The heating system must provide uniform heating of all rooms. If the temperature drops in radiators or risers, then circulation is often the cause. For efficient operation of the heating network and comfortable climatic conditions in housing, there must be free circulation of the coolant through the main. This should be taken care of at the design stage. Why there is no circulation of the coolant in the riser and line and what needs to be done, you should know thoroughly in order to quickly eliminate this problem in the future.

The circulation of water in the system is disrupted due to complete or partial blockage in the riser or in the connection to the heating device, airing of the line, freezing of the network, errors in pipe laying. It also leads to misregulation of the central heating system and the appearance of coolant leaks.

Poor pump performance

The purpose of the pump is to maintain the required water pressure in the heating circuit. A well-functioning pump must meet the following requirements:

• Required indicator of work productivity;
• pressure;
• Instrument pressure;
• Compliance with the type of liquid;
• Compliance with the diameter of the pipes;
• Dimensions of the device in accordance with the length of the line.

What to consider when choosing a pump

The pump must be able to handle its load. But it is necessary to take into account whether it will work constantly or will turn on only to feed the heating system and adjust the pressure. This should be taken into account when choosing the power of the pump. For a pump that runs continuously, it is important to consider the power consumption figure.

If you choose the pump incorrectly, then it will not “push” the coolant well, and as a result, the battery warms up unevenly, and the pump itself may burn out from overheating. Poor water circulation will also be noted if the diameter of the components to be connected to the system is incorrectly selected.

When the pump is selected correctly, the heating system functions reliably and fully, and the movement of water is unhindered.

If there are difficulties with choosing a pump, then it is better to contact specialists, they will help you choose the right device for a particular heating system.

Incorrectly selected pipe diameter

This is also one of the common causes of poor water circulation in the heating mains. It is necessary to choose the diameter of the pipes at the design stage.

First of all, it must be taken into account that for different heating systems there are rules by which pipes are selected.

If the heating network is supplied to the central heating main, then the diameter of the pipes is chosen similarly to the apartment heating system. For autonomous heating, such diameters may differ. It all depends on whether there is a circulation pump in the system or work will be carried out due to the natural circulation of water.

The choice is also influenced by:

• Pipe production material;
• Type of coolant used;
• Specific features of the wiring of the heating main;
• Planned pressure in the system;
• The speed of movement of water along the highway.

Important! When calculating the diameter, the type of pipes must be taken into account, because the measurement system differs based on the material of manufacture. Steel and cast iron products are marked taking into account the inner diameter, and copper materials according to the outer section. This must be taken into account when planning the pipeline, where several different materials are combined in the line.

Clogged system

As already noted, if there is no water circulation in the riser and heating system, then the problem may be in the debris accumulated in the system. A coarse filter will help get rid of it.

Dirt that has entered the pipes is easier to remove by catching it in the filter. First of all, the pump is protected by such a filter. It is also recommended to install a filter at the boiler inlet. Such a water filter should be placed in front of each plumbing fixture. When installing the device, pay attention to the filter housing. It has an arrow that indicates which side to install the filter, depending on the direction of movement of the coolant.

The filter should be cleaned regularly. To do this, it is necessary to turn off the water, unscrew the cork, remove the mesh, rinse it, put it in place and screw the cork back, after which you can open the taps.

Advice! To prevent clogging of the pipeline, during installation it is necessary to control that there is no debris in the pipes; for this, the ends are covered in the pipes. It is also necessary to check the radiators, as new products may contain factory shavings or other debris.

Airiness of the heating system

If the installation of the line is performed in violation of the rules, then air jams are formed. They block the flow of water. To quickly solve such a problem, air vents or a Mayevsky crane are installed. For the central system, where a lot of air accumulates, Mayevsky automatic cranes are used. The air is quickly removed and the movement of the coolant through the network is restored.

These devices not only improve the circulation of the coolant through the central heating line, but also reduce heating costs.

check valves

Often, for normal circulation in the network, some pumps are not enough, then check valves are installed. In this case, each circuit can work independently of the others. Even in a branched radiator system with several circuits, where there are several pumps, it is better to install check valves. Don't skimp on installing them.

The absence of these mechanisms leads to the fact that the movement of water in the system slows down. This happens in situations where a network with several circuits is laid. In order for warm water to flow along such a circuit where the pump operates, and its movement occurs in the right direction, check valves are used. These elements are not always set, but only in situations where there are no other technical solutions. This is explained by the fact that these elements create high hydraulic resistance, depending on the design. Therefore, the installation of these valves in systems with natural circulation has its limitations, and the reason for the limitations is the low water pressure in the line.

The actuator in the product is a spring that closes the shutter when the normal operating conditions of the heating network change. For systems with different operating parameters, products with appropriate spring elasticity and massiveness are selected. Valves are a very important element, they ensure trouble-free operation of the central heating system, increase the efficiency of all equipment and improve circulation.

Leaks in the system

If the system does not have good water circulation, there may be a leak in some areas. As a result of a leak, the network does not work correctly, the water movement is poor and the boiler starts to malfunction.

