Or putty.

How well this part of the work is carried out will directly determine the appearance of the finished surface and its performance qualities.

If pre-treatment is neglected, the uneven base may begin to deform and crack over time, which will ruin the aesthetics of the top, finishing coating.

Any type cosmetic repairs, or painting, tiling, requires an indispensable preparatory procedure. It can be done by hired finishing specialists, but you can do it yourself.

First you need to inspect the entire room, determine the size and nature of defects and irregularities. Without this, it will be difficult to plan the progress of upcoming work.

What is the best way to level the walls, how to do it easily and quickly?

To accurately assess vertical flaws, you can use a water or.

This way the degree of curvature of existing defects will be more clearly visible.

When the assessment activities are completed, the actual leveling of the wall surfaces begins.

How to level a wall yourself. Preparation

Depending on the type and size of flaws, the number of defects and irregularities, various methods leveling the walls.

• Dry. Involves installation of auxiliary structures different types. For example, this could be drywall. The method is more labor-intensive, because it will require the manufacture of a frame on which sheets of material will then be attached.
• Raw. This method involves the use of special construction compounds: putty and plaster, including. This method well suited for uneven areas ranging from three to five centimeters in size. All holes are carefully sealed with mortar, and the resulting unevenness is carefully smoothed out.

Required materials and tools

For each type of finishing construction work, materials are required, without which it is impossible to do. To level the walls you will have to stock up on:

Types of mixtures

Numerous manufacturers finishing materials offer different kinds solutions with different properties and compositions. Based on their main characteristics, they can be divided into the following groups.

Cement

They have some disadvantages: drying time, not very good adhesion to, slight cracking. The first type of mixtures can be considered more universal.

Plaster

Gypsum-based compositions are especially popular for work.

Leveling the surface with gypsum allows you to apply a fairly wide layer that dries quickly, has excellent ductility, and high heat and sound insulation properties.

There are special gypsum compositions - rotgypsum and rotbands: special additives in them significantly increase adhesive properties.

Heat-saving

Straw is used as filler, sawdust and others natural materials, thanks to which it is possible to maintain an optimal microclimate in the room.

Wall leveling process

Leveling walls with plaster

What is the structure of the wall preparation work?
Before starting work on leveling the walls, it is important to carry out special preparatory work: dismantle the old coating, evaluate work surface, intended for .

It should not delaminate or crumble. Often, already in the process of working on the old layer, after the freshly applied layer has dried, defects that were not visible before become noticeable. To ensure that the result of the work performed pleases you, observe the following conditions:

• the wall must be properly maintained;
• the construction mixture must be chosen wisely;
• beacons are required.

For brickwork It is best to use one of the types of cement mixtures, the cost of which is very low. The material can be applied in a fairly thick layer, which is especially important when treating masonry walls. But it is important to remember that if the applied layer is thicker than two centimeters, a plaster mesh is certainly used to reinforce the composition.

For treating smooth concrete surfaces Gypsum-based leveling compounds are suitable. They contain microparticles of quartz, which give the surface some roughness. Before this, the wall must be primed. A polymer mesh of five by five millimeters is used for reinforcement.

For foam concrete surfaces They also use gypsum-based mixtures with mandatory preliminary priming.

Installation of beacons

What are called lighthouses in construction?

These are unique guides that help control the leveling of the surface during use. liquid products. In this capacity, a special perforated profile is usually used under the plaster, the width of which is determined by the thickness of the applied composition.

It is very convenient to use purchased factory products that do not have to be cleaned after the event, and, accordingly, mask the resulting unevenness.

Such beacons are placed vertically on strips of quick-hardening mixture intended for plastering. The distance between individual beacons is calculated according to the size of the rule so that it does not slide off them, relying on a pair of neighboring ones.

Plaster application technique

To do this, you will need a tool with a handle, which is called a “falcon”: in appearance it resembles a familiar trowel, but has a much larger base. Using such a “falcon” and a trowel, an excess amount of solution is thrown into the gap between the individual beacons.

The mixture is scooped up from the “falcon” with a trowel, then thrown onto the wall. The use of such a device improves labor productivity, since there is no need to constantly approach the working container for the mixture. And this reduces the time required for the event.

Next, the solution is carefully distributed from bottom to top. To apply a more voluminous and massive layer of plaster, make a rough outline without leveling. When this preliminary layer dries, a finishing mark is carried out, which must be leveled.

Leveling the wall with putty

Before starting work, the surface is primed. The process of puttying with your own hands is not difficult.

But the method is not suitable in all cases: leveling the wall in this way is only possible if the height differences are not very significant.

What will you need for the job?

You will need:

1. narrow and wide spatulas,
2. low cuvette.

The mixture should have a thick enough consistency so that the mixture formed during stirring does not change its shape.

Over time, the composition begins to thicken, so a little primer or water is added to it periodically.

If the mixture has required density, then it does not slip off the spatula and adheres perfectly to a vertical surface.

The diluted putty is transferred to a cuvette and covered to prevent it from drying out.

A small amount of the composition is applied to the surface with a spatula, which is then leveled with uniform vertical and horizontal movements.

