The old system of building wooden and stone houses included an insulation system during the construction process. Insulation was not allocated to a separate area of ​​work; it was carried out along with the construction of walls and was a matter of course. Now the concern is how to properly insulate frame house, is the main one for builders.

The procedure for insulation work

The building materials market does not suffer from a shortage of insulation materials for walls, floors and ceilings. Every owner wants to choose something unusual, but natural and not harmful to health, so that it is thorough, long-lasting and inexpensive. The intensity of heat exchange greatly affects not only your health, mood and warmth in the house, but also the state of your wallet, since heating services are becoming more important. Therefore, you most often have to insulate a frame house with your own hands.

Warming – inevitable process of any construction, the need to insulate floors and ceilings is caused by their very design feature.

This part of the work requires as much attention as the construction of the frame itself. can be produced using various technologies:

• along the outer wall, attic and underground;
• along the inside of the walls and along the ceiling;
• both outside and inside the house;
• uneven insulation different parts buildings.

At the same time, there are various methods of work, using which the walls retain maximum heat in a frame house.

If the builders have not carried out the insulation work accurately enough, they will have to roll up their sleeves and finish, redo, bring the insulation to perfection, starting from the walls and ending with the subfloor, or even with their own hands again. At the same time, it is important to systematically, purposefully and carefully insulate all the above areas. The ceiling is subject to more dense insulation, and the insulation layer should be significantly larger than on the walls - by 25-50%. Close attention should be paid to both external and internal wall insulation; floor insulation should not be ignored.

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Types of insulation for frame houses

Wall insulation does not present any structural features or difficulties even for a layman. The only difficulty is the choice of insulation. Insulation materials are produced in two categories - synthetic-based and natural ingredients. Most used insulation materials for frame houses:

• expanded polystyrene;
• Styrofoam;
• ecowool;
• mineral wool.

which is divided according to the material of manufacture into:

• glass;
• slag;
• stone.

Expanded polystyrene has an aluminum layer, which significantly improves its thermal insulation. The foil gives it, except elevated thermal insulation qualities, also moisture and steam resistance. This technology allows you to reduce the thickness of the insulation while maintaining the same properties. Produced in sheet and roll form. For wall stickers it can be produced with a self-adhesive surface.

The main disadvantage of polystyrene foam, if outside, is the negative influence of sunlight, leading to its destruction. This insulation requires protection when used outdoors. This protection can be paint or plaster. Its advantages include wide choose material thickness, fire resistance and environmental safety.

Mineral wool gained its popularity due to not only its good thermal insulation properties, but also excellent fire resistance and excellent noise absorption. This material does not shrink over time. Available in rolls and also in sheet format.

Ecowool is made from cellulose fibers. Valuable for its environmental cleanliness. When dry, it is compacted into the walls, and moistened with water, it is applied into the inter-frame gaps of the walls. The possibility of glass wool is used extremely rarely due to a number of serious disadvantages. These include the fragility of the fibers, which results in the formation of glass dust, which negatively affects health throughout the entire period of use. This type of insulation is subject to shrinkage.

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Pitfalls when insulating

Mineral wool, made on the basis of slag, when exposed to moisture, becomes aggressive towards metals, and it has a very low level heat saving. Cotton wool, which is based on basalt, stone wool is an excellent opportunity to insulate frame walls. Environmentally friendly, durable, with both good insulating qualities in terms of thermal conductivity and vapor permeability, and excellent fire-fighting properties.

However, if available on the market good insulation materials desire still encounters problems. They consist in the difference in vapor, moisture and heat permeability of the insulation. Foam plastic, for example, has good moisture resistance, but its heat resistance leaves much to be desired, while mineral wool, on the contrary, has problems with moisture protection. That is, it is necessary to insulate frame walls by first distributing the insulation according to the degree of resistance to various environments.

The use of mineral wool should be limited when insulating a house from the outside or provide protection from moisture, otherwise the heat insulator may become a heat conductor. But on the other hand, a frame house must have air exchange with external environment. Natural heat insulators are good in this regard, such as:

• clay;
• tyrsa;
• straw.

They carry out natural heat exchange, maintain optimal humidity in the room, and provide protection from noise. Being used as insulation on, they clearly perform their functions, predetermined by nature itself. But working with them is a long and labor-intensive process, unacceptable for our high-speed age.

To prevent the appearance of excess moisture and steam, as well as to effectively collect them, glassine is used. This long-time companion of wall insulation is mounted inside the outer skin of the frame. It allows you to keep the insulation dry, which performs the main function of heat retention. At the same time, a gap must be left between it and the insulation to allow the glassine to dry and prevent the insulation from getting wet. The air layer, in addition, will itself be a natural thermal protection, complementing the main insulation and creating a healthy microclimate in the house.

Korovin Sergey Dmitrievich

Master of Architecture, graduated from Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 11 years of experience in design and construction.

To achieve a comfortable stay in the house during winter period it is necessary to think about insulation at the construction stage. This will prevent cold air from entering the room and ensure compliance with temperature and humidity conditions. You can do the insulation of a frame house yourself. Step-by-step instructions for each type of structure are given below.

Why is it necessary to insulate a house?

Using thermal protection of structures in contact with cold air, the following problems can be solved:

• condensation from inside the premises;
• the appearance of dampness, mold and mildew;
• increased heating costs;
• non-compliance temperature regime living space and a decrease in the comfort of living in it.

Besides competent technology insulation of a frame house can extend the service life of the main structures of the building.

Materials for thermal protection

House insulation can be carried out using the following materials:

These are the most effective materials, but in addition to them, sawdust or expanded clay can be used for some structures. Protecting your home with mineral wool has become quite widespread; it will be discussed in more detail below. You can learn about insulation with foam plastic and expanded polystyrene in the article “Insulation of a frame house with expanded polystyrene.”

Types of mineral wool

There are two classifications of this insulation. The first is based on the raw materials used for manufacturing:

The most popular is the insulation of the walls of a frame house and other structures with basalt mineral wool.

The second classification is based on the form of insulation:

• rigid slabs;
• roll material.

It is worth noting that glass wool is only available in rolls.

For floors, rigid slabs that can withstand fairly high loads are suitable. Insulation of the walls of a frame house can be carried out using both slabs and rolls. For mansard roof It is best to use slab material. This will allow you to easily install mineral wool insulation between the rafters.

Insulated frame house structures

Before insulating a frame house, you need to decide which structures require this additional measure.

You can protect the following building elements from the cold with your own hands:

1. first floor floor;
2. attic floor (if the attic is cold);
3. attic roof;
4. exterior walls.

Do-it-yourself insulation work can be done both outside and inside. It is best to install thermal insulation between the studs, as this will ensure competent work material. Insulation wooden house applying mineral wool from the inside of the wall will greatly simplify the work and allow events to be carried out in any weather conditions.

Double-layer insulation – guarantee of 100% thermal protection

An insulation scheme from the outside is possible if the insulation from the inside is not sufficient and it is necessary to additional insulation. Peculiarities:

• external thermal insulation material should not create a barrier to steam. Otherwise, the resulting condensate from water vapor will accumulate between two layers of insulation, which is fraught with the formation of mold and mildew;
• thickening the house wall

Based on all of the above, it follows that thermal protection of a wooden house from the outside with mineral wool should be carried out only in exceptional cases when the scheme from the inside is not applicable.

