A veranda attached to the house allows you to expand the living area, get a place for a comfortable stay. Closed (glazed), it also reduces heat loss at home. The best part is that you can do it yourself. Moreover, there are options that require substantial costs, there are inexpensive ones. There are many varieties, both in structure and in the materials used, you can arrange in any style.
What are
According to the method of construction, the veranda attached to the house can be closed - with glazing - or open. The open ones are used mainly in the warm season, the closed ones can serve as a place for recreation all year round. The veranda attached to the house can be of two types at once: part can be glazed (closed), part - open.
There are also passageways - this is when, in order to get into the house, you pass through it. Such extensions are located from the front of the house, sometimes from the side of the yard, if there are two exits from the house. Entrance to impassable only from home. It is impossible to get outside from such a veranda.
An extension can cover one, two or more sides of the house. If it covers two adjacent parts of the house, it is called a corner. Some of them occupy only part of the wall.
The forms are different. More often it is a rectangle, less often - a hexagon, a semicircle, other non-standard shapes (it is more difficult to build such). In short, these are all types of verandas attached to the house, but without taking into account the materials.
The perimeter extension gives the house an extravagant look
What materials are they made of
Most often, wooden verandas are made in our area. It is easier to work with wood, and it is not as expensive as in other countries. In areas where wood is very expensive, structural elements are made of metal, and the cladding is selected to your liking. It can be glass (double-glazed windows), polycarbonate.
They build the walls of the veranda from bricks, shell rock, rubble stone, building blocks. Just like a house, they are then finished or not, depending on the design of the main building. They can simply make a fence, as in the photo above.
If the tree is expensive, or is reluctant to regularly tinker with its processing, the veranda frame is assembled from metal. For this, a profile pipe, corners or channel bars are most often used - it depends on the material and size of the extension. It is easier to attach glass packs to metal, you can use polycarbonate instead of glazing. This material can be of different colors and different degrees of transparency. Despite the apparent fragility, there is a fairly durable material that is used for the construction of greenhouses. And if so, then in the veranda, if it is closed, it will keep warm well.
Veranda attached to the house: stages of construction
First of all, you need to decide on the type - open / closed, from what material, choose the type of foundation. You also need to decide what size it will have, where and how it will be located. It is desirable to draw all this on the plan. Better yet, order a project. Construction according to the project is rather an exception, but at least a plan with dimensions and an indication of the location, binding to paths, etc. you should have.
The construction of a veranda to the house with your own hands goes according to the following plan (we build from wood):
- Use pegs and twine to mark out the contours.
- Remove the sod and fertile layer. If this is not done, vegetation under the decking will rot, spreading odors.
- Mark the foundation. At this stage, questions may arise: how high should it be. If the foundation is made incoherent and "floating", the level of the veranda flooring should be 5-10 cm below the floor level. This is necessary so that, even after rising, the extension does not block the front door. If you do not want the floor to be lower, you will have to make a high threshold in the front door: to guarantee the freedom of opening the door. The height of the support bar depends on the height at which the floor of the extension is located. It is nailed to the wall of the house, floor beams are attached to it. The height of the foundation is beaten off along its lower edge (these are the next two steps).
- You nail a support bar to the wall, along the lower edge of which the height of the foundation beats off.
How to mark the extension: nail the support bar at the required level, beat off the height of the foundation along its lower edge
- Build a foundation.
- While the concrete is gaining at least half the strength, you are completing the site preparation. If at the bottom of the pit (the fertile layer was removed) the soil passes water well (sandy, sandy loam), you pour crushed stone at the bottom. It can be compacted, or you can do without it. If there is loam or clay under the fertile layer, you will have to fill the pit with either the same soil (but not fertile) or clean clay. It must be well tamped so that voids are not created in which water will accumulate (it is better to lay layers soaked to the state of a paste).
- A layer of waterproofing is laid on the finished foundation.
- Support pillars are exposed and fixed under the roof.
- They make the strapping of the racks: a beam with a thickness of 100 * 150 mm is nailed along the perimeter. It can be nailed on the outside of the posts or between them. Sometimes the racks are nailed down after the floor has been laid. This is not the best option: the floor will deteriorate most quickly. With such a structure, in order to replace it, you will have to disassemble everything, up to the roof. If you first set up the racks, and then the floor, it can be repaired without problems.
