The diploma project contains 109 pages, 24 figures, 16 tables, 9 used sources, 6 appendices.

AUTOMATION OF THE MAIN-LINE PUMPING UNIT НМ1250-260, SENSOR, SIGNAL, ACS SERIES "MODICON TSX QUANTUM", VIBRATION CONTROL, VIBRATION CONTROL SYSTEMS

The object of the research is the main pumping unit НМ 1250-260, which is used in the LPDS "Cherkassy".

In the course of the research, the analysis of the existing level of automation of the unit was carried out, the need to modernize its control system was substantiated.

The purpose of the work is to develop a control program for the PLC "Modicon TSX Quantum" by "Schneider Electric".

As a result of the research, an automation system for the main pumping unit was developed on the basis of modern software and hardware. As software the project used the ST language of the ISaGRAF program.

The experimental design and technical and economic indicators indicate an increase in the efficiency of the modernized control system of the main pumping unit.

The degree of implementation is the results obtained applied in the "Cascade" vibration control system.

The effectiveness of the implementation is based on increasing the reliability of the MNA automation system, which is confirmed by calculating the economic effect for the billing period.

Definitions, symbols and abbreviations ……………………………………… 6

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… .. 7

1 Linear production dispatching station “Cherkasy”…. 9 1.1 a brief description of linear production dispatching station "Cherkassy" …………………………………………………………… .. 9

1.2 Characteristics of technological equipment …………………………. nine

1.3 Characteristics of technological rooms …………………………… 12 1.4 Operating modes of LPDS "Cherkassy" ……………………………………… 13 1.5 Main pump unit …………………………………………. 16 1.6 Connection of pumps of LPDS "Cherkassy" ………………………………………. eighteen

1.7 Analysis of the existing automation scheme of LPDS "Cherkassy" ... ... ... 19

2 Patent study …………………………………………………… ... 22

3 Automation of LPDS "Cherkasy" ………………………………………… 27

3.1 Automation of the main pumping unit …………………… .. 27

3.2 Emergency protection system ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 33

3.3 APCS based on Modicon TSX Quantum controllers ………………… .. 35

3.4 Block diagram of the APCS based on the Quantum system ………………… 39

3.5 Devices included in the system ………………………………… .. 42

3.6 Sensors and technical means automation …………………………. 48

4 Choice of the MNA vibration monitoring system …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ” 54

4.2 Vibration monitoring equipment "Cascade" .... …………………………… .. 56

4.3 Development of a control program for the pump unit .................................................... ..................... 64

4.4 Tool system for programming industrial controllers …………………………………………………………………. 65

4.5 ST language description ………………………………………………………. 67

4.6 Creation of a project and programs in the ISaGRAF system ………………………. 71

4.7 Controller Programming ………………………………………… ... 73

4.8 Algorithm of signaling and control of the pump unit ...................... 74

4.9 The results of the program ……. ………………… .. ………………… ... 77

5 Occupational health and safety of the main-line pumping station "Ufa-Western Direction" ................................................................. 80

5.1 Analysis of potential hazards and industrial hazards ... 80

5.2 Safety measures during the operation of facilities at LPDS "Cherkassy"

5.3 Measures for industrial sanitation ……………………………… 86

5.4 Fire safety measures ………………………………… 89

5.5 Calculation of the installation of foam extinguishing and fire water supply ..................... 91

6 Assessment of the economic efficiency of automation of the linear production dispatching station "Cherkassy" ……………………. 96

6.1 Main sources of efficiency improvement ………………… 97 6.2 Methodology for calculating economic efficiency ……………………… 97

6.3 Calculation of the economic effect …………………………………………. 99

Conclusion …………………………………………………………………… 107

List of sources used ……………………………………… ... 109

Appendix A. List of demo sheets ……………………… 110

Appendix B. Specifications and connection diagrams of power supply modules ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 111 111

Appendix B. Specification of the central processing unit ... 114

Appendix D. Specifications of I / O Modules …………………… .. 117

Appendix E. Advantech Modules Specifications ……………………… ... 122

Appendix E. Listing of the control program ………………………… 125

DEFINITIONS, DESIGNATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

		Linear production dispatching station
		Automated workplaces
		Manual control unit
		Ufa-Western direction
		Automatic switching on reserve
		Local control room
		Main pump unit
		Main oil product pipeline
		Microprocessor automation system
		Fire safety standards
		Oil pumping station
		Program logic controller
		Electric motor
		District control point
		Dispatch control and data collection
		Cleaning and diagnostic tool
		Programming language
		Pressure wave smoothing system
		High voltage switch
		Object communication device
		Strainer filters
		CPU
		Electrical installation rules
		Building regulations
		Occupational safety standards system
		Information processing system

INTRODUCTION

Automation of technological processes is one of the decisive factors in increasing productivity and improving working conditions. All existing and construction projects are equipped with automation equipment.

Transportation of petroleum products is a continuous production that requires close attention to the issues of reliable operation, construction and reconstruction of oil pumping facilities, overhaul of equipment. Currently, the main task of transporting petroleum products is to improve the efficiency and quality of the transport system. To accomplish this task, it is envisaged to build new and modernize existing oil pipelines, widespread introduction of automation, telemechanics and automated control systems for the transport of petroleum products. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the reliability and efficiency of oil pipeline transport.

The automation system of the line production dispatching service (LPDS) is designed to control, protect and control the equipment of the oil pipeline. It should provide autonomous maintenance of the specified operating mode of the pumping station and its change by commands from the operator's console of the LPDS and from the higher level of control - the regional dispatch center (RDP).

The relevance of the creation of automation control systems at LPDS "Cherkassy" has increased in connection with low level automation, the presence of obsolete relay circuits, low reliability and complexity of maintenance. This requires replacing existing systems with a microprocessor-based automation system.

The aim of the diploma project is: increasing the reliability and survivability of technological equipment and automation equipment of LPDS; extension functionality; increasing the frequency of maintenance and repair of stations.

The objectives of the thesis project are:

• analysis the existing system automation of LPDS;
• modernization of the control system of pumping units based on PLC;

Automation is the highest stage of production mechanization and is used in the complex of technological production processes... It opens up tremendous opportunities for increasing labor productivity, rapid growth in the rate of development of production, as well as the safety of production processes.

1 Linear production dispatching station "Cherkasy"

1.1 Brief description of the linear production dispatching station "Cherkassy"

LPDS "Cherkassy" of the Ufa production department of OJSC "Uraltransnefteprodukt" was founded in 1957 with the commissioning of the MNPP Ufa - Petropavlovsk, pumping station No. 1 and tank farm RVS-5000 in the amount of 20 pieces total capacity about 57.0 thousand tons. The station was formed as the second site of the OPS "Cherkassy" of the Ufa regional oil pipeline department, which is part of the Department of the Ural-Siberian main oil pipelines.

1.2 Characteristics of technological equipment

The technological equipment of LPDS "Cherkassy" includes:

Three mainline pumps НМ 1250-260 for a nominal flow rate of 1250 m / h with a head of 260 m, with STD 1250/2 electric motors with a power of N = 1250 kW, n = 3000 rpm and one main line pump НМ 1250-400 for a nominal flow rate of 1250 m / h with a head of 400 m, with an AZMP-1600 electric motor with a power of N = 2000 kW, n = 3000 rpm, located in a common shelter and separated by a firewall;

Pressure regulation system consisting of three pressure regulators;

Oil system for forced lubrication of bearings of pumping units, consisting of two oil pumps, two oil tanks, an accumulation tank, two oil filters, two oil coolers;

Water recycling system, consisting of two water pumps;

A system for collecting and pumping leaks, consisting of four tanks and two pumps for pumping leaks;

The ventilation system, consisting of a supply and exhaust ventilation pump compartments (two supply and two exhaust fans); support ventilation of the electric motor compartment (one existing fan, the installation of the second is foreseen for the future to perform an emergency switching on of the reserve (ATS)); support ventilation of non-rimless chambers (two fans); exhaust ventilation of the chamber of pressure regulators (one fan is existing, the installation of the second one is foreseen for the future for performing ATS); exhaust ventilation of the chamber for pumping out leaks (one fan is existing, the installation of the second is considered for the future for performing automatic transfer control);

Electrically operated gate valves on technological pipelines;

Filter system, consisting of a dirt trap filter and two fine filters;

Power supply system;

Automatic fire extinguishing system.

Pressure regulator chamber - protected area: brick walls. There are 3 pressure regulators in this room.

Leakage chamber - protected area: brick walls. In this room there are 2 pumps for pumping out leaks.

