Exterior decoration of buildings is an important part of construction and installation work and architectural design, the purpose of which is to create a presentable appearance of buildings and solve practical problems.
The latter includes strengthening the structure and protecting it from aggressive influences. environment, extension of service life.
IN modern conditions optimal technology is considered a curtain façade. Its features and functionality worth considering in more detail.
The hinged ventilated facade is an innovative finishing system external walls buildings, consisting of finishing materials mounted on the frame.
The peculiarity of the technology is that the method of installing the structure provides for the presence of a layer between the finishing elements and the wall of the structure, thanks to which air circulates freely, reliably protecting the building from excess moisture and reducing the heat transfer of the house.
Hinged ventilated facades are sometimes called “ventilation facades”. This phrase is not correct, since it does not accurately reflect the meaning and scope of the technology.
Modern ventilated facades are a rather complex and universal system. It is the latter factor and the presence of several types of fastening that allow the technology to be used everywhere in both public and private construction.
The ventilated facade, as it is sometimes called, becomes not only a functional element, but also part of the decorative decoration of the house. Today, the ventilated facade of a monolithic house is becoming increasingly popular.
This is explained by the fact that the monolith as a base provides high strength and reliability of the structure, which does not require additional strengthening measures. Here you can use the most, increase the profile step. This reduces the cost of materials and speeds up the installation process, which becomes in a good way savings.
In addition, hanging ventilated systems will help solve aesthetic problems, which will especially please those who do not like appearance monolithic buildings.
To understand how a ventilated façade is installed and what it is in principle, we advise you to carefully read the explanations below.
Main functions
By installing ventilated facades, you can solve several problems at once: to provide reliable protection buildings from the destructive effects of moisture, wind and temperature changes, reduce energy costs due to thermal interlayers, improve sound insulation internal space, extend the service life of the structure, create interesting decor with a wide range of colors and designer finishes.
In terms of their functionality, ventilation facades are universal systems that provide great opportunities for standard and unusual solutions.
Device
The elements of which are:
- A frame subsystem that is attached to the wall of a building and serves as support for the entire structure. Most often it is made of galvanized or of stainless steel or aluminum.
- Insulating layer. It is a multifunctional component that provides protection from moisture, steam, wind, cold, and also reduces the heat transfer of the building.
- Gap for air circulation. It is this that promotes constant ventilation in the system.
- External decorative shell. Protects the lower layers of the ventilation façade and gives the building a presentable appearance.
Nodes
In order to obtain units of ventilated facades, it is necessary to obtain an Album of Technical Solutions from the manufacturer.
In this article we will present some nodes from different albums of our choice. But you should understand that the node published here is not necessarily suitable for the system you choose. Standard nodes, common to almost all systems, look like this:
Application area
Suspended ventilated systems are used for exterior finishing of buildings and structures using a wide range of finishing materials.
Due to its versatility and variety of installation options, the technology is in demand both in the construction of new facilities and in repair work and reconstruction of old buildings.
Ventilated facades are suitable for private and multi-apartment buildings residential buildings, are actively used in industrial and public facilities, commercial buildings, technical rooms of bus stations, gas stations, etc.
The functionality of materials can be adapted to any needs, which determines the relevance of ventilation facades.
Application in seismic areas
The requirements for finishing materials and installation methods used at sites in areas of high seismic activity are always increased, so the selection of technologies is carried out with special care.
Experts note that modern ventilated facades optimally meet all standards, which is largely due to the strength of metal frames.
Many systems have been tested for seismic resistance up to 9 points. But still, before using the system, it is necessary to calculate static loads.
Methodology for calculating static loads of NVF
Today, load calculations are carried out in accordance with SNiP II-7-81 “Construction in seismic areas,” which provides for two approaches.
In the first case, which is typical for all objects, a linear spectral technique (LST) is used, based on the decomposition of the building’s motion into its own modes of vibration.
The second technique is designed for increased importance. It involves dynamic analysis of synthesized accelerograms and compilation of instrumental records of the most dangerous acceleration of the base.
In calculations, the relation also plays an important role different types loads A feature of the analysis is the introduction of significant safety factors, the purpose of which is to protect against unforeseen risks of facade collapse.
Weight loads are classified as basic and vary significantly depending on the finishing materials used. Their weight can range from 7-8 kg/m2 to 100 kg/m2 in the case of stone cladding.
It is also worth considering the increase in weight caused by the height of the building and the characteristics of the terrain on which the object is located. All these factors are included in the calculations when choosing options for ventilated facades.
Wind loads
Wind loads strongly depend on the height of the structure, the characteristics of the surrounding space and the wind region. In particularly active zones they can even exceed weight factors.
Wind pressure is calculated in accordance with SNiP “Loads and Impacts” standards, choosing height coefficients and one of three types of terrain.
This parameter belongs to the short-term category, but it should not be neglected. The load from icing can exceed the weight of the finish itself. It can be calculated either from data obtained practically, or using the above regulatory documents.
Types of ventilated facades
One of the criteria on the basis of which types of ventilated facades are distinguished is the type of frame used for installation.
The facade subsystem is a set of frame parts, profiles and fasteners by means of which the cladding panels are attached to the wall of the building.
The most relevant are metal structures, characterized by strength, durability and operational reliability.
Galvanized facade systems (manufacturers)
Ventilated facades made of galvanized steel are often used in modern construction in view of optimal combination functionality and affordable price.