The first thing to do is to find "weak" places. Leaks occur in places where connections have become loose due to corrosive damage, or poor system installation is the cause. If the network is mounted openly, then it is not difficult to check. All such damages are determined quickly and easily. And to inspect a closed highway, you will have to call a specialist.

If a problematic place is found, then it is necessary:

• Tighten loose connections and rewind with sealing tape or tow;
• Replace worn out nodes;
• Cut and replace damaged pipe sections.

Sometimes the heating system works intermittently, which causes the house to cool down and its residents to freeze. If in the warm season there is time for repairs, then in winter it is necessary to identify the breakdown as soon as possible. Usually the reasons that there is no circulation in the heating system are unknown to the layman. But after getting acquainted with some of the characteristics of the equipment and recommendations for its repair, the owner of the house will be able to fix the problem on his own.

• Show all

  Signs of breakdowns

  If the room does not warm up enough in winter, then it is felt immediately. The lack of heating is manifested not only by the discomfort of the residents. The walls are covered with mold and fungus, the rooms smell of dampness, and strange noises are heard in the pipelines.

  Problems may be accompanied by some symptoms:

  • poor functioning of the system;
  • heat is supplied unevenly throughout the room;
  • cold batteries in the rooms;
  • if underfloor heating is installed, they heat up in places;
  • gurgling and metallic clanging is constantly heard from the pipes;
  • coolant flows out of the radiators.

  If several of these signs occur, then it is necessary to identify the cause of the breakdown and eliminate it. Otherwise, the system will function even worse.

  

  Causes of problems

  Most residents of private houses and apartments do not consider it necessary to understand the engineering design of the heating system. The solution of all problems that arise with the central structure, they assign to the employees of the relevant services. Although it is really better to entrust repairs to qualified specialists, you need to learn how to deal with minor breakdowns on your own, because sometimes they can be fixed at home.

  
  

  Such knowledge is indispensable for the owners of private houses and cottages, where the entire system is under the control of one person. The owner must know at least the general design of the equipment and be able to identify minor problems.

  The main reasons why there is no circulation in the heating system:

  • incorrect design;
  • non-compliance of equipment with design requirements;
  • imbalance due to unauthorized connections;
  • poor-quality installation;
  • the formation of air congestion;
  • improper installation of radiators;
  • pipeline damage;
  • violation of tightness in seams and joints.

  Each cause must be considered separately, because it is accompanied by different consequences.

  

  Mistaken Design

  Before installing the system, the master or the owner of the house himself draws up an engineering project. All calculations and measurements must be carried out very carefully, since the slightest mistake can lead to equipment malfunctions. This takes into account the layout of the house, its area, the number of radiators, the climatic conditions of the region, the presence or absence of other heating systems and heaters.

  You can't skimp on a quality project. Otherwise, when starting the equipment, several batteries may be left unconnected or water will flow out of the pipelines. Then you have to turn off the entire system and design it again, again making calculations and creating drawings and diagrams.

  Specialists who should be entrusted with this painstaking and hard work take into account all the factors affecting the normal functioning and reliability of heating units. Be sure to plan the slope of the vertical and horizontal sections of the pipeline. The technical parameters of the equipment itself can be found in the documents attached to it. The optimal boiler performance should be at least 1 kW for every 10 square meters of room area with 3 m high ceilings.

  Heating system with natural circulation without pump and electricity

  

  Poor quality equipment

  Due to the wide range of heating boilers and the variety of models, manufacturers, the buyer can easily make a mistake in choosing the right unit. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the approved project. All parts and elements of equipment must comply with its requirements.

  It is according to the plan that they acquire a certain type of radiators with a suitable number of sections in them. Shut-off valves, adjusting elements and connecting assemblies must be mutually compatible.

  Most often, problems occur due to insufficient circulation of the coolant through the pipes. Special pumps can enhance the movement of water, but they must be chosen carefully, otherwise the devices will become a source of hum and noise. Additionally, they replace old iron pipes with modern products made of metal-plastic or polypropylene. This will avoid some problems in certain heating systems.

  Plastic pipelines are easy to install and connect to the boiler, but it is better to entrust this work to the master. After all, not all types of plastic are suitable for use in heating equipment, some models do not withstand high temperatures and burst under their influence.

  Unbalance and installation

  Another reason why water does not circulate in the heating system is an incorrect imbalance during the repair or redevelopment of the apartment. This is affected by the uncontrolled installation of new radiators and underfloor heating.

  
  

  Batteries on some floors continue to function normally, on others they will remain cold, since they do not receive coolant. Although the masters will easily balance the distribution of water across all risers, the system will not work in several apartments.

  If some tenants removed the thermostats when replacing heating equipment, then heat will not flow into their neighbors' dwelling. To eliminate this problem, it is necessary to eliminate the thermostats in all apartments. You can increase the heat supply if you follow the example and also replace all the radiators. Bimetallic or aluminum batteries will harmoniously fit into modern heating systems. You must first obtain permission to replace devices, since you cannot do this yourself.

  In a private house, batteries located closer to the boiler heat up more than others. To restore balance, you need to close the adjustment valves and limit the access of the coolant to nearby radiators. But sometimes a new battery does not heat up. If the whole system worked fine before its installation, then the problem lies in improper installation. When welding several polypropylene pipes, the master overheated the product, due to which its inner diameter decreased. The specialist must redo all the work for free. All structural elements must be securely and efficiently fastened.

