The main function of metal doors is to protect the room from the outside atmospheric exposure, noise, as well as from unwanted penetration. Modern metal door blocks must meet the requirements of current regulatory documents, be strong and durable.

Specific requirements for a steel door largely depend on operating conditions. In some cases, the design of a metal door requires the installation of additional means of protection, heat and sound insulation. detailed information about this in our article at .

Basic requirements of GOST 31173-2003 “Steel door blocks”

The main standard defining the requirements for metal doors is GOST 31173-2003 “Steel door blocks”. This GOST contains requirements for steel door blocks with locking mechanisms. Additional requirements for fire safety, bullet resistance and impact resistance aggressive environments not included in the standard.

According to GOST 31173-2003, the metal door leaf must be a structure of welded together metal sheets and profiles. Profiles can be used both straight and bent. Corner connections profiles should be connected by welding or other types of connections while maintaining structural strength.

The standard also imposes requirements on the door frame: it must be made of a bent profile more than 1.5 mm thick or from a rectangular profile with a cross-section of more than 40x50 mm.

Any serious door manufacturer is required to test its products for compliance with the characteristics regulatory requirements. As a result of testing, he is issued a certificate of conformity for the product. The seller must also have this certificate. Check it!

The design of a metal door must contain reinforcing profiles. The structure must contain at least two horizontal and vertical profiles; inclined reinforcing profiles can also be used. In this case, horizontal profiles should be located in the area of ​​anti-removal mechanisms or in the hinge area.

External and entrance metal doors must contain two or more sealing gasket circuits, installed without gaps and resistant to climatic and atmospheric influences.

The requirements of GOST 31173-2003 apply only to metal doors of the following dimensions:

• The area of ​​the door leaf is less than 9m2.
• The height of the opening doors is less than 2200 mm.
• The width of the opening leaf is no more than 1200 mm.
• The weight of the door leaf is no more than 250 kg.

Classification of doors according to GOST

GOST 31173-2003 offers several classifications of metal doors.

Metal door blocks are divided into the following types of purposes:

According to the type of construction, metal doors are divided into:

• Cloths with a closed box.
• With U-shaped box.
• With a U-shaped box with an additional threshold.

There is also a classification based on the number of panels and the direction of their opening:

• Single-sex.
• Double-leaf (the width of the door leaves can be different).
• With non-opening inserts (vertical or horizontal).
• Opening inward.
• Opening outwards.

Based on the number of sealing contours, door blocks are divided into:

• Metal doors with one sealing circuit.
• Metal doors with two or more sealing contours.

Need to remember

Even if you have installed a reliable entrance door manufactured in accordance with GOST requirements, you should not neglect the use burglar alarm. Details about modern alarm systems can be found in our.

Metal door blocks can have the following finish:

• Paints and varnishes or powder materials.
• Artificial or genuine leather and insulation.
• Decorative film materials.
• Wood materials (natural or synthetic veneer can be used).
• Glass or mirror materials.
• Combined finish.

Also, metal doors are divided into several strength classes (M1, M2, M3) according to their resistance to various types of static, dynamic and impact loads.

Requirements for materials and components

The materials and components used in the production of door blocks must be manufactured in accordance with approved standards and specifications.

The surface of the steel structural elements of the door leaf must be flat and smooth, free from cracks and distortions, permissible waviness on the front surface is no more than 0.5 mm.

Materials intended for the manufacture of metal doors and their components must be resistant to climate impacts. Steel elements must meet the requirements of GOST 380, GOST 1050 or GOST 5632 standards.

Sealing gaskets must be installed tightly, without gaps, around the entire perimeter of the box, and meet the requirements of GOST 30778.

Requirements for hinges, locks and other locking devices

Technical characteristics, method of fastening and location of locking devices and hinges are established in the working documentation. These parameters are influenced by the dimensions of the opening elements of the product, its weight, as well as its operating conditions.

The hinges are attached to the door frame by welding or on mechanical connections. While maintaining the strength of the structure, the use of other types of fastenings is permitted.

Block 50% from the beginning of the article

Depending on the purpose and operating conditions, metal door blocks are equipped with bolts, closers, opening angle limiters, chains, eyes, etc. Fasteners and door hardware must comply with the requirements of GOST 9.303 “Metal and non-metallic coatings” and GOST 538 “Lock and hardware products” .

The installed locks and hinges should not interfere with the easy but reliable locking of the door leaf.

Requirements for finishing products

The type of finishing coating and quality of finishing are agreed upon by the manufacturer with the consumer and specified in the contract. The quality of finishing is assessed based on samples approved in advance with the customer.