All actuators ensuring the automatic operation of the substation must be equipped with electric drives. Shut-off valves of pipelines must be equipped with sensors for signaling extreme positions (open, closed). The automated equipment is equipped with

devices for installing control sensors and actuators.

The technological scheme of the main pumping station of the MNPP "Ufa-Western Direction" No. 2 of the LPDS "Cherkassy" is shown in Figure 1.1.

1.3 Characteristics of technological rooms

The general pumping room shelter consists of a pump compartment and an electric motor compartment, separated by a firewall. The pump room belongs to the explosive zone B-1a in accordance with the Electrical Installation Rules PUE, (zone of class 1 in accordance with GOST R 51330.3-99), in terms of fire hazard - to category A in accordance with the Fire Safety Standards NPB 105-95, in terms of functional hazard - to category F5.1 in accordance with Building Norms and Rules SNiP 21-01-97. The room is subject to automatic fire extinguishing.

The space of the room of the electric motor compartment does not belong to the explosive zone. In terms of fire hazard, the room of the electric motors department belongs to category D. In the department of electric motors there is an oil receiver, which is classified as fire hazard to category B according to NPB 105-95. The oil receiver is subject to automatic fire extinguishing. In terms of functional hazard, the electric motor compartment belongs to the F5.1 category according to SNiP 21-01-97.

Pressure regulator chamber - protected area: brick walls. There are 3 pressure regulators in this room. The space inside the premises belongs to the explosive zone V-1a according to the PUE (zone of class 1 according to GOST R 51330.3-99). For functional hazard - to category F 5.1 according to SNiP 21-01-97). For fire hazard - to category A according to NPB 105-95. The pressure regulator chamber is subject to automatic fire extinguishing. Supply pipeline extinguishing agent not provided. The automation system provides for the implementation of automatic fire extinguishing of the chamber of pressure regulators.

Leakage chamber - protected area: brick walls. In this room there are 2 pumps for pumping out leaks. The space inside the premises belongs to the explosive zone V-1a according to the PUE (zone of class 1 according to GOST R 51330.3-99), according to functional hazard - to category F5.1 according to SNiP 21-01-97, according to fire hazard - to category A according to NPB 105-95. The fire extinguishing agent supply pipeline is not provided. The automation system provides for the implementation of automatic fire extinguishing of the leak pumping chamber.

1.4 Operating modes of LPDS "Cherkasy"

The automation system should provide the following pumping station control modes:

- "telemechanical";

- "not telemechanical".

The choice of the mode is carried out from the automated workstation (AWP) of the operator-technologist of the pumping station of the LPDS "Cherkassy".

Each selected mode must exclude the other.

Switching from mode to mode should be carried out without stopping the operating units and the station as a whole.

In the "telemechanical" mode, the following types of telecontrol (TU) are provided from the RPA of the oil product pipeline through the telemechanics system:

Start-up and shutdown of auxiliary systems of the pumping station;

Opening and closing valves at the station entrance and exit;

Start and stop of the main pumping units according to the programs for starting and stopping the main unit.

The control of units and systems, including auxiliary systems and valves at the station entrance and exit, according to the telemechanics system, should be accompanied, in addition to the message about the state (position) of the unit, with the message "Enabled - disabled by the pipeline manager" on the operator's workstation screen and recorded in the event log.

In the “non-telemechanical” mode, control of technological valves, booster and main pumping units, units of auxiliary systems of the pumping station is provided by general commands “programmed start”, “programmed stop” of mainline pumping units and auxiliary equipment.

Table 1.1 shows the technological parameters of the station. Table 1.1 - Technological parameters of operation of LPDS "Cherkassy"

Parameter	Meaning
Location of the station along the MNPP highway, km
Height mark, m
Maximum allowable operating pressure at the discharge of pumps (on the collector, before the control devices), MPa
Maximum permissible operating pressure at the station discharge (after the regulating devices), MPa
Minimum and maximum permissible operating pressure at the pump intake, MPa
The smallest and largest viscosity of the oil product pumped into the pipeline, mm / s
Limit of change in temperature of the injected oil product from the reservoirs in the oil refinery, С
Pump type and purpose	НМ1250-260 No. 1 main НМ1250-260 No. 2 main НМ1250-400 No. 3 main НМ1250-400 No. 4 main
Impeller diameter, mm
Electric motor type	STD-1250/2 No. 1 STD-1250/2 No. 2 STD-1250/2 No. 3 4АЗМП-1600/6000 No. 4
Minimum pressure at the station intake, MPa
Maximum pressure in the MNPP at the station outlet, MPa

1.5 Main pump unit

Each MNA contains the following objects: pump, electric motor.

The MNA equipment is a pump of the НМ 1250-260 type and an electric motor of the STD-1250/2 type, and one pump of the НМ 1250-400 brand with an АЗМП-1600 electric motor.

Centrifugal pumps- the main type of injection equipment for pumping oil through main oil product pipelines. They meet the requirements for an MNA for pumping significant volumes of oil over long distances. Mainline pumps need to have excess inlet pressure. This pressure should prevent a dangerous phenomenon - cavitation, which can occur inside the pump as a result of pressure reduction in a fast moving fluid.

Cavitation consists in the formation of bubbles filled with vapors of the pumped liquid. When these bubbles hit the area high pressure, they collapse, developing enormous pressure points. Cavitation leads to rapid wear of parts of the blower and reduces the efficiency of its operation. The used pump НМ is designed for transportation of oil and oil products through main pipelines with temperatures ranging from minus 5 to + 80С, with a content of mechanical impurities by volume of no more than 0.05% and a size of no more than 0.02 mm. The pump is horizontal, sectional, multistage, single-casing or double-casing НМ, with unilateral inlet impellers, with sleeve bearings (with forced lubrication), with mechanical end seals, driven by an electric motor.

An electric motor of the STD type with a power of 1250 kW in an explosion-proof design is used as a drive for the pump unit. It is installed in a common room with the blower. Explosion-proof design of the electric motor is achieved by forced air injection by a ventilation system under the protective casing of the drive to maintain excess pressure (excluding the penetration of oil vapors into the engine), as well as by using an explosion-proof enclosure.

Asynchronous electric motors are also used as a drive to the pumps. high voltage... However, when using asynchronous motors with a power of 2.5 to 8.0 MW, it is required to install expensive static capacitors in the pumping room (which, when the station load and temperature the environment often fail), as well as a complex of high-voltage equipment, which complicates the power supply scheme.

Synchronous electric motors have better stability indicators compared to asynchronous motors, which is especially important when there are voltage drops in the network.

In terms of cost, synchronous electric motors, as a rule, are more expensive than similar asynchronous ones, but they have better energy characteristics, which makes their use efficient. It is considered that the efficiency of a synchronous motor changes insignificantly at loads close to the rated power of the motor. At loads ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 of the rated power, the efficiency of synchronous electric motors is significantly reduced. The practice of operating oil pipelines has shown that in conditions of a constantly changing level of loading of pipeline systems, it is advisable to use variable drives of pumping units. By adjusting the speed of the supercharger impeller, it is possible to smoothly change its hydraulic and energy characteristics, adjusting the pump operation to changing loads. DC motors allow the speed control by simply changing the resistance (for example, by introducing a rheostat into the motor rotor circuit), but such motors have a relatively narrow control range. AC motors allow speed control by changing the frequency of the supply current (from an industrial frequency of 50 Hz to a higher or lower value, depending on whether it is required to increase the number of revolutions of the rotor shaft or decrease, respectively).

1.6 Connection of pumps LPDS "Cherkasy"

The piping of the pumps can be carried out in series, in parallel and in a combined way (Figures 1.2 - 1.4).

Figure 1.2 - Serial piping of pumps

Figure 1.3 - Parallel piping of pumps

Figure 1.4 - Combined piping of pumps

The series connection of the pumps is used to increase the pressure, and the parallel connection is used to increase the flow of the pumping station of the LPDS "Cherkassy" includes four main pumping units with electric motors located in the common shelter of the oil pumping station. To increase the pressure at the outlet of the station, the pumps are connected in series (Figure 1.6), so that, with the same supply, the pressures created by the pumps are summed up. The piping of the pumps ensures the operation of the LPDS when any of the station's units goes into reserve. A gate valve is installed on the suction and discharge of each pump, and a check valve is installed parallel to the pump.

