Choosing a finish for a sauna stove is not as easy as it seems. The error can be costly. An incorrectly selected material near the oven will crack and collapse from the heat. It's not safe. The task of the cladding, in addition to the decorative function, is to minimize the likelihood of accidental injury as much as possible.

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How can you decorate a stove in a bath?

First of all, these are:

• ceramic tiles,
• brick,
• various types of stone,
• plastering with a special solution,
• steel,
• tiles.

As you can see, the choice of materials is wide enough. Each of these materials must have specific properties and be specially treated to withstand the heat near the oven. Let's consider each of them in more detail.

Using tiles

The tile on the stove in the bath is afraid of thermal expansion, therefore, when performing work, it is important to carefully observe the technological process. The lining of the stove in the bath does not tolerate negligence.

Views

Usually 7 types of tiles are used for cladding:

• Terracotta is a non-glazed tile. Consists of terracotta clay and chamotte, which are mixed in a certain ratio. This tile has been known for several centuries. A correctly set technological process greatly affects the final quality of the material. These tiles can be easily recognized by their characteristic red hue.
• Clinker tiles - clay is the main raw material. The material is obtained by pressing, then it is fired at a temperature of +1200 0 C. The crystal lattice of the clay changes and the tile acquires the properties of a ceramic.
• Majolica is very difficult to manufacture. Previously, only manual labor was used for drawing. Industrial designs also exist now. The glaze on the tiles is produced by firing. The properties resemble terracotta tiles.
• Tiles are the preferred option due to the air gap between the tiles and the oven wall. This layer works as an additional heat insulator, allowing the oven to retain heat near it even longer.
• Porcelain stoneware - can also be used for cladding the oven. Marble chips added in the production of porcelain stoneware give the material unique decorative properties and high strength. Due to this, porcelain stoneware is rapidly gaining popularity.
• Chamotte - able to withstand the direct impact of fire. Chamotte is pressed into blanks and fired at a temperature of +1300 0 С.
• Tile - only a material with a high coefficient of thermal resistance will be able to withstand temperature loads.

Expert opinion

Nikolay Davydov

Stove operator with 15 years of experience

According to their properties, the most preferable option for facing the stove is tiles. It is also the most time consuming. The most budgetary option is a special tile with a high coefficient of thermal resistance, but with its help it will not be possible to finish the hottest areas.

Instructions

Do-it-yourself tiling of a sauna stove with tiles is performed as follows:

Furnace brick finishing

Traditionally, the lining of the stove is made with bricks. This material is also suitable for wooden walls near the stove. It is an additional heat accumulator.

At the same time, the brick acts as a protective screen that prevents burns and has a presentable appearance. You can also brick a metal stove.

Views

The following types of bricks are used for facing the stove:

It is not recommended to use silicate and hollow bricks. It will not keep warm well and will collapse. Fireclay brick is preferable to use, but it is more expensive.

Instructions

1. Laying is done with mortar specially designed for ovens. It will provide optimum structural strength.
2. The foundation structure must be designed for this load. Otherwise, you will have to make a separate foundation.
3. The masonry is carried out in half a brick. The brick is laid on the bed. We start laying from the corner, with 1/3 bandaging.
4. For heat exchange in the masonry, it is necessary to provide ventilation holes.
5. We reinforce the masonry with a mesh between the rows.
6. After completing the masonry, we carry out the jointing.

Examples of brick lining of a stove in a bath in the photo:

Using plaster

Plaster is the most budgetary option for decorating the stove with your own hands. The product takes on a finished look and looks good in the interior. After plastering, you can whitewash with a special heat-resistant compound.

This type of finish is quite often used for a brick oven. The technology is as follows:

Tiles

A stove with tiles is a rather laborious process. Technology has simplified somewhat. But until now, the construction of such a furnace takes 4-5 months, if you use the classic version. The brickwork and cladding of the stove takes place at the same time. Although, in a simplified version, you can overlay an already finished oven.

Expert opinion

Nikolay Davydov

Stove operator with 15 years of experience

The drawing can be anything. Usually Russian folk motives are used. The sizes of the tiles are regulated by GOST 3742-47. Permissible deviations should not exceed 1 mm in all directions. Thanks to standardization, the veneering process has been greatly simplified. The most important thing is to choose the right material.

Instructions

It is worth being guided by the following rules:

1. Manufacturing material. Impurities in colored clay will not allow making a high-quality tile, so it is not used. Unlike her, white clay is an ideal raw material.
2. The quality of a product is determined by its ability to draw in water. The more pores in the tile and the larger they are, the less quality the product will be.
3. Choose molded tiles.
4. The surface of the product should not have a dull appearance and there should be no cracks on it. This happens when the product goes through only one firing.

For cladding, tiles must be sorted by shade. They will need to be laid in such a way that the transition is not noticeable. The size is adjusted using a rasp and an angle grinder from all sides. Defective tiles should not be thrown away immediately. They can be used later.

The next step is to mark up. The thickness of the horizontal joint should not exceed 3 mm, vertical - 1 mm. Now we go directly to the styling.

We lay out the first row.

The process is very time consuming, but the result is worth it. The first thing to do is to properly prepare the tiles for installation. This will provide the best possible result.

The stacking order is as follows:

• immerse the tiles in water, waiting for the clay to collect water;
• the clay in the trommel will increase the heat capacity, so you need to fill it halfway;
• steel brackets allow you to correctly connect the tiles to each other;
• we connect a row of tiles with a row of the stove using a wire.

Tile fixing scheme: 1 - rump, 2 - pin, 3 - wire, 4 - staples.

Subsequent rows.

• we drill holes in the masonry;
• we use self-tapping screws and wire as a connecting element;
• with the help of wire we fasten steel pins;
• we put the tile on the pin and bend the last one;
• dry mortar will fill all the voids between the tiles.

Sauna stove in tiles

Output

The choice of this or that material for lining the furnace in the bath is determined by the result that needs to be obtained in the end. The most interesting option from the side of heat preservation is tiling, but it is also the most time consuming and expensive. If you want to cheaply coat the stove, there is such an opportunity.