Popular manufacturers of these products are the Russian companies “OLMA”, “OST”, “Alternativa”, “Kamenny Belt”, “Kraspan”.
Aluminum facade systems (manufacturers)
An aluminum frame has a higher price than a steel frame, but it also offers additional benefits during installation due to the lighter weight of the structure and anti-corrosion properties.
Products from Russian brands “NordFox”, “U-con”, “Sial” are presented on the domestic market. Close cooperation between companies and foreign developers of innovative equipment guarantees high product quality standards and excellent performance properties.
The European brand Hilti, which specializes in power tools, is also popular.
Stainless steel facade systems (manufacturers)
Characterized by good strength and corrosion resistance. It is cheaper than its aluminum counterparts and is quite easy to install, which is what makes it popular.
Products of the domestic brand “Diat” are in great demand among Russian buyers, combining optimal parameters and favorable prices.
Wooden systems for private houses
Wood as a frame for a ventilation facade is a fairly durable, environmentally friendly and easy-to-install material with low thermal conductivity.
Another important factor is its aesthetic appeal. But due to exposure to moisture and the need for additional protection from fire, this material is used only in ventilated facades of private houses.
What is a proper ventilated façade?
The ease of installation and wide functionality of ventilation facades do not exclude the need for a careful and responsible approach to its installation.
The structure, installed in accordance with all rules and regulations, will ensure optimal properties and a long period of trouble-free operation.
When working with mounted systems, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the technical manual, which is supplied by experienced manufacturers.
Particular attention should be paid to the correct fastening and strength of fasteners, and the step width of the system. What matters here are precisely selected materials, coordination of the main design parameters, and correspondence of real data to the album. technical solutions. Not only the technical characteristics of the structure, but also the safety of others will depend on this.
Service life of a ventilated façade
The service life of ventilation facades largely depends on the correct installation, environmental conditions, and the scope of its application. But the main criteria are the materials used. Thus, the average service life of an unpainted galvanized system is about 7 years. The same coated material will last from 14 to 30 years, depending on the properties of the protective components.
Aluminum facades and stainless steel analogues will last up to 50 years, providing excellent functionality.
Vent gap 
The ventilation gap is the element of the façade system that provides ventilation and reduces heat transfer. The quality of hydro- and thermal insulation of the ventilation façade depends on the correctly selected size of the air gap.
There are special formulas that allow you to calculate this parameter based on temperature, air flow speed and heat transfer coefficients of the structure.
On average, the thickness of the gap will fluctuate in the range of 20-50 mm. It is this layer that guarantees optimal air circulation and effective moisture removal.
Pros and Features
The main advantages of ventilated facades include:
- High rates of thermal, hydro and sound insulation.
- Resistance to negative impact external environment.
- Fast and convenient installation in any weather conditions.
- Excellent repairability in case of unexpected damage.
- Reducing heating costs.
- Wide range of facing materials, color solutions and design techniques.
- Durability of use.
Among the possible disadvantages of hinged ventilated facades, there is a significant decrease in the level of fire safety if installation technology is not followed.
Such consequences can be caused, for example, by imperfect walls, due to which it is necessary to resort to non-standard installation solutions. Improper installation of structures can affect the anti-corrosion protection and environmental friendliness of materials, reducing their service life.
But with a competent approach from qualified specialists, most of these risks can be successfully eliminated.
Price
| No. | Name of materials and works | Unit change | Volume | We're standing. rub. | Amount rub. |
| №1 | Ventilated facade made of ALUMINUM COMPOSITE PANELS | ||||
| 1 | sq.m. | 1,00 | 90,00 | 90,00 | |
| 2 | Supply of COMPOSITE PANEL FR 4.04 all, (G1) taking into account technological waste of 20% | sq.m. | 1,20 | 1150,00 | 1380,00 |
| 3 | sq.m. | 1,10 | 450,00 | 495,00 | |
| 4 | sq.m. | 1,00 | 625,00 | 625,00 | |
| 5 | taking into account construction mechanisms | sq.m. | 1,00 | 1400,00 | 1400,00 |
| Total: | 3990,00 | ||||
| №2 | Ventilated facade made of CERAMOGRANITE | ||||
| 1 | Development project documentation(KMD) | sq.m. | 1,00 | 90,00 | 90,00 |
| 2 | Supply of CERAMIC GRANITE (600x600x8) taking into account technological waste of 10% | sq.m. | 1,10 | 500,00 | 550,00 |
| 3 | Supply of 100 mm insulation, taking into account fasteners and technological waste 10% | sq.m. | 1,10 | 450,00 | 495,00 |
| 4 | sq.m. | 1,00 | 725,00 | 825,00 | |
| 5 | sq.m. | 1,00 | 1300,00 | 1300,00 | |
| Total: | 3260,00 | ||||
| №3 | Construction of COLUMNS made of ALUMINUM COMPOSITE PANELS | ||||