  Gravity heating system in the house

  Air locks

  Cold batteries are usually caused by air preventing water from flowing freely.

  Air lock is formed for several reasons.:

  

  Oxygen bubbles accumulate in one of the batteries or at the top of the heating system. Because of this, the lower part of the radiators will be hot, and the second half cold. And also during the operation of the equipment there are gurgling sounds. In multi-storey buildings in the uppermost apartments, the boilers completely stop working.

  To eliminate this problem, automatic air vents are used. It is necessary to install them at once in several problematic places, where the air will be periodically bled. You can mount an expansion tank in the attic through which excess oxygen will escape, or purchase a circulation pump.

  Air lock is a problem for the heating system

  Problem with radiators and leaking pipes

  Preliminary calculations will help private homeowners install new batteries without errors. Incorrect placement of the element will lead to its inefficient operation. Therefore, it is better to use reliable fasteners: four brackets will allow you to hang the radiator better than two parts. The lower edge must be raised on the floor surface by 10 cm, and between the battery itself and the wall there should be a space of 2-3 centimeters.

  
  

  In old apartment buildings, many pipes have long since expired. Therefore they can cause accidents and reduce the level of heat. Microelements contained in the coolant are deposited inside the pipelines. They impede the normal circulation of water. The correct solution would be to replace the products, but this is not always possible.

  Scale layers form on the inner surface of the boiler, which reduces the pressure in the system. This problem leads to the use of hard water, saturated with minerals and salts. Special reagents must be added to the equipment, which soften the qualities of the coolant.

  Corroded or improperly connected pipes cause leakage. If it is located in a prominent area, then it is easy to seal the hole with sealants. It is more difficult to deal with a problem hidden in a wall or floor. In this case, you will have to cut off the entire branch, fix the problem and mount a new section. In addition to sealants, you can use special parts to clamp the pipeline, corresponding to its diameter. If it is not possible to purchase such devices, then it is enough to make a clamp. The place of leakage is covered with a piece of soft rubber and tightly fixed with wire.

  If a leak is detected on the radiator or its junction with the pipe, the hole is wrapped with a strip of fabric, after soaking it in construction moisture-resistant glue. Sometimes cold welding is used. To avoid such problems, before the start of the heating season, the entire system is inspected for damage. Be sure to start the boiler and check the quality and reliability of its work.

  Often there is no circulation in the heating system. What to do in this case - the owner of the house decides. It is advisable to call a specialist who will quickly and efficiently carry out all repairs. You need to take preventive measures on your own to keep the equipment in working mode.

• violation of the technology of filling the system with water after the summer period;
• non-compliance with the mode of deaeration of water;
• repair with disassembly of pipelines;
• non-observance of slopes during the installation of the heating system;
• air leaks through leaky joints.

To remove air from the system, a Mayevsky crane is used, mounted on a radiator. You should open it, wait until the air comes out, the hissing stops, the water begins to pour out calmly without bubbles. After that, the valve is closed. Do not forget to substitute a container for draining water or a towel.

There are no Mayevsky cranes in old cast-iron batteries. The air is released without completely unscrewing the plugs at the ends of the radiators. It is better to entrust this operation to plumbers - if you unscrew the plug completely, you can flood the apartment.

Valve failures

The valves may be in the closed position, the control devices may be incorrectly adjusted. Faulty shut-off valves are not ruled out. If the riser is hot and the batteries are cold, the position of the valves should be checked - they should be open at the inlets to the radiators, and closed at the jumper between the supply and drain.

Over time, valve parts become covered with scale and dirt. There are leaks or the valve does not turn at all. The audit of the crane with the cleaning of parts from deposits will help. The cardinal solution to the problem is the complete replacement of the entire device or valve head.

blockage

When the system is clogged, pipes and radiators are completely or partially clogged with various deposits. A sign of clogging is dirty water from the Mayevsky tap. Scale on the internal surfaces of radiators has heat-insulating properties and reduces the heat transfer of heating devices. To clean their batteries:

• remove;
• dismantled into sections;
• placed in a bath on a soft bed;
• washed with a stream of water under pressure;
• fill with a solution of vinegar or soda ash;
• perform a re-wash;
• collect and install.

Special equipment is required to clean contaminated pipes. This work should be entrusted to specialists.

Insufficient pressure in the system and low coolant temperature

When the risers are slightly warm, the coolant is at a low temperature or is supplied under insufficient pressure. The reasons may be:

• actions of neighbors to "improve" the heating system (exceeding the calculated diameter of pipes, the number of radiator sections, changing the connection scheme, installing water-heated floors);
• incorrect position of valves in heat supply networks;
• poor performance of the boiler.

In any of the cases described, it is impossible to cope with the problem on your own - you should contact the management company.

Incorrect setting of the heating system

A sign of an incorrect setting of the heating system is the different temperature of the batteries connected to the same riser. Most of the coolant enters one radiator, the other remains cold. To eliminate the malfunction, open the valve more on a cold battery and close it a little on a hot one. If there is no change, the cold radiator is probably clogged.