The most budgetary option is stove plastering. A metal stove is best lined with bricks. This will significantly increase the heat capacity of the oven and it will take longer to cool.

Another great option is porcelain stoneware. When deciding how to tile the stove in the bath, pay attention to the quality of the materials used.

It is advisable to use minerite to isolate the space around the oven. This is a great sauna lining. They are lining the sauna - they close the wooden walls, although the house can be sheathed with these slabs.

Using the step-by-step instructions of this article, you can not only choose the right material in the best way, but also do the cladding of the oven itself and its surfaces with your own hands. This became the main goal of this material.

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During the kindling of the bath, the surface of the stove heats up to 300-400 ° C. At the same time, it begins to emit infrared rays and itself becomes a source of heating. The running heat is distributed throughout the steam room, but first of all it hits the walls adjacent to the stove. If the walls are wooden, then under the influence of high temperatures, their charring begins. And there it is already a stone's throw from the fire! The only truly effective way to insulate wooden walls from heat is to create protective screens and claddings made of non-combustible materials in the bath.

When is protection needed at all?

The need to install protective skins and screens does not always arise. If a fireproof distance is maintained between the stove and the nearest flammable surface, additional protection is not needed. At this distance, the infrared rays are scattered, weakened and the amount that the wooden wall receives can no longer lead to its damage.

It is believed that the safe distance from the wall to the brick kiln (quarter-brick masonry) is at least 0.32 m, from the wall to (not lined) - at least 1 m. 0.7 m.

Thus, compliance with fire-prevention distances is more possible in large saunas, where the issue of saving space is not relevant. In family steam rooms, where every centimeter of space counts, installing a stove 0.3-1 m from the nearest walls is impractical. In this case, the established safety distances must be reduced by means of screens and skins.

Protective screens near (around) the oven

Shields are insulation shields that cover the side surfaces of the oven and reduce the intensity of heat radiation. Screens are metal and brick. Typically used for metal ovens.

Method # 1 - metal screens

The most common shields are prefabricated steel or cast iron sheets. They are installed around the stove, at a distance of 1-5 cm from the walls of the firebox. Depending on the need to isolate one side or the other of the oven, side or front (front) screens can be purchased. Many metal ovens are initially manufactured with protective shields in the form of a protective casing.

Protective screens allow reducing the temperature of external metal surfaces to 80-100 ° C and, accordingly, reducing the fire-safe distance to 50 cm.The total distance from the firebox to the wall (together with a gap of 1-5 cm) will be 51-55 cm.

Installation of protective screens is not difficult. Thanks to the presence of legs, metal shields are easily bolted to the floor.

Method # 2 - brick screens

The brick screen can cover all the side surfaces of the metal furnace, representing its outer skin. Then the stove will be in a brickwork casing. In another case, the brick screen is a wall separating the oven and the flammable surface.

For the laying of the protective screen, solid fireclay bricks are used. The binder is cement or clay mortar. It is recommended to lay in half-brick (120 mm thick). But, with a lack of material, it is possible to allow the wall to be a quarter brick (60 mm thick), although in this case the thermal insulation properties of the screen will be reduced by half.

In the lower part of the shield, small holes are left (sometimes with furnace doors) for air convection between the brick wall and the stove.

The brick walls of the screen must end at least 20 cm above the top surface of the oven. Sometimes the masonry is carried out all the way to the ceiling.

The brick screen is installed not close to the walls of the stove, the optimal distance is 5-15 cm. The acceptable distance from the brickwork to the flammable wall is 5-15 cm. Thus, the use of a brick screen allows reducing the distance from the stove to the wooden wall to 22-42 cm. (oven - ventilation gap 5-15 cm - brick 12 cm - ventilation gap 5-15 cm - wall).

Protective non-combustible wall cladding

Walls adjacent to the hot oven walls are susceptible to spontaneous combustion. To prevent them from overheating, special sheathing is used, consisting of heat-insulating and non-combustible materials.

Option # 1 - reflective sheathing

Claddings consisting of a combination of non-combustible thermal insulation and metal sheets are effective. At the same time, thermal insulation is attached to the wooden surface, which is covered from above with a sheet of stainless steel. Some people use galvanized for these purposes, but, according to some reports, when heated, it can emit harmful substances. It is better not to risk it and purchase a stainless steel sheet.

To be effective, the metal sheet of the screen must be well polished. The mirror surface helps to reflect heat rays from the wooden surface and, accordingly, prevents it from heating. In addition, a sheet of stainless steel, directing infrared rays back to the steam room, turns hard radiation into a softer one, better perceived by a person.

As thermal insulation under a stainless steel, you can fix:

• Basalt wool - it has high thermal insulation properties, it is absolutely safe when used in a bath. Has increased hygroscopicity, does not burn.
• Basalt cardboard - thin sheets of basalt fiber. It is used as a fireproof, sound and heat insulating material.
• Asbestos cardboard - sheet refractory heat insulator. Possesses high strength and durability, protects combustible surfaces from ignition.
• Minerite - non-combustible sheets (plates), specially made for shielding stoves, fireplaces, easily combustible surfaces in baths and saunas.

A popular example of cladding using a metal sheet is such a "pie": wall - ventilation gap (2-3 cm) - insulation (1-2 cm) - stainless steel sheet. The distance from the wooden wall to the stove is at least 38 cm (SNiP 41-01-2003).

Ceramic bushings are used to fasten the cladding to the wall. They do not heat up and allow the formation of ventilation gaps between the insulation and the wall.

If the distance between the wooden wall and the stove is minimal, then the cladding is made of two layers of refractory insulation, for example, minerite. In this case, the sheets are fixed through ceramic bushings with a gap of 2-3 cm. The top sheet is closed with stainless steel.

Option # 2 - cladding with cladding

Of course, the protective sheathing with stainless steel perfectly protects the wooden walls from heat and fire. But it can spoil the impression of the most expensive finishes. Therefore, if the steam room is designed in a decorative style, the fireproof cladding is masked with heat-resistant tiles. The tiles are laid on heat-resistant glue, for example, produced by Terracotta.