Wall insulation

To guarantee a comfortable stay during the winter period, it is important to take care of the thermal protection of the walls. To reliably insulate walls with basalt or other wool from the outside with your own hands, you need two-layer insulation. Adhere to the following layer order:

1. interior decoration;
2. vapor barrier;
3. insulation with mineral wool (2 layers with offset racks);
4. windproof membrane;
5. OSB-3 for sheathing;
6. external finishing of the facade.

It is important to remember that the scheme for using this type of insulation requires the presence of a ventilated layer with a thickness of at least 4 cm. This is necessary due to the high hygroscopicity of the material. In order for the insulation to maintain its performance characteristics, it is necessary to remove excess moisture from its surface. This is ensured by the circulation of cold air outside the surface of the mineral wool.

Most often, the technology for insulating the walls of a frame house is the following scheme: the material is not laid on any side, but between the frame posts. This allows you to reduce the overall thickness of the wall and significantly reduce the construction time of the building. Mineral wool is fixed between the frame posts, after which sheathing is done on both sides.

When carrying out DIY work, vapor barrier and wind protection are positioned similarly to the previous cases: steam protection is on the inside, and wind protection is on the outside.

When thermally protecting walls from the inside under a curtain wall, the order of layers is as follows:

1. interior decoration;
2. vapor barrier;
3. mineral wool;
4. superdiffusion membrane;
5. wall design;
6. façade finishing.

Insulation of floors

A wooden frame house is characterized by ceiling beams. When arranging thermal insulation with your own hands, insulation boards are laid between load-bearing structures ceilings You can also use rolled materials, but spreading them will require preliminary installation of the bottom sheathing or continuous flooring.

When insulating with mineral wool in the form of rigid slabs, it is better to take the pitch of wooden floor beams so that there is a clear gap of 580 mm between them. This will ensure maximum ease of working with 600 mm wide slabs and complete filling of the space with heat-insulating material.

When doing things with your own hands, you need to remember that the vapor barrier is located from the inside of the room, and the waterproofing is on the cold air side. In the case of interfloor ceilings, protection from steam should be provided from the ceiling.

It is also important to remember that when working with any type of mineral wool, it is better to prevent particles of the material from getting on your skin and into your lungs. For this, it is best to use gloves and a mask. Workers must also have special clothing that completely covers their arms and legs.

Insulation of pitched roofs

The DIY installation technology is similar to ceilings. The pitch of the rafters, as in the previous case, is selected to maintain a clear distance of 580 mm.

The work is performed in the following order:

1. installation of the rafter system;
2. laying a waterproofing layer on top of the rafters;
3. thermal insulation;
4. installation of vapor barrier;
5. top and bottom sheathing;
6. laying roofing material;
7. interior ceiling decoration.

Preparatory work

Before properly insulating a frame house, it is necessary to prepare the surfaces. To do this, follow simple steps:

1. treating all wooden house structures with antiseptic compounds to prevent damage by various microorganisms;
2. cleaning the surface from dirt and dust;
3. elimination of significant irregularities.

These simple do-it-yourself manipulations will ensure that the insulation securely adheres to the structures and lasts as long as possible. long term services.

Source: domzastroika.ru

Technology of insulating the walls of a frame house with mineral wool from the inside and outside

A frame house is a practical, durable and very budget-friendly construction option. It has multiple advantages, especially in the area of ​​ease of design and installation.

Insulation remains an unchanged nuance for a frame house; despite the basic insulation installed in the niches, it is necessary to additionally ensure heat retention.

The material of a frame house is wood or metal, more often they complement each other. Therefore, additional insulation is used either outside or inside.

Insulating walls in a frame house has long ceased to be a luxury; now it is more of a necessity. Since in Lately frame structures are becoming increasingly common in cold regions of the country, it is worth thinking about warmth and comfort in the house.

Internal and external insulation - features and nuances

Each insulation option deserves its right to exist, since in some situations it shows better results. The advantages and disadvantages of each method should be analyzed point by point.

Internal insulation has a higher heat retention coefficient, thus energy costs will be minimal.

This is due to the fact that there is no need to warm up the walls; most of the air is retained directly in the room. The situation is twofold, since walls can also collapse due to a shift in the dew point. So the moisture from the cold air will be transformed into droplets almost in the room itself.

Comparison of insulation methods

Also internal option insulation is easier to install; you can reach the wall using a simple stepladder.

In contrast to this advantage, there is a nuance - this is a decrease in the variety of wall decor, that is, the insulation is less durable and fastening some structures can be difficult. It's logical that the construction of an additional layer on the walls leads to general decrease area of ​​the house.

External insulation - this is a more standard and safer way to preserve heat. This type insulation has the following advantages:

1. The walls are protected from destruction and are less susceptible to weather conditions;
2. Does not take up space in the room;
3. Lower requirements for the environmental component of insulation;

List the main types of insulation and their brief description

Insulation materials are divided according to their properties and method of application, but today the variety of materials is so large that it is very difficult to describe all the options, so only the most popular methods will be discussed.

Stone wool

Stone wool is a material that is used everywhere, it is preferred by many development companies. The popularity of cotton wool is based on easy installation, since no special skills are required and you can get by with improvised tools.

Due to its distribution, cotton wool can be found in almost every major hardware store, and transportation is possible even in your own car. The main requirement for installing wool is its installation density - there should be no gaps.

Styrofoam - This is a cheaper and moisture-resistant insulation, but it is also quite fragile. Installation of foam plastic is somewhat more difficult and requires some experience in this area. Since the material does not absorb moisture, there is no need for moisture/vapor protective membranes, which reduces the cost of the project.

The performance characteristics of polystyrene foam somewhat repel many people, which is why serious disputes flare up around the material. As negative aspects, they note that the material is not at all environmentally friendly and people complain about a deterioration in their health after insulation.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is often used in construction due to its high thermal/sound insulating properties, and mineral substances are increasingly gaining popularity in private construction.

Cotton wool has the form of fibers that are several times smaller than hair, and all this is in compressed form. The fiber length is 10-15cm.

Due to the presence of a huge number of air cavities, the material retains heat well, and along with it, sound. Installation of wool is as simple as possible due to the flexibility and elasticity of the blocks, and there is no tendency to deform. There is no risk of fire.

There are many other types of insulation, such as:

Frame wall insulation pie - what elements does it consist of?

There are several main options for building a frame house, the first is a factory one, when you initially buy ready-made blocks, it is called frame-panel. Another method is to arrange and assemble the panels on site, essentially by hand.

Both options must contain several important layers, each of which has its own specific function. In fact, there are only 5 main layers:

1. So, naturally, he goes first façade cladding, this also includes external insulation, so the function is attractive design and protection against temperature changes;
2. Further windproof membrane protects the house from drafts, removes moisture and thereby retains heat;
3. The frame itself always contains some kind of insulation;
4. A vapor barrier layer protects the insulation from the penetration of water vapor, which in turn ensures the durability of the building;
5. Internal lining. There are no longer any special standards here; you can use internal insulation, a variety of decor and anything that seems appropriate to the owner.

Sealing cracks and preparing sheathing

Lathing is vital in insulating a frame house. The reason is that it is simply impossible to attach to mineral wool or any other filler, since they are not able to withstand loads.

Further work requires the presence of lathing; the material can serve as ordinary timber, and profile.

The sheathing itself additionally serves to seal the inner layer of insulation and provide additional ventilation.

• Before preparing the sheathing All cracks must be sealed first, which can be formed due to a loose fit of the insulation.
• It is necessary to fill the niches in the frame so that a slight pressure of the insulation is formed on the supports. This is done so that if the beams dry out, gaps do not form due to the filler, otherwise large heat losses are guaranteed.
• Various gaps that cannot be closed using the material simply blown with foam.
• The sheathing itself is done as simply as possible. To install the sheathing, a board measuring 20x90mm is used. The sheathing is attached to wooden strips that secure the insulation. You can fill the timber in absolutely any direction, it depends on the decor you choose.