Holding the spatula at a certain angle, the mixture is distributed to a thickness of 1-2 millimeters: the greater the angle formed by the spatula and the surface, the smaller the thickness of the mixture. It is convenient to fix the spatula blade with the second hand.

When the composition has set slightly, it is washed using a primer. This removes various irregularities and sagging. When the first layer is completely dry, which will take at least a day after washing, it is treated with fine sandpaper, getting rid of roughness.

If you plan to apply a second layer, then the previously puttied surface is primed again.

If you skip this procedure, moisture may be absorbed into the already applied one. After about a day, the surface is sanded again. For convenience, it is wound on a small block or small board.

Drywall

It is not uncommon to encounter walls that are very uneven and have large gouges and gouges. These are almost impossible to fix with plastering.

It is best to use drywall for this purpose.

Getting rid of unevenness with its help can be considered one of the most effective, and at the same time low-budget options.

It can be carried out with or without a frame.

Aligning the walls with the frame

If you prefer frame method, then you first need to make the frame itself - sheets of material will be mounted on it.

It will quickly lose its original appearance, and you will have to do it again. To save time and money, it is better to immediately properly level the walls. Which method of leveling walls is better to choose and how to carry out all the work?

Assessment of wall surface roughness

All methods of leveling walls are divided into two fundamentally different groups:

One way or another choose, taking into account the degree of unevenness of the walls, so this stage is especially important. You can measure how uneven the walls are laser level or regular building level.

Sequence of work looks like this:

1. preparation of the wall surface. In order for the leveling mixture to stick, the wall must be properly treated. First, all remnants of the old coating are removed, then priming is carried out for better adhesion to the plaster layer. Under cement compositions use a primer made from a solution and water, the so-called cement laitance, under gypsum plaster it is better to use a special one;
   
2. if the plaster layer is more than 2 cm, then at this stage it is better to use reinforcing plaster mesh, which will not allow the composition to crumble. It is worth noting that if you use a ready-made factory plaster mixture, then you should pay attention to the composition: some manufacturers use polymer additives, which increase the strength and degree of adhesion of the solution so much that a mesh may not be needed;
3. installation of beacons. Wooden slats or a perforated metal profile are used as beacons, which become a guideline for creating a flat surface. The latter will be more convenient for beginners, since such beacons will not have to be removed after the plaster layer has slightly hardened and then the recesses will be masked. First, two beacons are mounted at opposite ends of the wall, and the beacons are secured with gypsum mortar of the required height until ideal verticality is achieved. Three cords are pulled between the two resulting beacons: at the top, in the middle of the wall and at the bottom, and already focusing on them, intermediate beacons are installed so that they lightly touch the cord. The step between the beacons depends on the size of the tool that will be used to level the plaster mixture (usually a rule is used for this). In any case, the distance between the beacons should be 20 cm less than the length of the instrument;
4. 
   You can find a wide variety in construction stores. On construction site All that remains is to prepare the solution correctly, following the instructions. You can prepare a cement plaster solution yourself: mix cement and sand in a ratio of 1:6, then add water to a creamy consistency. Some experts recommend sticking to a component ratio of 1:2 or 1:3, ready mix It turns out to be more plastic, and therefore easier to handle. The finished solution is used for 1-2 hours until it begins to harden;
5. applying plaster. To do this, you can use a “falcon” and a trowel. The first is to take the mixture from a container, the second is to throw it on the wall in excess. The use of a “falcon”, a tool similar to a trowel, but larger in size, allows you to increase the speed of work. Now, as a rule, you need to evenly distribute the solution from bottom to top, leaning on the beacons. If the leveling layer is thick, then you can first apply a rough outline of the plaster, and after it dries, apply the main layer with leveling along the beacons. If wooden slats were used as the latter, then when the solution dries a little, they need to be carefully removed, the cavities filled with plaster and leveled with a spatula;
6. 
   After the plaster dries, we obtain a smooth but rough surface. To make it smooth, you need to apply thin layer of putty, and then sand the surface with fine sandpaper.

The main advantage of this leveling method is the maximum preservation usable area rooms. The disadvantages are the laboriousness of the process, the need to prepare the base and the presence large quantity dust.

No. 2. Leveling walls with putty

However, do not forget that this method of leveling walls will take up a lot of usable space, and if it is already in short supply, then the room risks turning into a hole. Walls covered with plasterboard sheets will be able to withstand less load than those lined with plaster. If we're talking about about the premises with high humidity, then you should use moisture-resistant plasterboard sheets.

Sequence of work:

1. 
   frame construction. It may consist of or metal profile. The timber does not allow achieving the desired durability of the frame, it is susceptible to the influence of moisture and microorganisms, therefore in most cases today they are used guide and rack metal profile.
   The first two profiles are attached to the floor and ceiling.
   Using a level, draw a straight line on the floor at a distance of 5-6 cm from the wall (more is possible if the curvature is large or you need to hide communications).
   Using a vertical plumb line, the line is transferred to the ceiling.
   Guide profiles are fastened along the resulting lines with self-tapping screws, constantly checking the evenness of their level using a plumb line. Between them, perpendicular to them, along the wall they fasten load-bearing profiles by using . The distance between them is 40-60 cm for plasterboard sheets 120 cm wide;

Very often, when starting to decorate walls, you may encounter a problem related to the quality of the base. Moreover, this problem occurs in most new buildings: the walls of the apartment are uneven, with many different defects. Such a surface cannot be painted or wallpaper glued to it, because... The wallpaper pattern will “float” and the sheets will stick crookedly. How to properly level the walls with your own hands so that the surface becomes perfectly flat?