The best materials for wall cladding near the stove:

• Terracotta tiles - made of baked clay. Differs in strength, heat resistance, durability. Terracotta tiles can be matte or glazed (majolica) and range in color from pastel yellow to brick red.
• Clinker tiles are also made of clay, they look like facing bricks. Unlike terracotta, clinker tiles are denser. The color scheme covers almost all colors, from white to black, including green and blue tones that are unusual for clay.
• Tiles are a kind of ceramic tiles. Usually it has an embossing on the front surface in the form of a pattern or ornament.
• Porcelain stoneware is a heat-resistant, durable tile. Depending on the method of processing the front surface, the tiles can imitate natural stone, brick, wood. The range of colors includes all natural shades, from white to black.
• Talcochlorite is a grayish or greenish rock. Possesses fire resistance, water resistance, durability.

Fastening refractory tiles directly to walls will not have a thermal insulation effect. The wall will still heat up, which is fraught with spontaneous combustion. Therefore, the tile is used only as an element of the protective "pie" of the following design: wall - ventilation gap (2-3 cm) - refractory sheet material - tiles. It is recommended to maintain a minimum of 15-20 cm from the tile to the walls of the stove.

Any material from this list can be used as a refractory element in cladding:

• Refractory gypsum board (GKLO) is a drywall supplemented with fiberglass fibers. Resists heat stress without structural deformation.
• Minerite is a fiber-cement board, absolutely non-combustible. Minerite slabs are moisture resistant, do not rot, do not decompose.
• Glass-magnesium sheet (MSL) is a material in the form of plates, made on the basis of magnesia binder and fiberglass. It has heat and sound insulating properties, does not deteriorate under the influence of water and temperature extremes.

The protective sheathing with the mandatory observance of the ventilation gap has a very low heat absorption coefficient, so the wall under it practically does not heat up. In addition, the use of cladding makes it possible to disguise the protective "cake" and maintain the finishing of the steam room in the same style.

Nowadays, brick ovens are trying to be folded right away so that in the future it would not be necessary to use tile cladding for its decoration: with jointing, with arched masonry, rounding the edges of the brick, cutting out figured products from bricks, and so on.

The craftsman who folds the stoves in this way is greatly appreciated. His stoves not only have excellent draft, but also an individual, unique, recognizable design.

If you are interested, you can learn more about how to masterfully fold brick ovens yourself by reading the book by Alexander Zalutsky.

Previously, they mainly rubbed the stove in the house with oily clay. The clay was diluted with water to the consistency of sour cream and smeared with hands on the brick surface of the oven. After drying, the clay surface was painted with lime.

Clay is a natural material from which the brick itself is made, the mortar for laying the stove is prepared on clay, and it is clear that the grout of the stove is also clay. Tiles are clay tiles of a special box shape. As you can see, clay products are everywhere.

The best option for cladding stoves and fireplaces is cladding with tiles, but this is an expensive pleasure.

Nowadays, Terracotta tiles are becoming more and more popular when facing stoves, fireplaces, bath rooms. This tile is also a clay product with excellent properties and adequate value.

If you have a metal stove in the corner of the steam room, then the wooden walls must be insulated from high temperatures and fire. The best option is wall cladding with Terracotta tiles.

If you have a fireplace in the rest room, then you can create an original design for its decoration using Terracotta tiles.

Cladding with Terracotta tiles in the sauna will improve heat transfer and eliminate heat loss.

Terracotta tiles are made of kaolin clay, without the addition of dyes and any impurities, by firing (terra - earth, clay and cotta - fired) at a high temperature. When fired, natural clay does not emit any harmful substances, therefore it is an environmentally friendly raw material, which has been known since the times of our wild ancestors. For example, making clay products for food and water can be talked about for hours, but this is a different topic.

Various colors of "Terracotta" tiles are obtained by mixing different types of clay, which are subjected to subsequent firing. Natural colors range from light cream to dark ocher. This natural color is perfect for wooden structures. Therefore, terracotta tiles are used to create rustic comfort and traditional Russian style in the interiors of country houses and baths.

Over time, the tile only looks better: it does not fade, but only gains more and more antiquity charm.

Any use of clay products indoors helps to improve the microclimate. Terracotta tiles absorb excess moisture well and give it back when there is a lack of moisture. Therefore, facing with Terracotta tiles has become so often used in the decoration of saunas and baths.

Terracotta tiles are not afraid of either heat or low temperatures, nothing is done to it when the temperature changes. It reliably protects the surfaces of wooden walls from fire. The coefficients of thermal expansion are the same for bricks and terracotta tiles.

If you tiled a brick oven, then it will retain and give off heat much longer. Tile "Terracotta" has high heat resistance (it is fired at temperatures above 1000 o C.). Therefore, Terracotta tiles are an excellent material for cladding a stove in a bath.

Tagged

What is the best way to decorate a wall behind a wood-burning stove in a sauna? Welded metal stove, metal 4mm thick. From the stove to the wall about 20-25cm. The better to finish the wall so that the lining does not get charred and does not catch fire. Are soapstone or coil slabs suitable? And can they be glued directly to the lining?

You're right. For the safe functioning of a metal oven, the distance specified by you (20-25 cm) to the wooden surface of the wall is not enough. Metal furnaces are characterized by active heat radiation, turning red from heating at the peak moments of the furnace. The wooden surface of the wall, or the ceiling partition, heating up to 100 ̊С, is guaranteed to catch fire. This is especially true for wood in a steam room, where it is constantly dried to minimum moisture values.

One of the ideal options for a metal stove in a bath is shown in the photo. The stove is partially covered with bricks on three sides, which allows additional heat accumulation. Also on the wall there is a screen made of fireproof material. It can be a layer of basalt cardboard or cotton wool, with a galvanized sheet on top of it.

Double wall protection

It is better to connect the heat-insulating material of the screen with “grooves”.

