The Radiant Heat device is an open physical therapy system that provides temperature control and minimizes the effect of hypothermia on newborns. With the help of this device, babies are observed and examined in intensive care units in the first time after childbirth, as well as during the recovery period in cases of surgery. The heater also prevents a drop in the body temperature of a newly born baby.
Functional capabilities of the device "Radiant Heat"
Due to a wide range of functional features, this device is indispensable in maternity wards. The body temperature of small patients can be controlled both manually and fully automatically. In the latter case, the device independently generates the optimal temperature regime, based on data received from a special temperature sensor installed on the skin of the newborn.
With manual control, the output power of the device is set by the personnel. The big advantage of using a heating lamp for babies is complete independence from the rest of the unit during the procedure. The device can be easily moved in the clinic using four built-in wheels with brakes.
Has the ability to preheat. It allows the newborn to receive various procedures in a comfortable environment. The source of the projected heat is several ceramic heaters located in the upper block of the apparatus.
The built-in timer operates in two modes:
The Apgar-timer clearly records the time elapsed since birth and gives an assessment on the Apgar scale;
Timer for primary resuscitation manipulations.
The presence of two timer modes allows you to carry out physiotherapeutic procedures at a given time interval, depending on the nature of the purpose of the device. Allows you to more efficiently perform the heating function.
The heater also has:
Rotatable canopy system;
Easy-to-use clear display that allows the staff to set the required parameters and receive the necessary information about any changes in the baby's body temperature;
Mobile base on four wheels equipped with blocking stops;
Rotary shock absorbers for effortless opening of the side and front guardrails.
Additional options
The system can be completed with various accessories, for example, a system for ventilating the lungs (mechanical), a device for phototherapy procedures, a patient monitor, etc. intensive care units. Additional equipment is attached to the side using an integrated vertical rail.
The safety of the baby is ensured by a special alarm system that responds to changes in temperature conditions, as well as a sudden malfunction of the device. This function works with both manual and automatic modes.
In this article: Radiant Heating - 10,000 Years of History; the first radiant heating systems; Russian stove - generator of infrared rays; radiation heat of the human body; types of modern household radiant heating systems; at the end - the conditions under which radiant heating will be more profitable than convective heating.
Approximately 200 years ago, the heating systems of our houses began to be reborn, stoves and fireplaces, popular for thousands of years, were called archaisms, they were replaced by a water heating system that gives convective heat. Over the course of a century, a cross was put on the radiant heat, it was written off for scrap, but the studies of scientists carried out over the past half century show quite the opposite - the radiant heat surpasses convective heat in its characteristics, and in a number of characteristics. We propose to understand this issue and find out why radiant heating is better than convective heating.
The history of heating - from radiant to convective and ... again to radiant?
For thousands of years, the first and only source of heating in a human dwelling was a fire, and the method of heating itself was convective-beam. During the burning of a fire in a primitive stove, and after that, when the fire was smoldering, infrared rays emanated from the stone portal, and as a result of convection, the air in the room was heated. The obvious disadvantage of this heating method is that when a fire was burning, the dwelling was filled with flue gases, creating an unbearable atmosphere. Therefore, at the top of the roof of the houses, a chimney hole was made, through which hot smoke escaped along with heated air, the main stake was made on radiant heating, since its intensity did not depend on the degree of air heating.
Two thousand years ago, new heating systems were created, based on channels under the surface of stone floors, along which flue gases from melted stoves moved, heating the floors with their heat (hypocaust (Dr. Rome), gloria (Spain), ondol (Korea), dikan (China), etc.). The population of Europe, meanwhile, used a partially modified version of the fire - a cobblestone hearth heated in black. Only by the 15th century did the Europeans improve the stone hearth, bringing to it a chimney made of wood.