How to level walls with your own hands

There are two ways to level the walls: using plasterboard sheets and using dry mixtures. Plasterboard wall It will be possible to putty, paint, and wallpaper on it in the future. But many craftsmen do not recommend gluing tiles onto drywall: they say its surface is too smooth. Universal method for leveling walls is the use of dry mixtures (plasters, putties). The finished surface turns out to be perfectly smooth and is perfect for any material - tiles, wallpaper, or simply for painting.

How to evaluate surface roughness

Before you begin leveling the walls, you need to measure the unevenness of the surface. To do this you will need a plumb line or a long level (2-2.5 m). Drive a nail into one of the corners of the room, leaving about 2-3 mm on the surface. This will be the first beacon. Now take some weight, for example a nut, and attach it to the nail by a thread. Hang the plumb line so that the weight almost reaches the floor. When the weight stops swinging, the plumb line forms a straight line. Then drive a second nail into the bottom of the wall so that the nail head and thread are in line.

First of all, you need to carefully prepare the surface for work.

Drive the nails in the same way and lower the plumb line from the opposite part of the wall. You will get four nails driven in around the perimeter of the wall and, accordingly, two straight lines. Now, to measure the unevenness, you will need a long thread, which you need to stretch from one end of the top nail to the opposite side of the bottom one. When fastening the thread crosswise, make sure that it does not come into contact with the wall. Tensioned threads - best landmark, from which you can see the deviation and you can decide how to align the walls, video and photos of the beacon installation process will help you imagine this system.

Now, thanks to the cords stretched at four points, you can see the exact condition of the wall surface in the room. If the deviation is small and is no more than 10-15 mm, gypsum or cement mixtures will be needed to level the wall.

How to level walls for tiles

If you plan to decorate the wall with tiles or tiles in the room, you need to level the walls with dry building mixtures. This method is considered more labor-intensive than, for example, leveling with plasterboard sheets. We will look in detail at how to level the walls in an apartment using mixtures.

The first stage is surface preparation. Clean the walls from old coverings (wallpaper, paint, loose plaster), turn off the power supply. The second stage is priming the base. It is necessary to prime the surface so that the plaster adheres well to the surface. It increases moisture resistance and prevents delamination of materials. For cement mixtures, the so-called “cement laitance” is usually used - a solution of sand, water and cement.

In order for the tile to lie flat and without defects, the surface must be perfect.

To calculate how to level the walls you need to install approximate beacons. Installation of the slats, which will serve as a guide, begins with installing the profile on opposite sides of the wall. The vertical position of the beacon is checked using a plumb line. The profile is fixed on the wall construction plaster– it is applied to the rail at several points. Now pull the cord through the profiles in the middle, bottom and top. Install the remaining slats so that the cord lightly touches them. The distance between the beacons is selected in accordance with the size of the tool that will be used to apply the plaster.

Choosing a leveling mixture

After this, you can begin applying the building mixture. When choosing a leveling compound, pay attention to the maximum thickness of the layer that will be applied and the type of bonding material. Plaster building mixtures It is better to use for living rooms (bedroom, living room, children's room, etc.), as they well maintain the indoor microclimate. For wet rooms such as the kitchen or bathroom - cement mixtures are recommended. Cement-based mixtures prevent moisture from penetrating into concrete base, which prevents the development of fungus and mold.

The choice of dry mixture must be taken very seriously, because this is the key to successful repair work. In this case, you cannot save money by buying cheap building mixtures of dubious production. In addition, remember that each room is suitable certain type mixtures. For example, you cannot level the bathroom walls with gypsum mixture, which may remain after leveling the wall in the bedroom. Relatively brands you can get recommendations directly from hardware store.

Plaster solutions You can cook it yourself. For cement mortar you will need 1 part M400 cement and 6 parts sand. Pour sand into the mixing box and then add a layer of sand. Mix the ingredients thoroughly and start adding water gradually. Stir until creamy consistency. Some craftsmen prepare cement mortars using 1 part cement and 2-3 parts sand as a basis. A mixture with a small amount of sand is more flexible and therefore easier to work with. You need to dilute the purchased dry mixture according to the instructions. Ready solutions must be used within 1-2 hours after preparation, otherwise they may lose their properties.

Work order

Having determined the curvature of the walls using a plumb line, you can calculate approximate costs and consumption of the selected material. By the way, to reduce costs, it is not at all necessary to plaster all the walls to a perfectly smooth surface. In some cases it is enough to Finishing work only on those surfaces on which it is very noticeable: walls on which light falls, walls opposite the window, etc. The surface behind the furniture, cluttered with cabinets, does not have to be perfectly smooth. But, if you decide to correct only the most visible defects, think carefully about this step, suddenly after a while you decide to rearrange or re-glue the wallpaper, and all the irregularities will become noticeable.