Figure 1.5 - Piping of pumps at substations

The check valve separating the suction and discharge lines of each pump allows fluid to flow in only one direction. When the pump is running, the pressure acting on the left flap (discharge pressure) is greater than the pressure acting on this flap on the right (suction pressure), so that the flap is closed and oil flows through the pump. When the pump is inoperative, the pressure to the right of the valve flap is greater than the pressure to the left of it, as a result of which the flap is open, and the oil product flows through KO-1 to the next pump, bypassing the inoperative one.

1.7 Analysis of the existing automation scheme for LPDS "Cherkassy"

The automated equipment is equipped with devices for installing control sensors and actuators.

All actuators are equipped with actuators with electrical control signals. The shut-off valves of the pipelines of the external and internal piping of the LPDS are equipped with sensors for signaling extreme positions (open, closed).

When implementing an automation system, the following tasks are performed:

Analysis of the modes of technological equipment;

Control of technological parameters;

Gate valve management and control;

Monitoring the readiness to start the main and booster pumping units;

Processing of limit values ​​of parameters for the main pumping unit;

Management and control of main and booster pumping units;

Control and monitoring of the intake valve of the main pumping unit;

Adjustment of the regulation setpoint at the start of the main unit;

Setting regulation setpoints;

Pressure regulation;

Management and control of oil pumps;

Control and monitoring of the supply fan of the pump room;

Management and control exhaust fan pump room;

Leakage pump control and monitoring;

Processing of measured parameters;

Receiving and transmitting signals to telemechanics systems.

The state and operating parameters of the LPDS equipment are displayed on the screen of the automated workstation of the LPDS operator in the form of the following video frames:

General scheme pumping station;

Diagram of individual trunk units and auxiliary systems;

Energy scheme;

Scheme of the adjacent sections of the route.

The manual control unit (BRU) of the LPDS installed in the control room (SHSU) provides:

Light signaling from:

1) emergency pressure sensors at the inlet, in the manifold and at the outlet of the LPDS;

Fire alarm system channels;

2) channels of means of gas contamination;

3) overflow sensor of the collection tank;

4) pumping station flooding sensor;

5) switchgear alarm relay;

Control command buttons:

Emergency shutdown of LPDS;

Shutdown of main and pumping units;

Inclusion of mainline and pumping units;

Opening and closing the station connection valves.

Currently, with a constant decrease in oil production, the volume of pumped oil is decreasing. In this regard, use the system automatic regulation pumping mode. The system is designed to control and regulate the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the transfer pumping stations of main oil pipelines. The system uses electrically driven control valves to regulate the inlet and outlet pressure of oil pipelines by throttling the outlet flow.

2 Patent study

2.1 Selection and justification of the subject of the search

The diploma project examines the project of modernization of the APCS of the line-production dispatching station of LPDS "Cherkassy" OJSC "Uraltransnefteprodukt".

Vibration is one of the measured parameters of the pumping unit of the line-production control station. At LPDS for these purposes I propose to use the "Cascade" vibration measurement system, therefore, when conducting a patent search, attention was paid to the search and analysis of piezoelectric sensors for measuring vibration in technological objects of the oil and gas industry.

2.2 Patent Search Regulation

The patent search was carried out using the USPTU collection based on the sources of patent documentation of the Russian Federation.

Search depth - five years (2007-2011). The search was carried out using the index of the International Patent Classification (IPC) G01P15 / 09 - “Measurement of acceleration and deceleration; measurement of acceleration impulses using a piezoelectric sensor ”.

In this case, the following sources of patent information were used:

Documents of the reference and retrieval apparatus;

Full descriptions to Russian patents;

Official Bulletin of the Russian Agency for Patents and Trademarks.

2.3 Patent search results

The results of viewing the sources of patent information are shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 - Results of patent search

2.4 Analysis of patent search results

The piezoelectric accelerometer according to patent No. 2301424 contains a multilayer package of piezoceramic plates, consisting of three sections. The sections include groups of three plates. The outermost plates in the group are equipped with diametrical grooves filled with commutation buses. One of the middle plates is polarized entirely in thickness, the other two middle plates contain segments polarized in thickness in opposite directions. Sections with segmented plates are rotated relative to each other by 90 ° around the longitudinal axis of the package. EFFECT: expanded functionality by measuring vibration acceleration in three mutually perpendicular directions.

The vibration sensor according to patent No. 2331076 contains a piezoceramic tubular rod with electrodes, fixed in the body at one end on the base with electrical contacts perpendicular to its surface, and at the other end of the rod, an inertial element is fixed, made in the form of a mass-structure, which consists of a thin-walled cylinder, the cavity of which filled with a fluid damping medium (for example, low viscosity oil) and single spherical weights, with the possibility of their free movement, while the spherical weights have different masses. A damping element is placed inside the housing, which is also used as a fluid damping medium. The technical result is to expand the measurement range while increasing the sensitivity of the sensor.

The vibration transducer according to patent No. 2347228 contains a housing with a piezoelectric element fixed in it, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base and with charge removal elements in the form of electrically conductive surfaces fixed on its edges and electrically isolated from each other, conductors for removing charges and a dielectric substrate, on which a square base of the piezoelectric element is installed, the polar axis of which is perpendicular to the plane of its attachment to the substrate. Each electrically conductive surface is made in the form of a plate with a petal protruding on one of its sides beyond the corresponding face of the parallelepiped, made of isotropic copper foil and fixed on the face of the parallelepiped by means of a polymerizable thermosetting conductive material, in this case, on each pair of adjacent plates, the petals are oriented to different edges of the parallelepiped, a notch is made in each petal for attaching a conductor to remove charges, and the axis of each petal coincides with one of the symmetry planes of the corresponding plate. This design of the transducer allows the points of attachment of the conductors to the charge pickup elements, as the most pronounced voltage concentrators, outside the surfaces of the charge pickup of the sensitive element and makes it possible to implement technologies for the manufacture of parts and assembly of the piezoelectric packet in an industrial way, which minimizes the inhomogeneity and mechanical stresses on the edges of the piezoelectric element.

The three-component vibrational acceleration sensor according to patent No. 2383025 contains a housing that is rigidly fixed to the base base and closed with a cap. The body is made of metal in the form of a trihedral pyramid with three orthogonal planes, on each of which one sensitive element is fixed in a cantilever way. Sensing elements are made in the form of piezoelectric or bimorph plates.

The device for measuring vibration according to patent No. 2382368 contains a piezoelectric transducer, an instrumental amplifier and an operational amplifier, the output of which is the output of the device. The outputs of the piezoelectric transducer are connected to the direct and inverse inputs of the instrumentation amplifier, the first input of the gain setting is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor. The output of the operational amplifier is connected to its inverse input through a capacitor. The inverse input of the operational amplifier is connected through a second resistor to the output of the instrumentation amplifier. The direct input of the operational amplifier is connected to the common bus. An inductance is introduced into the device, which is connected between the second terminal of the first resistor and the second input for setting the amplification of the instrumentation amplifier, and the third resistor is connected in parallel with the capacitor. The direct and inverse inputs of the instrumentation amplifier can be connected to the common bus through the first and second auxiliary resistors.

The essence of the piezoelectric measuring transducer according to patent No. 2400867 is that it contains a piezoelectric transducer and a preamplifier. The first part of the preamplifier is located in the converter housing and includes a field-effect transistor amplification stage and three resistors. The second part of the preamplifier is located outside the housing and includes a blocking capacitor and a current-stabilizing diode, the cathode of which and the first terminal of the blocking capacitor are connected to the source of the field-effect transistor. The second terminal of the blocking capacitor and the anode of the current-stabilizing diode are connected, respectively, to the recorder and the power source, the common point of which is connected to the drain of the field-effect transistor. The converter also contains the first and second diodes connected in series. The cathode of the first and the anode of the second diodes are connected to the source and drain of the field-effect transistor, respectively. Their midpoint is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor, with the first electrode of the piezoelectric transducer by the first terminal of the first resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the first terminals of the second and third resistors. The second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the source of the field-effect transistor. The second terminal of the third resistor is connected to the second electrode of the piezoelectric transducer and to the drain of the field-effect transistor. Technical result: simplification electrical circuit, reduction of the level of self-noise and protection against breakdown of the field-effect transistor.

Patent research has shown that today there is a fairly large number of piezoelectric vibration measuring instruments, various in their design and having both advantages and disadvantages.

Thus, the use of sensors that can determine vibration based on the use of the properties of piezoelectric crystals is quite relevant.

3 Automation of LPDS "Cherkasy"

3.1 Automation of the main pumping unit

Automation of a pumping station includes control of main pumping units in start-stop modes, automatic control, protection and signaling of pumping units and the station as a whole by controlled parameters, automatic start-stop, control, protection and signaling for auxiliary installations of pumping stations.