| 1 | Development of design documentation (KMD) | sq.m. | 1,00 | 50,00 | 50,00 |
| 2 | sq.m. | 1,35 | 1150,00 | 1552,50 | |
| 4 | Supply of substructure including fasteners | sq.m. | 1,00 | 750,00 | 825,00 |
| 5 | Manufacturing and installation of a ventilated facade taking into account construction mechanisms | sq.m. | 1,00 | 2000,00 | 2000,00 |
| Total: | 4027,50 | ||||
| №4 | Interior cladding made of ALUMINUM COMPOSITE PANELS | ||||
| 1 | Development of design documentation (KMD) | sq.m. | 1,00 | 250,00 | 250,00 |
| 2 | Supply of COMPOSITE PANEL FR 4.04 all, (G1) taking into account technological waste of 35% | sq.m. | 1,35 | 1150,00 | 1552,50 |
| 4 | Supply of substructure including fasteners | sq.m. | 1,00 | 750,00 | 825,00 |
| 5 | Manufacturing and installation of a ventilated facade taking into account construction mechanisms | sq.m. | 1,00 | 2000,00 | 2000,00 |
| Total: | 4627,50 | ||||
| №5 | Ventilated facade made of ALUMINUM PANELS | ||||
| 1 | Development of design documentation (KMD) | sq.m. | 1,00 | 130,00 | 130,00 |
| 2 | Supply of ALUMINUM PANELS | sq.m. | 1,35 | 2600,00 | 2600,00 |
| 3 | sq.m. | 1,00 | 550,00 | 605,00 | |
| 4 | Supply of aluminum substructure including fasteners | sq.m. | 1,00 | 725,00 | 825,00 |
| 5 | Manufacturing and installation of a ventilated facade taking into account construction mechanisms | sq.m. | 1,00 | 1500,00 | 1500,00 |
| Total: | 4627,50 | ||||
| №6 | Ventilated facade made of GRANITE | ||||
| 1 | Development of design documentation (KMD) | sq.m. | 1,00 | 130,00 | 130,00 |
| 2 | Supply of ALUMINUM PANELS | sq.m. | 1,35 | 2400,00 | 2640,00 |
| 3 | Supply of 120 mm insulation, taking into account fasteners and technological waste 10% | sq.m. | 1,00 | 550,00 | 605,00 |
| 4 | Supply of substructure including fasteners | sq.m. | 1,00 | 950,00 | 825,00 |
| 5 | Manufacturing and installation of a ventilated facade taking into account construction mechanisms | sq.m. | 1,00 | 2000,00 | 2000,00 |
| Total: | 6200,00 | ||||
| №7 | Ventilated facade made of FIBROCEMENT PLATE | ||||
| 1 | Development of design documentation (KMD) | sq.m. | 1,00 | 90,00 | 90,00 |
| 2 | Supply of FIBER CEMENT BOARD, taking into account technological waste of 10% | sq.m. | 1,00 | 800,00 | 880,00 |
| 3 | Supply of 100 mm insulation, taking into account fasteners and technological waste 10% | sq.m. | 1,00 | 450,00 | 495,00 |
| 4 | Supply of substructure including fasteners | sq.m. | 1,00 | 725,00 | 825,00 |
| 5 | Manufacturing and installation of a ventilated facade taking into account construction mechanisms | sq.m. | 1,00 | 1300,00 | 1300,00 |
| Total: | 3590,00 | ||||
Cladding options in the system
The undoubted advantage of ventilated curtain facades is the huge range of finishing materials, among which we can note: it is worth using only mineral wool, since neither penoplex nor rolled materials are not able to provide the necessary technical parameters for a ventilated façade.
Standard thickness mineral wool used for insulation is about 100 mm, although you can choose thicker types with additional insulation.
Often the installation of wool is carried out in two layers, general principle Such a solution provides for density indicators of at least 50 kg/m3 and 80 kg/m3 for the bottom and top layers, respectively. More detailed advice will be provided by specific manufacturers of facade structures.
Is film needed in ventilated facades?
This issue causes a lot of controversy, in which film and insulation manufacturers are parties.
Most controversies are caused solely by commercial reasons.
Experts agree that the film is necessary to protect the insulation from the wind inside the gap when using standard 80 kg/m3 insulation. For denser layers there is no need for it.
Design of a ventilated facade
It is a responsible process, the quality of which will determine the reliability of the entire structure. This task should only be entrusted to trusted contractors, which can be installation companies or manufacturers of curtain walled façade products.
TO hinged ventilated facade, consisting of an aluminum subsystem and a set of rectangular decorative segments, has attracted the attention of most design and construction organizations. Ventilated suspended facade as a method of increasing the energy efficiency of buildings was discovered more than 20 years ago. During this period, manufacturers of facade components have developed dozens of techniques for using technologies in aggressive environmental conditions.
Finishing methods
Decorative finishing is a method of shaping architectural style. The decorative layer is assigned several utilitarian functions. Exactly external cladding must:
- determine the price of a ventilation façade;
- provide reliable protection of walls from adverse effects;
- visually decorate an inconspicuous, at first glance, structure.
To form a clear understanding of the advantages of different types of finishing, it is necessary to consider each of them separately.
Porcelain tile cladding
Artificial material. For the production of ceramic granite the following are used:
- a mixture of two types of clay;
- dyes;
- a product of sifting milky-white quartz and rock-forming minerals from the silicate class.
From the resulting raw materials, tiles are formed, which are pressed onto hydraulic presses and fired in specialized kilns at a temperature of about 1300 ° C.
Porcelain tiles have a strong, durable structure. The slabs are used in construction, decoration of buildings, and for interior finishing work.