This is how the assembled frame of the veranda, attached to the house, looks like. Intermediate racks are only needed if the veranda is more than 3 meters wide.
- Floor beams are attached to the foundation and support bar (bar 100 * 150 mm). The step of their installation corresponds to the step of installing piles or posts.
- Collect the rafter system.
- Side rails (for open ones) or walls (for glazed ones) are installed. At this point, the general technology ends. Further, for covered ones, it is longer, an open veranda is easier to attach to the house:
- For open beams, floor boards are nailed.
- Insulated floors are made for glazed ones. A rough floor is nailed to the beams. Above - logs, between them - insulation, on top - a finished floor.
- Roofing.
- Wall decoration inside and outside.
These are just general steps. In order to have a more complete idea of how to make a veranda to the house, then we will consider the most problematic aspects of construction in more detail.
Perhaps you are interested in building a gazebo?
Foundation
If the veranda is attached to the house, the foundations are very rarely made coherent. Firstly, the house has already settled down, the shrinkage has passed. If a "fresh" building is rigidly attached to it, problems will inevitably arise. If it is possible to tie them, then only on stable, reliable soils, on which there is no movement. Secondly, heavy foundations are rarely made for extensions of this type. The building itself turns out to be light - especially open from wood or frame - and the bearing capacity is or is sufficient.
In general, verandas are placed on the same foundations as at home. Another thing is that most of them are on columnar bases: the costs are small, it takes little time. And although all architects and designers argue that it is much more difficult to put the correct columnar foundation than (though the belt one is much more expensive), the people are putting up the columns.
Column and pile foundation
If you decide to attach a veranda to a wooden house, you can put a columnar foundation. To do it yourself, you need to find out at what depth and at what distance the supports are placed. The distance between the posts depends on the material from which the extension will be built. If these are light materials - wood or light frame construction - you can put them in 1.5 meter increments. For heavier ones, the distance should be from 1 meter.
Columnar foundation for the veranda - the pillars are made of bricks. This open veranda is attached to a wooden house. The house stands on a strip foundation. The foundations of the extension and the house are not connected
When choosing the depth of the posts, there are two approaches:
- Bury yourself below the freezing depth of the soil. This is done on water-saturated soils, prone to heaving. In this case, the veranda will stand at the same level, without changing its position, regardless of the heaving forces. For a columnar foundation, this makes sense only if the freezing depth is not more than 1.2 meters. At greater depths, it is easier to make a pile foundation (better -). Pile wells are not very difficult to make, even if you need to drill 2 meters. For the arrangement of posts for each of them, digging a foundation pit of the same depth is difficult and time-consuming.
- Make a shallow foundation: 20-30 cm below the fertile layer. In this case, you will get a floating veranda that will be understood and lowered in frosty heaving. It is much easier to build such a structure, but every spring you have to deal with the consequences of heaving. Different pillars will "walk" in different ways and will have to somehow rectify the situation. But this is on heaving soils (clay, loam). On stable soils that are not prone to heaving, there will be no such problems.
What is good about this option for the foundation for the veranda to the house? It is built quickly, the cost of work and building materials is small.
The veranda is attached to a brick house on a strip foundation. We put it on. It differs from the columnar one in that the piles are either screwed in / driven in ready-made, or poured into the formwork and obtained monolithic
Disadvantages: It is difficult to predict his behavior. Moreover, both deep and shallow. With shallow ground, everything depends on winter and the degree of saturation of the soil with water, which is impossible to foresee and calculate. With deep laying, there is also a problem: it is not known what is under each of the piles. After all, a geological survey at all points cannot be done. And in those areas where the soil has a complex layered structure, it is quite possible to get into some kind of pocket, because of which the pile will not behave as expected. Also, in the case of piles or deeply buried posts, it is necessary to remember about the lateral heaving forces. They can easily break long and thin piles or pillars. Therefore, on problem soils for piles, they take strong formwork (metal, asbestos) and they are also reinforced: when making pillars, a steel pipe covered with a primer is inserted inside, around which the masonry is led. Laying of reinforcing belts is also possible. In the manufacture of bored piles, three or four reinforcement rods must be inserted inside, which add strength to them. It can be quick and inexpensive to attach a veranda with your own hands on a pile foundation, but the risks on heaving soils are great.
