Brick is a durable and non-flammable material; it can withstand high loads and is used in the construction of buildings of various heights. The main disadvantage of such a house is the high thermal conductivity of the walls. The problem can be solved by increasing the thickness brickwork or by insulating the building from the outside.

Insulation of brick walls is divided into three types: external, internal and intra-wall. The last option involves constructing a building using well masonry and placing a heat insulator during the construction stage.

Internal insulation takes away usable area premises, it causes dampness in the walls and is not effective enough. Its advantage is the ability to complete the work at any convenient time and the low cost of materials. If you have a choice, you should give preference to external thermal insulation.

Among its advantages:

• The walls are protected from external influences, so they will last a long time.
• Significant reduction in heating costs.
• The opportunity to create the architectural design of the house to your liking.
• Absence of moisture, mold and mildew on the surface of the walls.

Main characteristics of thermal insulation materials

In order for the protection of brick walls to be reliable and durable, the materials used must have characteristics that can withstand precipitation, wind, frost and heat.

• Water absorption coefficient is a characteristic of a product that shows how much moisture it can absorb. It is better to choose a material with a low index.
• Coefficient of thermal conductivity - main criterion when studying insulation. It shows the amount of heated air lost per 1 hour per square meter. m of material having a thickness of 1 m. This indicator is used as a guide when choosing the thickness of the insulation layer. The best products according to this criterion are polystyrene foam and mineral wool.
• Flammability - determines how dangerous a material is in a fire. The products are divided into four cash registers according to this characteristic; preference is best given to G1, which go out without an open flame. Expanded polystyrene boards are susceptible to fire; when using them for cladding, choose those marked “C”, meaning self-extinguishing.
• Density determines the amount of additional weight on the structure - the lower the indicator, the lighter the material.
• The sound insulation level indicates the possibilities for reducing penetrating noise. All popular heat insulators have this quality to a sufficient extent.
• Environmental friendliness - the criterion determines the safety of insulation for health. For exterior finishing it is not decisive, but natural materials preferable to synthetic ones.
• Difficulty of installation - if the work is done with your own hands, you need to choose a simple and understandable technology laying thermal insulation.

The list of popular materials for exterior cladding of a house includes a few products:

• Styrofoam;
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• mineral wool;
• warm plaster.

They have different composition, cost and installation features. Let's look at each material in detail.

Foam plastic - slabs of foamed polystyrene, which are cells filled with gas. This structure provides low thermal conductivity 0.032-0.039, good sound insulation and light weight. The density of the foam is 35-50 kg/m3, the recommended layer thickness is 10 cm. The material is capable of absorbing moisture, and therefore requires waterproofing. The disadvantage of insulation is flammability, vapor permeability and sensitivity to light.

Extruded polystyrene foam - the product has the properties of polystyrene foam, but in an improved version. The material does not absorb water, it is more durable and easy to process, its thermal conductivity is 0.028-0.032. The cost of extruded polystyrene foam boards is higher than other materials for thermal insulation.

Mineral wool is one of the the best insulation materials, it does not burn, is safe, has a low density - 35-125 kg/m3. The raw materials for the material are glass, stone and slag. Air voids of 10-15 cm remain between the fibers, thanks to which mineral wool has a thermal conductivity of 0.04-0.045, absorbs noise well and allows steam to pass through. For effective protection, a layer of 10-15 cm is needed.

The product is available in the form of rolls, mats and slabs. Basalt wool in the slab version it is characterized by resistance to deformation and increased density - 75-150 kg/m3. The material fits easily into the frame and does not cause problems during installation. The only drawback of mineral wool is its high water absorption, which requires mandatory waterproofing. The insulation is affordable, which contributes to its popularity.

Warm plaster is a dry mixture of cement, lime, plasticizers and additives from expanded polystyrene granules, expanded clay, perlite. The material is somewhat inferior in terms of thermal insulation - 0.06-0.065, but has many advantages: it does not burn, is vapor permeable, resistant to moisture and microorganisms, and insulates sound well. Plaster has a significant density of 200-350 kg/m3, so it puts additional load on the foundation. The maximum insulation thickness is 5 cm.