The pumping unit control system operates in the modes of remote step-by-step control, programmed start of pumps, programmed stop of pumps and emergency stop.

In the remote control modes from the control room, the oil pump is started, the ventilation of the pumping room is controlled, and the gate valves on the suction and discharge lines of the main pumping units are controlled.

In the mode of programmed start and stop of the MPA, all start operations are performed automatically. The starting mode of the electric motor depends on its type (synchronous or asynchronous) and is carried out by starting stations.

In general, the start-up of the main pumping unit is quite simple. When the electric motor sets the rated speed, the suction and discharge valves open, and the unit starts to work. The oil supply system at a modern pumping station is centralized, common for all units, which excludes the control of the oil system pumps and seals when the unit starts and stops.

For the LPDS pumping station, the program launch of the MNA is of great importance. There are various schemes starting pumps depending on the characteristics of the pumps, power supply schemes and other factors. There are different programs for sequential opening of the valves and starting the main electric motor of the unit.

Units transferred to the standby position for the ATS system can also be switched on according to a program in which both valves open in advance when the unit is switched to standby, and the main electric motor starts when the operating unit is turned off and the ATS system is triggered. This program of switching on the unit is the best from the point of view of the hydraulic operating conditions of the main pipeline, since with such a changeover of the units, the pressure at the suction and discharge of the station changes very slightly and linear part the main pipeline practically does not experience any stress due to pressure waves.

The unit shutdown program, as a rule, provides for the simultaneous shutdown of the main electric motor and the activation of both shutters for closing. In this case, the command to close the valves is usually given by a short impulse (Figure 3.1).

Protection of the pumping unit according to the parameters of the pumped liquid is provided by pressure sensors 1-1, 1-2, 7-1, 7-2 (Sapphire-22MT), which control the pressure in the suction and discharge pipelines. Sensors 1-1, 1-2 installed on the suction pipeline at the inlet valve are adjusted to the pressure characterizing the pump cavitation mode. Protection for the minimum suction pressure is carried out with a time delay, which eliminates the reaction to short-term pressure drops when the pumps are turned on and small air congestion... Sensors 7-1, 7-2, installed on the discharge pipeline at the outlet valves, provide protection for the maximum discharge pressure. The maximum contact of sensor 7-1 gives a signal to the control circuit of the unit, interrupting the start-up process in case of exceeding the allowable pressure after opening the valve. The maximum contact of the 7-1 sensor provides an automatic stop of the unit if a signal is sent to the unit control circuit, interrupting the start-up process in case of exceeding the permissible pressure after opening

starting process in case of exceeding the permissible pressure after opening the valve.

The maximum contact of the 7-1 sensor provides automatic shutdown of the unit if the pressure in the discharge pipeline exceeds the allowable one according to the conditions of the mechanical strength of the equipment, fittings and pipeline.

In operation, it is possible that the pump operates with a very low flow, which is accompanied by a rapid increase in the temperature of the liquid in the pump housing, which is unacceptable.

Protection against an increase in the oil temperature in the pump casing is provided by a resistance thermocouple 9 mounted on the pump casing. A leak in the pump shaft seal devices requires an immediate shutdown of the unit. Leakage control is reduced to level control in the chamber through which the leaks are drained. Exceeding the permissible level is detected by the 3-1 level gauge.

Overtemperature protection of bearings 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4 is carried out by a resistance thermocouple of the TCMT type. An alarm is triggered in the control room, and the unit is shut down by protection by means of a control signal from the controller.

Protection against temperature rise of the stator core windings is carried out by a resistance thermometer 10 TES-P.-1. Air temperature control in the motor housing is carried out and signaled by means of a control signal from the controller.

The pressure in the systems of the sealing liquid and circulating lubrication of the pump and motor bearings is controlled by the Sapfir-22MT pressure sensor and the controller.

Vibration alarm equipment 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4 controls the vibration of the pump and motor bearings, and when it increases to unacceptable values, it turns off the unit.

Table 3.1 - List of selected MNA equipment

Positional designation	Name		Note
	Pressure sensor type Sapphire-22MT
	Manometer showing type EKM
	Resistance thermocouple platinum type TSP100
	Level switch, type ОМЮВ 05-1
	Vibration control equipment "Cascade"

An emergency stop of the unit occurs when the devices and protection devices are triggered. A distinction is made between emergency stops that allow restarting the unit and prevent it. In the latter case, the reason that caused the shutdown is established and eliminated, and only after that it becomes possible to restart the unit. A stop with restart permission occurs if the start has failed, that is, if the stop has occurred due to the temperature of the product in the pump housing. An emergency stop with the prohibition of restarting the unit occurs under the following parameters: an increase in the temperature of the bearings of the electric motor, pump and intermediate shaft; increased vibration unit; increased leaks from the pump shaft seals; an increase in the temperature of the cooling air at the inlet to the electric motor; an increase in the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet air cooling the electric motor; actuation of electric motor protection devices.

The sequence of operations when stopping the units according to the signals of the protective automatics does not differ from the sequence during a normal programmed stop.

In general, the pumping station also has a warning and emergency protection system for the following parameters: fire outbreak, flooding of the pumping station, inadmissible pressures on the suction and discharge lines, etc.

Automatic shutdown of the station units occurs sequentially according to the program, with the exception of the case of activation of the gas contamination protection. With an increased concentration of oil vapors in the pump room, all electricity consumers are disconnected simultaneously, except for fans and control devices. The automation scheme of the pumping station provides for fire hazard protection (sensors are installed that respond to the appearance of smoke, flame or increased room temperature), when they are triggered, all electricity consumers are turned off without exception.

The list of instruments used to automate the main pumping unit is shown in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 - Instruments used to automate the MNA

script	Positional designation	Trigger condition	Action
		Excessive temperature of the front pump bearings	Decrease in ED revolutions
		Excessive temperature of the rear bearings of the pump	Decrease in ED revolutions
		Exceeding the temperature of the oil product in the pump housing	Decrease in ED revolutions
		Excessive temperature of the front ED bearings	Decrease in ED revolutions
		Excessive temperature of the stator core windings	Decrease in ED revolutions
		Excessive temperature of the rear ED bearings	Decrease in ED revolutions
		Excessive vibration of the front ED bearings	Decrease in ED revolutions
		excess vibration of the rear ED bearings	Decrease in ED revolutions
		excessive vibration of the rear pump bearings	Decrease in ED revolutions
		excessive vibration of the front pump bearings	Decrease in ED revolutions

3.2 Emergency protection system

The reliability of the operation of safety systems for hazardous industrial facilities depends entirely on the state of electronic and programmable electronic systems related to safety. These systems are called emergency protection systems (ESDs). Such systems should be able to maintain their operability even in the event of failure of other functions of the automated process control system of the oil pumping station.

Consider the main tasks assigned to such systems:

Prevention of accidents and minimization of the consequences of accidents;

Blocking (preventing) intentional or unintentional interference with the technology of the object, which could lead to the development of a dangerous situation and initiate the ESD operation.

For some protections, a delay is provided between the detection of an alarm and the safety shutdown. Disconnection of the main auxiliary systems, closing the valves for connecting the pump station to the main pump.

A number of technological parameters are continuously monitored at the pumping unit, the alarm values ​​of which require shutdown and blocking of the unit operation. Depending on the parameter or condition by which the protection was triggered, the following can be performed:

Shutdown of the electric motor;

Closing the modular valves;

Start-up of the standby unit.

A test mode is provided for all protection parameters. In the test mode, the protection flag is set, an entry in the protection array is set and a message is transmitted to the operator, but the control actions on technological equipment are not formed.

Depending on which monitored parameter triggers the general plant protection associated with the shutdown of pumping units, the system must carry out:

Shutdown of one of the operating MPA, the first in the course of oil;

Simultaneous or sequential shutdown of all operating MPA;

Simultaneous shutdown of all operating PNA;

Closing the oil pumping station connection valves;

Closing the gate valves of FGU;

Disabling certain auxiliary systems;

Turning on of light and sound alarm devices.

The aggregate protection MNA and PNA must ensure its trouble-free operation and shutdown when the controlled parameters go beyond the established limits.

The algorithmic content of the ESD functions consists in the implementation of the following condition: when the values ​​of certain technological parameters characterizing the state of the process or equipment go beyond the established (permissible) limits, the corresponding unit or the entire plant must be turned off (stopped).