The main criterion for the choice of facing material depends on the operating conditions.

Main regulatory documents regulating the condition of metal surfaces, requirements for paint and varnish coatings and their designation are GOST 9.402, GOST 9.401 and GOST 9.032.

The first layer of coating is applied with primer paint, then protective and decorative materials are applied. More detailed requirements for the quality of surfaces with completed paint coating contained in the standards GOST 9.301 and GOST 9.032.

When using wood parts, you should be guided by GOST 2140, wooden surface should have a roughness of no more than 60 microns, and a rock moisture content of 8 - 12%.

The performance indicators of metal doors, including noise insulation parameters, are established in project documentation and are tested in testing centers.

According to the requirements of GOST 31173, door blocks must have sound insulation of at least 20 dB.

There are 3 classes of sound insulation for steel door blocks:

Metal door blocks are divided into 3 classes of reduced heat transfer resistance:

Class 1 - 1.0 m °C/W or more
Class 2 - 0.70 - 0.99 m °C/W
Class 3 - 0.40 - 0.69 m °C/W

To ensure an adequate level of thermal insulation, external doors are equipped with at least two sealing loops.

Increased thermal insulation is also facilitated by the use of special materials for filling the door leaf (mineral or basalt wool, polystyrene foam, etc.).

GOST 51072-2005 requirements for security entrance doors

According to GOST 51072-2005 “Security doors,” a security door is a protective device that has a door leaf in its design, door frame and one or more locking devices and resistant to established methods impact.

Unwanted entry into an office or living space is ensured by entrance doors made of steel, equipped with powerful locking devices along the entire perimeter of the door. The parameters and characteristics of such doors are regulated by GOST 31173-2003, introduced in 2004.

The development of standards for metal doors is dictated by high requirements for a number of reasons: compliance with parameters doorways in construction, performance of security functions, insulating properties, their strength and a number of other parameters. Their compliance during manufacturing is necessary for the consumer, otherwise they will not perform the required functions. GOST 31173-2003 gives enough wide range manufacturing parameters from entrance doors indoors to secure doors in expensive houses and cottages. Steel doors are very popular in our country.

The standards are intended for mass and small-scale production, where it is possible to debug technological process in accordance with them, where there is control of their compliance using appropriate methods and confirmation of test results in special centers accredited to carry them out. This is difficult to achieve in individual production. Compliance with standards provides the consumer with the necessary consumer qualities.

Classification of metal doors GOST 31173 2003

Steel doors are classified according to various parameters: purpose, design, finishing, operational and mechanical characteristics, security level. Similar classification allows the consumer to simply select a product with the required characteristics. It also allows for certification of steel products.

The classification depends not only on its design features, but also on the configuration door block locking mechanisms. For example, the security level depends on the strength of the block (M1, M2, M3), the complexity of the locks and locking mechanisms. Steel door blocks of the simplest design (strength class M3) are equipped with locks of classes III-IV (GOST 5089) and special locking mechanisms, and with class M2 they are equipped with multi-bolt locks on reinforced hinges.

The locks are fastened with screws through gaskets and threaded brackets that press the lock to the canvas. It is better not to use welding when installing locks; the blade may move and the lock will not close. The size of the door leaf should not exceed 2200 mm in height and 1200 mm in width, and the weight should not exceed 250 kg.

Steel door structure

The entire structure is welded from steel. The frame is welded from profiles, onto which steel sheets are welded on both sides. The metal on the door leaf must be at least 1.8 mm thick. Profiles can be box-section, U-shaped or corner. In some cases, the frame can be reinforced with additional profiles inside it (middles), both vertical and horizontal mullions.

The frame is filling basalt wool, foam plastic or other heat and sound insulating materials. To prevent the block from being removed from the hinges, special pins are installed, which are located in the area of ​​action of the hinges. They do not allow you to press the door off its hinges and remove it. The pins are installed either into the box or into the canvas by welding or pressing.

When purchasing, the consumer has the right to choose the type of finish, material and color, however, GOST 31173-2003 defines reference samples. Choice finishing materials according to GOST, it is very wide and varied: from genuine leather to polymer coating. The main thing is that GOST defines the acceptable parameters of coating quality for each material, below which it is impossible to fall. Output control in production appearance doors are treated with special attention.

Main characteristics of metal doors

The main task of the door block is to provide protection against unauthorized entry into the room. Along with this task, the door must protect against external environment in the form of cold air masses, as well as noise, and serve for a long time without changing the main characteristics. So, the door block should:

• isolate the transfer of heat or cold from outside to inside the room;
• isolate sounds both from outside and from inside to outside;
• do not allow air to pass through;
• serve for a long time and efficiently;
• withstand static and dynamic loads at her.