Talking about how to insulate brick house outside, you cannot miss the opportunity to decorate with thermal panels. This material is characterized by a low thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.025 with a small thickness of 60-100 mm. The base of the product is polyurethane foam, the decorative part is made of ceramic tiles. The material is resistant to frost and moisture, can be quickly installed and does not require additional finishing.

Mineral wool thermal insulation technology

Insulation of a brick house is carried out in two ways:

• creation of a ventilated facade;
• “wet facade”, gluing slabs to walls.

Mineral wool is optimally suited for the first method, which involves creating a sheathing and a multi-layer cake with vapor and waterproofing.

1. The surface of the walls is covered with a sheathing made of timber treated with an antiseptic compound or a metal profile. The guides are placed in increments less than the width of the insulation by 2 cm. This will allow the material to be laid more tightly.
2. Mineral wool is placed between the bars and covered with a waterproofing sheet.
3. The film is attached to the sheathing with a stapler.
4. Thin slats are placed on top of the moisture protection, which will provide air gap between insulation and cladding.
5. The siding is attached to the slats.

Basalt wool slabs are strong enough to be installed without a frame. Correct styling insulation begins with screwing a horizontal metal profile at the bottom, which will keep the material from sliding. The plates are fixed with special glue and dowels with a wide head. Each row begins with an offset. After finishing all surfaces of the facade, a mesh is laid on the mineral wool and a layer of plaster is applied.

Insulating a house with polystyrene foam according to the “wet facade” principle

Panels of polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam are attached to the wall using a simple technology called “wet facade” due to the presence of processes that require drying.

1. Preparation in progress brick wall: cleaning from dirt, eliminating defects, priming.
2. At the level of the plinth it is attached metallic profile, which will become a beacon when laying the first row and a drip for moisture.
   Glue is applied pointwise to the insulation boards and they are pressed against the wall.
3. Performed additional fastening dowels - in the corners and in the center.
4. Work begins from the bottom of the corner, the rows are laid offset for the stability of the structure.
5. On top finished insulation lay down plastic mesh for reinforcement and apply thin base layer plaster.
6. After the solution has dried, priming is performed and final finishing decorative plaster.

How to apply warm plaster to walls?

Working with insulating plaster will take time, especially if you lack painting skills. To properly prepare the solution, the mixture is diluted according to the instructions.

1. Brick walls are cleaned and protruding parts are removed. The surface is primed with a penetrating compound.
2. Attached plaster mesh and beacons to create a common plane.
3. The prepared solution is applied to the walls. The thickness of the layer depends on climatic conditions, but it should not exceed 5 cm.
4. You can create various decorative textures on the finished surface.

The insulation materials considered can be used in any region; the thickness of effective thermal insulation is calculated according to local climatic characteristics.

A house built of brick, although it has the ability to retain heat, however, without additional work due to insulation it will not be possible to save on heating.

Let's figure it out: how to insulate a brick house from the outside and inside, how to minimize heat loss, what materials and methods to choose for this. Let's look at everything in order.

How to insulate a brick house from the outside

Builders always recommend carrying out insulation work from the outside. What causes this? It's simple - the possibility of condensation appearing on the walls. After all, if insulation material placed only inside, the wall will not warm up and dampness will appear under the layer. This will cause fungi, mold, and a damp smell, which will not have the best effect on your health.

It is preferable to insulate a house from the outside than from the inside

Excellent for external insulation following materials, which should be considered in more detail.

Cotton wool: eco, mineral, fiberglass

Enough cheap material, having a low thermal conductivity coefficient. It is highly environmentally friendly, as it is produced by mixing basalt rock with pre-molten slag remaining in the metallurgical industry.

Environmental friendliness, low price, does not burn

Most valuable properties cotton wool:

• Little exposed to diffusion;
• Steam conductivity;
• Low thermal conductivity;
• Soundproofing qualities are quite high;
• Able to last a long time;
• Incombustibility.

Outer layer of facing bricks

What significantly reduces the value of any type of wool is its ability to get wet and lose its heat-insulating properties. Therefore, it is additionally important to sheathe it with a material that has more hygroscopic properties.

Expanded polystyrene

This material is highly resistant to moisture due to its cellular structure.

