Lecture 5

Right

The basis of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation

Constitutional system- the form and method of organization of the state, which ensure subordination to its law and characterize it as subject to the constitution of the state

State as an official representative of society, authorized to resolve only those issues that are assigned to the state in the constitution.

The Basic Law has a chapter - the fundamentals of the constitutional system (not subject to amendment)

Fundamentals of the constitutional system- foundations and basic principles designed to give the Russian Federation the character of a democratic and legal state

· France - national motto “Liberty, equality and fraternity”

· Greece - freedom or death

RF - no

Democracy

One of the main forms of political regime, based on the recognition of the people as the only source of power and the ability to manage the affairs of society and the state, through the direct or indirect expression of the will of citizens

Main models:

1. Aggregative : a set of legal mechanisms that ensures a stable balance in society through compromise between different layers and strata
2. Deliberative (Deliberative): the democracy of the system is directly correlated with the openness of the state for discussion
3. Institutional: institutions of power as the basis
4. Consensus: taking into account the opinions of not only the majority, but also minorities
5. Majority: emphasis on the opinion of the majority (the opinion of minorities can be neglected)
6. Minimalist: despite taking into account the expression of will, the people must transfer power to professionals who will govern the state
7. Participative: people participate in the direct production of legal norms
8. Plebiscitary: (= control democracy) a vote of confidence in certain individuals on a permanent basis
9. Pluralistic: the more diversified the society, the better the development (emphasis on the role of the group)
10. Economic: the idea that the state property must be divided between citizens and the state (citizens are shareholders of the state)
11. Elite: divides into the ruling minority (elite) and the majority (people); the minority controls the majority
12. Conservative: democracy is subordinated to national interests

Proclaimed principle of separation of powers

The principle and implementation of this principle

1. Implemented only by the constitution and not by existing legislation
2. The executive, legislative and judicial powers must be exercised by various bodies and persons
3. All branches are equal and autonomous
4. Neither branch interferes with the prerogatives of another
5. Legitimately adopted only by legislative bodies
6. The executive branch is concerned only with the execution of laws
7. The judiciary can invalidate a law if it is contrary to the constitution (constitutional advice only applies to the judiciary)
8. Disputes about the competence of branches of government are resolved only in court
9. System of checks and balances

The people as the only source of sovereignty in the Russian Federation

People - belonging to a certain group of the population, associated within a single territory, corresponding to a sovereign state

The people are assigned to the state

Popular sovereignty - Exercising independent power without sanction or permission from the state

Forms of democracy

1. Representative- this is the direct participation of citizens in the preparation, discussion and decision-making. This form of participation dominated in ancient democracies. Now it is possible in small towns, communities, enterprises, etc. when solving issues that do not require high qualifications

Pros of direct democracy

1. Originality- the roots of direct democracy come from the Greek city-states
2. No distortion- if decision making is a logical goal, then there are no branches
3. Responsibility- every citizen is responsible for this or that choice
4. No bureaucracy
5. Sanity- when making decisions we proceed from our own interests
6. Justice- when making decisions, we understand that our decision will determine whether it is fair or not

Disadvantages of direct democracy:

1. Difficulty making decisions
2. Lack of competence(according to lawyers)
3. High degree of manipulation of public opinion
4. Range of opinions- difficult to develop a consolidated solution
5. Expensive- because you need to conduct large surveys
6. Revival of the archaic- “blood feud” is not an objective opinion

2. Direct (direct) - the leading form of political participation of citizens in modern political systems. Its essence is the indirect participation of subjects in decision making. Citizens elect their representatives to government bodies, who are called upon to express their interests, make laws and give orders on their behalf. This form of democracy is necessary in conditions of huge social systems and the complexity of decisions made.