It is these characteristics with quantitative estimates, given in GOST 31173 2003, are an indicator of the quality of the blocks produced. Based on these indicators, products are accepted at manufacturing plants.

Doors manufactured to the requirements of GOST 31173 2003

Ensuring the main security function is achieved by combining the characteristics of the door block (primarily strength) with locking mechanisms and locks, that is, one or another of its designs. The higher the strength class and class locking devices and locks, the higher the quote for the performance of the door block.

How to install a door block?

Metal doors are installed by specialists from the manufacturer, since special tools and materials are required that correspond to a specific product. In the event that it is being built new house, then the project must describe the requirements for the size of the doorway, expected loads and climatic conditions and requirements building codes for installing this type of door.

Building regulations require the unconditional provision of filling the gaps between the door and the walls with an insulating material that is environmentally friendly and has a long service life. An important point When installing the product, it is necessary to place the door block and adjoining units in the structure in such a way that “cold bridges” and condensation do not form both inside the product and in the room.

The door block is mounted in the wall opening through mounting lugs using anchors to a depth of 70-100 mm. The number of anchors should ensure that the block is secured in the opening. It is recommended to place the lugs around the perimeter of the frame with a distance between them of no more than 700 mm. Before installing the doors, it is necessary to make markings. IN doorway the central axis is determined along which the door is installed and the location of the lugs and, accordingly, the location of the anchors. Deviations of the door horizontally and vertical axes controlled by plumb lines and level.

If the buyer decides to install the door himself, the company provides him with instructions for installing the unit indicating all technological operations according to this procedure and the corresponding drawings of the main elements and junction units. The buyer also receives a description of all materials used, including metal and steel grade.

Manufacturer's Warranty

When purchasing a product, a GOST door passport must be issued. In it, in addition to the size and design features, the certificate of conformity is displayed, a description is given technical characteristics mentioned earlier. And as standard for all passports, the completeness of the product is included. The complete set of the door block includes locking devices, door hinges, type of door finish, sealing gaskets, closer and door stop.

At the very end of the passport, the warranty period is indicated (at least three years from the date of purchase of the product), which is also indicated in the purchase agreement. In the contract, the manufacturer guarantees the buyer the preservation of all characteristics of the product, subject to compliance with the rules of transportation, installation of the product and operating rules. The document with which the buyer can challenge certain inconsistencies with the product’s passport data and the warranty period itself is the contract for the purchase of the door unit between the buyer and the manufacturer.

It should be noted that when self-installation door block, the warranty may not be received, since the manufacturer does not have the opportunity to check the door installation technology. Therefore, we recommend using the installation services of the company that manufactured your door, or using the services of certified teams of craftsmen.

In conclusion, it should be stated: standardization of production always leads to an improvement in the quality of manufactured products, an increase in the service life of products, an increase in maintainability, a reduction in the cost of manufacturing a product, and a reduction in its price. Therefore, when choosing such a complex product as a metal door block, be guided by GOST 31173 2003.

In the process of choosing a metal entrance door in the product description, you can find widespread references to the fact that the products are different high quality. A detailed analysis of doors can only be carried out by someone who is knowledgeable and experienced specialist. What should ordinary customers do, for whom all entrance doors mostly look the same? We recommend paying close attention to the standardization of manufactured products. In the Russian Federation, state standards (GOST) have been developed and approved, indicating technical and other requirements that manufactured products must meet. To confirm compliance, certificates of conformity of an approved type are issued. It is believed that buyers who purchase metal entrance doors are fully protected in terms of purchasing and using the highest quality products. Let's take a closer look at the approved standard.

What standard applies to fire doors?

When choosing a high-quality metal fire door, you should adhere to the GOST 31173-2003 standard. It touches steel door blocks with locks general view. Standard fire doors are assumed that can be used in residential and industrial purposes. At the same time, it is worth knowing that high security doors and performance characteristics(explosion resistance, armor protection, bulletproofness, resistance to numerous aggressive influences environment and so on) do not apply to the above standard.

GOST 31173-2003 describes the features of marking and classification of door blocks. However, recommendations are provided regarding the use of steel certain type. The features of the frame, sashes, installation of locks and thermal insulation materials are also described. In addition, recommendations are given regarding the finishing of the sash (external and inside).