Input information for a group of emergency protection functions, they contain signals about the current values ​​of monitored technological parameters, which are sent to logical blocks (programmable controllers) from the corresponding primary measuring transducers, and digital data on the permissible limit values ​​of these parameters, which are sent to the controllers from the console of the operator's workstation of the pump station. The output information of the emergency protection functions is represented by a set of control signals sent by the controllers to the executive bodies of the protection systems.

This feedback greatly simplifies the process of targeting the processor and user applications. On the other hand, this increases the invariance of the reaction of logical and computational algorithms to the test action carried out when checking emergency protection.

Such a check cannot guarantee repeatability of the test results, since the state of the processor's memory under feedback control under all the same test conditions will not be the same at different points in time.

3.3 APCS based on Modicon TSX Quantum controllers

Automated control system technological processes(APCS) of oil pumping stations is based on the Modicon TSX Quantum series of programmable controllers, which is good decision for control tasks based on high-performance programmable controllers. The Quantum-based system combines compactness to provide cost-effective and reliable installations even in the most demanding industrial environments. At the same time, Quantum systems are easy to install and configure, have a wide range of applications, which provides a lower cost compared to other solutions. It also provides support for installed products by sharing legacy technology with this latest management platform. Modicon TSX Quantum programmable controllers are designed to save panel space. At just 4 inches deep (including screen), these controllers don't require large shields; they are housed in a standard 6-inch electrical cabinet, which allows you to save up to 50% of the cost of conventional control panels. Despite their small size, Quantum controllers support high level performance and reliability. Control systems using Modicon TSX Quantum series programmable controllers support different options solutions ranging from a single I / O panel (up to 448 I / O) to redundant processors with a fan-out I / O system with up to 64,000 I / O lines that can be tailored to your needs. In addition, the memory capacity from 256KB to 2MB is sufficient for the most complex control schemes. With the use of advanced Intel chip-based processors, the Quantum series controllers are fast and I / O bandwidth sufficient to meet stringent speed requirements. These controllers also use high performance math coprocessors to provide best speed performing algorithms and mathematical calculations necessary to ensure the continuity and quality of the controlled process.

The combination of performance, flexibility and scalability makes the Quantum series the best solution for the most complex applications and at the same time economical enough for simpler automation tasks. The connectivity to enterprise networks and fieldbuses is available for eight types of networks from Ethernet to INTERBUS-S.

Quantum supports five programming languages ​​conforming to the IEC 1131-3 standard. In addition to these languages, Quantum controllers can execute programs written in Modicon 984 Ladder Language, Modicon State Language, and application-specific languages ​​developed by others.

In addition to the IEC languages, Quantum takes advantage of the improved 984 instruction set to run applications written in Modsoft or translated from SY / Mate on the Quantum controller. It is possible to connect Ethernet, Modbus and Modbus Plus backbone communication networks to the Quantum controller.

No system architecture meets the needs of today's control system market like the Modicon TSX Quantum series of programmable controllers. She represents alternative system, in which the I / O nodes are divided by size, spatially distributed and configured to reduce the cost of cables connecting I / O nodes with sensors and actuators. The Quantum controller has the flexibility to combine local, remote, distributed I / O, peer-to-peer, and fieldbus I / O configurations in configurations. This flexibility makes Quantum unique solution able to meet all your automation needs. With just one series of I / O modules, the Quantum system can be configured for all architectures and is thus suitable for process control, equipment control or distributed control.

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OPEN JOINT STOCK COMPANY

JOINT-STOCK COMPANY
ON TRANSPORTATION OF OIL "TRANSNEFT"

OJSC"AK" TRANSNEFT "

TECHNOLOGICAL
REGULATIONS

(enterprise standards)
joint stock company
for oil transportation "Transneft"

VolumeI

Moscow 2003

REGULATIONS
ORGANIZATIONS FOR CONTROL OF REGULATORY PARAMETERS OF MN AND OPS IN OPERATOR OPS, DISPATCHING POINTS OF RNU (UMN) AND OJSC MN

1. GENERAL PART

1.1. The regulation determines the procedure for control by operators of oil pumping stations, dispatching services of the RNU (UMN), OJSC MN, the actual parameters of main oil pipelines, oil pumping stations and NB for compliance with regulatory and technological parameters.

The actual parameter is the real value of the controlled quantity fixed by the devices.

Normative and technological parameters - parameters established by PTE MN, RD, Regulations, GOST, Projects, Technological maps, Operating instructions, State verification certificates, and other regulatory documents defining the control system for the technological process of oil pumping.

Deviation -exit of the actual parameter beyond the established limits in table. "Normative and technological parameters of the operation of main oil pipelines and oil pumping stations displayed on the screen of the AWP of the operator of the oil pumping station, the dispatcher of the oil pumping station (UMN) and OJSC MN" when the controlled parameter decreases beyond the established minimum allowable value, as well as when the controlled parameter increases beyond the established maximum allowable value ...

1.2. The regulation is intended for employees of maintenance services, information technology, APCS, OGM , OGE, technological modes services, dispatching services, RNU (UMN), OJSC MN, operators of PS, LPDS, NB (hereinafter referred to as PS).

2. ORGANIZATION OF DISPATCHING CONTROL OF NORMATIVE PARAMETERS OF MN AND NPS

2.1. Control for compliance with the actual parameters of the oil pump andNP With the normative and technological parameters, it is carried out by the operators of the PS by the dispatch services of the RNU and OJSC MN on monitors personal computers installed in control and dispatching points in accordance with table. ...

2.2. Compliance with the actual parameters of the equipment PS, tanks x parks and the linear part of the main oil pipelines to the normative parameters are controlled at the level of the pump station by the automation and telemechanics system by the operators of the pump station, at the level of the RNU (UMN) and OJSC MN by the telemechanics system by dispatching services. The deviation of the monitored parameters from the standard values ​​should be displayed on personal computer monitors and alarm panels and accompanied by sound signals.

Accompanying the deviations of the actual parameters from the normative ones with a light and sound signal, the mode of viewing the actual parameters by control levels are given in Table. ...

In viewing mode, information is displayed on monitors, is not accompanied by light and sound alarms, and if there are deviations, information is presented in a daily summary:

- at the NPS - to the head of the NPS;

- at the RNU - the chief engineer of the RNU;

- in JSC - the chief engineer of JSC.

2.3. To control the operation of the equipment of main oil pipelines and oil pumping stations, standard values ​​and indicators are introduced into the SDKU RNU (UMN) program, OJSC MN, according to table. "Normative and technological parameters of the operation of main oil pipelines and oil pumping stations displayed on the screen of the AWP of the oil pumping station operator, the dispatcher of the oil pumping station (UMN) and OJSC MN", then table. ...

2.4. The table is revised and approved by the chief engineer of OJSC MN at least once a quarter until the 25th day of the month preceding the beginning of the quarter.

2.5. The table is drawn up by the operation department of OJSC MN with a breakdown by RNU, indicating the name of those responsible for providing and changing the data.

2.6. The procedure for collecting data, registration and approval of table. :

2.6.1. Until March 15, before July 15, before September 15, until December 15, RNU specialists in the field of activity fill in the parameters of the Table with the signature of the person responsible for each parameter. The head of the operation department submits the draft table for the signature of the chief engineer of the RNU and, after signing, within 24 hours sends it to the OJSC MN with a cover letter. Responsibility for the timely formation and transfer of the Tables to OJSC MN is borne by Chief Engineer RNU.

2.6.2. OE JSC until March 20, July 20, September 20, December 20 on the basis of the draft tables submitted from the RNU forms a pivot table and submits for approval in the direction of activity to the chief mechanic, chief power engineer, chief metrologist, head of the ACS T departmentNS , the head of the commodity and transport department, the head of the dispatch service.

The table agreed by the departments of OJSC MN is transferred to the OE for approval to the chief engineer of OJSC MN, who approves it by the 25th day and returns it to the OE for sending to the departments of OJSC MN in the areas of activity and to the RNU, within 24 hours from the moment of approval niya.

2.6.3. Within 24 hours after receiving the approved table from OJSC MN, the operation department of the RNU transmits an approved table with a cover letter according to service boundaries on NP S, LPDS.

2.7. Entering the standard values ​​indicated in the table,approved by the chief engineer of OJSC MN, is carried out by the responsible person with the entry of the surname of the performer in the operational log, within 24 hours after approval:

- at the oil pumping station as the head of the ACS section. The head of the NPS is responsible for the compliance of the entered data. The table of normative and technological parameters is entered into the AWS of the OPS automation system (according to paragraphs 1-14 tab. ) in the control room of the NPS, there is also a work log with records of the adjustments made;

- in the SDKU of the RNU level by an employee of the IT department or the APCS of the RNU by an appointed order. The table of normative and technological parameters is entered into the SDKU RNU (UMN) from the workstation of the administrator of the SDKU RNU (according to clauses 15-27 tab. ), a work log with records of corrections made is kept in the control room of the RNU. Responsibility for the compliance of the entered normative values ​​is borne by the head of the IT department (ACS TP) of the RNU;

- the head of the IT department (ACS TP) of OJSC MN is responsible for the compliance of the entered normative values ​​at all levels.