Pros of Representative Democracy

1. Greater political stability
2. Ensuring law and order, defense and security
3. State coercion
4. Inevitability of punishment
5. Mobilization resource
6. Availability of competent management staff
7. Lack of populist decisions

What is democracy? Translated from Greek, this term means “power of the people.” Democracy is a political regime characterized by collective decision-making with equal influence of participants on the entire outcome of the process, or influence at the stage at which it is located. Truth be told, this method of influence is applicable to almost any social structure, but today its most important organ is state, because it is the state that has the greatest amount of power.

To understand what democracy is, Check out the following signs where it applies, if we talk about the entire state:

1. The people appoint leaders who will govern the people and the country as a whole through fair and competitive elections.
2. It is the people who are and will be the only legitimate source of power.
3. People exercises self-government for the common good and satisfaction of common interests.

It is in democracy that it is generally accepted that power cannot be seized by force, and it is not given by higher powers, for example God, but belongs to one source - the people. This political regime dates back to ancient Greece and ancient Rome, but it was truly applied to the entire country only in 1776 in the USA.

Democracy is characterized by the following features:

• full recognition and proclamation of human rights and freedoms;
• making decisions collectively;
• the possibility of electing government and management bodies and officials by their voters;
• transparency in the activities of the state.

Pros and advantages of democracy

Democracy - This is a form of political organization in which the people put forward, adopt, and implement all laws and decisions. Democracy has many advantages:

1) This form of organization of social life ensures effective control over political institutions and officials, and also prevents abuse of power and prevents the ruling party from being separated from the people.

2) Democracy is a form of organization of power in which the voice of each person will not only be heard, but taken into account and will have its weight in decision-making.

3) It is believed that in representative democracy political stability is guaranteed.

4) Professionalism of the authorities.

5) When discussing a particular issue in parliament, this makes it possible to achieve a balance of interests.

Pros and cons of democracy

1) It is very difficult to attract every person or society to actively participate in the political life of the country without coercion, since most citizens do not want to take voluntary participation in politics.

2) It often happens that power falls into the hands not of true leaders, but of demagogues.

3) A wide variety of leaders and a wide variety of opinions make it difficult to choose a single solution.

4) The people are actually deprived of true power, with the exception of the time when elections to state institutions take place.

5) There is a peculiar alienation of deputies and officials from the people, and this, in turn, leads to bureaucratic types of power.

6) If we consider society as a whole, we understand that with this form of democracy, people are practically deprived of real power, except for the moment when they choose leaders.

It turns out that a complex hierarchical system deprives the people of power, Then what kind of democracy can we talk about? Of course, if we discuss “ideal” democracy, even if it is a representative form, we can understand that a person, in principle, has a voice in elections, referendums, if you think about it, every person thereby influences the political life of the country in which he lives . But let's be realistic. In this case, we are talking about the fact that this kind of democracy is just a fairy tale for any citizen of the country, under which senior officials are hiding, who, in turn, are guided not by the interests of their homeland, their people, but by some personal interests and desires.

Summarizing, we see that such a political regime as democracy has clear common sense, it has a beneficial effect on the people and the majority of citizens are satisfied with how they can influence the political situation in the country, but the shortcomings must be dealt with by providing comfortable conditions for life in the country.

A deep analysis of social development involves overcoming stereotypes, when the life of humanity is viewed mainly through the prism of socio-economic development. Let's pay attention to some fundamental factors.

It is necessary to take into account the biological interaction of humans with the natural environment and space. This allows us to consider not only the problems of fair distribution of resources within society, but also the problems of the necessary exchange of society’s resources with the environment. The biosphere and humanity are an integral system. A sociological researcher often cannot go beyond the boundaries of society, therefore sociology is characterized by a “view from the inside,” although in order to assess the position of society, the trajectory and goal of development, a “view from the outside” is necessary, taking into account the fact that the external environment for humanity is biosphere. The noospheric approach allows us to see the “supersystem”, to consider the mind as an attribute of living matter. This makes it possible to avoid anthropocentrism and predict the future of humanity as part of the biosphere.