Insulation of a brick house with polystyrene foam

Of course, it is more flammable than mineral wool, but it has the following properties at a price that is an order of magnitude lower:

1. Excellent heat and sound insulation;
2. Does not create a favorable environment for the growth of bacteria;
3. Tolerates temperature changes well;
4. Vapor permeability is quite low;
5. Self-extinguishing. When in contact with a fire source, polystyrene foam melts, but then quickly extinguishes.

The material is attached between the main wall and the facing layer

When using polystyrene foam, it is very important to know that in winter the rooms will remain warm, and in warm weather they will be cool.

Insulation of a brick house from the inside

It must be remembered that when carrying out work, there is a high chance that the footage of the room will decrease. Before installation, you should initially attach a wooden or metal carcass. It is between them that the layers should be laid thermal insulation material.

We build a frame for laying insulation

It is very important to determine the dew point correctly, otherwise no material will be able to protect the walls from freezing.

Drywall

Using plasterboard sheets, you can not only achieve high thermal insulation properties, but also create a perfectly flat surface.

Plasterboard wall covering

The disadvantages of using this material are quite obvious. Firstly, it has a wide volume, because interior decoration It is better not to use it at all, otherwise there is a high chance of greatly reducing the area of ​​the room. Secondly, it has a fairly small load-bearing capacity. There is no need to hang anything additional on it.

Mineral wool is covered with sheets of plasterboard

In external work, you can use drywall either alone or together with cotton wool. This will significantly improve sound insulation.

Liquid wallpaper

This material is decorative, but can be used as additional insulation. It is recommended to use them independently only if the walls are not too susceptible to freezing.

Liquid wallpaper - beautiful and functional

Thermal insulation is increased due to the structure that liquid wallpaper has. It contains a finely porous dispenser material that helps create a dense structure.

The process of applying liquid wallpaper

In addition to the walls, you should also carry out.

Carpet

Not used as often as other types of materials. It is quite easy to attach it, and besides, the carpet has high decorative properties and a huge number of shades, which allows you to choose it for every taste.

Brick houses in private construction are very popular. Their durability and performance qualities have long been beyond doubt, but, nevertheless, such buildings also require insulation, thereby ensuring not only the comfort of living in a house in the harsh climatic regions of Russia, but also energy savings.

Selecting a heater

The construction of brick walls can be done in different ways. Solid or hollow bricks are used for masonry; the thermal conductivity coefficients of these materials are different and provide different thermal insulation for the house. In addition, brick walls can be laid solidly or with the formation of cavities for insulation (the so-called well masonry), which determines the thickness of the walls of the house as a whole and the degree of thermal insulation of the building in particular.

Insulation of a brick house is carried out using three different ways. Which of them is applicable in each individual case depends on the goals that the house owner wants to achieve when arranging thermal insulation, and the stage of construction at which work on insulating the building is carried out.

The first two types of insulation work can be carried out almost at any time, both at the stage of completing the construction of a house and during the operation of the building - these are external and internal insulation. External thermal insulation is the most popular and involves laying insulation on the outside of the house. This type of insulation can also provide protective function, protecting the walls from the effects of various climatic factors. External insulation of buildings can only be carried out during the spring-autumn period.

Work on the internal insulation of buildings is carried out out of season; they provide for thermal insulation not only of walls, but also of the floor, ceiling and interfloor ceilings.

The third type of work on insulating houses is intra-wall, it can only be carried out at the stage of wall construction. The method involves securing the material between the internal and external brickwork.

Depending on the method of insulation and the expected operational properties of the thermal insulation, the choice of material is also carried out. The main characteristics of insulation that you need to pay attention to Special attention, and are:

• thermal conductivity - the level of this indicator ultimately affects the thickness of the thermal insulation layer;
• water absorption - determines the degree of resistance of the material to absorbing moisture from the environment;
• density – characterizes the mass of thermal insulation and determines the thickness and weight of the insulation;
• flammability - indicates the ability of a material to burn;
• vapor permeability - determines the ability of the insulation to pass moist air through itself, that is, to “breathe”;
• sound insulation ability - characterizes the ability of a material to reduce the level of noise entering the room.

Options for insulating a brick house

External insulation of a brick house involves laying heat-insulating material with outside building. This method of insulation ensures that the walls are heated with warm air, evaporating excess moisture and heat accumulation, and thus, even during heating interruptions, the room does not cool down for a long time, and the flow of cold air is restrained by a layer of thermal insulation.