In the 17th century, the "Russian system" of heating was popular in the castle and palace complexes of Russia and Europe - the air intake shaft ran close to the furnace wall and along it, where the air was heated and, due to convection, rose through branched brick channels to the premises that needed to be heated. Having given off heat, the air from the premises went out through the exhaust ducts outside the building. A heating system of this design completely excluded the possibility of flue gases entering the living quarters, which was an amazing know-how at that time. This heating system, called the "fire-air system", enjoyed increasing popularity until the middle of the 19th century, but by its end it was no longer in demand, which was facilitated by the constant low-frequency hum in the air ducts, excessive dryness of the air, burning of dust with the deposition of dust soot on the walls and interior items ...
At the end of the 18th century, the French engineer Jean-Simon Bonneman invented and built the first water heating system, in which the circulation of the coolant was carried out in a natural way. Half a century later, a heating system with natural circulation of the coolant, developed by Professor Peter Grigorievich Sobolevsky, appeared in Russia. Convection water, steam and fire-air types of heating have been gaining popularity from year to year, largely due to technical progress, the emergence and development of centralized sources of heating the coolant and systems for its delivery to consumer objects. Convective hot water heating was favored by the large-scale construction of typical high-rise buildings with minimal insulation of facades, low-quality overlapping of window and door openings - radiant heating is effective only in a well-insulated building.
However, 150 years later, scientists have found that the perception of radiant heating is much closer to humans than convection heating of air. Moreover, not only for a person, but also for household items, as well as materials used in the interior decoration of premises.
Heating at home - reality
Have you ever been in an unheated or poorly heated room in the winter - a school classroom, an institute lecture hall, or an assembly hall at an institution? In response to the discontent of the audience, the teacher (lecturer) calms down - nothing, we will breathe and in half an hour it will be warm. Indeed, after a while it becomes warmer, but the reason for this is not at all connected with the term "breathed" - those present warmed the atmosphere of the room with thermal radiation generated by their own bodies. Infrared rays emanating from the bodies of those present in the audience heat the objects located near them, which, in turn, generate their own radiation, transferring it to neighboring objects, and the heat of their surfaces to the air.
Any and every object with a temperature above absolute zero Kelvin (or -273.15 ° C) emits infrared rays. The higher the temperature of the object, the more intense the radiation - for example, the human body at its normal temperature (from 36.6 to 37 ° C) generates infrared rays of the medium wavelength range, with a wavelength of 5 to 25 microns. The consumption of human energy for infrared radiation is reduced if the temperature of the environment rises, but not the air, but the enclosing structures (walls, ceiling and floor) and pieces of furniture. The fact is that the air environment is transparent and permeable to infrared rays, respectively, cold walls and floors will draw infrared heat from human bodies even at 25 degrees room temperature - this is radiant heat exchange, explained by the laws of Planck and Stefan-Boltzmann.
Generations of townspeople have become accustomed to living conditions in brick and panel houses, trying to compensate for the expenditure of infrared energy of the body, which is spent on heating the enclosing structures, with the help of various types of electric convectors. In the memory of the townspeople there was a vague conviction about the importance of wooden walls in the house, which are able to "breathe", compensating for the humidity of the air - indeed, such an ability is present in unpainted timber and log walls, but the main role in wooden houses was played not by them, but by the Russian bake .
The massive construction of the Russian stove was given a significant place in the house, it kept heat perfectly and heated the whole house with infrared radiation. No water or air heating system can compare in its heating capabilities with a Russian stove! By the way, it is precisely because of the radial heating method that baked goods in a Russian oven turn out to be much more appetizing and tastier than in the most modern oven, in which the cooking principle is based on hot air (fire-air system).
The properties of radiant energy from the standpoint of heating were investigated by a laboratory at Yale University, funded by the John Bartlett Pearce Foundation - the results of an experiment conducted with the participation of volunteers were very revealing. At the first stage, the subjects were placed in a small room with artificially cooled walls, the air temperature in it was maintained by means of fan heaters at a level of 50 ° C - volunteers dressed in light clothes, after staying in this room, complained of extreme cold. During the second stage, the air temperature was deliberately lowered to 10 ° C, and the walls were heated with the help of pipes built into the interior, through which hot water circulated - the subjects, still dressed as lightly, sweated profusely when they were in this room, they were hot.