Composite panels
The composite is quite flexible, allowing you to create rounded corners and curved shapes. The structure of the panel itself is a heterogeneous product with many layers. The technology for producing panels from different materials involves the preparation of aluminum and components (straightened aluminum is subjected to chemical synthesis), painting, priming, heat gluing and pressing. The process of joining metal, polymers and mineral materials, is carried out under the influence of high temperatures.
Composite panels- an externally stylish and modern way of arranging the outer layer of walls. Their surface does not contain an electrifying component, and therefore dirt and dust are washed off during the first precipitation. The panels are resistant to corrosion, wind and ice loads, and are not afraid of sudden temperature fluctuations. Purposes of use:
- decor architectural elements houses;
- restoration of buildings;
- arrangement of billboards.
Natural or artificial stone
Natural stone facades are recognized as the most practical. NVF made of stone is the same multilayer system, including insulation, windproof membrane, frame base, and finishing layer.
By technical specifications The ventilated stone facade complies with the standards for the design of buildings for any purpose. Cladding made of granite, sandstone, and other rocks is used to make a structure:
- unique;
- "dear";
- with high status.
Fiber cement panels
Fiber cement-based slabs with textured paint coating- a striking example of high-quality design of the exterior of an object. Structure and chemical composition fiber cement allows you to install a decorative layer regardless of the time of year, climate, or air temperature.
Fiber cement parts perform a heat-saving, decorative function. The material is durable, not exposed to flame, and does not corrode over time. Mounted horizontally, longitudinally.
Facade cassettes
Facade decorations, called metal cassettes, are flat metal parts with edges curved inward along the perimeter. The manufacturing process of metal cassettes involves the use of composites or thin metal (brass, aluminum, copper) sheets, with protective coating or without it.
The use of galvanized metal cassettes in tandem with a galvanized subsystem allows you to decorate the facade inexpensive materials. Steel cassettes have no heavy weight, do not ignite, are easy to repair, and do not transmit sounds.
Technical data
Ventilated facades occupy a large segment of the building materials market. The ventilation façade design has several advantages:
- Fire resistance. Of the finishing materials developed for decorating the facades of buildings, only those that do not support combustion are used;
- Heat retention. Thanks to the properties of the insulation, the internal space of the building maintains a comfortable temperature for humans;
- Natural sound insulation. The function of protecting against the penetration of extraneous noise into the building is performed by a layer of thermal insulation;
- No condensation. Air gap between the wall and decorative coating prevents steam from forming. Because of this, moisture is removed from the insulation, leaving it dry m;
- Saving money when preparing walls.The system is mounted on a substructure and helps hide construction defects. Consequently, you won’t have to spend money on plastering to even out dimensional deviations;
- Corrosion resistance. Panels containing anti-corrosion materials protect load-bearing walls from changes in air temperatures, chemical influences from outside;
- Implementation of any design idea. A large selection of textures, colors, shapes, types of finishes allows you to play with shadows and combine colors;
- Minimum weight of the substructure. The NVF system is lightweight and easy to install. Work on construction sites is carried out even in the winter months.
Types and characteristic qualities of insulation
- universal application;
- good insulating qualities;
- good technical characteristics.
- Withstands temperatures without destruction - 1000 degrees;
- Shrinkage 5%;
- Density - from 30 to 100 kg/m³;
- Cotton wool with a basalt component.
- thermal conductivity - from 0.032 to 0.048 W/mK;
- density - 30-100 kg/m3;
- does not burn.
Disadvantages:
- does not tolerate moisture well;
- price.
The thermal insulator produced by chemical means - extruded polystyrene foam - has a lot of positive qualities:
- high insulating qualities;
- ability to repel moisture;
- resistance to chemical environments;
- does not shrink, does not deform.
Disadvantages include flammability and toxicity of combustion products. It is also necessary to use an adhesive for installation.
Characteristics:- closed pores no more than 0.2 mm;
- thermal conductivity - 028 - 0.03 W/mK.
Glass wool.
Inexpensive and often commercially available insulation - glass wool, traditional insulation material, both in private homes and industrial premises. Disadvantages include fragility of fibers and harmful dust. Glass wool is made from waste glass.
Characteristics:
- thermal conductivity - 0.039-0.047 W/mK;
- sound absorption - 35 to 40 dB;
- density - 11-25 kg meter cubic.
Mineral wool is called thermal insulationyator created from molten rock minerals. Advantages of insulation material:
The disadvantages of insulation include the appearance of a “cold bridge” (technological joints), a relatively high price, and the formation of mineral dust.
Characteristics of stone wool:
The material can withstand more than 1000 freezing cycles!
Area of use of the design
Ventilated facades can increasingly be found as decorative design the following construction projects:
- Private housing construction. Building materials for organizing ventilation facades are environmentally friendly, provide everyday comfort and safety for the residents of the house. Hanging systems are widely used in multi-storey housing construction. Simple installation allows you to periodically update the architectural image of a multi-story building and ensure its fire safety;
- Commercial housing construction. During construction from scratch and restoration of commercial buildings, ventilated facades solve many problems;
- Industrial engineering. For cladding of objects industrial use increased demands are being made. A multi-layer ventilated façade neutralizes noise and vibrations;
- Design of structures of an architectural and planning organization. Device versatility hanging system allows you to design structures and fences adjacent to buildings. Building materials for facades give small architectural forms modern look, increase the service life.