Let's consider the following types of external insulation of brick walls:

• insulation with ventilated facade technology;
• “wet façade” insulation system;
• inter-wall insulation;
• insulation of the facade with thermal panels.

Ventilated facade

Ventilated facades are a structure assembled from the outside of the building and consisting of two main parts - a frame and cladding. The frame can be made of different materials, it forms the necessary gap between the cladding and the wall, in which air moves (ventilation). For brick houses, the optimal use will be metal base under the cladding, façade panels are attached to it.

A ventilated facade can be a more complex, multi-layer structure. The first layer is external cladding, the second and third are lathing with gaps, the fourth is an insulator.

The installation of ventilated facades for brick houses has an undoubted advantage - thanks to the constant ventilation of the gaps, they help remove excess moisture from load-bearing structures buildings and thereby prevent their premature destruction. In addition, the use similar systems allows you to save by one third the funds allocated for air conditioning and heating the house and thus reduce the cost of its maintenance.

As for facing brick walls, they can be made with siding, porcelain stoneware or other modern building materials.

Video instructions for installing a ventilation facade.

Wet facade

Another equally popular method of insulating brick houses is the “wet facade”. This insulation system includes the following components:

• thermal insulation layer– represents the insulation itself, glue mixture and dowels, with the help of which the material is attached to the base. Mineral wool, expanded polystyrene or extruded polystyrene foam are usually used as thermal insulation;

• reinforcing layer– protects the insulation from atmospheric influences, and also gives the surface mechanical strength and bearing capacity required for application decorative covering. This layer consists of a special fiberglass mesh and adhesive solution;

• decorative finishing layer– final, usually represented by decorative plaster of various structures and colors.

Application wet facades requires strict adherence to the instructions for their installation, ensuring the reliability and durability of the structure.

Video instructions for installing a wet facade.

Interwall insulation

If the insulation of the walls of a brick house is carried out at the stage of building a house, then in this case the most acceptable
An option for thermal insulation can be inter-wall insulation. It involves laying insulation (usually mineral wool, polystyrene foam or expanded clay) between the internal and external walls of a building. The heat insulator is attached to the first brickwork, leaving a small area for ventilation. air gap and then the subsequent, external masonry wall is erected.

This method of insulation fully allows the use of materials of low mechanical strength and necessarily also includes laying vapor and waterproofing.

Inter-wall insulation can be supplemented with any other method of thermal insulation of the house - internal or external.

Insulation of brick walls with thermal panels

The combination of thermal insulation of a building and its decorative cladding give so-called thermal panels - facade material With clinker tiles. Thermal panels are attached directly to outer wall buildings without her preliminary preparation and followed by unstitching.

The advantage of this material is obvious:

• reducing the cost of finishing the house;
• glueless connection of elements;
• solving problems of ventilation and façade sealing;
• preventing the appearance of cold bridges and condensation.

You can find out in detail about the installation of thermal panels.

Video instructions for installing thermal panels.

Installation of thermal panels does not require special skills and can be done without strengthening the foundation of the house. The care and operation of this building material is also not particularly difficult.

Content

Brick - classic material for the construction of a house designed for many decades of use. The thermal conductivity of brick walls depends on its thickness - the number of rows of masonry. If a wall in a brick house freezes in the first winter after construction, this means that the construction technology has been violated or the thickness of the enclosing structures is insufficient. In this case, it is necessary to solve the issue of thermal insulation external walls the buildings. Priority should be given to external insulation, but its installation is not always possible. Let's look at how to insulate a brick house from the inside, what materials are preferable to use and how to properly carry out the installation of thermal insulation.

How to insulate internal brick walls of a house Features of wall insulation

Human activity is associated with a large release of heat and moisture. Heat is emitted by bodies and household appliances. Moisture is released during breathing, during cooking, and when using water for hygiene procedures, washing dishes, watering flowers. And the warmer the air, the better it retains moisture.

If the walls are not insulated enough, condensation will form on them when the heated, humid air cools. It will provoke the development of fungus, and dark spots will appear on the surface of the walls and ceiling. Fungal spores are harmful to human health - they enter the respiratory system, causing asthma attacks or allergic reaction. In addition, mold has a destructive effect on the materials from which the walls are built and irreparably damages the finish.