Alignment of thermal insulation joints

Talcochlorite is an excellent decorative material. It is most often used for cladding stoves and fireplaces, and sometimes even for laying stoves. Its main pluses in our case become minuses. This material perfectly accumulates and transfers heat, as evidenced by the heating of the surface on which it is installed. Therefore, if your choice fell on this stone, we can suggest replacing part of the wall (or flammable inner lining) with brick. It can even be decorative. And on this area, you can already put soapstone tiles on heat-resistant glue for lining stoves and fireplaces.

The same recommendations apply to coil products. In a high-quality performance, this protection option will not only look harmonious and be the highlight of the sauna, but also provide you with almost 100% fire safety.

Option with talcochlorite

Easy and safe steam for you!

• How to decorate the wall behind the sauna stove: cladding options

  
  What material is better to use for finishing the wall behind the wood-burning stove in the sauna, so that the lining does not get charred and does not catch fire. Sauna stove and wall cladding

Protecting walls in a bath from stove heat: how to make a protective screen or sheathing correctly

When you heat the bath for taking procedures, the surface of the stove can heat up to 300-400 degrees. In the process, it emits infrared rays and itself becomes a source of heating. The radiated heat is distributed throughout the steam room, but first of all it touches the walls, which are located near the wall. If the walls in your steam room are made of wood, the heat will cause them to char. And this can cause fire and fire. Despite the advertisements of various wood protection products and other options for eliminating this problem, the most effective insulation method has been and remains the arrangement of a protective screen and cladding made of non-flammable materials.

In what situations do you need wall protection?

There are situations where wall protection near the stove is not needed. For example, if there is a safe distance between the stove and the closest surface from the point of view of fire regulations. This distance should be enough to scatter infrared rays so that they are weakened and their number does not damage the wall.

fireproof distance from the metal furnace to the walls of the bath

The distance from the wall is considered safe:

• to a brick oven (with masonry in ¼ bricks) - not less than 0.32 m;
• to a furnace made of metal not lined - not less than 1 m.
• to a metal furnace lined with bricks or chamotte inside - not less than 0.7 m.

Such a safe, fire-prevention distance can mainly be organized only in steam rooms with impressive parameters. In more miniature family-type steam rooms, when there is a need to save every centimeter, it is not a justified luxury to install the stove at such a distance. Therefore, for such small steam rooms, it is better to use screens or special sheathing to protect the walls.

Protective screen around the oven.

The shield is an insulating shield that covers the sides of the oven and reduces the amount of heat rays. Screens can be made of bricks or metal. They are mainly used for metal furnaces.

Option number 1 - metal screen.

The most commonly used protective screen made of steel or cast iron sheets, bought ready-made. It is mounted around the stove, 1-5 cm away from the walls of the firebox. There are side and front screens, choose depending on which side of the stove you need to close. Often, manufacturers make ovens already equipped with a screen - a casing.

bath walls protection - metal screen

The protective screen makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the outer surfaces of the stove to 80-100 degrees, thereby reducing the safe distance to 50 cm. As a result, the distance from the firebox to the wall, including with an assembly gap of 1-5 cm, will be 51-55 cm. The screen protector is not difficult, it is usually equipped with legs that just need to be bolted to the floor.

Option number 2 - a protective brick screen.

With this screen, you can close all the side parts of the oven, thus making the outer casing for it. As a result, the stove will stand in a brick casing.

Or you can simply separate the oven and the fire hazardous surface with such a screen.

The material for the screen used as wall protection is a corpulent fireclay brick... For binding, take a solution on cement or clay. Craftsmen advise to lay the masonry in half a brick (thickness 12 cm.) But if you do not have enough material, you can make a screen in ¼ of a brick (6 cm.), But this will lead to a decrease in the thermal insulation performance of the protective wall by half. And then you need to take such changes into account when calculating the safe distance.

protection of the walls of the bath - brick screen

When laying, small holes should be left in the lower part (sometimes with furnace doors). They will serve to create air exchange in the space between the stove and the screen.

The height of the brick screen must exceed the height of the stove by at least 20 cm. There are times when the protective screen is laid out to the ceiling.

They make such a screen not close to the stove - you need to leave 5-15 cm. In order for the wall protection to be a reliable optimal distance between the screen and the wall, it should be from 5 to 15 cm.Using a protective brick screen, you can reduce the distance from the stove to the wall to 22- 42 cm (stove + 5-15 cm gap + 12 cm brick + 5-15 cm gap + wall),

Non-combustible wall cladding for protection.

Any wall that is adjacent to a red-hot stove is not immune to spontaneous combustion. To prevent overheating of the walls, it is advised to use special sheathing, which consists of heat-insulating and non-combustible materials.

Bath construction

The claddings, which include non-combustible thermal insulation and metal sheets, have proven themselves very well. So on a wooden surface you need to attach a heat-insulating material, and already on top of it a sheet of stainless steel. Someone uses galvanized steel, but there is information that when heated, it can emit harmful substances. So it's better to use stainless steel.

To increase the efficiency of such cladding, you need to polish the metal sheet well. A specular surface will improve the reflection of heat rays from the wood and naturally prevent it from heating up. Another plus is that by redirecting hard IR rays back to the steam room, the stainless metal makes them softer and easier for people to perceive.

reflective wall cladding

Under a sheet of metal, you can install the following material for thermal insulation:

• Basalt wool - it has high thermal insulation and increased hygroscopicity. It is safe even in the extreme conditions of the steam room, and it does not burn.
• Basalt cardboard - basalt fiber in the form of thin sheets. Refractory, sound and heat insulating material.
• Asbestos cardboard is a refractory heat-insulating material in sheets. It is characterized by excellent strength, durability and the ability to protect surfaces prone to fire from ignition.
• Minerite - non-combustible stoves, which are made specifically to create screens near stoves, fireplaces and other surfaces in a bath or sauna that can easily catch fire.

The following sheathing scheme is popular:

Wall - ventilation gap 2-3cm. - insulation 1-2 cm. - metal sheet. The safe distance from the stove to the wall is at least 38 cm.

Ceramic bushings are used to fix the cladding to the wall. They do not heat up and additionally serve to create a ventilation gap between the wall and the layer of heat-insulating material.