2.8. The basis for making changes to the normative values ​​and indicators in the SDKU system is the cancellation of existing and introduction of new documents, changing the name of those responsible for providing and changing data, changes in technological maps, operating modes of oil pipelines, tanks, PS equipment, in the PTE MN, Regulations, RD and etc.

Changes are made by the OE on the basis of the service notes of the relevant departments and services in the areas of activity addressed to the chief engineer of the JSC. During the day, the OE draws up in accordance with clause. of this regulation, an addition to the table.. After approval, the additions are brought to the OE to all interested departments, services and structural units in accordance with paragraph.NS ... and these regulations.

2.9. Operators at least once a shiftNP The dispatching services of the RNU check the compliance of the actual parameters of the equipment operation with the standard values ​​of the table displayed on the AWS screen.

2.10. When a light and sound signal is received about the inconsistency of the actual operating parameters of the oil pumping station, the pump station with the normative ones, the information is automatically entered into the archive of emergency messagesSCH eny "Normative and technological parameters of the operation of the oil pumping station and oil pumping station".

An electronic archive must meet the following requirements:

- storage period for SD dataTO Y for RNU - 3 months, for JSC - 1 month;

- to prevent unauthorized access of unauthorized persons to the archive of emergency messages, differentiation of rights and control of access to the archive of emergency messages by means of SDKU shall be implemented;

- the archive of alarm messages should be able to select messages by type, time of occurrence, content;

- by means of SDKU to ensure the output of archive messages for printing.

Special requirements - the electronic archive must contain service information about the state of the software and hardware, identified by the results of self-diagnostics of the system.

2.11. Actions of the duty operational personnel of the PS, RNU (UMN ), JSC upon receipt of a light or sound signal about deviations of the actual parameters of the equipment from the standard.

2 .11.1. When a light or sound signal is received about deviations of the actual parameters of the equipment operation from the normative ones, the operator of the pump station must:

- take measures to ensure the normal operation of the PS;

- report the incident to the main specialists of the oil pumping station (services of the chief mechanic - according to points 1-3, 6 -11, services of the chief power engineer - according to p.NS. 4, 5, 12 -14, 17, 19, L ES - 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, section of the automated control system - according to pp. 20, 21, 22-27, the security service - according to pp. 15, 6, 19-21), the head of the pump station and the dispatcher of the RNU (UMN) - for all items in the table;

- make a record about what happened in the work log and the log "Event control and measures taken ..." (form - Table);

- report to the RNU dispatcher on the reasons for the deviation and the measures taken based on the message of the main specialists of the PS.

2. 11.2. Upon receipt of a message from the operator of the pump station about the deviation of the actual parameters of the equipment from the normative, light or sound signal to the workstation of the SDKU, the dispatcher of the RNU is obliged to:

- report to the main specialists of the RNU to find out the reasons (OGM - according to paragraphs 1-3, 6 -11, OGE - according to pp. 4, 5, 12 -1 4, 17, 19, OE - 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, OASU - according to pp. 20, 21, Metrology - according to p. 22, TTO - according to pp. 15, 24-27, the security service - according to pp. 15, 16, 19-21), the chief engineer of the RNU and the dispatcher of the JSC - for all items in the Table;

- make a record of what happened in the work log, in the daily dispatch list and in the log "Monitoring events and measures taken ..." (form - Table);

- report to the dispatcher of the JSC on the reasons for the deviation and the measures taken based on the message of the main specialists of the RNU.

2. 11.3. Upon receipt of a message from the RNU dispatcher, a light or sound signal to the AWS SDKU about deviations of the actual parameters of the equipment operation from the normative ones, the OJSC dispatcher must:

- take measures to ensure the normal operation of the oil pipeline;

- report to the main specialists of JSC to find out the reasons (OGM - according to paragraphs 1-3, 6 -11, OGE - according to pp. 4, 5, 12-14, 17, 19, OE - 16, 18, 20, 21, OASU - according to pp. 20, 21, Metrology - according to clause 22, TTO - according to clauses 26-27, СТР - according to item 15), to the chief engineer of JSC - according to all items of the table;

- make a record of what happened in the work log, in the daily dispatch list and in the log "Event control and measures taken ..." (form - Table).

2.12. Actions of the main specialists of the PS, RNU (UMN) and OJSC MN when a message is received about the deviation of the actual operating parameters of the equipment, MN from the standard parameters:

- chief specialistsNP C are obliged to take measures to clarify the circumstances that led to the deviation of the parameters from the normative ones, eliminate the reasons for the deviation and report to the head of the PS, the operator;

- the main specialists of the RNU are obliged - to find out the circumstances that led to the deviation of the parameters from the normative ones, to take measures to eliminate the reasons for the deviation and report to the chief engineer of the RNU, the dispatcher of the RNU;

- The main specialists of the JSC are obliged to - find out the circumstances that led to the deviation of the parameters from the normative ones, take measures to eliminate the reasons for the deviation and report to the chief engineer of the JSC, the dispatcher of the JSC.

2 .13. In addition to those indicated in the tab persons e normative and technological parameters, the operator of the oil pumping station, the dispatch service of the oil pumping station, the OJSC MN controls the operation of the equipment of the oil pumping station, NS x parks, oil pipelines and all operating parameters of the oil pumping station and oil pumping station indicated in the technological maps, regulations, tables of settings and instructions.

Accepted abbreviations

AChR - automatic frequency unloading

IL - measuring line

KP-control point

Checkpoint SOD - chamber for receiving the start-up of cleaning and diagnostic tools

Power transmission line

MA - main unit

МН - main oil pipeline

NB - tank farm

LP DS - linear production dispatching station

OPS - oil pumping station

PA - booster unit

NS TO U- control and management point

RD - pressure regulator

RNU - regional oil pipeline management

SAR - automatic control system

SOU - leak detection system

TM - telemechanics

FGU - filter-dirt trap

EXPLANATION TO FILLING IN THE TABLE

In the table, the full name of the person responsible for providing and changing the data and the name of the person responsible for entering data into the SDKU system must be filled in.

All standard parameters are entered manually.

NPC section

In the item "The value of the maximum allowable pressure passing through the pump station" in the column "max" the value of the maximum allowable pressure passing through the stopped pump station, through the passage chamber or the start-up and receiving of cleaning devices based on the bearing capacity of the pipeline at the receiving part of the pump station is indicated.

Input

Control carried out by means of the OPS and SDKU automation system (independently disabled or connected to the OPS to the oil pipeline).

In the item, the value of the pressure deviations at the inlet and outlet of the pump station is set, which determines the boundaries (range) of pressures characterizing the normal operation of the oil pipeline in the steady state. Introduced at the PS by the operator after 10 minutes of steady state operation of the pipeline.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically by means of automation and telemechanics of the pump station.

Control parameter is carried out automatically by the OPS automation system, through T M by means of SDKU.

The steady-state mode of operation of the oil pipeline is the mode of operation of the oil pipeline, in which the specified capacity is ensured, all the necessary starts and stops of the pump station are completed, and there are no changes (fluctuations) in pressure within 10 minutes.

In n .NS ... and the value of the pressure deviation from the steady-state pressure at the outlet and inlet of the OPS is indicated. The upper pressure limit at the outlet of the pump station is set at 2 kgf / cm 2 more than the established operating pressure, but not more than the maximum permissible specified in the technological map. The lower pressure limit at the pump intake is set at 0.5 kgf / cm 2 less steady-state ra b total pressure, but not less than the minimum allowable pressure specified in the technological chart. Similarly, the limit is set for the maximum pressure at the OPS inlet and the minimum pressure at the OPS outlet.

The paragraph indicates the maximum and minimum allowable pressure drop on the filters of the dirt traps, according to RD 153-39 TM 008-96.

V waters carried out automatically by the NPS automation system.

Control carried out by means of the OPS and SD automation system TO W.

The item indicates the nominal load of the MA electric motor according to the passport.

Input carried out automatically by the NPS automation system.

Control

The item indicates the nominal load of the PA electric motor according to the passport.

Input

Control carried out by means of the OPS and SDKU automation system.