Malfunctions of heating in private houses

Autonomous heating systems of private houses have their own characteristics and specific faults are inherent in them.

Boiler malfunctions

Most often, there are problems associated with the incorrect operation of the built-in automation system. If it is not possible to adjust the automation on your own, contact a company that provides service for boilers of this type.

The automation system will not allow the boiler to turn on if there is insufficient draft (the chimney is clogged with soot), low pressure in the system. To eliminate the causes, clean the chimney, check the water level in the expansion tank and the operation of the circulation pumps.

Another cause of problems is insufficient boiler power. Sign - automation does not turn off the boiler, it works constantly. The remedy is to replace the boiler with a more powerful one.

Wrong choice of heating system

Single-pipe heating systems are cheaper than two-pipe ones, but are only suitable for heating small houses. The last battery from the boiler will be colder than the previous ones. This problem can be eliminated only by replacing the system with a two-pipe one.

The rest of the problems are similar to the malfunctions of the heating systems of apartment buildings and are discussed above.

Prevention of heating problems

Preventive work should be carried out in the summer. It is better to combine them with major or current repairs. For the heating system to work properly, you need:

• analyze the work of heating in the previous winter, find weaknesses;
• check the operation of shut-off valves, repair or replace the faulty one;
• if there are no Mayevsky taps, valves for supplying coolant to heating devices, they should be installed;
• check the slopes of the supply pipes, eliminate violations, if this is not possible, install Mayevsky cranes in problem areas;
• flush or replace radiators that did not heat up enough during the previous heating period.

Prepare the heating system for operation in the summer and the probability of failures will decrease many times over.

Firstly, the presence of circulation pumps (H) for each circuit is mandatory. But this is not enough.

In order for the system to work as we want it: the boiler is separate, the radiators are separate, check valves (K) are needed:

Without non-return valves, let's say we turned on the boiler, however, the radiators "for no reason" began to warm up (and it's summer in the yard, we just needed hot water in the plumbing). Cause? The coolant went not only to the boiler circuit, which we now need, but also to the radiator circuits. And all because we saved on check valves that would not let the coolant through where it is not needed, but would allow each circuit to work independently of the others.

Even if we have a system without boilers and not combined (radiators + water heated floor), but “only” branched with several pumps, then we put check valves on each branch, the price of which is definitely less than reworking the system.

Coarse filter

As mentioned above, one of the reasons that there is no circulation of the coolant may be the accumulation of debris in the pipeline. In order to completely avoid this, again, we do not save on pennies, but put a coarse filter in front of each device:

With the help of a filter, it is easier to catch dirt than to correct the consequences of clogging of the pipeline or boiler heat exchangers.

Output! We put coarse filters in front of each device of the heating system (pump, boiler, etc.) and in front of each plumbing device. We DO NOT save pennies to "buy" problems. Arrows are embossed on the filter housing indicating the direction of movement of the coolant or water in the water supply ...

The filter needs to be cleaned regularly. And it is very simple to do this: close the valves before and after the filter - unscrew the plug (1) on the filter - remove and rinse the mesh under the tap - insert it into place and tighten the plug. Everything. Not like changing pipes :)

In order for the house to always be cozy and comfortable, you must first take care of the heating system. Indeed, in the cold season, the optimal room temperature not only creates normal living conditions, but also has a positive effect on human health. Currently, there are various ways to heat a house, but water heating has long been considered the most effective option to this day. Especially the heating system. With its help, you can create comfortable conditions in any house, regardless of its size and number of storeys.

The principle of operation of the heating system with forced circulation

To correctly understand how this scheme works, you must first understand the system with natural circulation. coolant is quite simple.

The coolant in the heating boiler picks up the required temperature and, according to the laws of physics, rises up the riser. Having reached the radiators, it leaves part of the thermal energy, so here the water temperature decreases.

Under the action of the newly incoming hot water, the chilled water gradually descends into the boiler, where it is heated again. And the whole cycle repeats again.

What are the disadvantages of this scheme, and why is it not so in demand? This scheme does not work well when the heating system has a one-pipe piping pattern. This is especially true for multi-storey buildings. In this case, there is an uneven distribution of heat over the radiators. The batteries closest to the boiler heat up more, and the distant ones less. In some rooms the temperature is higher, in others it is lower. And to prevent this from happening, it is necessary to build up sections on the radiators in the back rooms.

In addition, the amount of fuel consumed by the boiler in a natural circulation system is always greater than when a circulation pump is installed. And this is an important factor today.

If a two-pipe system is used, then these problems disappear by themselves.

Now it is clear that the low efficiency of such a system requires the installation of a pump in it. It increases the speed of movement of the coolant, and this, in turn, ensures a uniform distribution of hot water across all heating devices.

This system is safe.

Many may doubt the correct operation of such a system - after all, there is a possibility of mixing cold and hot water. That's right, such a possibility would exist if the coolant velocity were too high. But modern circulation pumps create a slight pressure, at which the speed of the water inside the heating system is practically no different from the natural one. There is a slight increase, but this in no way affects the mixing of water with different temperatures.