If you did not manage to install the stove at a safe distance, then you need to make a cladding in two layers of heat-insulating material. In this version, the sheets are fixed through the bushings, maintaining a gap of 2-3 cm, and the top sheet is covered with a metal sheet.

Russian bath project

Reflective sheathing is an excellent protection for wood walls from heat and fire, but it may not always look nice and appropriate in a steam room. If you have a steam room with a certain design or decor, you can disguise such a covering with heat-resistant tiles. For laying such tiles, you need to use heat-resistant glue.

Wall protection near the lined stove can be made of the following materials:

• Terracotta tiles are made from fired clay and have excellent strength, heat resistance and durability. Terracotta can be matte or glazed, with a shade ranging from pastel yellow to brick red.
• Clinker tiles are clay tiles similar to facing bricks. Its structure is denser than that of terracotta. Maybe we love the color, even white or black, or not at all usual for tiles - blue or green.
• Tiles are a type of ceramic tile. A characteristic feature is the embossing in the form of a pattern or ornament on the front part.
• Porcelain stoneware is a tile of increased strength and heat resistance. A different way of processing the front side creates a different surface. Porcelain stoneware can imitate stone, brick or wood. The color palette includes natural shades, from white to black.
• Talcochlorite is a natural mountain stone of gray or green hue. Distinctive features: fire resistance, water resistance, strength.

protective sheathing with cladding

Using fire retardant wall tiles will not provide thermal insulation. The walls will heat up anyway. The tile serves only as one component in such a design:

Wall - ventilation gap 2-3 cm. - refractory material in sheets - tiles. The distance from the stove to the tile must be at least 15-20 cm.

Refractory material can be:

• Fire-resistant gypsum plasterboard (GKLO) - gypsum plasterboard, which includes fiberglass. It does not deform under the influence of heat.
• Minerite is a non-combustible fiber cement board. In addition, it is moisture resistant, not subject to rotting or decomposition.
• Glass-magnesium sheet (MSL) is a slab material, which includes fiberglass and magnesia binder. Such material is famous for its properties for heat and sound insulation, and resistance to temperature extremes and the influence of water.

If the wall is protected in compliance with all the rules and the organization of the ventilation gap, then such a sheathing will have a low heat absorption rate, and the wall will almost not heat up. In addition, the use of tiles for cladding will well mask the protective layer, and you will not spoil the style and design of the steam room.

Protecting walls in a bath from stove heat: how to make a protective screen or sheathing correctly

protection of the walls of the bath from the heat of the stove. why is it needed and what is the distance from the walls to the stove is fireproof. Protective screens, protective sheathing and sheathing with cladding

Protecting the walls of the bath from the heat of the stove: rules for the construction of protective screens and sheathing

During the kindling of the bath, the surface of the stove heats up to 300-400 ° C. At the same time, it begins to emit infrared rays and itself becomes a source of heating. The running heat is distributed throughout the steam room, but first of all it hits the walls adjacent to the stove. If the walls are wooden, then under the influence of high temperatures, their charring begins. And there it is already a stone's throw from the fire! The only truly effective way to insulate wooden walls from heat is to create protective screens and claddings made of non-combustible materials in the bath.

When is protection needed at all?

The need to install protective skins and screens does not always arise. If a fireproof distance is maintained between the stove and the nearest flammable surface, additional protection is not needed. At this distance, the infrared rays are scattered, weakened and the amount that the wooden wall receives can no longer lead to its damage.

It is believed that the safe distance from the wall to the brick kiln (quarter-brick masonry) is at least 0.32 m, from the wall to the metal kiln (not lined) - not less than 1 m. decreases to 0.7 m.

Thus, compliance with fire-prevention distances is more possible in large saunas, where the issue of saving space is not relevant. In family steam rooms, where every centimeter of space counts, installing a stove 0.3-1 m from the nearest walls is impractical. In this case, the established safety distances must be reduced by means of screens and skins.

Protective screens near (around) the oven

Shields are insulation shields that cover the side surfaces of the oven and reduce the intensity of heat radiation. Screens are metal and brick. Typically used for metal ovens.

Method # 1 - metal screens

The most common shields are prefabricated steel or cast iron sheets. They are installed around the stove, at a distance of 1-5 cm from the walls of the firebox. Depending on the need to isolate one side or the other of the oven, side or front (front) screens can be purchased. Many metal ovens are initially manufactured with protective shields in the form of a protective casing.

Protective screens allow reducing the temperature of external metal surfaces to 80-100 ° C and, accordingly, reducing the fire-safe distance to 50 cm.The total distance from the firebox to the wall (together with a gap of 1-5 cm) will be 51-55 cm.

Installation of protective screens is not difficult. Thanks to the presence of legs, metal shields are easily bolted to the floor.

Method # 2 - brick screens

The brick screen can cover all the side surfaces of the metal furnace, representing its outer skin. Then the stove will be in a brickwork casing. In another case, the brick screen is a wall separating the oven and the flammable surface.

For the laying of the protective screen, solid fireclay bricks are used. The binder is cement or clay mortar. It is recommended to lay in half-brick (120 mm thick). But, with a lack of material, it is possible to allow the wall to be a quarter brick (60 mm thick), although in this case the thermal insulation properties of the screen will be reduced by half.

In the lower part of the shield, small holes are left (sometimes with furnace doors) for air convection between the brick wall and the stove.

The brick walls of the screen must end at least 20 cm above the top surface of the oven. Sometimes the masonry is carried out all the way to the ceiling.

The brick screen is installed not close to the walls of the stove, the optimal distance is 5-15 cm. The acceptable distance from the brickwork to the flammable wall is 5-15 cm. Thus, the use of a brick screen allows reducing the distance from the stove to the wooden wall to 22-42 cm. (oven - ventilation gap 5-15 cm - brick 12 cm - ventilation gap 5-15 cm - wall).

Protective non-combustible wall cladding

Walls adjacent to the hot oven walls are susceptible to spontaneous combustion. To prevent them from overheating, special sheathing is used, consisting of heat-insulating and non-combustible materials.