Wall with and without insulation

Before insulating the walls of a brick house from the inside, it is advisable to understand how this will affect the operating conditions of the external walls and the microclimate in the room.

Where to place the insulation?

It is correct to insulate buildings from the outside, otherwise condensation of moisture from steam cannot be avoided upon contact warm air with a cold front (dew point). Let's consider three types of brick walls:

• There is no insulation. The dew point is located in the thickness of the wall, so it accumulates moisture during the winter months, becomes damp and deteriorates over time.
• The insulating layer is located on the side of the room. The wall freezes through, causing the dew point to shift toward the room, to the inner surface of the enclosing structure. Because of this, moisture condenses between the heat insulator and the wall. To avoid the wall becoming damp, it is necessary to provide effective ventilation premises.
• The insulating layer is laid on the street side. The wall does not freeze, so it remains dry and freely releases steam outside. It is important that there is a ventilation gap between the insulating layer and the brickwork to remove moisture coming from the room.

Internal instead of external

It is obvious that insulating a brick house from the inside is not The best decision. However, you have to resort to it if:

• The building is an architectural monument, and it is prohibited to make changes to the appearance of the facade.
• The walls of the apartment are freezing multi-storey building. According to current standards, it is forbidden to install structures that change the appearance of the building without permission.
• The buildings are located close to each other, which makes it impossible to carry out work on external insulation walls
• The external masonry of the house is made of expensive facing bricks and it is a pity to cover it new finishing, but to lay a new outer layer of decorative brick After installing thermal insulation, additional serious financial investments are required.

Disadvantages of insulation interior walls include reducing the space of the room due to the fastening of insulation and the base for finishing. The thickness of the thermal insulation “pie” is usually at least 10 cm.

When installing a heat insulator inside the house, it is important to consider that the insulation internal surfaces walls threatens condensation, which should not be allowed.

Ventilation gap improves the thermal conductivity of the wall

Vapor permeability

In order for the living space to breathe well and the air not to be overly humidified, it is necessary high-quality ventilation. It is easy to breathe in buildings with brick walls, since the material is vapor permeable due to its porous structure. And to excess moisture did not condense under a layer of insulation on the wall, but freely left the room, it is required to comply important rule– vapor permeability should increase towards outside, i.e. to the street.

This means that when insulating brick walls from the inside, you cannot use materials that allow steam to pass through better than the brick itself. Otherwise, this will lead to condensation settling on the structures. That is, covering a freezing wall with plasterboard will provoke constant dampening of the structures during the cold season.

Material selection criteria

When choosing how to insulate a brick wall from the inside, it is important to take into account the thermal insulation parameters of the material, as well as its vapor permeability. To protect freezing brick walls from contact with steam, choose one of three options:

• They use a polymer heat insulator that does not allow steam to pass through. Extruded polystyrene foam and polystyrene will help insulate walls from the inside high density(loose material is vapor permeable), penofol, sprayed polyurethane foam.
• Mineral wool insulation (as well as loose foam) is laid using high-quality hydro- and vapor barrier. Fiber insulation allows steam to pass through and tends to accumulate moisture. Basalt wool does not collapse under the influence of water, but its insulating properties deteriorate sharply.
• A thick layer of heat-insulating plaster is applied to the enclosing structures.

When deciding how best to insulate your brick house, take into account the method of installing the heat insulator. In almost all cases, you can do the insulation from the inside yourself. An exception is spraying polyurethane foam, since the work requires the use of special equipment.

Properties of materials and installation technologies

Let’s figure out which insulation is best for the walls of a brick house, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of each option, as well as the installation features of popular materials.

Note! The thickness of the thermal insulation layer is calculated individually, taking into account the heat loss of the house and the thermal insulation properties of the selected material!

Mineral wool

Internal insulation of brick walls with mineral wool slabs has certain specifics due to the vapor-permeable structure of the material. The heat insulator must be covered on both sides with a vapor barrier film, ensuring tightness in order to prevent heated moist air from contacting the enclosing structures.