A very important point! The coolant under the action of the pump always moves in one direction, in which heat loss is minimal. And if you correctly regulate the speed of movement of the coolant, then you can control the amount of heat produced.

Advantages and disadvantages

So, the pump installed in the system provides it with a large number of advantages:

• For such a system, it makes no difference which pipes and with what diameter will be installed in it.
• In this case, inexpensive pipes with a smaller diameter can be used, which will save money.
• The absence of temperature difference increases the service life of the system components.
• It is possible to regulate the temperature in the system itself or in separate rooms of the house.

Of course, there are also disadvantages:

• Firstly, the pump is powered by an electric current network, and this, albeit small, but costs. In addition, in the event of a power outage, the pump also stops.
• Secondly, a small noise from the operation of the pumping unit. It is almost inaudible, but it is still present.

Heating schemes

Water heating

With forced circulation of the coolant, there are two types - one-pipe and two-pipe. The difference between them is quite significant. Here, not only the pipe layout differs, but also their number, as well as a set of shut-off, control and monitoring valves.

Single pipe heating system

Here, too, two options must be considered, because there is a horizontal and a vertical scheme.

The first option is very simple. All heating radiators are inserted into the network circuit in series. That is, the coolant from one device flows into another, followed by a return path to the boiler. Each device is equipped with Mayevsky taps, through which air is removed from the system, as well as taps or valves, with which you can cut off part of the system or one small section. The pump installed in such a scheme will be very relevant.

There is one point to which special attention must be paid. This scheme for a multi-storey building is used in variation, when each floor has its own separate branch from the riser.

The vertical layout is simplified. In it, the riser rises above the last floor, where the pipe is lowered to the upper floor and distributed along the radiators in a horizontal pattern from device to device. Further, the pipe descends to the floor below, where the horizontal wiring is repeated. And so on up to the first floor. Now you understand that the radiators of the first floor will always be cooled.

Two-pipe heating system

Drawing of a two-pipe heating system

In this scheme, there are also two types of wiring - horizontal and vertical. In turn, the horizontal scheme is divided into:

• dead end;
• Passing;
• Collector.

What are the differences between these three schemes?

The first is the simplest, but it is very difficult to control the temperature regime in it. Each radiator has its own circuit, and the farther the battery is from the boiler, the longer this circuit is.

In the second scheme, these circuits are the same, which makes it easy to control the process. But at the same time, the length of the pipeline itself increases.

But the third scheme is the most effective, because each radiator has its own separate pipeline, and the coolant is supplied through it. The uniformity of heat in this case is ensured. There is only one drawback - the large material costs for the purchase of a large amount of materials and considerable labor costs for installation work.

The vertical scheme is also divided into two types - with the lower wiring and with the upper one. The first option has a distinctive structural element - the coolant supply riser passes through all floors and enters the radiator at the top, from which there is a return. Through this pipe, water enters the lower floor, where it also enters the radiator immediately. And so on to the boiler. That is, in any room you will have two pipes.

More options for forced heating schemes

The second option is completely different. Here the riser rises vertically from the boiler to the attic, where pipes are routed to each radiator of the upper floor. And from them a pipe descends to the lower floor. This return line is suitable for the lower floor radiator as a coolant supply. That is, in each room you will always have one pipe connecting radiators on different floors.

As you can see, heating systems have different schemes. Choosing any of them, it is necessary to solve one very important question - how much money is allocated for the installation of heating in your home.

How to properly equip a forced circulation heating system

In order for the system to work for a long time, efficiently and without problems, it is necessary to correctly install some of its components:

1. A mandatory heating element is an expansion tank, which is connected to the return circuit. It is necessary because vaporization processes are constantly taking place in the system, and it must be replenished with water. In addition, sometimes when the coolant is overheated, its volume increases. And the presence of a tank prevents its release.
2. The circulation pump must be mounted in the return line. This is a simple necessity that helps to increase the life of the unit. The fact is that the design of the pump has rubber seals and cuffs. Under the influence of hot water, they change their properties. In the return, the water moves already cooled, so it does not affect the quality of the rubber elements.
3. Forced heating system makes it possible to use pipes with a minimum diameter. This not only reduces the cost of building a heating system, but also saves on the coolant, expansion tank and the boiler itself.
4. Install only modern heating boilers in such a system, with which you can control and regulate all processes. They are equipped with automation, and it will make it possible to use fuel efficiently, as well as to adjust the temperature inside the house, depending on various factors.

Choosing a circulation pump

Circulation pump

To choose the right pump, you need to take into account only two of its qualities. It should be:

• Energy saving.
• Simple and reliable in operation.

Indicators such as power and pressure are determined by the size of the house itself. For instance:

• The area of ​​the house is 250 square meters - choose a pump with a capacity of 3.5 cubic meters per hour and a pressure of 0.4 atmospheres.
• Area 250-350 cubic meters - power 4.5 cubic meters / h, pressure - 0.6 atm.
• Area 350-800 cubic meters - power 11 cubic meters / h, pressure - 0.8 atm.