Proper insulation of the walls of a frame house with mineral wool - in detail and step by step

It is worth noting that mineral wool is very good material for insulation, but it still has several negative parameters, such as highlighting harmful substances, What limits its use indoors.

It is also noted that the material is afraid of moisture and water vapor.

If the mineral wool is saturated by even a few percent, the insulation loses half of its heat-insulating properties.

Now you should highlight several basic steps for insulating walls with your own hands when using mineral wool:

1. First, it is necessary to sheathe the inside of the structure with a vapor barrier material;
2. Then sew up the inside of the frame, this is often done using OSB. In this way, niches are created for further sealing;
3. Usually niches are made to fit the size of mineral wool, but if necessary you will have to trim the sheet with a simple knife. It is worth considering that you should cut 5 mm more on each side than was measured, this creates additional protection from possible cracks;
4. Selecting the number of mineral wool sheets. Each is 5 cm thick, the calculation must be made based on the terrain, in normal cases 2 sheets are enough. Sometimes niches are made in several layers that intersect;
5. Now the frame is sheathed on the outside with wind protection;
6. The sheathing goes on top of the insulation.

Insulation of frame walls with polystyrene foam - in detail and step by step

Despite the fact that mineral wool is a good material for insulation, it is worth disassembling internal methods heat preservation. Here the choice of material should be taken seriously, since one of the most important criteria In addition to thermal conductivity, the product becomes environmentally friendly.

The best material for internal insulation, and in all respects, is extruded polystyrene foam. It has low thermal conductivity, is lightweight, does not allow vapor to pass through and is thin, but alas, it is somewhat more expensive than other materials.

Installation of polystyrene foam is quite simple:

1. A layer of wind protection is laid;
2. The slats are attached and can be installed in a horizontal or vertical position;
3. The interior is filled with extruded polystyrene foam;
4. Usually there is also a vapor barrier, but with this material there is no need for it, so next comes lathing and drywall or any other finishing material.

A few words about waterproofing and vapor barrier

Vapor barrier is a certain film that does not allow moisture to accumulate in the layer with insulation. In this way, the penetration of any vapor from the room into the various layers of insulation and back is blocked. Often used in conjunction with waterproofing.

Waterproofing helps to minimize the phenomenon of dew point. Blocks moisture from entering the insulation, usually used on the outside of the wall.

Useful video

Insulation frame walls By special technology:

Conclusion

Insulation brings comfort and coziness to the house, blocks the occurrence of harmful, destructive phenomena in the structure and at the same time retains heat.

It’s not for nothing that frame houses are often called thermoses, because if built correctly, the building can retain heat even in the cold season for several days. Also, do not forget about ventilation, since air circulation in the room is minimal.

Source: expert-dacha.pro

Nuances of insulating a frame house from the inside

A simple scheme for building a frame house has one weak point. The warmth of a home directly depends on the amount of insulation in the wall frame, outside and inside. Right choice materials, their installation and alternation will ensure warm winters and cool summers. Insulation of a frame wooden house from the inside must be done not only based on the climate in the region, but also on the architecture of the building.

Standard drawings of a frame house involve the construction of a building with several layers of insulation. As a rule, there are 2 of them: a combined one, based on mineral wool, and a thick layer of foam from the outside. However, for some climates, external foam sheathing is virtually useless. To preserve heat, the house is insulated from the inside.

Insulation of a frame house: materials

To provide protection from the cold of a frame building, it is necessary to lay several layers of thermal protection. The main filler for walls is mineral wool, but the range of fillers is presented different types materials. They differ not only in the degree of thermal protection, but also in the type of installation, care, and can affect the design of the entire house.

The better way to insulate a frame wooden house from the inside? This complex issue. To answer, it is better to consider all available options:

• Mineral wool and varieties;
• Sandwich panels;
• Styrofoam.

Mineral wool sheets are a dense product that is placed inside the frame, between the outer and inner walls. Cotton wool takes the shape of the figure in which it is located, and therefore ensures maximum adherence to the walls of the house.

Mineral wool has several varieties: glass wool, basalt stone, slag wool, etc. To insulate a frame house, it is better to choose a material with a density of more than 35-50 kgm3. This way you can avoid its subsidence and the appearance of unnecessary cold bridges.

Sandwich panels combine the qualities of sound insulation and powerful insulation. They are a complex combined insulation system that folds onto the wall like a construction set and immediately provides cross-insulation of the wall. Unfortunately, the cost of sandwich panels is quite high.

Instead of mineral wool, polyurethane foam is sometimes used - a material based on water based, which fills the space well, hardens quickly, and provides a high level of protection from the cold. Working with polyurethane foam is not too difficult - its qualities are similar to polyurethane foam, and therefore applying it to walls, trimming, etc. will not be a problem.

The most common type of external insulation is polystyrene foam. Thick sheets dense material are able to protect the house from the wind and retain up to 5° of heat that can escape through the walls. The polystyrene foam is attached to the external wall using construction adhesive, mushroom nails, and putty mesh. Covering the external wall of the house with foam plastic guarantees the so-called. cross-insulation of a house, where cold bridges (boards, beams) are covered with a layer of insulation.

Another task of foam plastic is to protect the frame from the harmful influences of the environment. Excess moisture, damage to the sheathing, and bacteria can greatly harm your home. Frame repair - very expensive pleasure. Polystyrene foam will protect the frame from most adverse factors. In addition, if damaged outer skin A damaged slab is very easy to repair or replace.

Insulating a house from the inside: good or bad?

Any type of finishing work significantly reduces the overall square footage of the room. In addition, with the outer layer of foam already installed General characteristics the walls will fall noticeably.

How to properly and cheaply insulate a frame house from the inside? This question must be answered before construction begins - at the project development stage. An experienced architect will recommend several solutions to this problem, including foam sheathing or sandwich panels with inside. The designer may resist this, because a thick layer will take up a lot of internal space. The craftsmen also have the right to vote - the installation of insulation must be done in a short time along the entire perimeter of the walls. Because of this, the choice of types and types of insulation is noticeably reduced.

Mineral wool has a heterogeneous composition - the fibers in it are located chaotically. It retains heat well, but efficient work The cotton wool should warm up well. Combination: heated room - min. cotton wool - foam plastic, in practice it works much better than the combination: room - foam plastic - mineral wool.

For effective operation of the insulation, it is necessary to correctly alternate different kinds thermal insulation. A good option would be the following diagram:

Room - double layer min. cotton wool - 5mm layer of polystyrene foam.

This plan suggests installing an effective combined system. Cross-insulation of a wooden frame house from the inside allows you to remove 95% of all cold bridges and reduce heat loss through the walls to a minimum.

Insulation with foam plastic from the inside is a dubious undertaking. Thus, the cotton wool is protected from the heat source and cannot warm up well. This option is only suitable for buildings located in warm latitudes, or residential premises where people live in the summer.

Cross-insulation installation process

Contrary to popular belief, cross-insulation can be created with only one type of material. For a frame house, the standard wall thickness is 150mm mineral insulation- glass wool, slag wool, stone wool (basalt). A frame with a board width of 150 mm is built under the filler.

Another 50mm of additional insulation is added to the wall thickness. An additional frame is built under it from the outside or inside. As a rule, this is a horizontal board 50mm wide (according to the thickness of the filler).