Types and options of subsystems (structures)
A subsystem for ventilated facades is a set of mounting devices used to securely fasten panels to the walls of a building. Mounting system consists of guide profile segments used for fastening the decorative layer, brackets and additional fastening elements(anchors, dowels, rivets, clips, clasps, self-tapping screws).
Vertical subsystem
A vertical subsystem is used for horizontal layout chosen for facing works material. The fixation method is often used for cladding buildings and structures with facade panels, siding, and profiled sheets. This version of the subsystem uses anchor angles different heights, which depends on the required thickness of the decor used for insulation. Along with this, cold-formed corners of the required height are also used in order to neutralize distortions and unevenness of the structure.
Vertical-horizontal subsystem
To arrange the sheathing, horizontal and vertical guide profiles are used. The vertical-horizontal system increases the rigidity of the structure due to the uniform distribution of the weight of the facing layer.
The main technological difference between one subsystem and another is the direction and location of the profiles, which is set based on the dimensions and characteristic differences in the material used for facing work. A horizontal, vertical or cross method is used to form cells. Best result obtained by combining vertical and horizontal guides. This is how slabs made of any materials are secured.
There are several options for such subsystems: aluminum, steel and galvanized. The main task of the ventilation façade is to insulate the building while simultaneously performing a decorative function. Steel, galvanized, and aluminum subsystems can also cope with this. Each option has pros and cons.
Subsystems made of aluminum
Advantages:
- due to their lighter weight compared to metal subsystems, they are used in high-rise construction;
- minimal load on the load-bearing walls of the building (buildings with a 20-30 year lifespan can be clad);
- resistant to UV radiation, humidity and climatic conditions of the area;
- easy to use.
Flaws:
- have low temperature melting, which has a negative impact on the degree of fire safety.
Subsystems made of galvanized steel
Advantages:
- least expensive option;
- easy to install, effectively mask the unevenness of the load-bearing walls of the building;
- used for stone cladding natural origin, porcelain stoneware and fiber cement panels, as well as cassettes made of metal and combined materials;
- have a long service life (over 50 years);
- environmentally friendly, highly durable, and non-flammable.
Flaws:
- are susceptible to corrosion, but by painting and applying a layer of polymers this problem can be partially solved.
Subsystems made of stainless alloys
Advantages:
- resistant to frost and temperature changes;
- can be successfully used for high-rise construction (carried out at a height exceeding 50 m);
- environmentally friendly, resistant to corrosion;
- durable in use (the service life of such subsystems is more than 70 years);
- have the highest fire safety rating compared to others.
Flaws:
- high price.
Stainless steel is chosen for the installation of the ventilation facade subsystem. The steel profile is not subject to rotting, and the time of use of steel subsystems is commensurate with the service life of the building.
Mounting device
During the design of the façade of a building, it is necessary to systematically monitor the quality of work performed on site. The sequence of installation of ventilated facades looks like this:
- Installation of brackets. Cantilever support parts are attached to dowels or anchor bolts. The type of fastener is chosen taking into account the configuration and weight of the structure. Experienced installers additionally install paronite or plastic gaskets between the building wall and the metal, which eliminates the risk of a thermal bridge;
- Laying insulation. Next stage installation of the external part of the building involves fixing thermal insulation. For fastening, mushroom-shaped dowels and composite flexible connections are used. A membrane is installed on top of the thermal insulation. Some types modern insulation materials equipped with protective film in production;
- Fastening the guides. The frame base, consisting of vertical posts and horizontal jumpers, is built after observing the gap parameters. The frame elements are connected with cylindrical rods. The configuration of the threshold between the guides depends on the decor parameters;
- Installation of facing panels. The air gap between the cladding varies in size. Its value depends on the design and design of the object. The panels are installed on mounting slides, metal brackets, and corners.
Construction cost per m2
| Section 1. Design and preparatory work | |||
| Item no. | Name | Unit Change | |
| 1.1 | Carrying out work to test the load-bearing capacity of walls (pull-out anchor), static calculation of the load on the building | set | 0,00 |
| 1.2 | Geodetic works, formation of facade diagrams | m2 | 25,00 |
| 1.3 | Design work, preparation of a detailed design for the installation of a ventilated facade | m2 | 65,00 |
| Total for section 1, including VAT 18%: | 90,00 | ||
| Section 2. Materials of illegal armed groups | |||
| Item no. | Name | Unit Change | Price per unit of measurement, ₽. |
| 2.1 | ESTIMA porcelain tiles, taking into account cutting costs of 6% | m2 | 730,00 |
| 2.2 | Substructure kit made of galvanized steel (vertical design). | m2 | 740,00 |
| 2.3 | Rockwool VentiButts insulation boards H 100 mm. (Expense coefficient 1.06) | m2 | 406,00 |
| 2.4 | Insulation boards Pen-roll Techno Nicole 100 mm. ( upper layer, coefficient Expenses 1.06) | m2 | 238,00 |
| 2.5 | Facade dowel for fastening 100 mm insulation boards. | PC | 6,90 |
| 2.6 | Facade dowel for fastening insulation boards, pen-roll Techno Nicole 100 mm | PC | 6,90 |
| 2.7 | Window frames (reflections and slopes) made of galvanized steel 0.5 mm, painted according to the RAL catalog | m.p. | 310,00 |
| 2,10 | Parapet covers made of galvanized steel 0.7 mm, up to 900 mm in size, painted according to RAL | m.p. | 780,00 |