Of course, it is difficult to say exactly which pump is best to use for a particular home. Here you have to make a calculation that only a specialist can perform. Indeed, for this it is necessary to take into account many factors.
This must include:

• The diameter of the pipes and the material from which they are made.
• The length of the entire system.
• The number of radiators, valves and other devices, as well as their type.
• The type of fuel on which the boiler will operate.

Glandless circulation pump for all water heating systems

As you can see, it is very difficult to take into account all the factors and make the calculation on your own, only a specialist can do it.

And the last. Often on the forums you can hear complaints from private developers that there is no circulation in the heating system. What to do?

There can be only one reason - these are air jams inside. To remove them, it is necessary to install Mayevsky taps on each radiator. This is an effective tool in combating the air that remains inside the system after it is filled with water. So you have to go broke and buy these devices.

By the way, at present such taps are produced with automatic air release. An excellent option in which there is no need to control the formation of air congestion.

Air in the heating system is a very bad moment for any heating system. How to deal with this phenomenon and why it happens, we will consider in detail in this article.

To begin with, let's say why airing the system is so bad:

• Deterioration of heat transfer due to voids in the coolant;
• Deterioration or complete lack of circulation in the heating system.

The cost of operating the system with air is very high and incurs large losses.

What causes air to enter the heating system

The reasons for airing the heating system can be very diverse, but the most common causes are:

• Repair work on risers, in which the system was depressurized;
• Complete drainage of water from the heating system;
• Violation of the integrity of the system.

During the summer scheduled preventive maintenance, various works are performed:

• Replacement of heating devices;
• Replacement of risers and locking mechanisms.

These works lead to depressurization of heating systems, as a result of which air enters it. The air in the system is dangerous not only for the reasons written just above, in addition to everything, the oxygen contained in the air mixture contributes to the accelerated wear of the system itself as a result of corrosion.

In the heating system, air can also appear due to the drainage of water from the first.

Drainage is performed for various purposes:

• Repair;
• washes;
• Crimping, etc.

An air lock in the heating system can also occur due to deformation and violation of the integrity of the system. In this case, air can occur through the deformed section of the pipeline.

But this is only in the case of individual heating without automatic feeding of the system. If in this case the heating is centralized, then there will be fistula and flooding.

The fight against air

How to remove air from the heating system is a very popular question for owners of private houses and residents of the upper floors.

Residents of high-rise buildings who live on the last upper floors suffer very much due to the air in the system. This is explained by the fact that air accumulates at the top in the heating system, because it is lighter than water.

But how can residents deal with this problem? The designers thought over the solution to this issue and on the last floors of each riser they designed a valve to bleed air from the heating system.

The latter is a fresh replacement for the old Mayevsky faucet, which you can see in the photo below and on the video on the Internet.

The fight against airing in private homes comes down to installing one mechanism - this mechanism is an air separator for heating.

Such a solution aimed at venting air can be found in all old-style residential apartment buildings.

In such houses, a heating system with a lower wiring was accepted for installation, which was connected to the heating network using an elevator.

During the operation of such a system, one significant drawback was revealed - the airing of the upper consumers. Such a problem led to a violation of the circulation of the entire heating system of the building and, as a result, the residents received poor-quality heating.

To solve this problem, mechanisms have been developed to deflate the system. A crane was used, which received the name of the person who found the solution to this problem - Mr. Mayevsky.

Such a tap can be put on any heating radiator. From the end of the battery, the collectors have deaf ends. The ends are muffled with futorks.

Instead of one upper futorka, it was decided to put a Mayevsky crane. It turns out that the tap was installed at the highest point of the entire heating system.

The use of such a crane gave a quick and positive result. People could bleed the air on their own and thereby bleed the air with their own hands. The installation instructions are freely available on the World Wide Web, and you can read this information yourself.

Advice. Do not overtighten the thread on the Mayevsky crane, as you can rip it off.

The disadvantage of such an air removal process is the need for personal air removal for each tenant. To avoid this, in practice, nozzles with shutoff valves are used, which are installed at the upper points of the system (on technical floors).

This solution allows the maintenance staff to bleed the air on their own and not burden the residents with this responsibility.

Air separators - this is another answer to the question "how to remove air from the heating system"?

The difference between the Mayevsky faucet and such a separator is that the first removes air accumulations from the highest points, and the second removes air that has dissolved in water.

The separator takes air, converts it into bubbles, and then removes it. These are the main differences.

Very often, such air separators are produced together with sludge separators, in one housing. The sludge separator traps various impurities: sand, rust and others. Such a symbiosis of air and sludge traps can save space during installation.

It is worth noting that the need for air separators increases with the size of the heating system. If in small heating systems the venting of the heating system

can be done manually by removing air and other impurities, then in a large system this becomes problematic.

Automatic air vent

This is a very useful mechanism that allows its owner not to think about how to expel air from the heating system. He will do everything himself.

Consider how it works thanks to the photo with its structure just below.

Principle of operation:

1. The coolant enters the housing, where the plastic float is located;
2. The float, thanks to the flag, presses on the rod, which is spring-loaded;
3. The access of air to the atmosphere is open, and it can go out;
4. The body is filled with water, and the float presses on the stem and closes the air outlet.

Note that it is for this type that the work of all air vents is arranged.