However, each of us can check and personally experience the "vampirism" of cold and "donation" of heated walls at any time - you just need to come up and stand in front of the wall. In winter you will feel the cold coming from it, since the material forming the wall will absorb the infrared rays emanating from you, in the summer you will feel the warmth, that is, your body will already absorb the infrared radiation received by the wall from the Sun during the day.
Description of radiant heating systems
A massive stove was and remains an ideal source of radiant heating, however, in an apartment or office, and in many private houses, it is unrealistic to arrange such a stove. Consider modern radiant heating systems that make it possible to do without such a stove - "warm floor", wall and ceiling radiant panels.
Underfloor heating systems differ in design and heating principle:
- convective systems include any systems with a water heat carrier, as well as cable, cable with laying in heat-insulating plates and film (heating mats - a thin cable placed in a mesh base);
- Radiation heat is generated by carbon film (heating element - graphite strips sealed in a polyester film) and core floors (their heating elements are also made of graphite).
The panels installed on the walls are modular blocks made of copper pipes, the heat carrier in them is hot water. Heat transfer of radiant heat from wall panels with circulating hot water at a temperature of 40 ° C is about 80%, the remaining 20% is accounted for by convection - this is due to the admissibly high temperature of the coolant, which exceeds the maximum set by European standards of 30 ° C for a "warm floor".
Copper modular blocks are installed on the wall surface using horizontal or vertical rod supports, before that a layer of insulation with aluminum foil is mounted on the wall surface. After installation, the wall panels are sealed with a 350 mm layer of plaster, covered with plasterboard or other hard coverings. In addition to external installation, modular blocks for radiant heating can be installed inside concrete walls - they are attached to a reinforcing frame with subsequent pouring with concrete.
The advantage of wall panels is lower thermal inertia, compared to "warm floors", which is especially convenient for buildings with intermittent heating. It should be noted that for effective heating, wall panels need free space around the perimeter of the walls in which they are installed - with a large number of cabinet furniture, it is irrational to use them.
The first models of radiant ceiling panels were created long before the "warm floors" and wall panels, the manufacturers' interest in them was explained simply - the ceiling, and hence the ceiling panels, was located farthest from households, which made it possible to heat the panels to high temperatures without any damage to humans. The maximum temperature of modern ceiling panels depends on the height of the ceilings - the optimal difference between the air temperature in the room and the surface temperature of the beam panel is 10 ° C. Modern ceiling panels are not built into ceilings - they are installed on the surface of the ceiling, which simplifies their installation and maintenance.
At the end
The popularity of convection heating today is associated only with the fact that most houses have minimal heat-retaining characteristics - earlier this was not of interest to designers and builders, since their tasks were focused on reducing the cost of projects. Hence, houses glowing at night in infrared detectors, colossal heating costs and frequent cosmetic repairs. And precisely because of the high heat losses through the window openings, heating radiators were installed directly under them - in order to cut off the cold air from the street coming through the slots of the window frames and through their glazing.
Convective heating allows you to quickly and relatively inexpensively heat non-insulated rooms, but it does not allow you to avoid drying out the air, cold air at floor level (the warmest layer of air collects at the ceiling), constant mold growth of the walls in the cold season (due to moisture deposition on their cold surfaces) and the need for frequent cosmetic repairs - these facts are undeniable.