| 2,11 | Substructure for parapet covers (set with fasteners) | m.p. | 280,00 |
| 2,12 | Delivery of materials to the site (%) | % | |
| Total for section 2, including VAT 18%: | 2114,00 | ||
| Section 3. Scaffolding means, Consumables for the execution of work | |||
| Item no. | Name | Unit Change | Price per unit of measurement, ₽. |
| 3.1. | Rental of construction cradles ZLP-630 | months | 180 000,00 |
| 3.2 | Depreciation manual equipment | m2 | 60,00 |
| Total for section 3, including VAT 18%: | 180 060,00 | ||
| Section 4. Installation work | |||
| Item no. | Name | Unit Change | Price per unit of measurement, ₽. |
| 4.1 | Installation and dismantling of construction cradles | m2 | 80,00 |
| 4.2 | Marking, installation of brackets | m2 | 210,00 |
| 4.3 | Installation of insulation boards | m2 | 290,00 |
| 4.4 | Installation and adjustment of system guides | m2 | 430,00 |
| 4.5 | Installation of window frames (window sills and slopes made of galvanized steel). | m.p. | 280,00 |
| 4.7 | Adjustment and installation of porcelain stoneware slabs | m2 | 510,00 |
| 4.8 | Installation of parapet covers on the subsystem | m.p. | 680,00 |
| Total for section 4, including VAT 18%: | 1520,00 | ||
| TOTAL PER m2 (without slopes): | 3 957,36 | ||
| TOTAL per m2, taking into account slopes and ebbs: | 4 247,07 | ||
A ventilated facade is a special type of suspended ventilated structure, which consists of special facing materials. Such a facade is mounted on a stainless, steel or aluminum frame to a wall or load-bearing floor. Air passes and circulates freely between the layer of cladding material and the wall, which ensures the absence of moisture and condensation on the surface of the building.
This façade system helps to retain heat in the house and eliminates dampness in the room. Thanks to the air gap, the heat transfer of the object is reduced.
Installing a ventilated façade significantly reduces the amount of building material required for the building. This significantly saves money on wall construction. Also, installing a ventilated façade significantly simplifies the entire structure, making it possible to build a larger number of floors. And the ability to install various façade cladding panels helps create classic and modern architectural designs.
Types of ventilated facades
Today on the construction market there is a huge variety of types of hinged ventilated facades.
The most popular are the following options:
- . This is one of the most durable and durable materials used in this area. Porcelain tiles are highly resistant to precipitation and sunlight. The service life of the building is significantly increased.
- Ventilated facades made of HPL panels. An extremely popular type of finishing. HPL panels are made from compressed paper-laminated plastic. Each layer is pressed under very high pressure. Thanks to this, the panel becomes very durable, which is also used as an anti-vandal material.
- Ventilated facades made of terracotta panels. They are made from specially treated pure terracotta. This material is mainly used for finishing premium buildings.
- . Their production uses typical Russian raw materials - cement, mineral fillers, cellulose. This material gives the facade an ultra-modern look. Provides good heat and sound insulation.
- . One of the best options for cladding. Metal cassettes are absolutely non-flammable.
- . Granite is most often used for these purposes. Quite a complex and expensive type of finishing. When processing stone, chips often occur on the panels, which is unacceptable when installing a ventilated curtain wall. Since chips reduce the load-bearing capacity of the fastening areas to zero. The stone is attached in a hidden way. Special cuts are made at the ends of the slabs, into which clamps (clamps) or fastening strips are inserted. Fastening elements must be made of aluminum or steel (stainless).
- . Such glazing allows you to achieve high heat and sound insulation properties, as well as aesthetic beauty. Translucent systems are extremely popular all over the world.
- Ventilated facades made of glass panels. Durable tempered glass is used in production, which has high performance characteristics.
- . The panels have a multilayer structure: a homogeneous filler between two sheets of aluminum. To attach the filler, a heavy-duty adhesive composition is used.
- Ventilated planken facades. Planken is a facade board. This facade looks very beautiful. In addition, wood is an environmentally friendly material. When creating boards, wood of various species is used: larch, merbau, ash, meranti, sucupira, American thermal oak. Planken is often used to decorate country cottages.
- Ventilated facades made of copper panels. Such panels are very strong, flexible and durable. They are resistant to various types of damage. In Russia, such ventilated facades are quite popular.
Advantages of this design
Ventilated curtain facades have the following advantages:
- This design can be quickly and easily installed at any time of the year.
- Ventilated facade systems are resistant to any atmospheric influences: sun, snow, rain, hail.
- Ventilated facades have high soundproofing and thermal insulation characteristics.
- During construction, you can bring to life any architectural and design ideas and use a wide range of materials for cladding: composite, brick, porcelain stoneware, planken (wooden facade board), aluminum sheet, a natural stone, lath profile, fiber cement and asbestos cement sheets.
- Reducing financial costs for heating the facility.
- Possibility of using a wide range of color combinations.
- When using insulation, the “dew point” is moved beyond the load-bearing wall of the object.
- This design is durable. For 50 years, the ventilated facade does not need to be repaired (if everything was installed correctly during construction).
Construction of a ventilated curtain façade (structure)
The ventilated facade consists of several layers, like a pie. In this case, the system can be installed either with or without insulation. If it is necessary to additionally insulate the walls, then mineral wool insulation is attached to the surface of the house.