A characteristic feature of the described standard is the fact that so-called “fire doors” do not directly apply to it. Moreover, there is simply no separate state standard dedicated to doors of this type. Therefore, GOST 31173-2003 applies to them by analogy. Mainly, as stated above, it describes the design of metal doors. In reality the situation looks like this. When manufacturing fireproof metal entrance doors, the manufacturer develops its own installations, which are most often referred to as “ technical specifications" They provide performance requirements regarding fire resistance. Such technical conditions (TU) are as close as possible to GOST 31173-2003. In order for manufactured doors to be considered fireproof, the manufacturer must obtain a special so-called fire certificate. It is valid for three years. After the certificate expires, you must obtain it again. The main condition for obtaining such a certificate is testing with a sample of the manufactured door. Tests are carried out in accordance with the recommendations and rules that are enshrined in State Standard“Test methods for fire resistance of doors and gates” (number 53307-2009). During the combustion test, one side of the web is heated to maximum values ​​in a special oven. At successful completion Testing of products is assigned to a certain fire resistance class, which is recorded in the issued certificate. The higher the class, the more expensive the metal door. Of course, a higher quality and fire-resistant door can be used not only in residential, but also industrial premises with elevated temperature.

What determines the fire resistance of a metal door?

There is a fairly widespread opinion according to which it is believed: the thicker the sheet of metal door leaf, the more resistant it is to elevated temperature. This is wrong. In fact following features are of decisive importance:

1. Thermal insulator (insulation). GOST 31173-2003 provides for the possibility of using foam plastic as insulation, mineral wool, wood and particle fillers. For obvious reasons, such a heat insulator is not suitable for fireproof metal entrance doors. There are insulation materials on sale that are characterized by high fire resistance. How to qualitatively insulate a canvas with such material yourself or with the help of a specialist, read the material dedicated to this.
2. The distance (size) of the gap between the box and door leaf. Ideally, this parameter should not exceed a value of 3 mm. The greater the deviation from this indicator, the lower the fire resistance of the door block.
3. Self-foaming seal. An extremely useful material that foams in case of fire. Foam fills the space between the sash and the frame. This helps to prevent the spread of fire and heating to some extent. door frame and canvases. And also prevent combustion products from entering the room.
4. Sealing gaskets. Those that comply with GOST 31173-2003 should be used. They should tightly cover the entire perimeter of the sash.

How to choose a quality fire door?

The main purpose of a fire door is to protect against the spread of fire for some time before the arrival of rescuers. Mainly provisions relating to fire safety(including those required for doors of this type) are contained in technical regulations, approved by Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 123-FZ dated July 22, 2008.

When choosing a fireproof metal entrance door, you should pay attention not only to the product conformity marking GOST 31173-2003, but also to the presence of an approved fire certificate. As mentioned above, it fixes the fire resistance class.

What is a fire rating? What are they?

Fire resistance class is an indicator that is assigned to a particular product depending on the indicators obtained during the combustion test of a metal entrance door. The main parameter is the period of time during which the door “resisted” the constantly rising temperature and exposure to open flame. The following main fire resistance classes are distinguished:

— Ei 30. The number in the name reflects the number of minutes during which the metal entrance door will be resistant to fire. This is a standard class, which is sufficient for use in residential and industrial premises, as well as public places.

— Ei 60. An increased fire resistance parameter for an hour indicates a sufficient reserve of time during which it is possible not only to wait for rescuers, but also to evacuate people from a burning building.

— Ei 90. Metal doors of this class are recommended for use in places with increased fire hazard. This could be production of the appropriate type, gas stations, workshops, kitchens, warehouses for fuel and lubricants and other facilities. An hour and a half is enough for rescuers to localize and put out the fire.

The topic of the material we presented below was GOST for steel doors equipped with locking devices and installed in industrial and civil buildings. The only thing this standard does not apply to is doors, which have special requirements: resistance to aggressive substances, explosion resistance, bulletproofness and fire safety.

The use of all other products, which the video in this article will also talk about, depends on their operating conditions, and is regulated by GOST doors 31173.

Steel doors GOST 31173 2003 are classified according to six main characteristics. First of all, this is, of course, the purpose, as they can be: street, indoor and vestibule. And internal doors can be apartment entrance doors, and used like an ordinary interior door.

Design differences

The second sign is determined by the design of the door block. Here the difference may be in the box, since it can be closed; is shaped like the letter “P”; or is equipped with a threshold, which is an additional element.

• The next classification feature concerns the number of panels and options for opening them. The most common doors with one leaf are left or right opening. Next come the canvases of which can either be the same or have different widths.

• – most often these are ceremonial models, they can also be decorated with inserts. This is either a rectangular or semicircular transom, located horizontally above the opening, or narrow non-opening panels on the sides of the panel. This is exactly the option we see in the photo above.

Doors are distinguished by the direction in which they open: outward or inward. It also matters how many sealing contours are located in the vestibule. There are often two of them, but there may be more.