It is known that development always occurs against the background of random events. But history has patterns (1 Against the background of random events, it is difficult to identify trends if the observation interval is not long enough. To expand the observation period, we track the evolution of not only humanity (30 thousand years), but also its animal ancestors (hundreds of millions of years), t because the laws of development of living matter are invariant. See: Popov V. P. Invariants of the nonlinear world, - Pyatigorsk. Technological University Publishing House, 2005. (holism. narod.ru); Popov V. P. Organization. Tectology XXI, - Pyatigorsk : Technological University Publishing House, 2007. (holism. narod.ru); Popov V. P., Krainyuchenko I. V. Mirages of post-modernity. Pyatigorsk INEU. 2009. (holism. narod.ru)), by which one can predict the future, and “progressive” can be considered events that correspond to the laws of development. History is a consequence of people’s actions, and people’s actions are determined by their psyche (1 Popov V.P., Krainyuchenko I.V. Psychosphere, - Pyatigorsk: RIA Publishing House - KMV. 2008. (holism. narod.ru)). During evolution, the psyche accumulated the most important laws of nature in the form of behavioral programs.

It is necessary to abandon models of linear development. This will allow us to avoid many forecasting errors and realize that the World is developing in waves, cyclically, alternatively. Each object has its own individual life cycle. There is a periodic acceleration and deceleration of development, an increase and decrease in the diversity of elements of biological and social systems. The nonlinearity of the world does not allow illusions regarding the “sustainable, continuous development” of society.

The concepts of a democratic structure of society are based on the presumption of the original rationality and constructiveness of man. People are supposedly able to negotiate with each other, they are not characterized by destructive tendencies, they tend to obey the rules that exist in society, because they understand their reasonableness and necessity. The attitude of democratic systems towards violence is also connected with this view of a person - it is allowed only as an exceptional measure in relation to a minority of the population. In modern society, something similar to a religious belief in the power of the people has arisen. This belief is supported by the most powerful means of indoctrination of the public consciousness.

In reality, people are more likely to show their animal nature, inherited from distant ancestors. All past political systems, following genetic programs, dreamed of a bright (heavenly) future, where you can eat sweetly, have fun, multiply, rule, achieve popularity and fame. Aristocrats and people competed for heavenly life. Both totalitarian and democratic regimes are focused on conquering resources, increasing consumption levels, and increasing GNP.

Democracy is often associated with the desire for fair distribution of resources. But “fairness” is a subjective concept. Fairness is when people have no desire to redistribute resources. A minimal but equal distribution of products can be fair, for example, during the famine in the USSR (card system). And a very uneven distribution of income with a high average level of consumption (Western capitalism) can be considered unfair. The desire for justice among people is ineradicable (it is based on genetic envy), but it is really impossible. The theory of equitable distribution is based on subjective assessments of labor's contribution to the social product. It is important not to deprive a person of his livelihood and not to cause an acute feeling of envy. In such a society there will be fewer conflicts. In some cases, it is enough to create the illusion of a fair society.

Thus, democracy is just an attempt to conceptualize the basic problem of human coexistence (alas, unresolved). And the basic program of people remains the desire for hedonism, and not for a reasonable arrangement of their lives. An analogue of the idea of ​​democracy is the idea of ​​communism, an illusory goal, not conceptually formalized, but alluring.

“In essence, democracy is just a more or less free competition of more or less authoritarian institutional and non-institutional forms, between which a compromise is sometimes possible” (1 See V. Tretyakov’s speech. Democracy: universal values ​​and diversity of historical experience Materials of a joint round table of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the magazines "Polis" and "Political Class". In our era, many political systems claim to be democracies (liberal, Soviet, post-Soviet, “sovereign”, fascist, Libyan “Jamahiriyya”, etc.).

Democracy presupposes the participation of society in solving social and political problems and in managing public affairs. The mechanisms for this participation can be different (parliamentary representation, self-government, councils, etc.). But in any political models, even the most democratic ones, there are always authoritarian and traditional elements (2 See G. Glinchikova’s speech. Ibid.).