The outer layer of insulation is laid first, the wall is filled “from the street”.

Algorithm for performing the work:

1. Construction of frames and partitions;
2. Completion of an additional frame for the external wall;
3. Filling with 50mm sheets of the outer frame;
4. Installation of VVZ membrane on an external wall (industrial stapler);
5. Laying the inner layer of insulation;
6. Installation of external and internal finishing - strips, wooden lining, corrugated sheets, etc.

This plan can be expanded at the request of the customer or the advice of the foreman. For regions with cold climates, the thickness of the walls can be increased, more a complex system moisture and wind protection, installed additional source heating for the home.

Insulating a frame wooden house inside involves placing thick sheets of thermal insulation over the entire area of ​​the external walls. In this case, on mineral wool stretch a flat vapor barrier film, which is designed to protect the insulation from moisture. An even layer of polystyrene foam 3-10cm thick is glued onto the prepared wall. Afterwards, the surface is covered with putty mesh and leveled with thick wall putty. After this, the wall can be painted, covered with plasterboard, wallpaper glued, etc.

Features of installing insulation on the frame

Visually, the mineral wool does not seem to be pressed against the walls of the frame in any way. Many people believe that the insulation should be attached at least with glue, in order to avoid “falling out” of the frame cells.

A well-executed wall finish is used to hold the wool. Both outside and inside, mineral wool must be covered with a layer of waterproofing, the wall must be finished with a special finish - lining, sheets of plasterboard, corrugated board, etc.

For external wall wall better finishing you need to start with a layer of thick moisture and windproof membrane. A thick, durable film will protect the filler from moisture from the outside, the formation of steam, and “falling out” of sheets from an unfinished wall.

Further cladding: a mesh of thin wooden planks and a thick layer of boards, external lining, corrugated sheets and an additional layer of insulation (foam), less often - decorative stone, brick, etc.

Internal wall decoration involves several layers of wall protection from the microclimate of the room: a layer of waterproofing (film), a heat reflector (foil insulation in rolls), wall finishing.

In terms of wall decoration, it is best to choose a durable material that repels moisture well. Sheets of plasterboard, PVC, MDF, wooden lining, sound insulation + special plasterboard can be installed as the first and only layer of finishing between the filler and the room.

How to insulate an already built frame house from the inside? For this it is better to use:

1. Thin polystyrene foam (will remove cold bridges, but allow the cotton wool to warm up);
2. Sandwich panels (expensive, but effective method heating);
3. Construction of an additional frame for mineral wool.

Any of these options involves major renovation premises - the external finishing must be removed, installation takes place close to the inner layer of filler.

1. When building a large house, it is worth focusing on one type of wall insulation. Use of mineral wool high density on a combined frame (cross-laying) will allow for good insulation of the house. In addition, you can significantly save on the cost of materials;
2. Using one type of insulation will speed up the construction of the house. Combination different types without following the technique for everyone, it can reduce the performance of the house;
3. Placement of filler should occur gradually, without haste. There is no practical benefit to attaching cotton wool to paper clips or glue;
4. Properly made cells in the frame (1-2 cm smaller than the dimensions of the mineral wool sheet) will allow you to create a truly warm wall;
5. Work with any type of filler must be done in special clothing. This is especially true for glass wool - getting dust into the eyes and breathing organs is fraught with serious consequences;
6. When installing foam plastic on external walls frame house, it is worth minimally loading the supports. In addition, when drilling holes for caps, it is worth remembering the characteristics of the wood. In addition, it is necessary to have on hand the exact diagram of the house: the placement of beams and crossbars in order to avoid fastening the foam plastic “on cotton wool”.

Common questions and answers

Q: Are there ready-made house designs that take into account the parameters of interior or exterior finishing with thermal insulation?

A: Yes, they are abundantly present on our website in the appropriate section. If you can’t find a suitable option, adding additional characteristics to the design of a ready-made project is much easier and cheaper than developing it from scratch.

Q: What type of insulation is best for a beginner?

A: If a small building is being constructed, the most profitable option For the amateur builder, cross-laying of mineral wool will be an option.

Internal frame: 150 mm wide (for warm latitudes 120 mm is possible).

External frame (or internal) - 50 mm.

Layering of layers: perpendicular.

Q: How long does it take to install insulation for a house?

A: For a team of 3-5 builders, it will take about 12-20 hours to install insulation in a one-story house.

Speed ​​plays an important role here: weather changes and rain can damage the insulation and cause financial damage to the home owner.

Source: karkasnik-stroy.ru

The right frame wall cake - through the eyes of forum members

Do you need a vapor barrier in a frame, where and how to install it, what is a dew point - how to avoid mistakes and build the right walls, our users tell us.

Warm, comfortable, modern - a frame will be like this, provided that it is built according to all the rules. Particular attention should be paid to the correct pie of the frame wall. Users of forumhouse.ru discuss what a frame wall pie should be like and what materials can be used to replace those already familiar to us.

Let's list the main mistakes that some people make when constructing a frame wall:

• do not take into account the possibility of dew point occurrence;
• do not install vapor barrier material;
• install a vapor barrier on both sides of the insulation;
• do not glue vapor barrier joints;
• do not install wind protection or install it under slab sheathing.

There is only one way to avoid these mistakes: use reliable pie schemes that have been proven over the years.

1. Neglect of vapor barrier and wind protection

Many novice developers do not think about what processes may occur inside the wall. The insulation begins to get wet, and the frame supports become moldy and rot. This occurs due to the fact that vapor barrier and wind protection are not installed, or the sequence of layers of the wall pie is broken.

Wall pie in a frame house:

According to Linkozavr, classic frame wall pie, (from the inside - out) is:

1. Drywall - how base layer for interior decoration.

3. Insulation (mineral wool).

4. OSB. Layers of a frame house

6. Exterior finishing: siding with an air gap on a counter batten, etc.

The layers in a frame house must be arranged exactly this way; this sequence cannot be replaced by another, and each element performs a strictly defined function.

Denis Reznichenko, Moscow(nickname on the forum silent):

– The vapor barrier is installed from the inside, because it limits the flow of moisture into the wall. Wind protection is always installed outside, because... it prevents the wind from blowing the thermal insulation, protects it from precipitation and allows excess moisture go outside.

Pie wall of a frame house.

To understand the need for high-quality vapor barrier, you need to understand the term “dew point”.

Dew point is a condition at which, under the influence of low temperature, water vapor contained in the air begins to condense, forming water droplets.

The appearance of the dew point depends on:

• air temperature (inside and outside the room);
• relative air humidity (indoors and outdoors).

The higher the relative humidity, the higher the dew point temperature.

When moisture condenses, the following occurs:

• the insulation gets wet and loses its thermal insulation properties;
• the wall begins to freeze;
• the frame boards become moldy and rot.

2. Improperly installed vapor barrier

The most common mistake when building a frame frame is an incorrectly installed vapor barrier. Because of this, moisture easily passes into the insulation.

Roracotta:

- The simplest and cheap way– use ordinary high-density polyethylene, at least 200 microns, as a vapor barrier.

You can install a vapor barrier in three steps:

1. Polyethylene is installed with an overlap between the rolls, about 15 centimeters in each direction.

2. Polyethylene is stapled onto the posts, with a step between staples of 30-40 cm.

3. All joints are carefully glued with bitumen resin-based glue. If the joints do not overlap, they must be glued with a special adhesive tape.

