made by turning.

The design of any lanyard is represented by the following main components:

• Metal case
• Two screws with opposite threads
• The head of the screw, which is made in the form of a ring, hook or fork.

It should be noted that there are also models with closed type screws that are required to secure additional protection goods being transported, as it will take more time to loosen the screws. In addition, closed lanyards are in demand when working with heavy huge objects in difficult weather conditions.

Lanyards for ropes - their main types

When buying a lanyard for tensioning cables, you must decide on its marking, as well as the features of each specific model. There are several types of devices for securing goods:

1. 1. О + О - there are rings on each screw head
2. 2.C + O - there is a ring and a hook on the heads
3. 3.C + C - lanyard is presented in a configuration with two hooks
4. 4. В + В - there are plugs on the screws

These are the most popular models that are this moment presented on the market. To increase the tension or to release it, the screws must be rotated, as a result of which they will move either from the center or towards the center of the device. In the first case, the tension force will decrease, while the movement of the screws towards the center indicates an increase in the cable tension force. There are reinforced models called cargo lanyards. A feature of such devices is strong and durable steel, capable of withstanding enormous loads. So, cargo mechanisms weighing about 25 kilograms provide fastening of objects with total weight up to 90 tons.

To increase the tension, you need to rotate the screws

We also note that hook-and-hook lanyards are used in cases where the load is attached to durable products like antennas, masts, as well as cables or ropes. If you have purchased a device with ring-to-ring types, then a hook-shaped object is required to secure such a lanyard. Otherwise, it is not possible to secure the O-shaped tensioner. Moving elements of such mechanisms have a special thread, which is necessary for adjusting and changing the length of the cable. V modern devices appear additional devices, whose task is to change the level of smoothness of tension. The area of ​​application of such devices is the pulling of fiber-optic cables under light loads.

When working with lanyards of the above varieties, one should take into account the fact that their use is strictly prohibited to secure load-bearing structures... In this case, the "fork-fork" option on the screw heads can help. A very popular and demanded version of tensioners. With the help of such a device, riggers get the opportunity to adjust the length of the cable and the level of its tension in the shortest possible time. However, for lifting objects this tool will not work. Its main purpose is belaying, stretching, and suspension tuning.

In some situations, chain lanyards are used, which can boast of a significantly longer length. Due to this feature, the tool can be used to grip two or even more objects in order to pull them together, setting a certain level of tension.

Correct use of lanyards - what is the secret of successful work

It is necessary to subject the lanyard for the cable only to such loads for which it is designed. In the event of deformation of any individual elements due to increased loads, it is necessary to immediately respond to what is happening: reduce the tension level of the cables and replace the components that are out of order. Moreover, it is required to carry out such actions with the utmost care and attention so that the stretched cable does not destroy the mechanism and does not harm you.

Radial or lateral loads significantly reduce the service life of the devices, since the lanyards are not intended for testing such loads. In this regard, constant monitoring of the tool is required before work, during and always after. Any, even the smallest and seemingly insignificant deformations, are unacceptable. By choosing correct device to work with loads of appropriate dimensions and weight, you will minimize the likelihood of failure of the device.

• Applying grease
• Felt wheel polishing
• Flushing with gasoline
• Running the tool dry

One of the most common problems with tensioners is a tightly stuck lanyard, the screws of which can be incredibly difficult to unscrew, even for physically developed men. To avoid such problems, it is necessary to use special lubricants, including those with an additive of molybdenum bisulfate or graphite, and also periodically rinse the device in clean fresh water.

As you can see, the lanyard is an excellent tool for performing complex work related to the transportation of heavy loads, as well as their securing. And proper care will ensure long and trouble-free operation of the mechanism.