Option # 1 - reflective sheathing

Claddings consisting of a combination of non-combustible thermal insulation and metal sheets are effective. At the same time, thermal insulation is attached to the wooden surface, which is covered from above with a sheet of stainless steel. Some people use galvanized for these purposes, but, according to some reports, when heated, it can emit harmful substances. It is better not to risk it and purchase a stainless steel sheet.

To be effective, the metal sheet of the screen must be well polished. The mirror surface helps to reflect heat rays from the wooden surface and, accordingly, prevents it from heating. In addition, a sheet of stainless steel, directing infrared rays back to the steam room, turns hard radiation into a softer one, better perceived by a person.

As thermal insulation under a stainless steel, you can fix:

• Basalt wool - it has high thermal insulation properties, it is absolutely safe when used in a bath. Has increased hygroscopicity, does not burn.
• Basalt cardboard - thin sheets of basalt fiber. It is used as a fireproof, sound and heat insulating material.
• Asbestos cardboard - sheet refractory heat insulator. Possesses high strength and durability, protects combustible surfaces from ignition.
• Minerite - non-combustible sheets (plates), specially made for shielding stoves, fireplaces, easily combustible surfaces in baths and saunas.

A popular example of cladding using a metal sheet is such a "pie": wall - ventilation gap (2-3 cm) - insulation (1-2 cm) - stainless steel sheet. The distance from the wooden wall to the stove is at least 38 cm (SNiP 41-01-2003).

Ceramic bushings are used to fasten the cladding to the wall. They do not heat up and allow the formation of ventilation gaps between the insulation and the wall.

If the distance between the wooden wall and the stove is minimal, then the cladding is made of two layers of refractory insulation, for example, minerite. In this case, the sheets are fixed through ceramic bushings with a gap of 2-3 cm. The top sheet is closed with stainless steel.

Option # 2 - cladding with cladding

Of course, the protective sheathing with stainless steel perfectly protects the wooden walls from heat and fire. But it can spoil the impression of the most expensive finishes. Therefore, if the steam room is designed in a decorative style, the fireproof cladding is masked with heat-resistant tiles. The tiles are laid on heat-resistant glue, for example, produced by Terracotta.

The best materials for wall cladding near the stove:

• Terracotta tiles - made of baked clay. Differs in strength, heat resistance, durability. Terracotta tiles can be matte or glazed (majolica) and range in color from pastel yellow to brick red.
• Clinker tiles are also made of clay, they look like facing bricks. Unlike terracotta, clinker tiles are denser. The color scheme covers almost all colors, from white to black, including green and blue tones that are unusual for clay.
• Tiles are a kind of ceramic tiles. Usually it has an embossing on the front surface in the form of a pattern or ornament.
• Porcelain stoneware is a heat-resistant, durable tile. Depending on the method of processing the front surface, the tiles can imitate natural stone, brick, wood. The range of colors includes all natural shades, from white to black.
• Talcochlorite is a grayish or greenish rock. Possesses fire resistance, water resistance, durability.

Fastening refractory tiles directly to walls will not have a thermal insulation effect. The wall will still heat up, which is fraught with spontaneous combustion. Therefore, the tile is used only as an element of the protective "pie" of the following design: wall - ventilation gap (2-3 cm) - refractory sheet material - tiles. It is recommended to maintain a minimum of 15-20 cm from the tile to the walls of the stove.

Any material from this list can be used as a refractory element in cladding:

• Refractory gypsum board (GKLO) is a drywall supplemented with fiberglass fibers. Resists heat stress without structural deformation.
• Minerite is a fiber-cement board, absolutely non-combustible. Minerite slabs are moisture resistant, do not rot, do not decompose.
• Glass-magnesium sheet (MSL) is a material in the form of plates, made on the basis of magnesia binder and fiberglass. It has heat and sound insulating properties, does not deteriorate under the influence of water and temperature extremes.

The protective sheathing with the mandatory observance of the ventilation gap has a very low heat absorption coefficient, so the wall under it practically does not heat up. In addition, the use of cladding makes it possible to disguise the protective "cake" and maintain the finishing of the steam room in the same style.

Protection of the walls of the bath from the heat of the stove: the device of protective sheathing and screens

We figure out how to protect the walls of the bath from the heat of the stove. Arrangement of protective sheathing and special screens. Fire safety technical rules.

How to decorate the stove in the bath

In recent years, metal stoves have gained great popularity among the owners of home baths. The reason for this was the ease and speed of installation, affordable pricing policy. However, they have a number of disadvantages, ranging from unpresentable appearance and ending with the likelihood of a fire. Furnishing the stove in the bath is performed to reduce negative factors.

During operation, the temperature of the metal furnace in the bath reaches about 400 0. A metal heated to such a temperature can cause a fire in nearby wooden structures. For fire safety purposes, there are permissible distances from the metal source of heating to the wall established by SNiP. In the absence of protective screens, the distance should be at least 1 meter.

In large rooms, it is not difficult to maintain such a distance. But if the question concerns a small home bath, every centimeter of space is important.

To reduce the permissible distance, a number of measures are carried out:

• install protective screens around the oven itself;
• sheathe sections of the walls located in the immediate vicinity of the ignition source.

Metal screens

Installation of steel sheets allows you to reduce the fire hazard distance. From a wooden surface to a steel screen, it is enough to withstand 50 cm.

Protective screens made of metal can be either factory-made or self-welded. During installation, it is necessary to create a ventilation gap between the heating part of the furnace and the metal screen. The presence of the ventilation duct contributes to the heating of the casing to 100 0. Factory screens are equipped with legs and fasteners, using them, it will not be difficult to install the sheets.

Brick screens

There are two options for installing a brick screen:

• a brick partition is erected only between the wooden wall of the bath and the metal stove;
• the oven is laid with brick walls on all sides.

It is enough to leave a distance of 10-15 cm between the wooden wall and the brick screen.

Wall cladding with heat-reflecting screens

Reflective sheathing is a heat-insulating material covered by a stainless steel sheet at the top. This option allows you to reduce the distance from the protective coating to the working surface of the oven to 38 cm.