If the enclosing structures of the house are made of wood, brick or reinforced concrete, the outer (street) side is insulated (with sandwich panels, thermal insulation materials followed by plastering, etc.), and modern doors and windows are installed in the window and door openings with sufficient low rates of thermal conductivity, then solving the problem of heating with the help of a radiant heating system will justify itself. On the other hand, when insulating the enclosing structures from the inside of the room, which is performed especially often in multi-storey buildings of Soviet construction, it makes no sense to build a heating system on infrared heating, since the material from which the walls are made will not heat up and give off heat in the form of radiation, because wall surfaces are thermally insulated with thermal insulation materials.
Taking into account the new requirements for thermal protection of buildings, set forth in SNiP 23-02-2003, radiant heating systems may well take over the leadership in convective heating. Households of any age will find it much more pleasant and useful to perceive infrared rays of a certain wavelength than to be in an air "aquarium" with constantly cold walls, filled with air heated as a result of convection and suspended dust.
Infrared radiant heating - ceiling heaters for your home
Modern heating systems based on infrared heating, in contrast to traditional ones, have significant advantages. This is not only a reasonable consumption of energy resources and significant savings in the family budget, but also ease of use, a healthy microclimate in the house and comfort all year round. How does radiant infrared heating work?
Infrared space heating - there are pluses!
IR heating on foil equipment is a modern efficient heating system that has been used with great success both in private houses and in public buildings for more than 10 years. Due to its unique capabilities, environmental friendliness and fire safety, infrared radiant heating is recommended for use in medical and childcare facilities.
As an alternative to traditional methods of space heating, every year IR heating is becoming more and more popular among owners of country houses. Infrared heating irreplaceable where there is no possibility of connecting to the gas main, and there is only electricity. The IR system is easy and quick to install, between the topcoat and the sub-ceiling, with reflective thermal insulation. The costly installation of additional communications is excluded, the boiler room and pipes are not needed, there is no risk of defrosting or leaks. In addition to reasonable savings on installation work and materials, infrared heating reduces energy costs by 3-5 times, with an efficiency of 95%.
Another plus is the absence of condensation on the walls and windows, which is especially important for a wooden house. And if the enclosing structures have already accumulated moisture, infrared heaters will quickly dry them, preventing the destruction of the walls due to fungus and mold.
The temperature regime can be easily adjusted in each room. Distributed IR heating system automatically maintains the set temperature level. You can also equip a garage, an attic, a workshop with ceiling film infrared heaters.
Radiant heating - how it works
With no running costs and ease of use, infrared radiant heating is free of the disadvantages of conventional convective systems. Warm air from the batteries mixes with cold streams, moves upward, raising dust microparticles behind it. At the same time, humidity and oxygen content decrease, and the air under the ceiling is always warmer than below.
Infrared heating acts differently. The principle of direct, without communications and heat carrier, conversion of electricity into thermal energy is borrowed from nature itself. The main source of infrared radiation is the Sun. Any heated objects and bodies, in solid and liquid state, emit a continuous infrared spectrum. However, according to the laws of physics, thermal energy is always transferred from a more heated body to a less heated one and is absorbed by it, but not vice versa.
Infrared heaters evenly heat all surfaces and objects in the room - floors, walls, furniture. They give off heat to the air, speeding up the process and increasing the heated area several times. Uselessly heated air masses do not accumulate under the ceiling, the temperature difference between the floor and the walls is 2-3 degrees higher than the air temperature. If the house is properly insulated, the floor will always be warm and without additional heating.
Radiant infrared heating does not dry out, does not overheat, does not stratify the air into cold and hot layers, does not cause drafts, which means that it is easy and free to breathe in the house. The result is excellent well-being, a comfortable atmosphere and a healthy microclimate.
Ceiling heating: power calculation and selection of IR heaters
For uniform heating of the house with infrared electric film heaters (plan), it is necessary to provide a large coverage ratio (70-80%). Then, with a low specific power of each ceiling heater (150-180 W / m2), we will get sufficient power for the entire infrared heating system. To prevent overheating, the temperature IR heater should be no more than 45-50 ° C.