Clause indicates the maximum permissible vibration of the main pump, the response threshold (setting) of the unit protection in accordance with RD 153-39 TM 008-96.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically by the OPS automation system.

Control carried out by means of the OPS and SDKU automation system.

Paragraph indicates the maximum permissible vibration of the booster pump, the response threshold (setting) of the unit protection in accordance with RD 153-39 TM 008-96.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically by the OPS automation system.

Control carried out by means of the OPS and SDKU automation system.

One maximum vibration value of the booster pump is transmitted through the TM for control by means of SDKU.

The item indicates the operating time of the main unit in accordance with RD 153-39 TM 008-96.

Input of the current actual parameters is carried out automatically according to the operational data of the SDKU.

Control for this normative parameter is carried out by means of SDKU. The actual operating time should not exceed the standard indicator.

The item indicates the maximum permissible continuous operating time MA d on the transition to a standby 600 hours in accordance with the Regulations "Ensuring the shift of working and in reserve trunk aggregates NPS ".

The item indicates the operating time of the MA before overhaul in accordance with RD 153-39 TM 008-96.

Parameters similar to those for PA according to RD 153-39 TM 008-96 are indicated in clause.

In p.p. and the normative number, respectively, of the main and support units of the pump station being in the ATS state is indicated, but not less than 1 unit MA and PA.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically by the OPS automation system.

Control carried out by means of the NPS and SD automation system TO W.

The item indicates the position of the input and sectional switches.

The clause indicates the standard indicator of the position of the input switches ON.

The clause indicates the normative indicator of the position of the sectional switches OFF.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically by the OPS automation system.

Control carried out by means of the OPS and SDKU automation system.

The item indicates the disappearance of the voltage on the buses 6-10 kV.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically by the OPS automation system.

Control carried out by means of the OPS and SDKU automation system.

The item indicates the number of shutdownsMA and PA on activation of protection A CR.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically by the OPS automation system.

Control carried out by means of the OPS and SDKU automation system.

Section Linear part

The item indicates the value of the maximum allowable pressure at each gearbox at the maximum operating mode of the oil pipeline. It is calculated for each KP based on the oil pipeline operating modes approved by OJSC MN.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out by means of TM.

Control carried out by means of SD TO W.

The p. Indicates the standard value of the pressure on KNS underwater passage. Determined according to the Regulations for the technical operation of MP crossings through water obstacles.

Input

Control

The item indicates the value of the maximum and minimum protective potential at the CP, the standard is determined in accordance with GOST R 51164-98.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically through the TM.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The item indicates the maximum acceptable level in the container for collecting leaks at the KPPSOD making up no more than 30% of the maximum volume of the container.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically through the TM.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The item indicates the presence or absence of voltage on the along-route LENS , power supply to KP. The standard indicator is "presence" of the PKU supply voltage.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically through the TM.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The clause indicates unauthorized access (opening the doors of the b / w PKU without an application and message to the RNU dispatcher). The normative indicator is 0.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically through the TM.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

In p. The normative indicator "closed" 3 or "open" O is indicated, with a spontaneous change in the position of the valves on the linear part, a signal of deviation from the normative parameter appears. The normative indicator is 0.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically through the TM.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

ChapterUUN

The item displays the actual instantaneous flow rate by IL in real time in the viewing mode.

Input of the current actual parameters is carried out automatically by means of T M with UUN in real time.

Control carried out through TM by means of SD TO W.

The item indicates the water content in the oil.

Input current actual parameters at l and their possibilities are carried out automatically. about B QC data by means T M silt and in manual mode every 12 hours.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The item indicates the maximum permissible oil density.

Input QC by means of TM or in manual mode every 12 hours.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The item indicates the maximum permissible oil viscosity.

Input current actual parameters, if possible, is carried out automatically according to the BPC data by means of TM or in manual mode every 12 hours.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The item indicates the maximum permissible sulfur content in oil.

Input current actual parameters, if possible, is carried out automatically according to B data TO By means of TM or in manual mode every 12 hours.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The item indicates the maximum permissible content of chloride salts according to the chemical data. analysis.

Input controlled parameter is carried out in manual mode every 12 hours.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

GOST 30576-98

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Vibration

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
NUTRITIONAL THERMAL
POWER PLANTS

Vibration standards and general measurement requirements

INTERSTATE COUNCIL
FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

Minsk

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the Interstate Technical Committee for Standardization MTK 183 "Vibration and Shock" with the participation of the Ural Thermal Engineering Research Institute (JSC UralVTI) INTRODUCED by the State Standard of Russia 2 ACCEPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Protocol No. 13 - 98 dated May 28, 1998. ) Voted for adoption: 3 By Resolution State Committee Of the Russian Federation on standardization and metrology of December 23, 1999 No. 679-st, the interstate standard GOST 30576-98 was put into effect directly as a state standard of the Russian Federation from July 1, 2000 4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Vibration

CENTRIFUGAL FEEDING PUMPS OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS

Vibration standards and general measurement requirements

Mechanical vibration. Centrifugal feed pumps for thermal stations.
Evaluation of machine vebration and requirements for the measurement of vibration

Date of introduction 2000-07-01

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to centrifugal feed pumps with a power of more than 10 MW driven by a steam turbine and an operating speed of 50 to 100 s -1. The standard sets the standards for the permissible vibration of bearings of centrifugal feed pumps in operation and put into operation after installation or repair and general measurement requirements The standard does not apply to the pump turbine drive mountings.

2 Normative references

In this standard, references to the following standards are used: GOST ISO 2954-97 Vibration of machines with reciprocating and rotary motion. Requirements for measuring instruments GOST 23269-78 Stationary steam turbines. Terms and definitions GOST 24346-80 Vibration. Terms and Definitions

3 Definitions

In this standard, terms are used with the corresponding definitions in accordance with GOST 23269 and GOST 24346.

4 Vibration standards

4.1 As a normalized vibration parameter, the root-mean-square value of the vibration velocity is set in the operating frequency band from 10 to 1000 Hz during stationary operation of the pump. 4.2 The vibration state of feed pumps is assessed by the highest value of any vibration component measured in accordance with 5.2.1 in the operating range for the feed water flow rate and pressure. mm · s -1 over the entire operating range of the pump and with the total duration of operation determined by the acceptance rules. 4.4 Long-term operation of centrifugal feed pumps is allowed when the vibration of the bearing supports does not exceed 11.2 mm level in a period not exceeding 30 days. 4.6 Operation of feed pumps with vibration exceeding 18.0 mm · s -1 is not allowed.

5 General requirements for measurements

5.1 Measuring apparatus

5.1.1 Vibration of feed pumps is measured and recorded using stationary equipment for continuous monitoring of vibration of bearing arrangements that meets the requirements of GOST ISO 2954.5.1.2 Before installing stationary equipment for continuous monitoring of vibration of pumps, it is allowed to use portable instruments whose metrological characteristics comply with the requirements of GOST ISO 2954.

5.2 Carrying out measurements

5.2.1 Vibration is measured at all bearing arrangements in three mutually perpendicular directions: vertical, horizontal-transverse and horizontal-axial with respect to the axis of the feed pump shaft. 5.2.2 The horizontal-transverse and horizontal-axial components of vibration are measured at the level of the pump shaft axis. unit against the middle of the length of the bearing shell on one side. Sensors for measuring the horizontal-transverse and horizontal-axial components of vibration are attached to the bearing housing or to special areas that do not have resonances in the frequency range from 10 to 1000 Hz and are rigidly connected to the support, in the immediate close to the horizontal connector. 5.2.3 The vertical component of vibration is measured on the upper part of the bearing cover above the middle of the length of its liner. 5.2.4 When using portable vibration equipment, the vibration monitoring frequency is set by the local operating instructions depending on the vibration state of the pump.