Facial finishing options and performance indicators

The fourth feature by which steel doors are classified according to GOST 31173 2003 is their front finish.

There are seven options here:

• Number one is paint.– both traditional and powder. These are the most popular finishing options (see): in the first case, the main criterion for choosing products by the consumer is the low price, and in the second - the incredible strength of the coating, which has already been called anti-vandal.
• Next come options with natural or artificial leather lining and insulation.; decoration with film coatings; cladding with wood roll or board materials (veneer, MDF overlays). By the way, many of these types of finishing can be done on old or DIY doors.

Note! For all types polymer coatings used for decorating doors, the manufacturer must provide a conclusion confirming their sanitary safety.

• Glass or mirror finish looks very nice on doors, especially front doors.. As an option, the canvas is enhanced with a metal plate with beautiful milling or engraving, or several finishing methods are combined in one model. In general, after coordinating its actions with the customer, the manufacturer can perform any other type of decor - even gilding.

As for thermal properties, according to GOST, external steel doors are divided into three classes based on heat transfer resistance. The minimum figure should be 0.4 m2*C/W.

Anything less is not subject to classification. The highest class is with a heat transfer resistance of more than 1 m2*C/W. The standard also contains a table that presents the desired indicators of breathability and waterproofness.

Soundproofing for steel doors, is no less important. There are also three classes, which are divided according to the level of noise reduction.

Indicators less than 20 decibels are not subject to classification. The third class is the lowest, with indicators up to 25 dB, in the second class up to 31 dB, and the first class – more than 32 dB.

Mechanics and security qualities of products

The standard for doors made of metal also presents a table with strength indicators, which are also divided into three classes. There are five in total different characteristics, according to the meaning of which doors are classified into one class or another. It is set based on the worst test result.

This is resistance to static loads acting in the plane of the canvas; perpendicular to the canvas; and in the loop area. The level of resistance to dynamic impact in the direction in which the blade opens, and impact resistance in both directions is also regulated.

Doors are classified according to their security properties as follows:

1. Doors are standard. They are equipped with locking mechanisms of at least third class (M3) and anti-removal pins.
2. Reinforced blocks. Here, in addition to the above, reinforced door hinges and locks with a large number of bolts are added, which can lock the door along the entire perimeter of the vestibule. Their strength must correspond to the second class (M2).
3. Security door blocks. These are still the same reinforced blocks, but the characteristics of the locks installed in them must correspond to the first strength class (M1).

• You can find out whether the doors in front of you are reinforced or security by their markings. The corresponding letter “U” or “Z” is simply added to it. In general, this standard recommends that manufacturers indicate in the product passport all the data mentioned above. They are also encrypted in the markings.

The information should include: design solution; option for filling the canvas and its front finishing; dimensions; castle class. The passport must be accompanied by a diagram for opening the door or doors, as well as instructions for installation and operation of the product.

Requirements for steel doors

Paragraph five of the standard we are discussing outlines a list of requirements that apply to door blocks made of steel. Among general provisions information is given that the canvas is a welded structure, for the manufacture of which steel sheets or bent profiles are used.

Welding is mandatory for connecting parts. Other types of connections are permissible only if their strength characteristics are superior to welded ones - but this, in general, is unlikely. As for the design solutions of the canvases, the standard presents four main options.

Constructive types of canvases

The first option is this: the canvas is made on a frame from profiles with a closed hollow section, and two steel sheets are welded to it. In this case, the filling of the canvas is cellular (corrugated cardboard, or hardboard). The second type of metal doors looks like a bent frame mounted on profiles with a U-shaped section. The inside of such canvases is filled with expanded polystyrene.

• In the third option, the canvas frame is welded from profiles of a more complex section, filled mineral insulation, and closes from the outside steel sheet, and from the side of the room sheet wood material– for example, solid fiberboard. This is exactly the type of door you see in the picture below.

• The fourth option is also combined: the frame, filled with foam plastic, is made of wooden blocks - and only its edges are protected with corner steel profile. The outer and inner sides, as in the third case, are covered on one side with steel and on the other with wood fiber sheets.
• Regardless of the design option, the canvas must use mullions - stiffening ribs that strengthen the frame of the canvas. They can be not only vertical or horizontal, but also inclined. Loop areas must be reinforced, as well as places where anti-removal pins are installed.
• In the manufacture of metal sheets, the standard allows for lining the inner side not with a solid steel sheet, but with cut blanks welded together along a profile that reinforces the seams. There must be a hatch on the inner sheet, which is necessary for repairing the lock or latch.