The job of leveling walls with a plaster falcon requires some skill, but is not too difficult

Prepare the tools for plastering works. In order to level the walls with your own hands, you will need a spatula for mixing, spreading and smoothing the mortar, a drill with an attachment (construction mixer) for stirring dry mixtures, and a plaster falcon. The plaster falcon is indispensable assistant when carrying out finishing work. Many masters manage without it, despite the fact that this tool greatly simplifies the process of putty and plastering. It is a square shield 45x45 or 40x40 cm, in the middle of which a metal or wooden handle. Applied to the falcon required amount plaster, which is immediately used. Using a falcon, you won't have to constantly bend over to the bucket.

Clear the walls of old paint and wallpaper. After cleaning, carefully inspect the walls for rust stains, soot, oil stains and mildew. Remove all defects found mechanically. For some types of stains, you can use special acid or alkaline compounds. After this, inspect old plaster, selectively tapping the wall surface. Beat poorly adhering plaster away from the surface so that you can subsequently plaster this area with a more durable solution.

Do not carry out finishing work on a damp wall. All damp places from old plaster or stains must be dried. After this, the wall surface is carefully primed. Due to the fact that the primer penetrates deeply into the surface of the base, it significantly improves the adhesion of layers of plaster applied to the wall.

When preparing for work, clear the floors of debris and cover them with thick paper or cardboard so as not to subsequently clean them of dried mortar. So, let's get to work. IN right hand take the plaster spatula and the falcon in the left one. Having collected the required amount of plaster on its surface, throw a portion of the mortar onto the wall and begin leveling. You can plaster the wall by spreading mortar from the falcon. In this case, it must be placed directly against the wall and the falcon with its contents must be directed from the bottom up.

Without experience, it will be quite difficult to get a perfectly flat surface, because... Such work requires accuracy and precision. The same beacons will help you achieve smooth walls. As a guide, there can be slats of the required length, width 2-3 cm and thickness equal to the thickness of the plaster coating. The slats can be secured with plaster mortar or nails.

Installing beacons will help achieve best result and will facilitate the alignment process itself

Plastering with beacons is done as follows: level the solution with a trowel and apply it in the direction from bottom to top. The amount of mortar is added until the layer of plaster reaches the level of the beacons. After this, the slats are carefully removed, and the remaining space is filled with solution.

At the junction of the walls and ceiling, angles are formed that must be made absolutely equal. Crooked corners can also form where two walls meet. How to align the corners of walls and remove defects after plastering work? Alignment can be done both by level and by plane (along the bumps). If the walls are being prepared for wallpaper, then it is better to level the corners. For other types of finishing: decorative plaster, painting, etc. corners can be aligned flat.

When leveling corners with gypsum plaster, a beacon is made in the corner itself, after which the corner is tightened to the width of the rule. The smoothness of the transition from the corner to the wall depends on the width of the rule. The longer the instrument, the less noticeable the transition will be. When working, you should use gypsum plaster (starting putty), since it is this mixture that allows you to level thin layers without sagging.

Leveling walls under tiles using drywall is different high quality

You can align the internal corners using reinforcing tape. Moisten a wide spatula with water and apply to both sides. internal corner putty. Make sure that the surface is evenly covered and that the layer of putty is not too thin. On both sides of the corner, the area covered should be about 50 mm. Dip the reinforcing tape into a bucket of water and bend it in half lengthwise. Now place it on the corner and press it into the putty. Start straightening it by holding the top end and straightening it towards the bottom edge.

Then moisten a wide spatula (10 cm) again and run it along each side of the corner. In this case, the edge of the spatula must be kept as close as possible to the bend. The force with which you need to press should be sufficient to squeeze out excess putty from under the tape. To avoid sagging and unevenness, clean the surface of the corner with a dry spatula. It is not recommended to use sandpaper or sanding mesh for cleaning, because... Doing so may damage the tape. Repeat applying the putty until your angle is perfectly even. Apply the last layer with an angled trowel, the width of which is more than 25 cm. After applying a fresh layer of plaster, run the angled trowel along the surface of the wall, pressing it to both sides. Now grab a 15-25 cm section along the wall. If you get a slight corrugation, remove it with a thin layer of finishing putty.

How to align walls with wallpaper

It is much easier to level walls with plasterboard than with dry mixtures. Plasterboard boards are fixed on a special frame made of metal profiles. A standard sheet of drywall is 2500x1200x12.5 cm. Based on these parameters, decide on the amount of material.

Measure the walls. If their length above and below is the same, then you can safely continue. If the lengths are different, this must be taken into account when mounting the frame. For example, the length of the lower edge of one wall is 3 m, while the length of the opposite wall is 3 m 5 cm. Therefore, these 5 cm must be taken into account when initially marking the room for the frame. You need to start marking from a longer wall, taking into account the distance under the guide.