As a protective layer that does not allow the wood surface to catch fire, use non-combustible, durable materials with low thermal conductivity:

• basalt wool(basalt canvas, basalt slabs, basalt cardboard), sometimes it is called stone wool. Made from rock (basalt), it is an environmentally friendly material. Does not emit harmful compounds when heated, withstands temperatures up to 600 0, without collapsing and without losing its properties. Possesses good water repellency, absolutely does not absorb moisture and does not corrode adjacent materials;
• minerite slabs- the main component in them is cement. They are able to withstand a temperature of 600 0, however, the operating temperature at which the properties do not change is 150 0. Well absorbs and releases moisture. Minerite is harmless to the respiratory tract when heated;

• asbestos boards or asbestos board... It is considered by some to be a carcinogenic material that is harmful to health, but this has not been scientifically proven. Asbestos dust can be harmful to the body if inhaled. Asbestos closed on top with a metal sheet has established itself as a good thermal insulation material;
• expanded vermeculite slabs do not contain asbestos, are made of mountain mica. They have a low specific weight, high mechanical strength. Such boards can be applied with a layer of plaster and tiled with ceramic tiles.

The top of the insulating layer is covered with a sheet of stainless steel. In some cases, galvanized iron is used, but it is "transparent" to infrared rays. The polished steel surface is capable of reflecting heat rays, directing them back into the bathhouse.

They mount metal sheets on ceramic mounts that are not exposed to strong heat. For free circulation of air flows, preventing heating of the wooden wall, it is necessary to provide a ventilation gap. For this, a ventilation gap is provided between the insulating layer and the wall. The screen is mounted, leaving a distance above the floor and above the ceiling.

Cladding followed by cladding

It is possible to provide an aesthetically presentable appearance of the bath by decorating the heat-insulating layer with refractory tiles, the installation of which must be carried out on heat-resistant glue.

To ensure high thermal insulation of a wooden surface from the heat of the furnace, refractory materials are mounted on it, which can be used as:

• glass magnetic sheets resistant to high temperatures and high ambient humidity. They are characterized by high elasticity and mechanical strength. When heated, they do not emit toxic substances;
• expanded vermiculite sheets;
• minerite slabs.

Facing types: tiles

The following types of tiles have proven themselves well for facing heat-insulating areas:

• Terracotta tiles... Eco-friendly unglazed tiles made of colored clay without mechanical impurities by long-term firing in ovens. Possesses increased heat resistance, does not emit harmful substances and specific odors when heated. During operation, it does not lose its original color. Has a color palette from gray to beige. Has textured options for wood and stone. Able to keep warm for a long time.
• Clinker tiles made from shale clay. It is fired at a temperature of about 1200 0 in one cycle. Does not harm health during heating. Such tiles are durable, have increased resistance to abrasion and discoloration. The available colors range from black to white.

• Porcelain stoneware tiles... Artificial finishing material, consisting of clay, quartz sand and kaolin. It withstands a humid environment and high temperatures well, does not deteriorate under "thermal shock". It has a long service life. Manufacturers produce glazed, matt, polished, leather, wood, stone structured porcelain stoneware.
• Soapstone tile... Natural material of mountainous origin, more often gray, but it is found interspersed with brown, cherry, yellow and green shades. Withstands repeated heating and high humidity, well accumulates and gives off heat.

Construction of a brick casing around a metal plate

The brick casing for shielding the furnace has a significant weight, and a prerequisite for its installation is the presence of a foundation.

Foundation device

If the brickwork around the metal stove is made in the already built bath, you will have to dismantle the floor covering.

The size of the concrete base is calculated by adding the size of the brickwork 20 cm + ventilation gap 10 cm + horizontal dimensions of the metal stove.

Installation is started by choosing a layer of the earth. The depth depends on the degree of freezing of the soil and is about 60 cm.

In the case of a close occurrence of groundwater, geotextiles or roofing material well-coated with bitumen mastic are laid on the bottom and on the sides of the pit.

A sand cushion is installed on the base of the resulting pit. The sand is laid wet and tamped thoroughly. A layer of gravel or crushed stone is poured on top and compacted.

Another layer of sand 15 cm thick is poured.

• collect a reinforcing lattice from reinforcement or metal rods, with a mesh size of 10 * 10;
• they are poured with concrete mortar, not reaching the edges of the pit by 10 cm;
• after that, the concrete needs time to "mature" within three weeks;
• several layers of roofing material are laid on top of the concrete base and a heat-resistant slab is installed;
• a continuous row of bricks is laid, which should not protrude beyond the boundaries of the refractory sheet, voids in the masonry are also unacceptable. The excess solution is immediately removed;
• the second row is laid in the same way as the first, but with an offset of the seams;
• compliance with the horizontal plane is considered a prerequisite.

Preparation of mortar for masonry

The ready-made solution can be purchased at the store or use a sand-clay mixture. To determine the best ratio of sand and clay, a small batch is made from which a cylinder or bar is formed. Pay attention to the possible appearance of cracks, the absence of which is an indicator of quality.

Clay used for masonry is preferably used from deep layers, without earth and mechanical impurities.

To give the clay the required consistency and plasticity, it is kept in water for several days, after which it is rubbed through a sieve to remove debris.

A ratio of clay with sand 1: 1 is considered good, liquid is added to it in small portions.

A high-quality mixture does not stick to the trowel and does not drip from it. When carrying a trowel over the solution, the left trace should not blur or have a torn structure.

To improve the quality of the masonry, rock salt is added at the rate of 0.1 kg per bucket of ready-made mortar. It is also good to add cement and chamotte powder.

Furnace lining technological process

The laying of the protective casing around the metal plate is carried out:

• red solid brick, which has a high degree of heat resistance and a long operational period;
• fireclay brick, which has the same characteristics, but a higher cost;

• ceramic refractory bricks: all the positive properties of solid bricks are inherent in it, but at the same time it has a more aesthetic appearance and can be used as facing.

In some cases, masonry is carried out with hollow bricks, but it must be borne in mind that it has the worst heat retention characteristics.

It is advisable to soak the brick before starting work. Dry brick is able to quickly absorb the liquid fraction through the capillaries and does not allow the binder part of the solution to penetrate inside to increase the adhesion of the masonry. In the summer, this method is not difficult.