This scheme allows you to minimize the cost of heating a country house, a summer residence, with an energy consumption of 5 to 30 W / h per 1 sq. m of area, depending on the heat loss through the enclosing structures. But it is worth remembering that only competent, accurate calculations of the power of warm ceilings guarantee a full effect, therefore, before installing IR heating, be sure to consult with specialists. Professional advice will help you to choose the right equipment.
Infrared film ceiling heaters NIRVANA
Children, infants and, in some circumstances, adults need help to maintain their body temperature. This is equally applicable both for the rehabilitation of postoperative patients and for a small child in the event of a long examination.
As the most vulnerable, newborn and premature babies need the most warmth and protection. Their metabolism is underdeveloped and they are very sensitive to temperature changes and other external influences. All of these patients need an effective and safe source of heat.
Efficient heating - Individual selection of intensity
The Ceramotherm 2000 radiant heater provides patients with efficient heating and safety. Heating by invisible infrared rays does not distort the patient's skin color, allowing a correct clinical examination.
Heating requirements vary from patient to patient. A physical condition such as shock or fever is essential. For this reason, doctors and nursing staff can choose the intensity of the radiation according to the needs of the patient.
The parameters of the selected radiation intensity and real radiation intensity are displayed in mW / cm2. The staff has the ability to regularly monitor the patient's physical parameters and adjust the degree of radiation (heating) accordingly. The patient's response to changes in the heat therapy performed contributes to an accurate diagnosis and successful treatment.
Highest level of security
In the event of prolonged exposure at high radiation intensities, there may be a risk of hyperthermia. As a result, after a certain heating period, the heater automatically reduces the radiation to a safe level and informs the nursing staff of the situation by means of visual and audible alarms.
When high intensity radiation is required, the user can turn off the alarm and the heater will continue to operate at high intensity for the next period of time. If patients are under constant supervision, the automatic intensity reduction can be temporarily disabled.
Radiant heaters that are height-adjustable, wall- or ceiling-mounted, turn off the heating when the heater is moved to a position below the minimum distance.
When the machine is off, the residual heat will be shown on the display until the heating elements cool down.
Uniform arrangement of protected heating elements
Long-life ceramic heating elements provide stable and comfortable heating with low energy consumption. They do not form scale and are resistant to liquid droplets. Compared to traditional heating coils, ceramic heating elements are replaced much less frequently.
Non-glare built-in light
Two fluorescent lamps evenly illuminate the work area without blinding the patient.
Application
- Swaddling children
- Survey
- Heating in the operating room
Heaters available with two emitter sizes
Application
- Postnatal care in the delivery room
- Swaddling children
- Survey
- Heating in the operating room
Ceramotherm 2000 newborn warmers are attached to a wall or ceiling at a distance of 650 to 900 mm from the patient. Taking into account the external and structural conditions, the optimal location can be selected using a wide range of wall and ceiling fasteners.
Fixed position above the patient's bed
For false ceilings: Distance to the main ceiling no more than 300 mm
Moveable position above the patient's bed
pivoting on hinges in the horizontal plane, with a locking device
Various location options
 |
Rotation on hinges in the horizontal plane, with a locking device | ||
| Ceramotherm 2100 Bracket 480 mm |
Order no. WY 2102 |
Tilt adjustment ± 30 ° Vertical adjustment |
|
| Ceramotherm 2100 Bracket 600 mm |
Order no. WY 2103 |
||
| Ceramotherm 2200 Bracket 480 mm |
Order no. | ||
| Ceramotherm 2100 Bracket 600 mm |
Order no. WY 2203 |
||
Height-adjustable mount
For certain uses, heaters must be installed to provide sufficient freedom of movement for the patient or to heat a specific part of the body. To heat movable beds as well as height-adjustable examination beds, a height-adjustable heater with a large swivel arm is required.
By means of a flexible attachment arm with a large radius and a freely fixed base, the heater can be positioned above the patient in almost any position. This system can be attached to a wall or ceiling, and the shoulder can be in two sizes.