When assessing the degree of reality of democracy, it is necessary to take into account the influence of property stratification, the rigidity of the monetary mechanism that mediates many aspects of social relations, the relativity of tolerance, which is not an obstacle to violence against society by the state apparatus. Finally, in the conditions of the most developed democracy there is a “superpower” - the ruling elite. These people have such a high social status that they actually do not depend on state power, as well as on the political and economic situation, and are connected by personal acquaintances or family relationships" (1 Zinoviev A. A. On the way to a super-society. Munich. 1991.).

Let us name some elements of political systems that are generally considered to be the positive aspects of democracy.

1. The principle of separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial limits the arbitrariness of power. With the development of civil society, there are media outlets that have significant influence. But these positive features are often negated by the existence of monetary power (2 Ibid.).

2. There are institutions of control over the activities of the state. This is, first of all, a universal electoral system, thanks to which citizens have the opportunity to make limited adjustments to power. The control function is also performed by the judicial system, which should be independent, and in developed countries it is to a large extent such.

3. In democracy, pluralism of opinions is supported. Repressions against “dissenters” are condemned. This forces the government to listen to the opinions of various segments of society and various political forces.

4. In a democracy, you can hold rallies, organize marches, and demonstrate your opinion. A dissenting minority can be the bearer of alternative goals and ways to achieve them, but at the same time cannot interfere with the majority. When the majority leads the system to a dead end, then it can listen to the voice of the minority. However, society usually does not trust dissidents for a long time.

5. Democratic political systems sharply limit the possibility of explicit individual power. The power of elite groups is strengthening. When the people elect their deputies to power structures, they actually form an elite. But this elite can turn into an authoritarian group, which is actually what is happening. In addition, at the head of any elite group there is usually a leader, a leader, whose opinion dominates decision-making. Thus, the role of the individual in history is preserved, although in a different form.

6. Democracy creates certain opportunities for representatives of the people to come to power who are able to direct the efforts of the state to solve the problems of society. In our opinion, democracy should be understood as a political system capable of bringing to power an elite that meets the expectations of the majority. At the same time, feedback should be provided to the population, but for now “democracy is the days and hours when all members of society become equal to each other” (1 Ivin A. A. Philosophy of History. Textbook, - M.: Gardariki. 2000.) .

7. Electivity provides the potential opportunity to bring to power people selected by psychological tests. Under inherited power or dictatorship, the country is ruled by random psychotypes. However, these advantages of electivity can be easily falsified, which is what actually happens.

The listed political mechanisms are, in fact, aimed at achieving compromises between the top elites and broad layers of society.

Let's look at the negative aspects of democracy.

1. Not a single model of democracy will create a mechanism of democracy, when “all power belongs to the people,” since this is really impossible. The people have many faces, they consist of various social groups that have their own specific interests. It is impossible and impractical to survey millions of people on every issue to find out the majority opinion. The people cannot combine the functions of the executive and management systems at the same time because this violates the principle of specialization and worsens the quality of management.

2. The disadvantage of democracy is that the majority opinion is not able to express and support non-standard decisions. A brilliant idea appears in one head. To support it, the majority must at least understand it. Most often, misunderstood geniuses remain in splendid isolation. Most support banal, instinctive decisions drawn from past experience.

3. Democracy is essentially the rule of instincts. The masses, in the course of self-organization, cannot suppress genetically determined instincts, for example, voluntarily create a society of limited consumption. The demand for bread and circuses will not ensure forward movement towards the noosphere, the sphere of reasonable, limited consumption. History shows that civilizations were often destroyed by an unconscious and rude crowd (1 Chernyavskaya A.G. Psychology of domination and subordination: A Reader, (book. Z.ru collection)).