Insulation scheme for internal brick walls mineral wool

Work progress:

• a vapor barrier film and joints are attached to the wall (with an overlap on the adjacent planes of the walls, floor and ceiling) roll material are securely taped;
• a vertical sheathing is installed in increments slightly smaller than the width of the heat insulator, the depth of the cells should correspond to the thickness of the insulation;
• Mineral wool slabs are inserted into the cells;
• attached on top vapor barrier material with hermetically sealed joining seams;
• a counter-lattice is inserted to secure the cladding from chipboard sheets, drywall or other materials.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Advantages modern material– excellent thermal insulation properties, lightness and strength. Extruded polystyrene foam is fire resistant. It is possible to insulate structures with this material by analogy with mineral wool, but the lathing promotes the formation of cold bridges, which lead to the formation of condensation zones.

Scheme for insulating brick walls with polystyrene foam indoors
Let's look at how to properly insulate a brick wall from the inside using extruded polystyrene foam:

• the surface is cleaned and leveled thin layer plaster and primed;
• using polyurethane foam or foam glue, slabs of foamed polymer are glued to the wall - the elements are placed with a shift of half the width to avoid long vertical seams;
• the joints are filled polyurethane foam, after hardening, the excess is cut off.

The best option after this work may be gluing reinforcing mesh and plastering the surface for painting or wallpapering. You can also use “fungi” dowels to attach pieces of metal profiles about 10 cm long, onto which you can then sew drywall. But the use of “fungi” violates the integrity of the heat-insulating layer.

Styrofoam

The advantage of polystyrene foam is its low cost; in all other respects it is significantly inferior to extruded polystyrene foam. The main disadvantage of the material is flammability with the release of toxic substances. Foam plastic with a density of at least 35 kg/m 3 can be used as a heat insulator. To insulate the walls of a brick house from the inside, high-density material (about 50 kg/m3) can be installed using the technology of fastening extruded polystyrene foam, and looser, steam-permeable material can be used as mineral wool. In this case, the joints between the thermal insulation elements and the sheathing are sealed with polyurethane foam.

Scheme of insulating walls from the inside with foam plastic

Penofol

Thermal insulation made of polyethylene foam can have a foil coating on one side or on both sides. The material is characterized by its low thickness and high thermal insulation properties. Penofol with a thickness of 4 mm can replace mineral wool with a thickness of 80 mm. At the same time, it is often used together with mineral wool slabs to increase thermal insulation properties“pie”, simultaneously reducing its thickness. In this case, it is attached instead of a vapor barrier film after laying the heat insulator into the sheathing.

You can make thermal insulation of walls and partitions from foam foam alone. Slats with a thickness of 20 mm or more are stuffed onto the walls to create an air gap. Mounted using brackets horizontal stripes penofol with a foil layer to the room, gluing the joints with aluminum tape. Then they fill the counter-lattice for cladding the walls for finishing. The foil layer reflects thermal radiation, helping to retain heat in the house.

Sprayed polyurethane foam

Sprayed polyurethane foam will help create a warm wall without cold bridges. The foamed polymer is applied in an even layer to the prepared surface using special equipment. If the estimated layer thickness exceeds 3–4 cm, it is recommended to install formwork lathing, which will serve as the basis for fastening the sheathing under finishing. The disadvantage of the material is the high cost of work.

Internal insulated walls with polyurethane foam

Plaster

Plastering walls – classic way insulation. This a good option, if you don’t want to turn the room into a sealed box with artificial ventilation, since the plaster layer is “breathable”, like the brick wall itself. The disadvantages include the duration and labor intensity of “wet” work - you will have to plaster in several layers to achieve required thickness thermal protection.

Application of plaster for brick walls

Conclusion

Knowing how to insulate a brick wall from the inside using different kinds materials, their advantages and disadvantages, easier to choose suitable option. If you plan to do the whole complex of work with your own hands, you must follow the instructions, because violating the technology can have serious consequences in the form of mold on the walls and gradual destruction of the brickwork. We must not forget that internal insulation requires arrangement supply and exhaust ventilation which will remove excess moisture.

Despite the high cost of the material, many private developers prefer brick houses. The advantages of a brick house are its strength, reliability, and environmental friendliness. And the disadvantage of brick is like building material, can be called high thermal conductivity. Brick walls do not retain heat indoors well. They provide a level of thermal protection three times less than the established standards.