Folgoizol can be used as a vapor barrier. This vapor barrier, due to the foil layer, does not allow steam to penetrate into the insulation. All the joints are taped with butyl rubber tape.

Pie of a frame house with OSB outside

The classic frame wall pie involves installing power sheathing - OSB boards on the outside of the house. In addition to this scheme, another is used - the so-called “inverted” frame, where the load-bearing sheathing is oriented towards the inside of the house. Let's see why this option is being made.

The OSB board has low vapor permeability, and the classical scheme violates main principle building a frame structure - the vapor permeability of materials should increase from the inside to the outside.

Dmitry1000:

– In my opinion, even if I make an internal vapor barrier, dew will still fall in the insulation, because... There is a vapor barrier inside the house, and OSB outside, and the moisture that gets into the insulation simply has nowhere to escape.

Let's see if this is actually correct.

Paulspb offers the following calculation:

– Total generation of water vapor in a house with an area of ​​120 square meters. m, with family from three people, will be 6320 g/day. With a ceiling height of a one-story house of 2.8 m, the volume of the house is approximately equal to 336 m3, the amount of “generated” moisture, that is, remaining in the air after ventilation, will be 2670 g, or 7.95 g/m3.

Now let’s imagine that it’s winter outside and -10. At 100% humidity, the air contains 2.37 g/m3 of water. Inside the house there is much more moisture, approximately 10.32 g/m3. This causes steam to move from the inside out through the building envelope.

Paulspb:

– Water vapor will escape through the walls and ceiling, the total area of ​​which is about 240 sq.m.

In this case, 10.9 g of water should pass through 1 square meter of surface per day.

An OSB board 20 mm thick passes 5.39 g of steam per day through 1 sq.m. A 12 mm slab – 8.98 g of steam, a 10 mm slab – 10.8 g.

OSB with a thickness of 9 - 12 mm has low vapor permeability. OSB with a thickness of 18 mm and above is practically vapor-tight.

Since external structures are most often covered with OSB with a thickness of 9 or 12 mm, moisture will gradually escape.

Classical the right pie for the frame.

3. Correct wall frame house: breathable.

You can often hear the expression: “breathing” frame walls, i.e. those that allow steam to pass in both directions and regulate air exchange in the room.

User with nickname Vitla offers this pie (from the inside out):

6. Exterior finishing.

– Strength sheathing must be secured from the inside of the house. Suitable for this purpose: OSB, plywood, fiberboard, or you can replace them with tongue and groove boards. GCR takes excess moisture from the room and, if necessary, releases it back. That is, this type of pie turns out to be “breathable,” which is important for comfortable living in the house.

The correct pie of a frame wall with OSB sheathing

Let's figure out whether such a scheme has the right to life

– There are no “breathing” walls. My advice is to do standard assembly and reliable vapor barrier.

The right frame wall pie
Roracotta:

– Any proper frame needs reliable vapor barrier.

Air exchange in the frame is ensured by ventilation, and not by “breathing” structures!

In addition, power sheathing made of OSB, installed from the inside without additional vapor barrier, allows steam to pass through.

Because OSB is mounted with a small gap between the sheets (3-5 mm), then without additional vapor barrier, moisture-saturated steam will enter the insulation through this gap.

Frame house pie with OSB
When installing OSB from the inside, it is difficult to insulate an open wall in the rain or winter. The slab installed outside additionally connects the floors of the first and second floors, frame posts and acts as a load-bearing element.

4. Pie of a frame house with OSB outside - Western approach

Roracotta:

– In Canada, it is unprofitable to insulate walls by laying fiberglass batt insulation with a thickness of more than 150 mm.

They do this: lay mineral wool 15 cm thick, and outside, on the OSB, attach polystyrene foam 50 - 100 mm thick.

In this way, cold bridges are completely eliminated, and a very warm structure is obtained.

– With such insulation, a special drainage membrane is laid between the OSB and the foam plastic.

You should not use extruded polystyrene foam as additional external insulation. Due to almost zero vapor permeability, EPS traps moisture inside. This can lead to the appearance of a dew point on the inside of such insulation.

Wall design options for a frame house without OSB

In Scandinavian countries, a different version is used, and the pie (outside-in) is as follows:

1. Facade gypsum board or windproof film.

2. Frame posts filled with insulation.

4. GKL on the sheathing.

Porcupine:

– In Finland, in such a frame house pie, the replacement for OSB is basalt wool. A layer of vapor barrier is always included in the design of the cake! Conventional polyethylene film is used throughout.

To summarize, we can say that key element correct frame house– this is a high-quality vapor barrier!

FORUMHOUSE contains all the information on frame house construction. Here you will find a cheat sheet for a beginner frame builder. Find out which companies actually build frame houses in the Moscow region. And about Scandinavian frames: what, how, and why - accessible and clear.

Watch a video about the construction of a frame using Scandinavian technology. And this video talks about the “correct” frame with a second light.

A frame house is a practical, durable and very budget-friendly construction option. It has multiple advantages, especially in the area of ​​ease of design and installation.

Insulation remains an unchanged nuance for a frame house; despite the basic insulation installed in the niches, it is necessary to additionally ensure heat retention.

The material of a frame house is wood or metal, more often they complement each other. Therefore, additional insulation is used either outside or inside.

Insulating walls in a frame house has long ceased to be a luxury; now it is more of a necessity. Since recently frame structures have become increasingly widespread in cold regions of the country, it is worth thinking about warmth and comfort in the house.

Each insulation option deserves its right to exist, since in some situations it shows better results. The advantages and disadvantages of each method should be analyzed point by point.

has a higher heat retention coefficient, thus energy costs will be minimal.

This is due to the fact that there is no need to warm up the walls; most of the air is retained directly in the room. The situation is twofold, since walls can also collapse due to a shift in the dew point. So the moisture from the cold air will be transformed into droplets almost in the room itself.

Comparison of insulation methods

Also, the internal insulation option is easier to install; you can reach the wall using a simple stepladder.

In contrast to this advantage, there is a nuance - this is a decrease in the variety of wall decor, that is, the insulation is less durable and fastening some structures can be difficult. It's logical that the construction of an additional layer on the walls leads to an overall reduction in the area of ​​the house.

When using the method of internal wall insulation, be sure to pay attention to the environmental friendliness of the material.

- this is a more standard and safer way to preserve heat. This type of insulation has the following advantages:

1. The walls are protected from destruction and are less susceptible to weather conditions;
2. Does not take up space in the room;
3. Lower requirements for the environmental component of insulation;

List the main types of insulation and their brief description

Insulation materials are divided according to their properties and method of application, but today the variety of materials is so large that it is very difficult to describe all the options, so only the most popular methods will be discussed.

Comparison of thermal insulation

Stone wool

Stone wool is a material that is used everywhere, it is preferred by many development companies. The popularity of cotton wool is based on easy installation, since no special skills are required and you can get by with improvised tools.

NOTE!

It is used in frame houses that are built with one’s own hands, that is, not of a factory design. Thermal insulation is used to fill the openings between the beams of the frames.

Due to its distribution, cotton wool can be found in almost every major hardware store, and transportation is possible even in your own car. The main requirement for installing wool is its installation density - there should be no gaps.

Stone wool

Styrofoam

- This is a cheaper and moisture-resistant insulation, but it is also quite fragile. Installation of foam plastic is somewhat more difficult and requires some experience in this area. Since the material does not absorb moisture, there is no need for moisture/vapor protective membranes, which reduces the cost of the project.

The performance characteristics of polystyrene foam somewhat repel many people, which is why serious disputes flare up around the material. As negative aspects, they note that the material is not at all environmentally friendly and people complain about a deterioration in their health after insulation.