Monolithic: tape and slab
If you are going to build a veranda from brick, rubble or other similar heavy materials, and even with heavy cladding, you need a monolithic foundation. You will have to either pour tape or make a plate. They are made according to all the rules without any exceptions: with formwork, reinforcement, vibration, etc. Completely by technology.
When building such a foundation, it can already be associated with the main one: you will have to make it to the same depth and, most likely, it will behave stably.
Advantages: high reliability and stability. Disadvantages: significant cost and duration of the construction process.
Bedding
If the house is located on dry grounds or in a region where frost heaving is just a terrible fairy tale, if it does not have a basement, a veranda attached to the house can do without a foundation. In this case, the fertile layer is removed along with the vegetation, the bottom of the pit is rammed, then crushed stone is poured, rammed, then sand, which is also compacted. On this base, you can already lay the flooring: wood, paving slabs or slabs.
The veranda attached to the house can be without a foundation
One "but" of the pillars, on which the roof will rest, still needs to be strengthened in some way. For them, small piles are made or columns are folded (approximately from the same depth where the laying of crushed stone under the flooring began).
What is the thickness of the backfill? Depends, firstly, on the thickness of the fertile layer, and secondly, on the choice of flooring. If these are wooden boards (like in the photo), you need to select the layers so that they are flush with the ground. If you plan to install paving slabs, you will have to consider the thickness. Although, it can be slightly raised above the ground level to separate it from the yard. But then a border is placed along the edge.
In this photo, an open veranda is attached to the house without a foundation - it is rather a summer canopy with a polycarbonate roof and an open wooden fence
How to attach the rack and bottom rail
Work on the construction of the veranda frame begins after the foundation concrete (if used) has gained some of its strength. Enough 50% of the calculated, and this at a temperature of + 20 ° C, will happen in 4-5 days. Then, on top of the concrete, in those places where the racks or strapping will be attached, waterproofing is laid in two layers. It can be roofing material, roofing felt, folded in two. You can smear it twice with bituminous mastic or use other modern materials.
Then there are two ways:
- fix the racks and then the strapping;
- first strapping, racks to them.
If the first option is selected, special holders are inserted into the foundation during pouring for the racks. These can be different devices (see photo), but the most convenient is a metal plate in the form of an inverted letter "P", to the bottom of which a hairpin is welded, which is walled into the foundation. A rack is inserted into this plate (the end must be treated with an antiseptic), its level is checked, and fixed with bolts or nails.
How to attach racks to the foundation
After all the racks are exposed and secured, the harness beams are nailed between them.
In the second option, the situation is different: the racks will have to be attached to the harness. The strapping bar is attached first. It is more convenient to do this if studs are embedded in the concrete with some step. Then holes are made in the timber in the right places, it is put on the studs and fixed with bolts. Then, one of the methods suggested in the photo is to install the racks.
Options for attaching the racks to the strapping bar
Any of these methods does not preclude the use of metal corners. They make the mount more reliable, which is very important in this case. After all, the racks will hold the roof, and walls or a fence.
Fastening the lag to the harness
They can be fastened on top of the strapping, or at the same level with its upper edge. It is necessary to decide exactly how you will do this at the very beginning of the work: it will depend on what level it will be necessary to fasten the support burs to the wall of the house (the height of the lag is taken into account or not). The methods for fixing the floor log are shown in the photo below.
How to attach the floor joists to the harness
Veranda roof abutment
The veranda attached to the house is usually covered with the same type of roofing as the scrap. There may be several options, and the organization of the roof junction depends on how and to which wall you attach it. If the roof is going to be a continuation of the roof slope of the house, you need to splice two rafter systems. In this case, the roof of the veranda is said to be adjacent to the roof of the house.
Then the procedure is as follows:
- The upper straps are attached to the racks of the veranda.
- Transverse ceiling beams are nailed to the harness. The ceiling is then hemmed to them.
- The long rafter legs of the house are shortened. They should not protrude beyond the wall.
- Veranda rafters are made of planed boards, which are cut off at an angle from the side of the roof so that they adjoin the existing ones (see the photo below). To make it easier to work, you can make a template, according to which you can then prepare the rafters on the ground. The rafter legs are attached to the house system with nails through and through, you can put metal reinforcing plates on the side.