• Locking mechanisms, which include not only locks and latches, but also latches, are secured on special supports, screws and threaded clamps. Welding is not used in this case, since in the process some parts of the lock can easily be damaged.
• The holes into which the bolt or bolt of the lock fits must be protected by a metal box, which is welded into the frame profile. The entry of the bolt when closing the lock must be free - and for this, the size of the hole must be at least 2.2 cm larger than the cross-section of the bolt.
• The proper level of sound insulation is achieved by installing two sealing circuits. Gaskets are installed around the entire perimeter of the canvas, avoiding the slightest gap. If the door block is intended for outdoor installation, then the seals must be resistant to humidity and temperature changes.

It should be noted that there are some restrictions on doors in accordance with GOST 31173 2003 - namely, their dimensions and weight. The following indicators should not exceed:

1. height: 2.2m
2. width: 1.2m
3. by canvas area: 9m2
4. by canvas weight: 250kg

For doors manufactured in excess of the given standards, additional calculations are made, and their compliance with the requirements of the standard is confirmed by the results of individual tests.

• In order to remove the canvas closed door to make it impossible to remove from the hinges, the design of the product includes fixed crossbars, or, as they are called, anti-removal pins. They are installed on the canvas frame and secured by welding, riveting, or pressing.
• The size of the pins, their number and location must be indicated in the working drawings. But most often they are provided next to the hinges, since this is the most reliable option.

So that the door frame can be installed in the opening, parts called mounting lugs are welded to its profile. Other solutions aimed by the manufacturer to ensure the strength of the unit installation are also allowed.

Dimensions and tolerances

It has already been said above what the maximum dimensions for height and width should be. In general, metal doors, like any other, are made in standard versions.

If this is a single-leaf door, then the most common sizes are: for the entrance door 2.1 * 0.9 m, for interior door 2.0*0.8m. Although, of course, the options may be different. In any case, both the dimensions and the drawings applied to the canvas are necessarily reflected in the technical documentation of the product.

• In addition to the dimensions of the door itself, it reflects profile sections, detailed dimensions of components and gaps. The drawings indicate the locations of locking devices, holes for them, and hinges. The standard also contains a table that defines the maximum permissible deviations from dimensional intervals.
• If you say in general outline, then 3 mm is the maximum, which is allowed only by internal size boxes more than 2m high. The minimum allowed for the outer dimension of the canvas is 1 mm/1000 mm. There should not be a difference of more than 1.5 mm in the gaps under the overlay.

• The manufacturer must equally carefully control the length of the diagonals, the sag of the front skins, and the straightness of the edges of the frame and canvas. All geometric parameters are calculated taking into account the design features of the product, its installation technology, and in accordance with standard 21778, in force since 1981.
• GOST, which is discussed in this article, imposes requirements both on the materials used in production, components and seals, and on finished products. In particular, steel elements must be free from bends, cracks, holes, dents and rust. Although slight waviness, which does not damage the aesthetics of the product as a whole, is allowed.

The steel door block is supplied assembled with a locking device. This is mandatory - but components such as a peephole, opening angle limiter, and door closer are installed upon additional agreement with the customer. The product must have a label or marker inscription informing which manufacturer, when, and for what order it was made. The block must also be marked and stamped by the department that carried out the technical control.

Metal doors are installed in residential, industrial and public premises. They are durable and reliable, and this is achieved by complying with GOST requirements that relate to the manufacture and installation of doors. It is this standard that ensures the durability and safety of metal sheets for various purposes.

Standards for the production and installation of metal doors

The production of doors from metal, as well as from other materials, is regulated by established and current standards, namely GOST. This code includes basic production rules, requirements for parameters and materials, as well as installation technologies for metal doors. Thanks to this, the structures are reliable, have a long service life and ensure human safety.

Any metal doors must comply with GOST requirements

The main document regulating the production of metal doors different types, is GOST 31173–2003. Additionally taken into account sanitary standards and rules (SNiP), which are a set of requirements for the quality and safety of products. These documents regulate the production of metal doors, and the installation of structures is carried out taking into account additional documentation, namely the technological map developed and presented by the manufacturer.

Video: design features of metal doors

General provisions of GOST for metal doors

GOST 31173–2003 is used for metal door blocks equipped with locking devices and used in buildings and structures of various types. However, the document does not apply to products special purpose, for example, bulletproof or fireproof options, as well as explosion-proof models.