Harsh economic realities, namely the regular increase in the cost of energy, forces owners of private housing, including brick houses, to think about more efficient use of heat. You have to choose: either pay increasing monthly bills, or create effective thermal insulation at home, and thereby reduce heating costs.

Brick house

For creating comfortable conditions In your home, you can insulate brick walls outside or inside using high-quality modern insulation materials.

What is the best way to insulate the walls of a brick house - from the inside or the outside?

Now houses built according to modern technologies construction using the latest materials, have high thermal insulation performance. Energy-saving construction technologies can reduce heat energy consumption in cold period year and save your heating budget. Brick houses built in Soviet times are not provided with a thermal insulation system and therefore need urgent insulation. The longer you put off insulating your home, the more you will pay for heating during the cold season. The funds spent on insulating a brick house will be returned to you in the near future with savings family budget to pay utility bills.

Having decided to insulate a brick wall of your house, you need to first decide on the method of insulation. Walls can be insulated from the outside and inside. Installation of thermal insulation material outside the wall is more preferable.

Insulating brick walls from the inside has many disadvantages, so in most cases they choose external insulation of a brick house.

1. With the external insulation method, the load-bearing wall of the house is protected from exposure external environment, which increases the service life of the structure, and with internal insulation the wall is exposed to external factors.
2. Insulating walls from inside the house reduces the usable area of ​​the room.
3. When organizing internal thermal insulation it is necessary to spend money on additional internal ventilation.
4. Thermal insulation materials are not always quite environmentally friendly, so their close contact with the residents of the house is undesirable. To avoid negative impact chemical substances, which are often present in insulation boards, are best used for external thermal insulation.
5. When the enclosing structure on the outside does not have a thermal insulation layer, then during the cold season condensation appears on the inside of the wall. Moisture permeates the thermal insulation and seeps onto the cladding. According to the rules of insulation in a multilayer structure, the vapor permeability of the layers should increase from the inside to the outside. Therefore, a vapor barrier layer is needed on the inside of the thermal insulation so that the insulation is not in a wet state. If internal ventilation is not provided for the thermal insulation layer, moisture will condense in the insulation and on the vapor barrier layer. This will lead to the formation of fungi and mold on the inner layer of the finishing material.

However, if you properly insulate the walls from the inside of the room, then unpleasant consequences can be avoided.

How to properly insulate walls from the inside

It should be understood that installing a thermal insulation layer on the walls from the inside is an extreme method of insulation, which should be chosen if for some reason it is impossible to install thermal insulation from the outside. Through ignorance or carelessness, using internal method thermal insulation, you may not improve your living conditions, but, on the contrary, worsen them.

Insulation of a brick house from the inside

There are several ways to equip a thermal insulation system from the inside.

1. The first method of installing thermal insulation is quite complicated. It is unlikely that you will be able to do it yourself. Many experts suggest insulating walls from the inside using a metal frame covered with plasterboard boards. Insulation (for example, mineral wool boards) is laid between the frame and the wall. A paraprotective membrane is installed on top of the frame and insulation, creating an airtight layer. The membrane will protect the inner lining from dampness. An air gap of two centimeters should be made between the thermal insulation system and the internal lining for ventilation. This gap will be provided by a second frame built on top of the first. The result is a multilayer structure, which consists of two frames, insulation, a vapor barrier membrane and plasterboard or other facing materials.
2. The second method of installing thermal insulation is simpler and more economical. It is recommended to use it when the budget is limited and the work needs to be done quickly. The facing material is removed from the walls, since the insulation will be glued to the wall. Polystyrene foam is used as a thermal insulation material. Polystyrene foam is a cheap and effective insulation material. Before laying this material, you need to plaster the walls, then, after drying, putty their surfaces. When the putty dries, waterproofing is laid to protect the insulation from condensation. When wet, polystyrene foam loses its thermal insulation characteristics. The adhesive is applied thickly to the wall surface. The foam plate is pressed tightly against the wall and rolled with a roller. Mounted on top of the insulation internal lining. This method is used only if it is impossible to perform more professional insulation of the walls. The foam sheets are laid end-to-end without gaps. When the foam is glued to the wall, a vapor barrier is created. This stage is required when insulating walls from the inside. After the vapor barrier is installed, surface finishing begins.
3. IN Lately For internal insulation Mineral wool is increasingly being used. The process of insulating walls with mineral wool is in many ways similar to installing thermal insulation using foam plastic. It is better to plaster the walls under mineral wool. You can, of course, do it on a brick wall without applying a layer of plaster. wooden sheathing from slats, and lay insulation between the slats, but in this case, take insulation of a larger width. The mineral wool should fit tightly into the space between the slats without gaps. Before laying the insulation, waterproofing is installed to the slats; after installing a layer of thermal insulation material, a vapor barrier is laid, which is also attached to the slats.
4. Insulation of brick walls can be done plaster mortar. This is done in this way. First, a fabric or metal mesh is applied to the wall. The plaster coating is applied in three layers. The first layer of plaster is applied by spraying and rubbing, so that the solution seeps into the cracks and gaps existing on the wall. A liquid cement solution is used for this. For work, use a paint brush and a stiff brush. The layer thickness should be about 5 millimeters. The second layer is primer. It serves as the main thermal insulation layer and is applied with a spatula in stages. Soil thickness 50 mm.