- To increase the rigidity of the structure, spacers (anti-snow supports) are installed between the rafters of the house and the extension. They are shown in the photo explaining the design.
If the width of the veranda is more than 2 meters or heavy roofing material will be used, spacers are installed so that the support beam does not sag. It is better not to nail them from the side, but to insert a spur between the ceiling beam and the rafter leg.
In order to eliminate the sagging of the roof, spacers are installed between the ceiling beams and the rafters.
More often it turns out that the roof of the veranda attached to the house is adjacent to the wall. In this case, a strobe is made in the wall, a special wall profile is placed in it, which is placed on the roof covering with the second side. The place of its abutment to the wall is sealed with a sealant.
The second option differs only in the shape of the wall profile: it can be made independently from a sheet of roofing iron. This design is distinguished by the presence of a bar, which allows you to move the bend away from the wall of the house and cover possible errors when laying the roofing material at the junction. Also, in this version, the apron is not attached directly to the wall material, but to a beam with a beveled edge, mounted in the strobe.
The second option for joining the roof of the extension to the wall of the house
Some questions may arise on how to attach the rafters to the outer upper strapping, because its dimensions do not allow making cuts, like on a Mauerlat. The solution is usual: with the help of corners (see photo). Instead of corners, you can use small section bars.
Maybe not the most elegant solution, but reliable. After everything is covered with a roofing from above, the lining will be removed from below, they will not be visible.
The simplest structure near a country house or at the cottage of an additional comfortable space - a minimum of work, and a maximum of pleasure. This is a veranda, patio, covered area by the barbecue or an outdoor terrace. Here, in any weather, you can enjoy lunch and dinner outdoors with your family or with welcome guests. Or chat online with friends after dinner, inhaling the aromas of a blossoming garden over a cup of mint tea and berry pie. But it is better to read a book in solitude during the heat of the afternoon or in rainy weather and indulge in pleasant memories and dreams under the measured swing of a sofa swing. But you never know what you can do in the most pleasant part of the garden - at the junction of wildlife and urban landscaping with garden furniture and sofa cushions ?!
Choosing a terrace format
No matter how beautiful a new house in the country is, without garden paths, flower beds, a porch and a well-thought-out outdoor terrace, it looks unfinished. And in the summer, no matter how comfortable it is in the house, I want to take out an armchair and a table so that the whole family can eat outdoors. And it is better when the rain does not fall behind the neck, and the sun does not blind. A veranda and a terrace, a covered area for a barbecue, a gazebo, a patio and a covered gallery, a shady arcade with grapes or climbing rose bushes ... All these are close concepts, although each structure has its own characteristics. But we will not go into details and differences, although it is worth telling in more detail about open terraces, photo:
1. An open summer terrace - the simplest building in the form of a canopy on one side of the house, used in the warm season. At the base it has a landscaped area, and can be with or without a fence, on a foundation or paved with paving slabs, with piers between the bases for floors or decorative ornaments with carving or forging.
2. The closed summer cottage terrace is used all year round, therefore it involves a wall and insulation. Usually this is a more solid building with waterproofing and foundation, which should be built according to the project, preferably simultaneously with the construction of the house. It looks more like a lightweight extension at the entrance to the house, that is, another opportunity to increase the living space. A mid-sized room includes heating and lighting, air conditioning and ventilation, as well as stationary furniture that cannot be taken out into the garden. Often there is a winter garden or early seedlings germinate there, and if full heating is provided, then the family rests there in the winter. Such a structure also acts as an additional thermal buffer between the house and the outside in cold climates.
3. Another type is a universal open terrace to the house, for example, with frameless glazing, which is as open as possible in the summer and closed and insulated in the cold season. Sometimes it is advisable to put ready-made double-glazed windows and doors in ready-made window openings or niches for the winter, which are removed in the summer. The closed room is heated for the duration of the visit by the owners of the summer cottage with effective electric heaters, and if it is not needed, the heating is not used. This is convenient when the suburban household is visited periodically, and the general heating is designed only for the residential part of the house. Such a terrace is designed initially according to the needs of the owners, so that seasonal transformations are possible.
Attention: It makes no sense to plan the costly construction of a heated covered terrace if the summer cottage is used only in the summer season. If it is a country house or a cottage where it is not supposed to live all year round, a simple shed or an open terrace is enough. And when visiting a private household every weekend, it is better to use the 3rd option.