Wallpaper walls lined with plasterboard look impeccably smooth and even

Next, stepping back 3-4 cm from the wall and ceiling, screw in the self-tapping screw. Attach a plumb line to it with a thick thread (you can take a regular nut). Now tie a thread to the screws and pull it tight. Do the same operation in all corners of the room, stretch the threads on the floor and near the ceiling. This will create the outline of the future drywall sheet. After checking the length of the parallel lines, remove the threads and attach the guides to the screws. After this, insert the guide posts into the guides on the floor and ceiling, in increments of 40-50 cm, having previously sawed them off to the height of the room. The resulting frame must be firmly strengthened. This is done by securing the racks to the guides with self-tapping screws. Now each of the racks must be firmly attached to the wall. For this, use simple wooden planks, slipping them into the gap between the wall and the gypsum plasterboard wall, attaching them with long screws, after inserting dowels first. Sheets of plasterboard are attached to each rack in increments of 30-40 cm. In this case, the heads of the screws must be slightly recessed into the plasterboard.

When you install all the sheets, you will have it perfect Smooth surface, which can be painted, wallpapered or applied to decorative plaster.

Video guide

Uneven walls can ruin even the most Beautiful design interior Unfortunately, both in new buildings and in “secondary” housing, the wall surfaces rarely allow immediate finishing. Of course, you can limit yourself to masking unevenness with wallpaper with a small pattern or arranging large furniture, but it is still better to level the walls.

Most often, plaster is used to solve this problem. In addition, doing plastering work yourself helps to significantly reduce repair costs. To get perfectly smooth walls, you just need to know and follow the simple rules for using this material.

Peculiarities

There are two ways to make a wall smooth: using plaster and using plasterboard sheets. Already leveled walls can be additionally plastered to bring the surface to perfection.

It is easier for beginners to work with drywall, but plaster also has its advantages:

• The material does not require installation of a frame under the cladding, thereby saving room space. For wiring electricity or water supply, special recesses are cut into the wall itself.
• The wall turns out to be monolithic. Seams and joints that are always present when plasterboard sheathing, does not happen when plastering.
• Even a thick layer of gypsum plaster is protected from cracks.
• Plaster is most often environmentally friendly building material, does not contain or emit substances harmful to humans.

With all its advantages, leveling the wall using gypsum or cement mixtures also has significant disadvantages:

• Working with plaster requires significantly more time than with the “dry method” of leveling.
• It is quite difficult for a non-professional to calculate the amount of ingredients required for work in a given area.
• There must be water at the site.
• For plastering station, according to SNIP, 3-phase voltage is required. Although during renovation small rooms You can also use a station operating from a regular 220 V outlet.
• Plastering is a “dirty” process that requires care and subsequent thorough cleaning of the room.

How to level it?

There are several varieties plaster mixtures: with cement, with clay and with gypsum. When working with any type of material, it is necessary to use special tools: spatulas, brushes, levelers, scrapers, containers, a mixer for stirring, a trowel and sandpaper. To facilitate the process, you can also use various guides, beacons and corners.

For exterior work and finishing non-residential premises It is better to use cement plaster. It is cheap and durable, and the proportions can be changed depending on preference and purpose. However, physically working with such a mixture is quite difficult. It does not adhere well to concrete surfaces. In addition, when large thickness cracks may appear in the plaster layer. It is also worth noting the fact that any cement mixtures take a long time to dry.

Leveling apartment walls using gypsum plaster considered the most the best option. It is environmentally friendly, has increased moisture absorption, provides good thermal insulation. Consumption of such mixtures per 1 sq. m is significantly lower than the consumption of cement products, but the cost of such materials is higher.

Clay plaster is used much less often, since working with it requires some experience. This material is also environmentally friendly, elastic and has high moisture absorption, like gypsum mixtures. But, unlike gypsum and cement, such plaster must be updated annually, because small cracks appear along the perimeter.

Preparatory work

Before directly leveling the wall surface, it is necessary to carry out the following preparation:

• First you need to remove the old coating (wallpaper, paint or upper layer old plaster).
• You should also thoroughly rinse and clean the surface from dust, dirt and stains.
• All cracks and chips are carefully cleaned with a spatula. To carry out preparatory work at the joints of walls, you can use a special tool - an angle spatula.
• At this stage, it is necessary to remove all switches and sockets, insulate and hide the de-energized wires in the recesses.
• It is better to coat the cleaned wall with a primer so that the plaster adheres better to the surface. The primer is selected taking into account the wall covering material (concrete, wood, brick or old layer plaster). The primer also helps strengthen the plaster layer and repels excess moisture. To apply it, you can use a regular brush, roller or spray gun.

Following the instructions, you must wait completely dry. Then you can start measuring the curvature and choosing a work technique.

Selection and alignment technique

There are two ways to level the surface using plaster yourself:

• The rule(in non-residential and utility rooms). In this case, it is necessary to use a rule of at least 1 m in length. It is worth considering that the surface of the wall will still not be able to be perfectly leveled. It is necessary to fill the recesses and cracks with plaster in advance, knock down the protrusions with a spatula and a hammer. The composition is applied to the wall with throwing movements from floor to ceiling and stretched over the entire area using the rule. Then take a longer tool (from 2 m) and pass it several times in the direction from bottom to top, correcting minor defects and irregularities.