For the base, insulation based on polystyrene foam (extruded) is most often used; it does not absorb moisture and does not allow it to pass through. The gap between the surface of the insulation and the facade must be at least 40 mm. In some 
In cases, it is possible to set a gap of 20 or 50 mm, but this depends on the region and type of facade. Thanks to this gap, the air, with its ascending currents, dries out the moisture that has fallen on the surface of the mineral wool or expanded polystyrene.
In order to prevent warm air from blowing out of the insulation layer, it can be covered with a special film - a vapor-tight, windproof membrane.
Regardless of the presence of insulation, the system that holds the entire structure is first attached to the wall. Next, the insulation is attached (if necessary). Then it is important to properly maintain the ventilation gap and install the outer layer of cladding made of porcelain stoneware, panels, glass, etc.
Installation of a system of suspended ventilated facades
- The brackets are installed first. They are attached to the wall using dowels or anchors. They are selected based on the size and weight of the structure. To eliminate the possibility of “cold bridges” occurring between the metal and the wall, special gaskets (most often made of paronite or plastic) are installed.
- Next, the insulation is attached to the wall using flexible connections or disc-shaped dowels. A windproof film is installed on top. Some types of insulation are produced directly with such a membrane. Which makes the work much easier.
- Now after complying air gap guides are attached. The frame consists of horizontal lintels and vertical posts. The guides must be level. The frame is connected using special rivets. The pitch between the guides depends on the size of the cladding panel.
- Next, the facing panel is installed. The gap between them may vary depending on the design and design of the building. Installation of facing material depends on the type of structure. The panels can be installed on special corners, clamps, and slides.
Video instructions for ventilation façade installation technology.
Curtain facade systems or ventilated facade systems– a design that provides thermal protection, protection from climatic and man-made influences. Facade systems consist of:
- Supporting structure made of stainless and galvanized steel, coated with polymers;
- Insulation, which increases the thermal protection and sound insulation of the room, giving additional strength to the walls;
- Cladding made from various modern finishing materials.
Scope of application of ventilated facades
- SVF are often used in the reconstruction and construction of buildings
- Facade works;
- Cladding of various buildings, business centers, sports and entertainment facilities, as well as commercial buildings.
- The high characteristics of ventilated facades have secured them a leading position in the market for energy-efficient types of home finishing.
Positive qualities of ventilated facades.
Ventilated facades have a number of significant positive qualities, which include:
- Increasing the soundproofing, thermal insulation, and strength properties of the structure;
- Long-term operation (at least 50 years) without the need for restoration and repair;
- Compliance with fire safety requirements;
- Installation at any time of the year.
Nowadays, innovative Construction Materials, which help to create not only a spectacular appearance of the building, but also significantly increase the life of its high-quality operation. Such innovations may include finishing houses with ventilated facades, which is often used in the construction of new buildings and reconstruction of old ones.
Advantages of ventilated facades
The ventilated facade system is being used increasingly in private construction. This is due to the presence of a lot of advantages in this type of façade finishing:
It is worth remembering that these positive aspects in ventilation can only be present when using high-quality materials with the right characteristics vapor barrier, frost resistance, waterproofing and thickness.
Ventilated façade design
This type of ventilated system for finishing the facade of a building consists of several components, which should be discussed in detail.
Technical components of the structure
Each façade system has its own structural components, which require the use of appropriate fasteners. Thanks to such elements, the ventilated facade becomes as durable and reliable as possible. The choice of technology for determining technical components depends on the specific installation option of the system. The following types of nodes are standard for such a facade:
- Attachment point to load-bearing wall. It is performed using a bracket on which the system is mounted to the surface.
- Unit for attaching profiles to ready-made brackets.
- Unit for mounting slopes of a ventilated facade. This system is similar to framing door and window openings in a house.
- Knots for fixing the facade at the corners of the building. For this, special hardware is used corner type and racks.
- Base-type units, the location of which is at the bottom and top of the walls.
Insulation and subsystem brackets
Insulation is the layer closest to the wall, due to which sound insulation and thermal insulation qualities façade design. On this moment V construction stores A huge number of insulation materials are offered, but not all types are suitable for creating a ventilated facade.
The main indicator when choosing insulation for a ventilated facade is vapor permeability, which helps remove moisture from the wall structure. This indicator is observed for glass wool or mineral wool with high strength values, about 60 kg per 1 cubic meter. meter. For example, materials such as expanded polystyrene and polystyrene have a negligible amount of vapor permeability, and therefore are completely unsuitable for creating a ventilated façade. The thickness of the insulation used is calculated depending on the climatic conditions of a particular region and can range between 4 and 20 cm.
The insulation is glued to the wall using a special mineral compound or secured with dowels. For greater reliability, these two methods are often combined. In this case, glue is applied to the surface of the slab, and it is reinforced with dowels in the corners. The length of dowels in a ventilated facade is used from 70 to 250 mm with a plastic or metal core.
Important! The insulation is strung on special brackets, onto which the profile of the ventilated facade system is subsequently attached.
Vapor-permeable membrane
Next integral part The ventilated facade is a two- or three-layer membrane. It must have a sufficient level of vapor permeability. It is better if this indicator is the same as that of the insulation used previously. Such a membrane performs the function of protecting against moisture from entering the insulation and allows it to be removed in a gaseous state from the side of the insulation.