Tip: It is not necessary that an open terrace in the country house be built close to one of the walls. This can be a landscaped area between two auxiliary buildings, for example, a bathhouse and a garage, where instead of a roof there are grapes.
One wall of an intermediate platform with a full-fledged roof without climbing plants is best made of translucent material to limit drafts. Or you can build an open terrace near the barbecue in a remote part of the garden, where it is convenient to relax with your family in the evenings.
If you have already understood what type of terrace you need, then it is important to decide on the area of the building. Do not make it too large if there is not enough space in the yard or on the site. In addition, this will require a lot of building materials, even if it is the simplest foundation and planed boards. An example is an open terrace to the house, photo:
A terrace or a veranda is a decoration of a courtyard, so there is no point in saving on construction, thanks to waste materials at hand and the use of low-quality "humpbacked" wood. It is better to soundly make a small platform without a foundation, in the form of a simplified design, and then decorate with carved semi-walls or neat wooden sides.
Advice: Any construction is done once and for a long time, therefore, if there is a lack of high-quality building materials, it is better to complete part of the work in stages, and when new financial resources arrive, complete the spectacular building. For example, an open terrace in the country, photo:
If an open extension is made near a large house on a grand scale, then it is important to take into account the style and general landscape design of the site. Everything should be in harmony with the appearance of the estate. It makes no sense to "boggle" a terrace more luxurious than a small country house, although the modest porch of a luxurious house also looks somewhat "scanty". The unified architectural ensemble creates a magnificent impression.
You can also make a patio patio with a pool, which is different from the terrace - it is more anchored to the house and raised above ground level. Sometimes an outdoor terrace is a modified or extended porch with steps and railings. And the ennobled area in the courtyard of the house is sometimes zoned with a hedge, laid out with paving slabs and made a crate instead of a roof for climbing plants - also the simplest option for garden furniture.
Tip: Until your site has a full roof during construction, use an awning or parasol using the unfinished terrace for its intended purpose.
Can you make an outdoor terrace yourself?
There is nothing easier than the construction of the simplest summer cottage buildings, such as do-it-yourself outdoor terraces. The main stages of work:
- allocate space for a building site for a terrace;
- draw an approximate sketch or draw up a project of a structure with an indication of the dimensions;
- remove all objects, debris and debris;
- make markup for a project or drawing;
- we prepare a place for the foundation and make it;
- we lay beams and logs under the flooring;
- along the perimeter of the foundation, we strengthen the load-bearing supports of the structure;
- we make the basis for the roof or visor;
- lay out the walls between the supports;
- we complete the finishing or cladding, leaving room for window openings, if this is a warmed option;
- we complete the construction of the roof in accordance with the general idea;
- is engaged in interior decoration and arrangement.
Tip: Whichever version of the proposed illustrations you liked, it is important to adjust it to suit your conditions. The construction of the terrace should be functional and practical, adapted to your site and home, and also take into account the lifestyle of the owners and the seasonality of the use of the building.
We will discuss the choice of a place for the construction of a terrace and its shape
The optimal place for an open terrace is a combination of the functions of a porch or veranda, that is, at the entrance to the house. Sometimes a large country house is supposed to have 2-3 doorways, then it is most convenient to make an exit from the kitchen or hallway leading to the living room. It happens that there is nowhere to do the terrace downstairs, since everything is already paved to the garage. Alternatively, there is an open terrace on the second floor, like an extensive balcony with a canopy. It is convenient to do this if the living room is located in the same place, next to the bedrooms.
Most often, the construction of an open terrace is done instead of a porch, and this is reasonable, especially at the main entrance. Even if there is no separate exit under a covered canopy that serves as a terrace, it can be made from the side of the kitchen so that food and drinks can be served through the window. Then it is desirable that the window has a wide window sill on both sides, like a table top.
Attention: In winter, snow will fall on the terrace and roll off the roof, so a light tarpaulin awning or a weak structure may not withstand the load!
When a landscaped area on a small courtyard is constructed arbitrarily, without being tied to windows and doors, they always take into account:
- in what climatic zone the dacha;
- where and how sunlight falls to shade;
- are there drafts and strong winds to close the wall;
- are there prolonged torrential rains in the summer;
- whether there is enough lighting or a lot of shade from garden vegetation;
- is it possible to organize artificial lighting in the evening, especially if the family stays for a long time at dinner in the evenings.