• By lighthouses(most often this is how walls are aligned in living rooms). In order to find out what the curvature of the wall is, you need to apply a level and measure the difference between the starting and ending points. If the difference is 10 mm or less, there is no need to plaster the surface; you can get by with putty. In case of a larger difference, it is necessary to correctly apply beacon landmarks. For this purpose in upper corners The walls need to be drilled two holes and screws inserted into them. Then, pressing the plumb line to one of the selected points, you need to select the largest protrusion and screw the screw below strictly vertically to this protrusion. The same must be done at the other end of the wall. Then you should check the correctness of both guides using a level.

The rest of the wall space is divided into strips, equal to length rules, and screws are also screwed in at the top and bottom. After this, the wall must be cleaned again, primed and the guide plumbs removed from it. After the primer has dried, plaster is applied along the marked lines, and beacon profiles are inserted into it. Excess plaster must be removed.

Kneading

The leveling itself begins with mixing gypsum or sand plaster according to the instructions on the package. The dry mixture is poured into the prepared container, water is added and mixed thoroughly using a construction mixer or any long-handled tool at hand. The mixture should stand for a while, after which it needs to be mixed again.

Rough layer

In order to make the first (rough) layer, you need to apply the mixture with a spatula to the wall using a throwing motion. Application is carried out from floor to ceiling in the space between two beacons. If the curvature of the wall is minimal, then a rough application is enough to make the layer align with the profile.

Repeated layers

If applying a rough layer is not enough, then after it has dried, it is necessary to repeat the application as many times as necessary to hide the leveling profile under the layers.

Alignment by rule

After last layer If it sticks slightly, it needs to be leveled using a rule. The tool is pressed tightly against the surface and moves smoothly upward. The action must be repeated until the ribs of the beacons appear from under the coating. After this, you need to let the composition completely set.

Removing beacons and polishing

As soon as the coating becomes strong enough, the beacons are removed from it, and the recesses remaining from them are filled with plaster. The completely dry wall is moistened, and then all defects are smoothed out using a float, float and sandpaper.

Smooth walls

You can level any crooked wall using plaster using the method described above. However, depending on the type of composition used, the characteristics of the wall surface and subsequent finishing, The work process may vary slightly:

1. Brick walls must first be moistened with water. This way the mixture will stick better to the brick.
2. For alignment clay walls It is necessary to use only those plasters that weigh less than clay.
3. If the wall was previously plastered, and the reliability of the old coating is still high, you can put a new layer on the old plaster without knocking it down. In order to determine the strength of the old layer, you need to knock on the surface of the wall. Where the sound is muffled, the plaster holds perfectly and does not need to be dismantled. If the sound is ringing, old masonry must be dismantled using an ax or hammer and spatula.

Leveling walls with plaster in an apartment is carried out the same way in almost all rooms. The exception is work in the bathroom and toilet. Since there is high humidity in these rooms, the applied mixture may become deformed and move away from the wall.

In this case, it is better to choose a cement solution, since it is more moisture resistant. The mixed mass should be completely homogeneous. The surface of the wall must be covered with a primer. If several layers are applied cement plaster, then it is necessary to make shallow notches on the pre-dried bottom layer so that the top layer is better attached to it. If you plan to install it in the future ceramic tiles, deviations in wall level should not exceed one centimeter.

Sometimes it becomes necessary to plaster a wall that has already been lined with plasterboard:

• To do this, you need to prepare the surface in advance.
• You need to clean and prime it, putty all the seams and places where the gypsum board is attached to the profile, correct the corners using special corners that are placed under the plaster.
• The mixture itself must be selected with the lowest liquid content, or initially moisture-resistant gypsum plasterboards must be installed.

On plastered cement mixture It is not recommended to glue wallpaper onto a wall, as the surface will be too grainy. However, if you remove the crumbling layer and treat the wall with a special impregnation or glue, the wallpaper can, in principle, be glued. However, it is better to glue them onto gypsum plaster, plastered with special mixtures and carefully sanded.

Hard to reach places

Working with plaster on a wall surface is not particularly difficult, even for those who are doing this for the first time. However, plastering corners, slopes or ceilings can cause difficulties.

In order to plaster window and door openings, you must follow certain rules:

• It is important to carry out all the preparatory work. It is necessary to cover with film all window and door elements that can be damaged and dirty. It is best to use corners that serve as beacons and additionally reinforce the plaster layer. They need to be installed in advance. It is also necessary to attach a bar that defines the plane in which the composition is applied.

• The paste solution should be mixed in such an amount that it is enough for one hour of work. If you make a large volume of plaster at once, the mixture will thicken before the end of the process.
• Plaster is applied from the bottom of the opening or slope to the top; a small rule is used for leveling. The excess solution is removed with a trowel, the surface is inspected, and defects are eliminated. The procedure is repeated as many times as necessary to obtain a neat, flat surface.
• After the finished slopes and openings have completely dried, you can coat the surface with paint or lay tiles.