If the construction process takes place in the autumn-spring period, it is quite problematic to dry the wet brick in the finished product in cold, humid weather. To heat for drying means to strike a blow to the strength even before the oven starts operating: uneven heating will destroy the seams. It is also impossible to leave the oven undried for the winter, the cold will tear the masonry under the influence of negative temperatures. In this case, a more liquid solution is made and the surface of the brick is slightly moistened.

With insufficient construction experience, for the convenience of maintaining a horizontal plane, a cord or fishing line is pulled along the perimeter of the masonry. The disadvantage of this method is the need to raise the line with each row.

You will be able to pay for light by 30-50% less, depending on what kind of electrical appliances you use.

Furnishing the stove in the bath - how and with what material to finish the stove in the bath

Furnishing the stove in the bath in this article, you will learn about the finishing of the stove: the material for the casing of the stove depends not only on the preferences of the owner of the bath, but also on some other factors.

Usually, most owners of steam rooms choose factory cast iron or steel products as a bath stove. Some owners use their own oven. But in any case, over time, the conclusion suggests itself: you need to somehow protect the heating structure from the general space of the steam room.

How to overlay a stove in a bath with a brick so that after the work performed it not only looks beautiful, but also improves the thermal characteristics of the heating unit?

What is the purpose of laying a bath stove

People who are well versed in "bathing" issues are confident that in order to create a "correct" iron bath stove, it should be well-covered with bricks. It is such a heater that is characterized by the supply of soft heat, light steam, while remaining hot for a long time.

Some people think that a significant disadvantage of bricking a metal stove in a steam room is that it takes too long to get the desired temperature in the steam room. Plus, in order to build a brick structure, a considerable amount of funds is required for materials. This is provided that you will do the laying yourself.

Given these circumstances, many people prefer metal bath stoves without bricking them. Although, over time, it becomes obvious that such furnace devices have a number of disadvantages that are absent in brick counterparts:

• fast heating, but also fast cooling;
• hard heat is emitted from the hot metal walls, which causes some discomfort for visitors in the steam room.

So how can you put the stove in the bathhouse so that it is cheap, beautiful and the quality of functioning of the structure does not suffer?

Craftsmen have found a universal solution: to protect against infrared radiation and in order to accumulate heat, it is necessary to install a kind of barrier in the form of a brick partition between the metal structure and the space of the steam room. Therefore, the optimal solution was found: it is necessary to cover the bathing unit with bricks. This option is relatively cheap and effective.

What kind of brick to use

Before starting the main work, you must decide on the material. How to overlay the stove in the bath, what materials are used for this?

Often, such structures are erected from bricks available in the household. And this is normal, since everyone wants to spend the minimum amount of money, with the maximum return. Therefore, at home there is always a whole brick (silicate, red ceramic - full-bodied and hollow production, fireclay), or pieces of them.

If you start with a silicate brick, then it should be noted that such a brick is ideal for cladding a house, ancillary buildings. It perfectly tolerates the influence of atmospheric precipitation and therefore is durable. But for performing work on the lining of metal bath stoves, it is not at all suitable. The fact is that in bathing conditions such a brick will not withstand for a long time and will begin to collapse, since its main ingredient is slaked lime, which absorbs moisture well.

A good option for creating a thermal partition is a fireclay (refractory) type of brick. It easily tolerates sudden temperature changes and has a high heat capacity. True, the appearance would like to be the best. But this is not a problem, because after lining, you can also use porcelain stoneware, as well as other materials.

Advice! It is advisable to cover the sauna stove with refractory bricks in cases where you have more than enough of it. And to acquire it for this purpose on purpose is very expensive. Therefore, you need to think about using it in another, more necessary place of the home construction site.

Refractory bricks are used in cases where there is a small distance between the masonry and the metal surface - from 1 to 2 cm. In this case, the brick will warm up to a temperature of 350-400⁰С.

When the gap is within 6-9 cm, then the heating will drop to 180-200⁰C, which is caused by a sharp increase in the air speed in the gap between the oven and the partition.

An excellent option for lining the stove in a bath is red brick. Preferably full-bodied, although hollow is also fine. But nevertheless, it is better to choose, if there is such an opportunity, the first option, since a hollow one has a small heat capacity and heat will not last long.

Important! The main thing is to perfectly align the first row.

After that, you should start laying the corners, while not forgetting to tie up the rows of bricks.

There is no need to rush, as it is recommended to do the styling for 2 days. This is due to the fact that on the first day it is necessary to level the base and lay only 5 rows. And on the next, after checking the shrinkage in advance, lay out the remaining 8 rows.

Important! For better adhesion of the mortar to the brick, it is necessary to immerse each pebble in salt water for 12-15 minutes.

Do not forget about the control over the horizontal and vertical lines in the laid rows.

It would be nice to use steel wire or mesh as a bandage for corner bricks. You can also reinforce a whole row with reinforcement or fiberglass. In the latter version, a mounting belt can be made on the surface of the row for the purpose of embedding 4 mm plastic. To reinforce fireclay bricks, it is best to use iron materials.

The cover is best done in the form of a well with 2 rows of windows: at the top and in the middle of the structure. The ideal option is to use half a brick placed at an angle to the wall as a lintel. Thanks to this design, the air in the gap begins to move better, which leads to a decrease in the temperature inside the well, excluding, at the same time, excess heating of the air inside the steam room.

Quite popular are designs with a finish inside the well using a bath stone. This option prevents water splashes from stones from entering the gap between the screen and the oven. And this is good, since heated chamotte and, moreover, red brick is easily destroyed by hot water.

The metal sauna stove is lined not just for beauty. As evidenced by numerous reviews, thanks to such an event, the atmosphere in the steam room is significantly improved. And this despite the fact that every owner of the bath can do the brick lining with his own hands, if there is no opportunity to build a brick oven. Therefore, the work will be carried out with minimal financial costs, with high quality, as a result of which the bath will have not only an attractive appearance, but also an internal thermal environment that is beneficial to health. Good luck!