Styrofoam

Mineral wool

Often used in construction due to its high thermal/sound insulating properties, mineral substances are increasingly gaining popularity in private construction.

Cotton wool has the form of fibers that are several times smaller than hair, and all this is in compressed form. The fiber length is 10-15cm.

Due to the presence of a huge number of air cavities, the material retains heat well, and along with it, sound. Installation of wool is as simple as possible due to the flexibility and elasticity of the blocks, and there is no tendency to deform. There is no risk of fire.

Mineral wool

There are many other types of insulation, such as:

Frame wall insulation pie - what elements does it consist of?

There are several main options for building a frame house, the first is a factory one, when ready-made blocks are initially purchased, it is called frame-panel. Another method is to arrange and assemble the panels on site, essentially by hand.

Both options must contain several important layers, each of which has its own specific function. In fact, there are only 5 main layers:

1. So, naturally, the facade cladding comes first, this also includes the external insulation, so the function is an attractive design and protection from temperature changes;
2. Further windproof membrane protects the house from drafts, removes moisture and thereby retains heat;
3. The frame itself always contains some kind of insulation;
4. A vapor barrier layer protects the insulation from the penetration of water vapor, which in turn ensures the durability of the building;
5. Internal lining. There are no longer any special standards here; you can use internal insulation, a variety of decor and anything that seems appropriate to the owner.

Insulation pie

Layers of vapor barrier and wind protection must be secured using lathing. It is a mesh, usually made of wooden blocks, which fixes the necessary films and internal insulation, preventing deformation of the structure.

Sealing cracks and preparing sheathing

Lathing is vital in insulating a frame house. The reason is that it is simply impossible to attach to mineral wool or any other filler, since they are not able to withstand loads.

Further work requires the presence of sheathing; the material can be either a regular beam or a profile.

The sheathing itself additionally serves to seal the inner layer of insulation and provide additional ventilation.

• Before preparing the sheathing All cracks must be sealed first, which can be formed due to a loose fit of the insulation.
• It is necessary to fill the niches in the frame so that a slight pressure of the insulation is formed on the supports. This is done so that if the beams dry out, gaps do not form due to the filler, otherwise large heat losses are guaranteed.
• Various gaps that cannot be closed using the material simply blown with foam.
• The sheathing itself is done as simply as possible. To install the sheathing, a board measuring 20x90mm is used. The sheathing is attached to wooden strips that secure the insulation. You can fill the timber in absolutely any direction, it depends on the decor you choose.

Frame installation

Installation of sheathing

Proper insulation of the walls of a frame house with mineral wool - in detail and step by step

It is worth noting that mineral wool is a very good material for insulation, but it still has several negative parameters, such as the release of harmful substances, which limits its use indoors.

It is also noted that the material is afraid of moisture and water vapor.

If the mineral wool is saturated by even a few percent, the insulation loses half of its heat-insulating properties.

Now you should highlight several basic steps for insulating walls with your own hands when using mineral wool:

1. First, it is necessary to sheathe the inside of the structure with a vapor barrier material;
2. Then sew up the inside of the frame, this is often done using OSB. In this way, niches are created for further sealing;
3. Usually niches are made to the size of mineral wool, but if necessary, you will have to trim the sheet with a simple knife. It is worth considering that you should cut 5 mm more on each side than was measured, this creates additional protection against possible cracks;
4. Selecting the number of mineral wool sheets. Each is 5 cm thick, the calculation must be made based on the terrain, in normal cases 2 sheets are enough. Sometimes niches are made in several layers that intersect;
5. Now the frame is sheathed on the outside with wind protection;
6. The sheathing goes on top of the insulation.

Installation of mineral wool

Laying insulation

Insulation of frame walls with polystyrene foam - in detail and step by step

Despite the fact that mineral wool is a good material for insulation, it is worth examining the internal methods of preserving heat. Here the choice of material should be taken seriously, since one of the most important criteria, in addition to thermal conductivity, is the environmental friendliness of the product.

The best material for internal insulation, in all respects, is. It has low thermal conductivity, is lightweight, does not allow vapor to pass through and is thin, but alas, it is somewhat more expensive than other materials.

Installation of polystyrene foam is quite simple:

1. A layer of wind protection is laid;
2. The slats are attached and can be installed in a horizontal or vertical position;
3. The interior is filled with extruded polystyrene foam;
4. Usually there is also a vapor barrier, but with this material there is no need for it, so next comes lathing and drywall or any other finishing material.

Laying polystyrene foam

A few words about waterproofing and vapor barrier

Vapor barrier is a certain film that does not allow moisture to accumulate in the layer with insulation. In this way, the penetration of any vapor from the room into the various layers of insulation and back is blocked. Often used in conjunction with waterproofing.

Vapor barrier

Waterproofing helps to minimize the phenomenon of dew point. Blocks moisture from entering the insulation, usually used on the outside of the wall.

Waterproofing

Useful video

Insulation of frame walls using special technology:

Conclusion

Insulation brings comfort and coziness to the house, blocks the occurrence of harmful, destructive phenomena in the structure and at the same time retains heat.

It’s not for nothing that frame houses are often called thermoses, because if built correctly, the building can retain heat even in the cold season for several days. Also, do not forget about ventilation, since air circulation in the room is minimal.

In contact with

Frame houses have become an excellent innovation in our country - inexpensive and quick way construction of individual buildings.

But, despite the large number of advantages, these buildings have one important drawback: these buildings require additional thermal insulation, since the climatic conditions in Russia are very harsh.

Let's consider which insulation is better for a frame house? How to properly produce thermal insulation work, and which insulation is better to use.

Materials for thermal insulation of houses made according to Finnish technology a lot of. Everyone has their shortcomings and positive sides, therefore, in order to understand how to choose insulation for a frame house and apply the optimal thermal insulation option, it is worth examining in detail the most popular thermal insulators on the construction market.

Mineral wool for insulating frame structures

How to properly insulate a frame house with mineral wool? This material is often used not only by construction companies, but also by private developers.

This is understandable - the insulation has excellent sound absorption and retains heat excellently. Mineral wool is environmentally friendly, fire resistant material. An insulating layer of 5 cm is capable of retaining heat as well as brickwork half a meter thick.

The main nuance when installing basalt insulation is the installation of a vapor barrier to protect the material from moisture. The fact is that when mineral wool gets wet, it loses its thermal insulation properties.

If you decide to use this insulation for insulation, then do not spare money on purchasing vapor barrier material and special membranes.

How to insulate with mineral wool

The insulation of the walls of a frame house is carried out using lathing, the cells of which should be spaced 60 cm apart - this is important, since stone wool is produced in a roll of this size. The insulator must be cut so that the wool fits between the bars with force and does not sag.

The thickness of the material is selected based on weather conditions in the region. If the climate is harsh, then it is better to use layers 20 cm thick; in mild climates, 5–10 cm is enough.

With multi-layer insulation, cold bridges may appear; to eliminate them, 5 cm slabs are laid in two layers, in cells. It is worth understanding that the guide bars must have a cross-section of 10x10. The second two layers of material are laid on top of the frame bars.

Insulating a frame house with mineral wool requires a mandatory vapor barrier, but since outer wall Since the building is already equipped with this material, it does not need to be used before installing the insulation.

After laying the insulator, care must be taken to protect the mineral wool from condensation fumes. Vapor barrier material It is sold in rolls, and it will not be possible to lay it in one sheet, so we purchase construction tape to seal the joints.