It is recommended to level the corners of the room with plaster using beacons or reinforcing mesh with a counter-shoulder.

When starting to finish the walls with wallpaper, tiles, paint and varnish materials and other types decorative covering in an apartment or house, you must first remove all the unevenness and remove the flaws. Because even small defects can subsequently lead to noticeable damage finishing. The result is deterioration appearance walls, and ultimately refurbishment. If you approach decorating the walls of a room wisely, then first you should do some work to level the surface.

Depending on the humidity level, the type of room, defects and many other features, you can level the walls with your own hands in various ways:

• plastering;
• puttying the wall;
• surface finishing with plasterboard.

Let's look at each method in more detail.

The easiest way to have a beautiful front lawn

You've certainly seen the perfect lawn in a movie, on an alley, or perhaps on your neighbor's lawn. Those who have ever tried to grow a green area on their site will no doubt say that it is a huge amount of work. The lawn requires careful planting, care, fertilization, and watering. However, only inexperienced gardeners think this way; professionals have long known about the innovative product - liquid lawn AquaGrazz.

Leveling the wall with putty

Thanks to this finishing option, minor defects in the wall surface can be eliminated. This type is ideal before painting, before wallpapering, to hide visible defects.

Before you independently level this surface in an apartment or in other rooms, you must first treat the walls with a primer and only then begin puttying. This type Suitable for minor surface differences.

Tools for wall putty:

• wide spatula;
• narrow spatula;
• flat bottom cuvette;
• container for mixing the solution;
• level;
• a stick (ideally an attachment to a drill) for stirring the solution.

The mixture must be mixed until a cone is formed that retains its shape. The finished putty thickens quickly, so there is no need to apply the solution in large quantities. If thickening has already occurred, it can be diluted to the required state with water or a primer.

Putty application technology

The required amount of the mixture is placed in a cuvette, and the rest is covered to prevent it from drying out quickly. The puttying process should begin from the floor to the ceiling, applying a small amount of solution using a spatula. Using a small spatula, apply the mixture to a large one and apply the latter to the wall at an acute angle. Then, to a thickness of 1-2 mm, we begin to level the surface with vertical and horizontal strokes, applying a level from time to time.

Undoubtedly, the wider the spatula, the smoother the surface of the wall will be, but, unfortunately, it will be more difficult to hold it.

After the solution has hardened on the wall surface, it is necessary to remove various irregularities by washing with a primer. Then, after washing, wait until it dries completely (usually at least a day) and then you can start sanding to remove roughness. If necessary, you can apply a second layer of putty to the wall, having first primed it (if this is not done, the surface may crack). It is very important to know that under no circumstances should drafts be allowed in the room until the putty has completely dried, i.e., at least three days. Aligning the walls using the method discussed above is possible in various rooms both in living rooms (kitchen, bathrooms, etc.) and in technical rooms.

Plastering walls

To level the walls yourself using this method, you need to know that the work is quite labor-intensive, but at the same time the walls look neat and aesthetically pleasing.

If this is the first time you have to work with plaster yourself, then it is better to first try small area walls to understand the principle of operation and “get your hands on it.”

The plastering method is carried out not only in a private house, but is also used a lot in an apartment, because uneven surfaces are quite common there.

The following materials are needed:

• guide rails;
• level;
• drill for mixing the solution with a special nozzle;
• deep penetration primer;
• roller for priming the wall;
• tray;
• container for administering the solution.

Padding

First, you should prepare the wall by cleaning it from dust and dirt, removing crumbling elements. Then prime this surface.

The soil mixture helps prepare the wall covering, removes dust and moisturizes it, reduces porosity, prevents the appearance of fungi and mold, and, importantly, enhances the adhesion of the plaster.

The primer is applied using a roller, if there are irregularities in the wall and the recesses must be coated manually with a brush.

After the properly prepared surface has dried, you can begin installing the beacons.

Installation of guide rails (beacons)

When plastering the surface, special beacons are first placed. These are metal guides, they help to perfectly align the wall.

For beacons you can use not only metal materials, but also wooden slats, plywood, etc.

But unfortunately, by saving on the profile and leveling the wall, not everyone will be able to make it perfectly level, especially if there is no experience in plastering walls. A T-shaped beacon profile would be ideal for this. It is lightweight and durable, securely attached to surfaces.

Beacons should be attached to the wall with plaster mortar in several places and leveled at once before the mortar hardens. The distance between the guides should be 1-1.5 m, but from the corner of the room it should not be more than 30 cm.

Methods of attaching beacons:

• plaster. It is better to lay it in a layer with a thickness of 15 to 30 mm, therefore, the beacons should be placed taking into account these dimensions. If you apply a thicker layer, then the plaster may slide off the wall or simply fall off. When using this method, you need to let it dry for about 4 to 5 hours;
• using Ushastik devices and self-tapping screws. The distance between slats is usually 1-1.5 m.