Such a mechanism is quite reliable and durable, but it also has breakdowns.

The main reasons for failure:

• Needle sticking. This is due to the poor quality of the coolant. As a result, hardness salts form on the needle, and it begins to leak and close poorly. This problem is easily solved: the cover is unscrewed, the needle and the rocker mechanism are cleaned;
• The sealing ring is failing. In this case, the coolant begins to drip from under the cover. With this option, replacing the gasket or winding the tow on the thread can help.

Results

After reading the article, it became obvious to you that removing air from the heating system is a very important and necessary process that cannot be neglected.

This article has provided you with options for solving this problem, each of the options is effective and is used in practice to this day. Which option you choose is your personal opinion, but we would advise you to consult with a specialist before making a decision.

It happens that the heating system stops working and forces the residents to freeze. Worst of all, when a problem with heating is detected during the winter cold. The reasons for the failure of the heat supply are different, and their essence is most often incomprehensible to a simple layman. But if you read our recommendations, it will be easy for you to recognize and fix problems in the heating system in order to protect your home from unpleasant surprises.

Signs of poor heating

When rooms are not heated enough in winter, it is felt immediately. Problems with heating in the apartment make themselves felt by discomfort for the inhabitants, the appearance of dampness on the walls and incomprehensible noises that spread through metal pipelines to the whole house.

Problems with the heating system can be characterized by a number of symptoms:

• the system as a whole is poorly functioning;
• the heat supply on different floors is not the same;
• radiators in one room are hot, in another barely warm;
• the "warm floor" system warms up unevenly;
• noise and seething in the pipes is heard;
• coolant leaks from pipes or radiators.

Causes of malfunctions in heating

Most residents of city apartments believe that they do not need to know the structure of engineering systems. Any central heating problems that appear in their high-rise building must be resolved by employees of the management company. And it is right. It is better if only one responsible owner will deal with all the affairs. Indeed, in an apartment building, problems with heating often arise precisely because of unauthorized interventions in the smooth functioning of the heating system.

But individual homeowners are forced to understand the problems with heating in a private house and keep the situation under their control. The owner of the house should at least in general terms know about the causes of problems and be able to fix them.

The following reasons can lead to problems with the heating system:

• the system is not designed correctly;
• equipment does not meet design requirements;
• the system is unbalanced due to unauthorized connections;
• installation was performed poorly;
• air plugs interfere with the circulation of the coolant;
• radiators installed incorrectly;
• pipelines have fallen into disrepair;
• connections are broken.

Let us consider in more detail each of these causes and ways to eliminate problems with heating in an apartment and in a private house.

Errors in the design of the heating system

The development of a heating system project must be given due attention so that in the future the problems of heating a private house do not poison everyday life. Attempts to save money on competent design turn into troubles. For example, when starting a fully assembled system, problems with heating radiators suddenly appear, some of which do not heat up. This means that the system was originally designed incorrectly and will have to be redone.

Design can only be entrusted to specialists who will take into account many factors. Among them: the layout of the house, the volume of heated rooms, the degree of heat loss, etc. It is also important to plan the required slope of the horizontal sections of pipelines. Also, the main technical parameters of the required equipment can be determined only on the basis of thermal engineering calculations.

For reliable heating of the house, the heating boiler must have a capacity of at least 1 kW for every 10 m² of premises with a ceiling height of up to 3 m.

Inappropriate home heating equipment

With the current wide range of heating equipment, it is easy to make a mistake and purchase the wrong one. To avoid problems in the heating system, it is necessary to focus on the compliance of all its elements with the approved project. You need to buy radiators only of the type and with the number of sections as planned. All piping fittings, control and shut-off valves must be mutually compatible.

Problems with heating in a private house often arise due to poor circulation. Circulation pumps help to increase the speed of movement of the coolant in the pipes. But you need to select the right pump model correctly so that noise in the pipes does not appear during its operation.

When arranging modern housing, more practical metal-plastic and polypropylene pipes are increasingly replacing old iron pipes. The absence of problems in each particular heating system will depend on their compliance with the specified project conditions. Although plastic pipes are lightweight and easy to assemble, it is better to entrust the specialist with the correct selection and subsequent installation of these products.

It is important to know that not all types of plastic pipes are suitable for heating systems. Some of them under the influence of hot water, some may be deformed or burst.

Unbalance of the heating system

Serious problems with heating in an apartment building arise when tenants start repairing and redevelopment of their apartments. Spontaneous, uncontrolled installation of new radiators and underfloor heating leads to an imbalance in the system. As a result, the circulation in the system is disturbed, on some floors the radiators are hot, and on others the residents are cold. The specialists of the management company can balance the distribution of the coolant over the risers, but problems with heating in individual apartments still remain.

If the neighbors have changed their heating appliances and removed the thermostats, then it is not surprising that water simply will not go through the pipes to your apartment. And it will be possible to solve such a problem with heating only by removing the thermostat also at home.

Another opportunity to really increase the flow of heat into your apartment is to follow the example of your neighbors and change the batteries. If you install aluminum or bimetallic instead of cast iron, their heat dissipation will be much better.

Unauthorized change of radiators is prohibited, you need to get permission!