It's hard to imagine the mind of a crowd. Even a cruel dictator who leads society towards a saving goal commits a good deed. And if a democratic society unanimously moves towards a false goal with enthusiasm, then it commits suicide. If the goal of the movement is chosen incorrectly, then all unanimous ideals and beautiful slogans will not give positive results.

4. A democratic society continues to issue “licenses” for power to people who promise a “heavenly life.” However, it is clear that many consumer trends create problems and obstacles for the development of society.

5. The past history of mankind is a process of adaptation of people to the social environment, to themselves. Relations with nature always receded into the background, because problems with resources were resolved as if by themselves. In our century, problems of interaction with the biogeosphere come to the fore, which should be reflected in politics. Technically, this can be done by limiting the consumption of natural resources. To convince the people of this will require the powerful influence of the elite.

6. Any nation strives to increase the level of consumption, to the level of the elite or at least to the level of the average American. But with current production capabilities, if half of the Earth's population consumes like the average American, the biosphere will lose its reproductive capabilities, which will lead to an environmental disaster. A democratically elected elite will not be able to carry out the will of the people without causing an environmental disaster.

7. Democracy and human rights are fertile ground for the flourishing of terrorism, because they limit the possibilities of fighting terrorism and limit the rights of investigative agencies. Concern for the rights of law-abiding citizens expands the capabilities of illegal elements.

We see that democracy, observed over a relatively short historical interval, is a contradictory set of facts, against the background of which it is difficult to identify a development trend. The observed state of society is not a product of the conscious activity of leaders, it is the result of stochastic self-organization, characteristic of all young biological and social systems.

Human society (system) contains subsystems specialized in performing different functions. The people are the executive subsystem that creates material wealth and resources. The management subsystem consists of the elite and the leader, who do not produce anything and exist at the expense of the resources created by the people. They professionally manage internal and external processes. The management subsystem makes decisions and, with the help of power mechanisms, motivates people to implement them. The authorities are interested in ensuring that the executive subsystem does not lose the ability to produce public goods. Therefore, a relationship like “master - horse” develops. A good owner often takes better care of a horse than he does of people. Democracy is a political system where the opinions and wishes of the executive subsystem are taken into account in various ways when making decisions. The law of selfishness of subsystems has led to the fact that higher hierarchies care about themselves more than about subordinates, but are forced to maintain a balance of interests between executive units.

The idea of ​​democracy as the rule of the people is incorrect. Real power is always with the elite. General elections of the elite do not deprive it of the right to make decisions even against the will of the people. In addition, well-developed technologies for falsifying elections turn elections into a spectacle. The problem of creating a “fair”, scientifically reasoned government remains.

Currently, there is an intensification of self-organization in the “human community”. Civil society is developing. Coordination of interstate relations is carried out through a variety of intergovernmental intermediary organizations (IGOs). The observed process resembles the initial phase of the formation of a new society, characterized by high stochastic activity that does not have an obvious target orientation. Linear thinking predicts that this process will intensify, government regulation may disappear, and civil society will replace it. However, linear forecasters should be disappointed. At least, first of all, in order to stop the uncontrolled destruction of the environment, stochastic social processes must be transformed into manageable ones. Developments will most likely lead a population of people to such an organization where subsystems are specialized and consolidated in achieving a common goal. This condition does not involve conflicts between organs.

The processes observed today are not anomalous; normal evolution is taking place against the background of natural fluctuations. Therefore, the choice of the further path of development will not be random; it is determined by the memory accumulated in the system. This means that ties will continue to strengthen, not only within the state, but also between states. Already today, as a result of globalization and expansion on the planet, the number of large economic entities (TNCs) is increasing, the length of horizontal and vertical connections is increasing, and the integration of the world economic system is increasing. There is a movement towards a controlled society.

In our opinion, the main problem of human society is not the restructuring of the structure of relationships, but the “reformatting” of the existing worldview. This will most likely happen under the pressure of impending crises.