Floor insulation in a frame house is carried out using the same basalt wool. Only in this case, the insulator layer must be at least 20 cm. The work is carried out as when insulating frame walls.

Ecowool insulation

An environmentally friendly and affordable insulation for frame houses, the production of which uses waste from the production of cellulose products: paper, cardboard. Ecowool consists of 80% fiber and 10% antiseptic, which protects against the development of fungal formations and microorganisms. To make the insulation less flammable, 10% special additives were introduced into its composition.

Ecowool - disadvantages

Private developers very rarely use this material to insulate their buildings. Ecowool has a number of features that some builders consider as disadvantages:

Strictly follow the standards for filling surfaces with insulation recommended by the manufacturer, otherwise during the shrinkage process areas without insulation may form.

Positive characteristics of ecowool

Many may think that such a process as insulating a frame house for winter living using ecowool is impractical, since this material has a lot of disadvantages.

But with strict adherence technological processes application, positive characteristics material are significantly enhanced:

• Low material consumption makes it cost-effective.
• Ecowool has good noise-absorbing properties.
• Most best insulation It is made from natural raw materials, which determines its environmental friendliness and safety for people living in the house.
• The composition gains resistance to combustion thanks to additives, and it is worth studying the composition of the product before purchasing. If the composition contains components such as, boric acid and ammonium sulfate, it is better to abandon its use. These components give ecowool an unpleasant and persistent odor, while the fire resistance of the material practically does not decrease. You should only buy a product that contains borax.
• The material is laid without seams, which is a huge advantage, since there are no cold bridges, and the insulation of a wooden house is high-quality and reliable.

But the decisive factor indicating the importance of using cross-insulation of a frame house from the inside with this material is the inexpensive cost in combination with positive characteristics.

Insulation of a frame house with ecowool - technological process

As is already known, there are two ways to insulate a frame house – “wet” and “dry”. You can simply spray the material on the walls by diluting it with water or glue, then you will get a great result. But most private developers follow a simpler path and use the “dry” method of insulation, which we will consider.

So, we insulate the frame house with our own hands using ecowool according to the following algorithm:

• First of all, we will undertake to insulate the floor in the house, for this a pressed briquette of material weighing 15 kg, you need to loosen it well, you can use it for this a regular drill with a special nozzle. After these steps, the volume of material will increase three times;
• thermal insulation of the floor of a frame house is quite simple - the material is poured onto the rough covering between the beams with a slight excess, which will be pressed down by the weight of the board for finishing;
• Let's move on to the walls. Before insulation begins, a frame is constructed from bars of the required cross-section. A vapor barrier is attached to the racks, a mandatory element when insulating with ecowool. The frame is falling apart OSB sheets so that there is a gap at the top for filling insulation. The material will compact under its own weight as it falls asleep, and the top should be well compacted.

When working on thermal insulation of a frame house with ecowool, it is worth stocking up on protective equipment: gloves, goggles and a respirator. You can significantly optimize the process by renting equipment that loosens the material and blows it out in finished form.

Linen based insulation

Linen has excellent heat-retaining parameters, this is achieved thanks to optimal combination density and porosity of the material.

Linen insulation is produced in several configurations:

• slabs can be used to insulate a frame house from the inside;
• linen strips of laminated veneer lumber construction;
• tow is caulking the walls made of logs.

Due to its high density, this insulator is used for insulation of roofs, floors, partitions and attic floors in which recreation areas are installed.

Thermal insulation made from flax fiber can be considered the most preferable for insulating a house from the inside - it is environmentally friendly, lasts for more than 70 years, does not rot, and mold does not form on it. Unlike ecowool, it is not subject to shrinkage.

Expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam - which is more practical?

Choosing insulation for a frame house is not an easy task; many nuances need to be taken into account. As for such heat insulators as expanded polystyrene and polystyrene foam, both materials are successfully used to insulate a house from the inside and outside.

Foam plastic, of course, is inferior to its counterpart in some positive properties, but it is so cheap that many private developers prefer to use this material for home insulation.

Among the disadvantages are:

• low level of sound insulation;
• when burning, toxins are released;
• the material is susceptible to attacks by rodents.

Thermal insulation of the facade with foam plastic

• Insulating a frame house from the outside begins with preparing the surface, which needs to be leveled, cracks repaired, and primed with deep penetration impregnation.
• After the facade has dried, you need to install direct hangers on it, which will prevent the slabs from moving off the surface; they will be securely fixed.
• Five points of glue are applied to the foam, the edges are coated around the perimeter.
• The slab with glue is pressed tightly to the surface, working from corner to corner.
• The second row of foam boards is laid in a checkerboard pattern.

The glue composition is prepared in such a way that it can be produced in an hour.

Inconsistencies in the material are adjusted with a heated knife; when gaps form, they are sealed with the following compounds:

• crushed foam is added to the glue;
• fill with penoizol;
• apply polyurethane foam.

For structural strength, the heat insulator should be attached to the surface with plastic dowels, 5 pieces each. on the stove. After this, you can apply any facing material.

Thermal insulation of a frame structure from the inside

The insulation scheme for a frame house from the room side is similar to the previous version. The only difference is in the soil used - you need a composition for interior work with antiseptic properties.

When using an insulating insulator on the inside, simple tile adhesive is used as an adhesive along with dowels.

The installed foam plastic slabs are covered with overlapping reinforcing mesh if the surface is to be puttyed, but plasterboard is often used for wall cladding. This method of thermal insulation is much simpler than insulating a frame house using ecowool.

Penoplex

Don’t know what is the best way to insulate a frame house? Buy penoplex - an analogue of polystyrene foam, only with a denser structure, which is why it costs a little more. It is also worth noting that this material is much more demanding during installation - you need to protect it from moisture and sunlight.

In custody

We built a frame house - insulation can be done either independently or with the help of a team of specialists. Is the building located in a harsh climate? Apply cross insulation, and we described in detail above how to choose an insulator and how to properly insulate a frame house.

Frame houses differ from others in the design of their external walls. There is no basic building material like brick or wooden houses, and thermal insulation does not apply as a second layer using the hinged or wet facade. And insulating a frame house with mineral wool can be considered as an on-site assembly of a sandwich panel with insulation in the middle and thin-sheet sheathing.

Features of insulation of a frame house

The insulation of any building must be comprehensive - from the foundation to the roof. Frame houses are no exception.

Only A complex approach to insulation will give a real effect

These are lightweight houses that do not require a strong foundation, and if the project does not include a basement or ground floor, then in most cases they install pile foundation. And in order to reduce heat loss through it, an insulated enclosure (basement) is installed.

Typically, insulation of the floor of a frame house takes place according to traditional scheme, in which the load-bearing elements are wooden beams ceilings and logs, and mineral wool is installed between them. To prevent the insulation from “falling out”, it is held from below by a sheet of boards (as an alternative, a mesh is used). A subfloor is laid on top as a base for the finishing coating.

Insulation of frame walls with mineral wool occurs according to the following scheme: it is laid between the racks and spacers that cover sheet materials or a board. The cross-section of the timber for the racks determines the thickness of the mineral wool layer, but this condition is not the main one when choosing the size of the load-bearing elements. To strengthen the walls of a frame house, especially a one-story one, a rack with a cross section of 50x150 mm is sufficient. For southern regions with “mild” winters, this thickness of mineral wool is quite enough. But for other regions it is not enough.

Scheme of a frame wall with timber 150 mm high

The use of timber with a height of 200 mm is often excessive in terms of the load-bearing properties of the frame, and in such cases it is more economical to perform additional external insulation.