Let's start the main work - plastering

The pre-primed wall must be slightly moistened to improve the adhesion of the plaster. Now you should spread the solution onto the surface of the wall in a layer, protruding beyond the guides from 3 to 4 mm, trying to completely fill the recesses in the wall.

After application, it is better to level it immediately, without waiting for the solution applied to the wall to dry. It is convenient to do the alignment by starting from the bottom and moving up and to the side, pressing down a little. If there is not enough plaster on the wall, you need to add it to achieve a smooth surface.

This wall takes up to 12 days to dry. And only after this time can the final decoration be done using modern materials.

Features of plastering depending on the surface

The material from which the wall is made plays a huge role in the quality of these works:

• if the wall is brick, then it will require a mortar with a cement base or, if the room has high humidity, then you need to choose a mixture with the addition of lime. If the walls are made of facing bricks, then a problem arises - the smooth surface of the brick, you have to additionally reinforce the wall with a special mesh so that the plaster does not slip. And already carry out work on such a wall, but this process will be difficult, so if you have little experience, then you should contact specialists or simply choose a different alignment method;
• If concrete surface walls. If it is smooth, it must be treated with a specialized soil mixture with quartz inclusions. This will help give the wall a rough look. To improve adhesion, it is worth adding gypsum powder to the cement solution for this surface. Lime-gypsum mixtures are also suitable;
• foam concrete walls. Gypsum and cement mortars are suitable for this surface. The primer must be used with deep penetration.

Leveling the walls in an apartment with your own hands using the method discussed above is a rather “dirty” and labor-intensive process that not everyone can do the first time.

Do-it-yourself plasterboard wall finishing

This method is great for leveling if there is large differences in the wall surface, the installation itself is not labor-intensive. Doing it yourself is not at all difficult and, undoubtedly, its main advantage is that you can immediately begin decorating the wall immediately after covering it.

There are two methods of attaching drywall to the surface:

• installation on a frame;
• installation on adhesive composition straight to the wall.

Frame method

The main disadvantage of this method is that it reduces the area of ​​the room by approximately 5 cm. But this method is quite reliable.

To install plasterboard sheets, the installation of a durable frame is most often used. It is made from galvanized profile.

Types of metal profiles:

• guide – PN (U-shaped)
• rack-mount - PS.

Straight U-shaped hangers are also additionally needed; it is better to fix them using dowel-nails in increments of 40 to 50 cm. They are necessary for more reliable fastening of the rack profile.

Required tools:

• perforator;
• screwdriver;
• metal scissors;
• level;
• roulette;
• knife for cutting drywall;
• dowel-nails;
• self-tapping screws

Leveling the wall with plasterboard sheets is carried out using additional markings. This is enough important stage. Because according to this marking the frame will be attached. Standard width plasterboard is 120 cm, so the distance between the racks must be 60 cm. Thus, the edges of the plasterboard will be in the middle of the metal profile and it will ultimately be laid on 3 racks. The height of the profile must match the height of the room.

It is necessary to attach a guide profile along the entire perimeter of the wall, taking into account that the length to the edge is at least 3.5 cm.

The profile is mounted according to the markings made.

Profile installation steps:

• a guide profile is installed on the dowel-nails, holes are made with a hammer drill directly through the profile;
• attach the rack profile, inserting it into the guide, adjusting it according to the markings made, fastening it with self-tapping screws;
• in increments of no more than 80 cm, install direct hangers and attach the racks to the hangers with self-tapping screws. It is important that the racks are vertical, without bending.

Plasterboard sheets are attached to the existing frame using self-tapping screws, taking steps of about 25 cm. Standard height plasterboard 2.5 m and more high rooms it is necessary to sew additionally, and an additional horizontal profile should be added to the frame between the posts. Additional sheets of drywall should be installed in a checkerboard pattern.

When sheathing a wall, you need to leave room for a gap of 5 mm between the sheets.

Seam sealing steps:

• thorough priming of seams;
• using self-adhesive sickle tape to seal the seams;
• Putty the joints, then sand them.

Installation of plasterboard sheets with adhesive composition

To begin with, it is better to carefully remove the old wall finish, then you should use putty to repair the unevenness and defects of the wall. After preliminary preparation the surface needs to be primed.

The next step will be preparing the plasterboard sheets for applying glue. First you need to cut the sheets for pasting, taking into account that there should be gaps of about 5 cm at the top and bottom.

You need to drill holes on the wall for dowel nails. They will additionally support the drywall on the wall until the adhesive has completely dried.

The glue is prepared from a special mixture and water. It dries almost immediately, so it should be prepared in small batches.

When everything is ready, glue should be applied to reverse side drywall. It is applied in longitudinal stripes along the edge and in heaps every 25-30 cm along the rest of the surface. Then, without leveling the glue, we apply the sheet to the wall, pressing it evenly.

At the final stage, gluing drywall is required, as in frame method- sealing seams. Finishing the surface in this way is quite simple, almost anyone can do it.

It is important to know that in order to level the walls of rooms with high humidity (for example, in the kitchen), you need to use moisture-resistant plasterboard near water supply lines.

Thus, having learned how to level the walls with your own hands, you can do high-quality repairs in the kitchen or other rooms.