Valery Popov, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Management, Pyatigorsk Technological University; Irina Krainyuchenko, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of the Institute of Economics and Management (Pyatigorsk)

DEMOCRACY AS A POLITICAL REGIME: PROS, CONS AND ALTERNATIVES

Gordeev Kirill Sergeevich 1, Zhidkov Alexey Andreevich 1, Bychkov Daniil Vladimirovich 1, Dubrovin Nikita Alekseevich 1
1 Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after Kozma Minin

annotation
Democracy is a political regime, the most important distinguishing feature of which is the recognition of the majority, namely the people, as the source of power. It underlies the political system of many modern, most developed states, which determines the relevance of the article. A democratic regime has many advantages, but it also has its disadvantages. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the critical analysis of some basic provisions of the mentioned political regime, as well as the presentation of various alternatives that exist in philosophy and political science.

Bibliographic link to the article:
Gordeev K.S., Zhidkov A.A., Bychkov D.V., Dubrovin N.A. Democracy as a political regime: pros, cons and alternatives // Humanitarian Research. 2017. No. 12 [Electronic resource]..03.2019).

The history of democracy goes back more than one millennium. We can say that forms of organization of power, to some extent based on democracy, are rooted in the tribal system. In the Middle Ages, not without the influence of Christianity, the ideas were established that the monarch and, in general, the government itself should serve its people. Jean-Jacques Rousseau had a significant influence on the development of democratic theory, who developed a concept in which it was given a central place.

Criticism of the democratic system has its roots in ancient philosophy. One of the main critics of democracy can be considered Plato, who, in turn, presented his vision of the ideal political structure of the state, which is presented in his work “The State”. Plato believed that tyranny is the only thing worse than democracy and said that tyranny is a manifestation of moral depravity. Also in his work there are reflections on such possible government systems as timocracy, that is, the power of the rich, which he considered a manifestation of greed, oligarchy, which in his opinion corresponds to ambition. He called democracy the power of the worst people who rely on slaves, and expressed the opinion that it corresponds to frivolity and wastefulness. In his opinion, the state is ideal if power in it belongs to philosophers.

The concept of meritocracy should also be mentioned, because without exaggeration it can be argued that it goes back to the socio-political philosophy of Plato. Literally, meritocracy is translated as the power of the worthy and presupposes the principle of management, according to which power is in the hands of the most capable and worthy people and does not depend on their social origin and financial wealth. This concept, like democracy, has its drawbacks, but, in our opinion, it has its important place in political science and can well be presented as a possible alternative to democracy. It should be noted that the term meritocracy was mentioned in 1958 by Michael Young in an essay entitled "The Rise of Meritocracy 1870-2033", in which he described in a rather negative context a future society in which the status of citizens is determined by their level of intelligence.

Also, as an example, we can cite another Greek thinker - Aristotle. He also had a negative attitude towards democracy and opposed it to a form of government that he called polity. In his opinion, it combines the best aspects of oligarchy and democracy, but is free from their shortcomings and extremes.

Speaking about anti-democratic regimes, it should be said that in our opinion they have many more shortcomings than democratic ones. Under an anti-democratic regime, the interests of the individual are most often not taken into account at all; complete state control is exercised over all spheres of one’s life, which undoubtedly hinders social progress and reduces the likelihood of the emergence of outstanding and brilliant individuals. But it should also be said that in some cases, for example, a monarchy may be more effective than democracy in the above aspect, namely, if the monarch turns out to be a good ruler and will promote progress, the creative and scientific potential of the individual in the state. An example of such a ruler can be considered Peter 1, who had a huge influence on the development of the Russian empire, and under his rule, people can achieve success thanks to their abilities.

Along with a brief history of democracy, the following alternatives were given above: meritocracy and, in some cases, monarchy. But it should be said that the national and cultural identity of each individual nation plays an important role in choosing a political regime. Therefore, one political regime can effectively perform its functions in one country and be completely ineffective in another.