The heating system can also be unbalanced in a private house. Then the radiators located closer to the boiler heat up more than the distant ones. You will have to restore the balance in this way: close the control valves and limit the flow of coolant flowing to the near radiators so that more heat flows to the far ones.

Poor installation of the heating system

It happens that a new, recently installed radiator does not want to heat up.

Others standing in the system before and after it heat up normally, but this one does not. The reason is poor circulation of the coolant. The reason for the problem with the heating radiator could be an oversight of the installer. Probably, when welding a polypropylene pipe, he overheated it too much, and as a result of melting, the inner diameter decreased. In such cases, the installer is obliged to redo his poor-quality work free of charge.

In order to avoid problems with the heating system, all pipes and fittings included in its composition must be a securely mounted structure.

Air pockets in heating

If the batteries do not heat in any of the rooms, it means that the air accumulated in the system prevents the free movement of the coolant. An air lock can form due to many reasons, among which we can mention the following:

• air enters when water is drained from the system and then refilled;
• oxygen is released from water when heated;
• a faulty expansion tank creates a local low pressure zone;
• air is sucked into the system through connections with broken tightness;
• air diffuses through the surfaces of the plastic pipes.

Air bubbles may accumulate either at the highest point of the piping system, or in only one of the radiators. Then the bottom of the battery will be hot, and the top will remain cold. The presence of air in the pipes also provokes the appearance of unpleasant gurgling sounds. Most often, heaters on the top floor of the building stop heating up.

The more complex the configuration of the heating system in your home, the slower it should be filled to avoid air pockets.

Due to air bubbles, not only does the heat supply through the piping system stop, but the corrosion of metal elements also begins. The smooth operation of the circulation pump is also disturbed.

The use of simple technical devices will help get rid of the problem of clogging the heating system with air traffic jams.

The most effective way to remove air from a closed heating system can be considered the use of automatic air vents. If they are mounted in several problem areas at once, then air from each group of system elements will be bled as it accumulates.

In addition to automatic, there are also manual air vents (Mayevsky crane). Such a device is installed at the end of the radiator, located on the highest of the floors. To learn how to use it, you can watch the video presented here.

How to bleed air through the Mayevsky tap

Depending on how the heating system is arranged, sometimes it is necessary to release it from the air through the expansion tank in the attic. The circulation pump is also able to help expel air congestion from the system.

Incorrectly installed heating radiators

The issue of proper installation of batteries is most relevant for private homeowners, since they themselves have to regulate the heating in their home. Self-replacement of radiators should be treated with responsibility, because their installation without preliminary calculations can add unnecessary problems to the heating system.

For example, the installation was done according to the instructions, and one of the radiators works at half strength. It turns out that it was skewed and the coolant cannot fill it entirely. And the reason is that a heavy multi-section radiator was hung on only two brackets, although it would be more reliable to use four. As a result, the metal structures caved in and the inner tubes deformed.

The reliability of the radiator also depends on its location. The lower edge of the battery should be raised 10 cm above the floor, there should be 2-3 cm of free space between the radiator and the wall.

Each radiator should hang on reliable brackets without sagging, backlash and distortions.

Reducing the clearance in old heating pipes

In the old "Khrushchev" problems in the heating system are obvious and predictable. There, the service life of the pipelines has expired long ago, and therefore they cause not only a decrease in heat, but also accidents. Over many decades, pipes become so clogged with deposits that they are unable to provide normal circulation. The decision should be cardinal - to replace all pipes.

In addition, a decrease in pressure in the system is caused by the formation of scale on the heat exchanger of the heating boiler. Such consequences lead to the use of too hard water. To prevent such a problem with heating devices, special reagents are added to the system to soften the water.

Heating pipe leak

The cause of interruptions in the heating network is often a leak caused by corrosion or poor-quality pipe connections. If the place of leakage is in plain sight, then the problem with heating in the apartment can be solved faster. It is bad if the connection is hidden in the thickness of the wall or in the floor. Then you have to cut off the entire leaking branch of the pipeline and mount a new one.

How to fix a leak if necessary? To do this, it is recommended to keep in stock simple plumbing devices for clamping pipes of the appropriate diameter. In extreme cases, you can make a homemade clamp: wrap a piece of soft rubber around the leak, and then tighten it tightly with wire.

If a leak is found at the junction of the radiator sections, you will have to bandage this area with a strip of cloth, which must first be impregnated with moisture-resistant glue. It is permissible to use a special sealant, "cold welding" and other means.

The proposed methods of dealing with the problem of heating system leakage are only temporary, and subsequently a major overhaul will be required.

In advance, before the start of the heating season, inspect all pipelines and radiators in the apartment for leaks. Owners of an autonomous heating system should test its performance in the fall.

Finally, we can advise: for all problems with heating in an apartment or in your private house, contact the specialists. Only they know how to properly design the system, install the boiler, piping and connecting radiators.

Do not save on the quality of the purchased equipment, so as not to spend money on re-repairs if a faucet bought on the cheap suddenly breaks and floods the room.

Learn to correctly identify the causes of heating problems and begin to eliminate them competently. In other words: think twice - repair once!