In the operating room, the heater must be sure to prevent hypothermia in children before, during, and after surgery. The fastening system must be flexible enough for this type of use. On request, the heater can be supplied in combination with an operating light or an examination light on the same mount.
When using height-adjustable mounts, it must be borne in mind that the intensity of the radiation emitted to the patient is highly dependent on the distance between the patient and the heater. The shorter the distance, the higher the intensity and vice versa.
For this reason, height-adjustable heaters have another safety feature. If the heater moves above or below the set distance, the visual alarm is activated first, and after a while the audible alarm. If the heater falls below the permitted distance, the heater switches off automatically. Thus, the patient is safe despite any changes in the position of the heater.
|
Horizontal bracket R1 = 750 mm, height-adjustable bracket R2 = 800 mm on a spring, rotatable 360 °, adjustable stop for the highest position, the heater can be positioned in any direction. For fixing to the main ceiling without or with a false ceiling at a distance of up to 500 mm from the main ceiling, maximum fixing length to the ceiling 1100 mm |
|
| Ceramotherm 2100 | Order No. WY 2108 |
| Ceramotherm 2200 | Order No. WY 2208 |
| For fixing to a main ceiling with a false ceiling installed at a distance of up to 1000 mm from the main ceiling, maximum fixing length to the ceiling is 1100 mm | |
| Ceramotherm 2100 | Order No. WY 2118 |
| Ceramotherm 2200 | Order No. WY 2218 |
| Option: | |
| Horizontal bracket R1 950 mm long |
Order No. WY 1848 |
Mobile devices
As an option for wall or ceiling mounted heaters, a mobile stand is recommended when the heater will be used in different rooms or for design reasons a fixed installation is not possible.
The height-adjustable stand can be moved thanks to four anti-static wheels, two of which have locks. The distance indicator to the heater must be at patient level to ensure the correct distance between the heater and the patient. With the help of the freely lockable main part of the heater, it can be set to the required position.
Mobile radiant heat
| Technical details | Ceramotherm 2100 |
Ceramotherm 2200 |
| Heating quantity. elements | 1 | 2 |
| Service life of elements | > 10 years | > 10 years |
| Illumination 2 fluorescent lamps each | 11W | 18W |
| Voltage | ~ 230V / 50Hz | ~ 230V / 50Hz |
| Power consumption | 690W / 3A | 900W / 3.9A |
| Wavelength range, nm | 1500-6800 | 1500-6800 |
| Safety glass | 1 | 1 |
| Protection type | B | B |
| MDD class | IIa | IIa |
The device complies with:
|
Yes Yes Yes |
Yes Yes Yes |
| security check | Once a year | Once a year |
Verified standard patient distance mm:
|
900 |
900 800 650 |
| Distance calibration capability from 650 to 900 mm | Yes | Yes |
Irradiation area / maximum intensity
|
390x520mm / 28mW / cm2 |
390x680mm / 30mW / cm2 430x700mm / 30mW / cm2 460x720mm / 26mW / cm2 480x730mm / 22mW / cm2 500x750mm / 20mW / cm2 520x770mm / 18mW / cm2 |
| Display the selected value | Yes | Yes |
| Display of real value and residual heat | Yes | Yes |
| Automatic reduction of heating power in case of intensity> 10 mW / cm2 for more than 15 minutes | ||
| The ability to turn off the alarm for 15 minutes | Yes | Yes |
| Safe limit at 30 mW / cm2 | Yes | Yes |
| cm2 Power failure alarm | Yes | Yes |
| Self-test | Yes | Yes |
| Distance sensor for two-piece height-adjustable bracket | Yes | Yes |
| Weight, kg | 6,3 | 8,7 |
| Heater color | White RAL 9010 | White RAL 9010 |
| Handle color | Red RAL 3003 | Red RAL 3003 |