As mentioned earlier, the democratic system has both pros and cons, which we will examine below by analyzing some basic principles.

The principle of democratic elections is characterized by the participation in government of all citizens, who, in turn, assume responsibility to society directly or through representatives elected by them on a free basis. In our opinion, the problem here is that state power is, to a certain extent, given to people who, for the most part, do not understand politics, or at least politics is not part of their professional and daily activities. It follows from this that they do not have certain knowledge that is necessary for the most rational and correct choice. There is also a huge likelihood of propaganda influencing the people, including through the media. It should be said that in democratic countries, before elections, political campaigning is almost always carried out, that is, essentially advertising of persons or any parties claiming power.

Free and fair elections are also a principle of democracy. But it should be said that elections can be subject to falsification by government agencies, which can be a problem.

Also, one of the basic principles of a democratic system is the protection of the rights and freedoms of all residents of a democratic state. The list of these rights also includes freedom of religion. In our opinion, this freedom is inalienable, but it can also lead to the emergence of various sects, or the strengthening of the influence of radical religions, the actions of which can lead to harmful consequences for society.

Constitutionalism, as one of the significant principles of democracy, is characterized by the presence of a basic state document that establishes the framework of powers for the branches of government, as well as the framework of powers in the activities of the state. The main distinguishing feature of constitutionalism is that these frameworks cannot be easily changed, and there is a complex procedure for this. Of course, having a certain legislative basis is a positive aspect of democracy, but there is a problem here that the presence of a complex procedure for changing this basis often makes it impossible to respond to the political needs of a developing society in a timely manner.

To summarize, we can say that democracy has its positive aspects, but it also has its disadvantages. This article has presented some political regimes as an alternative to democracy, but we must not forget that they also have their drawbacks. Another important aspect is the cultural and national differences of each country, which must be correlated with the political regime for their greatest effectiveness.

Here I will talk about direct democracy through a referendum, since the elected government has nothing to do with direct democracy.

1. Responsibility. In a direct democracy society, responsibility is transferred to each member of society. As a result, we are building a society of responsible people, which cannot be achieved under any other government.
2. Lack of bureaucracy. Only in a society of direct democracy will we move from vertical power to horizontal power, in which the bureaucratic layers of hierarchy will disappear. And, as you know, bureaucracy is a brake on progress and fertile ground for corruption.
3. Promotion of scientific ideas. The power of the referendum is a society of competition for the best ideas, which, in the absence of bureaucracy, will become the basis for the rapid development of science and medicine.
4. Sanity. The power of the minority is always more concerned with personal interests to the detriment of the interests of the majority. In direct democracy, society moves directly towards shared prosperity.
5. Victory of good. The destruction of the hierarchical top will lead to the power of the majority, and the majority is always on the side of good and justice. In addition, the majority, unlike the minority, is always able to approve the interests of any minority if this minority does not call for violence.
6. Thinking society. Thanks to frequent federal, regional and various local referendums, each person will have to use their brains, which will inevitably lead to an increase in the intellectual level of society. Therefore, it is necessary that every person has the right to vote and propose their questions to a referendum.
7. Elimination of crime and corruption. Only direct democracy can destroy the roots of crime, since direct democracy gives the rights of the owner of the country to every person. In a society in which everyone is the master of his own country, an errant criminal simply will not have any chance for his atrocities.
8. The disappearance of indifference in society. Every citizen will be included in the active management of his country, which will inevitably lead to a sharp increase in consciousness in society.
9. Welfare of citizens. The absence of bureaucracy and crime against the backdrop of the rapid development of science will inevitably lead to a sharp increase in the well-being of every member of society.

“You can fool everyone for a while, you can fool some forever, but you can’t fool everyone forever.” Abraham Lincoln.

The future belongs to direct democracy, website Rossia.PRO, because it and only it can lead humanity from the quagmire of injustice to the creation of a highly developed civilized society.