Doors that comply with GOST are reliable protection premises

The standard involves the classification of metal sheets according to the following criteria:

• purpose, namely external or internal systems;
• the design can have a U-shaped box or with a closed contour, as well as with a threshold;
• the system can be made from one leaf, two identical or different leaves, with opening outward or inward;
• number of circuits providing sealing - one or two;
• the finishing of the canvas can be in the form of a painted surface, lining with leather and insulation, lining made of glass, wood or wood-tile structures;
• sound insulation level - 1st class (up to 32 dB), 2nd class (26–31 dB) and 3rd class (20–25 dB);
• degree of protection: regular, reinforced and security doors. In each case there are locks appropriate level strength.

The regulatory document takes into account all the features of metal door systems. For example, seams and joints metal parts must be carried out by welding. The box can be made from curved profile, but the thickness of this element must be from 1.5 mm. A profile frame is also suitable for the door frame rectangular shape, and its minimum cross-section is 40x50 mm.

The frame is an integral part of the door system

GOST includes not only mandatory requirements for the manufacture of metal doors, but also recommendations that allow you to create reliable products. For example, the standard recommends the use of horizontal and metal profiles gain. They are called middles and make the canvas durable and resistant to mechanical stress.

Inside the leaf, you can use a solid sheet of steel, which is an additional reinforcement for the door. A plate consisting of elements welded together is also an acceptable option. In this case, the welding seam passes along reinforcement profiles, which ensures the strength of the final product. The inner additional sheet can be in the form of fibreboards or other hard materials leaf type. These door components are used in the manufacture of door leaves different types, for example, entrance or insulated.

Insulated doors according to GOST

The design of insulated doors provides maximum protection of the room from heat loss through the leaf and prevents the penetration of cold through cracks. Such doors have a thermal insulation material in their structure, which is located between the outer and inner cladding.

Insulated doors are often external

The standard assumes the following features of the manufacture and installation of insulated doors:

• thermal insulation is ensured by at least two sealing contours located around the perimeter of the entire vestibule;
• all materials used for the manufacture of the canvas and the box must have a sanitary certificate on the safety of the structure;
• paint and varnish compositions must have high adhesion to the surface of a metal door, and the finish should not peel off, creating cracks and promoting heat loss;
• if the finishing is made of wood or particle boards, then such surfaces should not have cracks that could cause the canvas to blow through;
• insulated door models, like any other, are mounted only in a prepared opening with smooth edges;
• during installation, all gaps between the box and the wall are treated polyurethane foam and other structures that eliminate gaps;
• the materials used to create the installation seam must be durable, safe, strong, and not subject to rot.

Requirements for the production and installation of insulated systems require the creation of sealed seams and connections. This eliminates the possibility of heat loss from the room.

Steel fire doors

The production of fire doors made of steel is regulated by GOST R 57327–2016, which includes the basic requirements for this type of structure. This document applies to single- or double-leaf metal doors with or without glass up to 25%, fixed as fire barriers and having appropriate protective properties.

Fireproof fabrics are characterized by fire resistance and tightness

The fire resistance of systems is characterized by such indicators as E - loss of integrity of the fabric when exposed to heat, I - loss of heat-insulating qualities, S - loss of smoke and gas impermeability resulting from the action of fire. The flame resistance limit can range from 15 to 60 minutes.

The main GOST requirements for these structures, their production and installation are expressed as follows:

• finished fire-resistant products can withstand the number of openings/closings of at least 200,000;
• Fire doors are always equipped with closers. For double-leaf structures, devices are also required to control the sequential closing of the leaves;
• a door with a closer, open 90°, should close tightly in less than 5 s. The door can be opened with a force of no more than 100 N;
• smoke-gas-tight systems always have a closed-type box with a threshold. If the roadway is located in the path of people moving disabilities, then the threshold should not be present;
• For sealing, polymer gaskets are used, between which no gap is allowed. Thermal expansion gasket options prevent the spread of smoke and carbon dioxide;
• installation involves the use of non-flammable sealants. Latches, locks and other structural elements are always made from fire-resistant structures, which is also important for filling canvases. If there is glass, it must be fire-resistant;
• The service life of the finished structure is at least 10 years. In this case, the product should not sag, which is achieved correct installation And careful preparation opening.

Fire doors can have either one or two doors

Fire-prevention fabrics can be supplemented with attachments, for example, video cameras, intercom elements. In this case, testing to determine their level of fire resistance is not required. It is worth considering that the fittings cannot contain sharp, strongly protruding parts.

External doors made of steel according to GOST

Metal sheets are a popular option for entrance doors. Such products are durable, resistant to climatic influences and other external factors. Their production is carried out in accordance with GOST 31173–2003, which includes the basic requirements for quality, production and installation.

Exterior doors should be as strong and durable as possible

According to the standard, the system may have fixed inserts of horizontal or vertical type. Weight Limit moving canvases should not be more than 200 kg.