Note! The soil is applied several times so that it does not crumble under its own weight.

The third stage of insulating a brick wall is covering. The solution for the third layer of plaster is made from fine-grained sand, it is applied to final leveling of the walls with a thickness of 5 mm.

Insulation of a brick house with polystyrene foam

Choosing insulation for thermal insulation of brick walls from inside the house

Select insulation for thermal insulation of brick walls from inside the house, depending on financial opportunities and home owner preferences. The best brands are considered to be basalt insulation: Rockwool Light Butts, Techno Light, Linerock Light.

Glass wool insulation Ursa, Isover, Knauf insulation are also often used. The main condition when choosing insulation for internal thermal insulation is its environmental friendliness. In addition, the insulation must be intended for use in vertical structures building.

The most popular material for internal insulation of brick houses is polystyrene foam. This material has many advantages, including high thermal insulation performance, low water absorption, affordable cost, and ease of installation, but it also has disadvantages. Foam insulation is flammable and has poor soundproofing qualities.

How to properly insulate a brick house from the outside

Insulation of the facade of a brick house can be carried out using various materials. The simplest and in an accessible way Thermal insulation of a private house is insulation with polystyrene foam and mineral wool. These two insulation materials are now the most popular, while foam insulation is more economically profitable. The material itself is inexpensive, and the installation technology is not difficult and can be done with your own hands.

To insulate the facade of a brick house, craftsmen recommend using TEPLEX brand polystyrene foam. This insulation is better than regular foam. It is non-flammable, non-toxic, has good performance soundproofing. But most owners still prefer to use polystyrene foam, since its cost is much lower.

Insulation of a brick house from the outside

There are no problems with laying polystyrene foam, even for inexperienced craftsmen. Sheets of insulation over the entire area are covered with construction adhesive-cement, after which they are pressed against a flat wall and tapped rubber mallet, for better distribution of cement and improved adhesion of insulation sheets to the wall.

After which, the foam sheets are drilled through in the center and in the corners. Choppers are inserted into the resulting holes and special umbrellas are hammered into them. Every other day, a plastic mesh is laid on the surface of the insulation and covered with a thin layer on top cement mortar. This is necessary to protect the foam boards from exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

Siding is often placed on top of the polystyrene foam. To install this facing material, need to be laid wooden blocks between individual sheets of foam. Having selected the required distance, the foam can be easily cut with a regular saw.

When insulating a house from the outside with mineral wool slabs, lathing is done along the entire wall wooden slats. The thickness of the slats should be equal to the thickness of the insulation. Insulation is laid between the slats. The thermal insulation layer is covered with a film on top, protecting the house from wind and moisture. On top of the film and insulation, another sheathing is made on which the siding will be fixed.

For a home to be cozy and comfortable, it must be warm in any weather. Therefore, it is important to maintain heat inside the room and prevent heat loss through load-bearing walls designs. Insulating the walls of a house is an extremely necessary measure. No matter how well you heat your home in winter, poor thermal insulation of the walls will reduce all your efforts to a minimum and, despite high consumption fuel, your house will be cold and damp. When building a new house, it is necessary to take measures for thermal insulation of the walls of the building. And owners of old houses that have not been insulated in a timely manner need to resolve the issue of thermal insulation of their home as quickly as possible.