5.3 Registration of measurement results

5.3.1 The results of vibration measurement when the pump unit is put into operation after installation or overhaul is drawn up with an acceptance certificate, which indicates: - date of measurement, names of persons and names of organizations conducting measurements; - operating parameters of the pump unit at which measurements were taken (pressure at the inlet and outlet, flow rate, speed, feed water temperature, etc.); - diagram of vibration measurement points; - name of measuring instruments and the date of their verification; - vibration value of bearing supports obtained during measurement. During the operation of the pumping unit, the vibration measurement results are recorded by instruments and entered into the operating record of the turbine unit operator. In this case, the operating parameters of the turbine unit (load and consumption of live steam) must be recorded. Key words: centrifugal feed pumps, norms, bearing support, vibration, measurements, control

Vibration standards are very important when diagnosing rotary equipment. Dynamic (rotary) equipment occupies a large percentage of the total equipment volume industrial enterprise: electric motors, pumps, compressors, fans, gearboxes, turbines, etc. The task of the service of the chief mechanic and the chief power engineer is to determine with sufficient accuracy the moment when the PPR is technically, and most importantly, economically justified. One of best practices definitions technical condition of rotating assemblies is vibration control with BALTECH VP-3410 vibrometers or vibration diagnostics using BALTECH CSI 2130 vibration analyzers, which can reduce unreasonable costs of material resources for operation and Maintenance equipment, as well as assess the likelihood and prevent the possibility of unplanned failure. However, this is possible only if vibration monitoring is carried out systematically, then it is possible to detect in time: bearing wear (rolling, sliding), shaft misalignment, rotor imbalance, machine lubrication problems and many other deviations and malfunctions.

GOST ISO 10816-1-97 establishes two main criteria for the overall assessment of the vibration state of machines and mechanisms different classes depending on the power of the unit. On one criterion I compare the absolute values ​​of the vibration parameter in a wide frequency band, on the other - the changes in this parameter.

Resistance to mechanical deformation (for example, when falling).

vrms, mm / s	Class 1	Class 2	Class 3	Class 4
0.28	A	A	A	A
0.45
0.71
1.12	B
1.8		B
2.8	WITH		B
4.5		C		B
7.1	D		C
11.2		D		C
18			D
28				D
45

The first criterion is the absolute values ​​of vibration. It is related to the determination of the limits for the absolute value of the vibration parameter, established from the condition of permissible dynamic loads on bearings and permissible vibration transmitted to the outside of the supports and the foundation. The maximum parameter value measured at each bearing or support is compared with the zone boundaries for the given machine. Devices and programs of the BALTECH company, you can specify (select) your vibration standards or accept from the list of standards entered international in the "Proton-Expert" program.

Class 1 - Individual parts of motors and machines connected to the unit and operating in their normal mode (serial electric motors up to 15 kW are typical machines in this category).

Class 2 - Medium-sized machines (typical electric motors from 15 to 875 kW) without special foundations, rigidly mounted motors or machines (up to 300 kW) on special foundations.

Class 3 - Powerful prime movers and other powerful machines with rotating masses, mounted on solid foundations, relatively rigid in the direction of vibration measurement.

Class 4 - Powerful prime movers and other powerful machines with rotating masses installed on foundations that are relatively flexible in the direction of vibration measurement (for example, turbine generators and gas turbines with an output of more than 10 MW).

For a qualitative assessment of the vibration of the machine and making decisions about the necessary actions in specific situation the following status zones are set.

• Zone A- As a rule, new machines that have just been put into operation fall into this zone (the vibration of these machines is normalized, as a rule, by the manufacturer).
• Zone B- Machines entering this zone are usually considered suitable for further operation without any time limit.
• Zone C- Machines entering this area are usually considered unsuitable for long-term continuous operation. Typically, these machines can operate for a limited period of time until a suitable repair opportunity arises.
• Zone D- Vibration levels in this area are generally considered to be severe enough to cause damage to the machine.

The second criterion is the change in vibration values. This criterion is based on comparing the measured value of vibration in the steady state operation of the machine with a preset value. Such changes can be rapid or gradually increasing over time and indicate early damage to the machine or other malfunctions. A 25% change in vibration is generally considered significant.

If significant changes in vibration are detected, it is necessary to investigate possible reasons such changes in order to identify the reasons for such changes and determine what measures must be taken in order to prevent the occurrence of dangerous situations. And first of all, it is necessary to find out if this is a consequence of an incorrect measurement of the vibration value.

The users of vibration measuring equipment and instruments themselves often find themselves in a delicate situation when they try to compare readings between similar instruments. Initial surprise is often replaced by indignation when a discrepancy is found in the readings exceeding the permissible measurement error of the instruments. There are several reasons for this:

It is incorrect to compare the readings of devices whose vibration sensors are installed in different places, even if close enough;

It is incorrect to compare the readings of devices whose vibration sensors have different ways attachment to the object (magnet, hairpin, probe, glue, etc.);

It should be borne in mind that piezoelectric vibration sensors are sensitive to temperature, magnetic and electric fields and are capable of changing their electrical resistance during mechanical deformation (for example, when falling).

At first glance, comparing the technical characteristics of the two devices, we can say that the second device is significantly better than the first... Let's take a closer look:

For example, consider a mechanism whose rotor speed is 12.5 Hz (750 rpm), and the vibration level is 4 mm / s, the following instrument readings are possible:

a) for the first device, the error at a frequency of 12.5 Hz and a level of 4 mm / s, in accordance with technical requirements, no more than ± 10%, i.e. the reading of the device will be in the range from 3.6 to 4.4 mm / s;

b) for the second, the error at a frequency of 12.5 Hz will be ± 15%, the error at a vibration level of 4 mm / s will be 20/4 * 5 = 25%. In most cases, both errors are systematic, so they add up arithmetically. We get a measurement error of ± 40%, i.e. the reading of the device is likely from 2.4 to 5.6 mm / s;

At the same time, if we evaluate vibration in the frequency spectrum of vibration of the mechanism of components with a frequency below 10 Hz and above 1 kHz, the readings of the second device will be better compared to the first.

It is necessary to pay attention to the presence of an RMS detector in the device. Replacing the RMS detector with a mean or amplitude detector can lead to an additional error in the measurement of the polyharmonic signal up to 30%.

Thus, if we look at the readings of two devices, when measuring the vibration of a real mechanism, we can get that the real error in measuring the vibration of real mechanisms in real conditions is not less than ± (15-25)%. It is for this reason that it is necessary to carefully consider the choice of the manufacturer of vibration measuring equipment and even more attentively to the continuous improvement of the qualifications of a specialist in vibration diagnostics. Since, first of all, from how exactly these measurements are carried out, we can talk about the result of the diagnosis. One of the most effective and versatile devices for vibration control and dynamic balancing of rotors in their own supports is the “Proton-Balance-II” set, produced by BALTECH in standard and maximum modifications. Vibration standards can be measured by vibration displacement or vibration velocity, and the error in assessing the vibration state of the equipment has a minimum value in accordance with international standards IORS and ISO.

Technological processes in the Kaltasy LPDS pumping station are accompanied by significant noise and vibration. Sources of intense noise and vibration include back-up (20НДсН) and mainline (НМ 2500-230, НМ1250-260) pumps, elements of ventilation systems, pipelines for moving oil, electric motors (HLW - 630m, 2АЗМВ1 2000/6000) and other technological equipment.

Noise affects the organs of hearing, leads to partial or complete deafness, i.e. to occupational hearing loss. This disrupts the normal activity of the nervous, cardiovascular and digestive systems, resulting in chronic diseases. Noise increases the energy consumption of a person, causes fatigue, which reduces the production activity of labor and increases waste in work.

Long-term exposure to vibration on a person causes professional vibration disease. Exposure to biological tissue and the nervous system, vibration leads to muscle atrophy, loss of elasticity of blood vessels, ossification of tendons, disruption of the vestibular apparatus, decreased hearing acuity, deterioration of vision, which leads to a decrease in labor productivity by 10-15% and is partly the cause of injury. Normalization of noise at workplaces, general requirements for the noise characteristics of units, mechanisms and other equipment are established in accordance with GOST 12.1.003-83.

Table 4. - Permissible values ​​of the sound pressure level in the pumping shop and vibration of the pumping unit

Measurement location	Sound level, dB	Normally acceptable, dB	Maximum speed, mm / s	Emergency maximum, mm / s
Pumping station
Bearing vibration: a) pump b) engine
Body vibration: a) pump b) engine
Vibration of the foundation

Protection against noise and vibration is provided by SN-2.2.4. / 2.1.8.566-96, consider the most typical measures for a pumping shop:

• 1. remote control equipment;
• 2. sealing of windows, openings, doors;
• 3. elimination of technical deficiencies and equipment malfunctions that are a source of noise;
• 4. timely scheduled preventive maintenance according to the schedule, replacement of worn parts, regular lubrication of rubbing parts.

Headphones or antiphones are used as personal protective equipment against noise.

To reduce or eliminate vibration, SN-2.2.4. / 2.1.8.566-96 provides for the following measures:

• 1.Correct design of foundations for equipment, taking into account dynamic loads and their isolation from supporting structures and utilities;
• 2. centering and balancing the rotating parts of the units.

Workers exposed to vibration should undergo regular physical examinations.