Air gap
After strengthening the membrane, it is imperative to create an air gap, since this is the main idea of creating a ventilated façade. Thanks to it, the air flow will circulate from bottom to top between the layer of insulation and cladding. Due to this, moisture will be efficiently removed from the internal space of the facade. Circulation is carried out by changing pressure in a natural mode, thanks to the presence of special slots at the bottom and top.
The thickness of the air gap is calculated in each case individually using special formulas. But its minimum value for a ventilated facade is 4 cm. If the distance between the insulation and the cladding is more than 12 cm, then there may be a hum when air passes through.
System frame
The lathing system allows you to securely fasten the ventilated façade to the building. It is made of metal or wood. The first material is more durable and reliable, but also costs much more. In new construction with ventilated facades, aluminum, galvanized or stainless steel elements. Wood is light in weight and easy to process, but its main disadvantages are its susceptibility to burning and rotting.
Because metal carcass is expensive, in some cases it is justified to use a wooden one to create a ventilated facade. For example, it is best to equip frame-panel buildings with a wooden ventilation system frame, following the advice of experienced builders and architects. The cost of such a design, of course, will be lower than that of metal parts, but regarding strength and durability, we can say that timber is significantly inferior even to aluminum. To get closer to optimal characteristics, wooden sheathing Before installation on the facade, it must be treated with special compounds.
The subsystem is attached to the wall of the building different ways: horizontal, vertical or mixed. More rational option is the second, as it contributes to better quality natural circulation air and requires less material, in contrast to the combined method.
The system is attached to the wall or interfloor ceilings houses. The second option is chosen if there are doubts about bearing capacity walls For installation, various fasteners are used, which are used depending on the chosen type of fastening - closed or open. The open version involves installation with clamps and rivets, and the closed version with hidden clamps, pins or clips.
Facade facing layer
The last detail of a ventilated façade is the cladding. It is this that determines the appearance and cost of the structure. We will dwell on this element in more detail and consider all possible options.
Siding
Facade finishing with metal or plastic siding is now at the peak of popularity due to its low cost. The second option is more common, since manufacturers offer a huge range of this material and many additional elements for decoration.
The advantages of this type of ventilated facade finishing are durability, fire resistance, no need for constant maintenance, and ease of installation.
A more expensive material for finishing the facade is aluminum or steel siding, but it is not widely used, since its cost is much higher. This material is a product made of galvanized steel with rounded corners. Such cassettes are available in a variety of colors, among which you can easily choose the desired shade for the facade.
During the entire service life, the design of metal cassettes will look original on the facades and will not lose its appearance over time. In addition, this material allows all dirt and dust to come off the facade coating naturally during precipitation.
Porcelain tiles
This finishing option refers to durable, functional and pleasant-looking materials. It is available for execution by both private developers and organizations. Porcelain tiles are artificial material, which is produced in the form of slabs and can be cut to any size during the construction of the facade. Due to the fact that porcelain stoneware has low porosity, it is quite durable and wear-resistant. The material is made in any color range and is distinguished by a textured wood pattern on the front surface.
Fiber cement board
The slabs are made from a mixture of cement, fiber, mineral fillers and special additives. Fiber is fibers obtained from basalt or cellulose, thanks to which the material acquires reinforcing properties. The slabs are excellent for facade cladding, as they have high wear resistance. In addition, fiber cement boards meet the requirements for sound and heat insulation, are not subject to rotting and biological effects, and are resistant to ultraviolet radiation. A private developer can easily afford such material for organizing ventilated facades due to its low cost.
Glass slabs
This finishing material, as a rule, finds its application in the construction of modern houses or office buildings. Unlike others, glass is permeable a large number of light into the building.
Such plates are made from a tempered type of glass and are highly reliable. It is quite difficult to install such material on the facade with your own hands.
A variation on the theme of glass finishing can be solar panels. But their use as a facade is valuable in those climatic conditions where the number of cloudless days per year is maximum.
Agglomerate granite tiles
In terms of its strength characteristics, this tile is several times superior to the previously listed facing materials and even natural granite. This is new construction market made by pressing from granite and marble chips with the addition of cement. But the cost of such facade cladding will be high.
Composite panels
This facing material is now a fairly common design option for a ventilated facade. It is made from several substances with different properties, for example, aluminum in combination with polymers various types. The result is panels of unique quality that are light in weight, non-corrosive, flexible and able to withstand severe impacts and loads.
Important! Composite panels are a self-cleaning material, making them suitable for decorating the façade of multi-storey buildings.
A natural stone
Like any other natural material, stone is expensive and heavy, which can make its installation on ventilated facades difficult. But such material no longer has disadvantages during operation.
Installation of a ventilated facade
When working with large buildings, all actions to create a ventilated facade are carried out only by qualified workers. In the case of cladding a private house, the work can be done with your own hands, but in strict accordance with the algorithm.
The first stage is marking, which is carried out according to a pre-prepared plan. Next, installation of the ventilated system is carried out in the following order:
Conclusion
Among various options design of building facades, ventilated structures are leaders. This is largely due to the use of a high-quality combination of materials to perform such cladding. The cost of structures, as a rule, differs greatly from similar ones. But such quality characteristics, which are observed near the building, are difficult to obtain with other design options. Ventilated facades come out ahead not only in terms of decorative and strength indicators, but also in terms of ease of maintenance, which reduces operating costs.