Entrance systems are resistant to temperature changes and other climatic influences

External structures of a burglar-resistant or conventional type are often equipped with reinforced elements that do not allow the door to be opened illegally. The requirements for such parts, the manufacture of canvases and their installation are expressed as follows:

• It is recommended to install anti-removal crossbars on the side of the leaf where the hinges are located. The pins are fixed by welding or pressing, and their number is determined by the working documentation and the type of door;
• the box is equipped with “ears” on both sides. These parts serve to securely fasten the canvas in the opening. The “ears” are fixed to the box by welding;
• the internal filling of the canvas is sound and thermal insulation materials, which are placed tightly in the frame, eliminating the formation of voids;
• The minimum sound insulation level is 20 dB. This is ensured by the use of modern, high-quality and high-tech materials;
• Weld seams must be made smooth, without cracks or scaly surfaces. Uneven seams, deposits or burns are not allowed;
• During installation, the quality of work is checked using a construction hydraulic level.

External doors protect the premises from cold, noise, and unauthorized access. Therefore, they must be of high quality, and safety must be ensured by the presence of anti-burglary devices, for example, vertical bolts.

Metal doors with glass

Entrance, vestibule or other doors made of steel can be equipped with glass. According to GOST requirements, such an insert should not occupy more than 25% of the entire sash area. This is due to safety requirements and allows us to ensure comfortable conditions in room.

Glass is often complemented with forged metal grilles

The basic requirements of the standards suggest that the insert must be made of tempered glass or triplex material that does not form fragments if damaged. This makes the doors safe when exposed to fire, impacts or other factors.

Standards ensuring the quality of glazed products require the following design features:

• the connection between the glass and the door leaf is a sealed zone that ensures reliable fixation of the insert;
• When installing the canvas and frame, the presence of cracks and gaps is not allowed, as condensation may form on the glass;
• installation is carried out using wedges made of plastic or wood, and vertical deviations should not be more than 2 mm.

Glass doors are often complemented by a metal grille or forged insert. Thanks to this, the product acquires aesthetic appearance and resists hacking.

Parameters of metal doors according to GOST

The current standard imposes certain requirements for the dimensions of metal door systems. This is due to the fact that the products must have an optimal size-to-weight ratio necessary for comfortable operation and durability of the door.

Doors are varied not only in appearance, but also in size

During manufacturing, the following GOST standards regarding product parameters are taken into account:

• the diagonals of the valves with an area of ​​1 m2 should have lengths with a difference of no more than 2 mm. If the area of ​​the canvas is larger, then the difference in lengths cannot be more than 3 mm;
• the edges of the canvas and frame are straight, and the deviation from this cannot be more than 1 mm per 1 m of length;
• The box is fastened with anchor bolts, the cross-section of which is at least 10 mm;
• the area of ​​external or other metal doors does not exceed 9 m2. In this case, the recommended height of the sashes is 2200 mm, and the width is up to 1200 mm.

Requirements for fittings

During manufacture, metal doors are equipped with locking devices that meet the requirements of standards 5089 and 538. All hinges, locks, bolts and other parts are made of durable and refractory metal.

During production and installation, the following features are taken into account:

• models weighing more than 200 kg or doors intended for hospitals and other public buildings, fixed to three overhead bearing hinges or parts that allow you to adjust the blade;
• locks and other latches must provide a tight seal, careful pressure to the frame and seals;
• doors of public premises are equipped with anti-panic devices, closers, smoke detectors and other devices that ensure quick opening of the system;
• burglary-resistant or reinforced panels are equipped with multi-bar locking devices that have additional locking into horizontal frame profiles.

The protective properties of a metal door depend on the quality of the lock, handle, hinges, and armored linings on the lock. The type and parameters of these parts are determined before the fabric is manufactured.

GOST: marking and completeness of metal doors

Ready door systems must be supplied assembled, and the locking mechanisms are already installed on the canvas. This makes installation easier even with a non-professional approach, for example, if the buyer decides to install the structure himself.

Metal doors are installed using parts from the kit

Mandatory labeling involves marking each product with a label or inscription with a waterproof marker. The content includes the name of the manufacturer, as well as the brand of the door and the date of its production. The order number and a stamp indicating acceptance of the product by the quality control system must be present.

The finished kit includes instructions for using a metal door and a quality certificate. In these documents, the consumer can find recommendations for installing the element. The kit assumes the presence of a lock, handle, hinges and other parts specified by the manufacturer in the description of the door model or additionally ordered by the buyer.

The requirements of current standards apply to metal doors various types. The application of these standards in practice allows us to obtain quality products and ensure correct installation.