Important! What thickness of layers of mineral wool is needed to insulate a house can only be shown by a calculation carried out on the basis of the current standard, taking into account the characteristics of the region and the properties of all enclosing surfaces

The insulation of the roof depends on the nature of the use of the attic space. Non-residential, or “cold”, attics are insulated only along the ceiling. For attics and used attics in which they install engineering equipment(for example, hydraulic accumulators, ventilation and cooling systems), the roof itself is insulated.

From the point of view of thermal engineering, the walls of a frame house are single-layer. In order for them to become three-layer (structural material/insulation/structural material), the thickness of the outer layers of the enclosing surface must be more than 50 mm with a ratio of at least 1/1.25 to the thickness of the insulation (clause 8.11 SP 23-101-2004) . But in reality, the structure of the walls of a frame house contains 5 main layers, not counting the finishing of the facade and interior. A vapor barrier film (from the room side) and a waterproofing membrane (from the street side) are laid between the sheathing and the thermal insulation. And this arrangement is dictated by the properties of mineral wool.

Thanks to this property, it is even used in fireproof structures - doors and partitions.

For wooden structures this quality is important, therefore mineral wool is the main type of thermal insulation for floors on joists, pitched roofs and walls of frame houses. Although mineral wool “loses” in terms of thermal insulation properties to foam plastic (expanded polystyrene) and penoplex (extruded polystyrene foam).

The main disadvantage of mineral wool is its ability to absorb water. The fiber itself does not get wet, but the structure of the material contributes to this. And when wet, the thermal insulation properties of the material are lost and conditions for rotting appear. wooden structure. To compensate for this disadvantage, two additional layers are used:

• to prevent the penetration of water vapor from warm air from inside the heated room - vapor barrier;
• to protect against water ingress from the façade and weathering excess moisture- waterproofing membranes.

What kind of mineral wool is used to insulate a frame house?

The term "mineral" covers three different materials: glass wool, slag wool and stone wool. For insulation of residential buildings, including frame ones, the latter option is used.

Glass wool is fragile, and during installation it creates a fine “dust” of broken fibers, which poses a danger not only to workers, but also to residents. Slag wool has low environmental qualities.

Mineral wool for a frame house can have different densities depending on the type of insulated surface and the insulation method.

The range of mineral wool is so wide that it can be used to insulate any enclosing surfaces and structures

Important! Stone wool is a special material. Its thermal conductivity does not directly depend on density - the structure and production technology are important. Therefore, rigid boards or mats may have higher thermal insulation properties than soft rolled materials.

Based on the type of enclosing surface, the following types of materials are used:

• rigid slabs - concrete floor on the ground, reinforced concrete floor on strip foundation above the basement or ground floor(for styling floor tiles);
• semi-rigid slabs and mats - frame walls, attic or roof of a used attic;
• mats and rolls - wooden floors on joists and ceilings.

Note. When choosing the density of mineral wool for the walls of a frame house, there are certain restrictions. For “internal” insulation, materials with a density of 35-50 kg/m 3 are recommended, for external insulation (using ventilated facade technology) - at least 80-90 kg/m 3 . There are no such restrictions for wooden floors and ceilings; mineral wool of any density can be used, and the main criterion is how much such insulation costs.

Description of the insulation process

When insulating different types of enclosing surfaces of a frame house with mineral wool, their own insulation scheme is used. But just like for frame walls, one thing applies general rule- vapor barrier of insulation is carried out from the side of the heated room.

The vapor barrier is laid in a continuous layer without “gaps” between the insulated surfaces

Floor slab above basement

In the case when the frame house project includes a basement, a strip foundation is used as the foundation.

Standard scheme insulation concrete floor first floor with mineral wool for laying floor tiles looks like this:

1. Level the surface of the slab using a screed.
2. Lay a waterproofing layer.
3. Rigid slabs of mineral wool (density from 150 kg/m3) are laid.
4. Cover the insulation with a continuous layer of vapor barrier film.
5. A cement-sand screed is poured as a subfloor.
6. Install the floor covering.

Note. To lay parquet, sheets of moisture-resistant plywood are additionally attached over the screed.

Insulated concrete floors on the ground have a similar structure.

Scheme of insulation of a concrete floor on the ground

When installing a wooden subfloor, the insulation scheme looks like this:

1. Overlap.
2. Waterproofing.
3. Lags.
4. Mineral wool between joists.
5. Vapor barrier.
6. Boards or plywood as a base for the finishing coating.

Wooden floor of the first floor

The traditional wooden floor plan looks like this:

1. Load-bearing floor beams resting on the foundation (beam bottom trim on the grillage or base of the strip base).
2. Additional logs and crossbars, which are installed taking into account the area of ​​the room and the thickness of the subfloor boards.
3. Skull bars fixed at the bottom of beams, joists and cross members.
4. Board sheathing to support the waterproofing of the insulation.
5. Waterproofing membrane.
6. Mineral wool laid between the ceiling elements.
7. Vapor barrier.
8. Rough floor.

If the height of the subfloor allows you to install the sheathing from below, then you can do without cranial block

Note. There are other insulation schemes. For example, they use a mesh that allows you to fully use the entire volume of the ceiling for insulation. Or installing an additional counter-lattice and another layer of floor insulation for frame houses in regions with cold winters.

Insulation of the facade of a frame house

External insulation of the walls of a frame house with mineral wool is usually carried out according to the ventilated facade scheme:

1. Install the sheathing for laying the insulation. The height of the cross-section of the beam must correspond to the thickness of the mineral wool; the layout step is chosen 5 cm less than its width.
2. Mineral wool mats are laid and fixed to the sheathing.
3. A layer of waterproofing windproof membrane is attached.
4. Install the counter-lattice. The height of the bar must be at least 6 cm (SNiP requirements for the size of the ventilated gap).
5. The walls are covered with façade panels.

One of the options for a double layer of thermal insulation - internal (between the racks) and external (along the sheathing)

Insulating a cold attic

In this case, it is not the roof that is insulated, but wooden floor. And the vapor barrier is laid in such a way as to protect not only the mineral wool, but also the wooden beams from getting wet. The classic scheme looks like this:

1. A suspended ceiling is mounted along the floor beams, to which a vapor barrier is attached underneath in a continuous layer. These can be either anti-condensation or reflective vapor-proof materials.
2. Mineral wool is laid between the beams, on the attic side, on the false ceiling.
3. A waterproofing membrane is attached to the beams.

Note. According to the standards, waterproofing of the insulation of a cold attic is recommended only along the perimeter with a width of at least 1 m.

1. If the thickness of the insulation occupies the entire “internal” volume of the floor, then spacer slats are mounted on top of the beams to create a ventilated gap.
2. The floor is mounted on beams (or spacer slats).

Roof insulation

Thermal insulation of the roof can take place according to two main schemes:

• With one ventilated gap between the waterproofing and the roof. A superdiffusion membrane is used, which is laid directly on top of the insulation.
• With two ventilated gaps. The first is between the insulation and waterproofing film, the second - between the film and the roof. Applicable to metal roofing when used waterproofing materials with limited vapor permeability.

Standard scheme of an insulated roof with waterproofing membrane and one ventilated gap

The structure of the insulated roof from the attic (attic) side looks like this:

1. Internal lining secured to sheathing.
2. Vapor barrier.
3. Insulation placed between the rafter legs.
4. Waterproofing fixed to the rafters (one ventilated gap) or to the spacer batten (two ventilated gaps).
5. Lathing for roof installation.