Tip: In cold climates, a terrace is built on the south side of the summer cottage, and in hot climates - on the north wall. Climbing plants create additional shadow. If there is little light, then the roof or visor is made transparent - glass, polycarbonate, plexiglass.
It is also important what kind of view will open from the terrace, because you want the garden ensemble to please the eye. If there is a need to hide the family from prying eyes, then it is better to relax in the patio. For those who want to impress their neighbors with landscape design and the beauty of home ownership, you can make an open terrace at the entrance to the courtyard. When no one can see anything behind a high fence, except for periodically invited guests, the location of the equipped area is not important, it would be convenient for the owners.
The shape of the terrace does not have to be rectangular, the semicircular platform or in the form of a polyhedron looks original. However, such an arrangement of an open terrace will require much more building materials, the amount of sawn timber waste will increase, and there is a need for additional finishing. The same can be said for the roof configuration. And don't forget the roof drain!
Do you need a terrace project?
Before making an open terrace in the country, they usually make a project. This can be a simple drawing or a sketch with all dimensions for a simple canopy structure against a wall. If this is an integral architectural ensemble of a country estate, then the design should be done by a specialist.
Everyone knows that any quality work begins with a well-thought-out plan and cost estimate, down to the smallest detail. Then a common foundation is made for the house and the terrace, you can combine the structure under a common roof.
If the terrace is built later, it is still preferable to complete it from common roofing materials. At the same time, it is important how it will be "sewn" to the main structure through reinforcement, and sometimes it is made as an autonomous covered structure. Thorough study of all details during design reduces construction time and minimizes unaccounted for factors that have to be eliminated along the way.
A light covered terrace is not a capital structure, so it can be without a foundation and tie to the house. All these points are important to take into account in the project, thanks to which it is easier to calculate the construction costs. And the more competently it is drawn up, the clearer the stages of building a covered area and the consumption of materials.
If the project is done by an architect, he takes into account:
- soil features;
- climatic conditions;
- intensity of precipitation;
- load on the foundation;
- dimensions and overall dimensions;
- type of supporting structure;
- roof configuration and slope angle;
- type of terrace glazing;
- ladder structure;
- decorative trim.
Building materials for outdoor structures are selected that are resistant to moisture and fire. It is better to take wood with antiseptic impregnation and fungicides, with fire-prevention treatment. It is also an ideal material for the construction of structural supports, its decoration and flooring. The bricks for the walls are lightweight (hollow inside).
It is undesirable to make thick walls in order to minimize the shrinkage of the building. Lightweight foam concrete blocks are ideal for insulated "winter" terraces. You can also use composite materials and homemade adobe bricks, if appropriate for the design of the suburban structure. Waterproofing is required between the foundation, concrete structure and flooring.
Any terrace project should be as economical and thoughtful as possible, taking into account the expected furniture and free space. If there are only a sofa swing and a couple of chairs at a folding table or console, then 2-3 meters wide will be enough. In the event that a whole set of upholstered rattan garden furniture with soft pillows, a full table and chairs for 6 (or more) persons are displayed on the terrace, the area of the covered building can be increased to 5-6 meters from the wall of the house.
When choosing a material for an open terrace, it is important to know that a full-fledged roof is not always justified. In the garden, it will be successfully replaced by climbing plants, grapes or flowers, but it is important to decide:
- what type of green space is preferable;
- how often they will be planted;
- on which side of the terrace is it more comfortable for them to develop;
- how watering and feeding will be organized;
- whether harvesting is convenient if these are fruit plants.
Warning: Honey plants and strong-smelling plants should not be used. This will attract insects such as bees, wasps and flies to the landscaped outdoor dining area. It is worth considering how to scare them away.
Advice: The correct choice of materials and competent design is a guarantee of a quick work done. As a rule, those who have basic construction skills, tools and practice in working with wood are invited to undertake the construction of such structures. If certain stages cause difficulties, for example, laying the foundation or roofing work, then it is better to entrust this to specialists.
Final stage:
- exterior and interior decoration of the terrace;
- landscaping and furnishing with garden furniture.
At a very modest dacha, you should not order an expensive project, which is customary to entrust to specialists. Here you can limit yourself to 2-4 pillars to support floors under an awning canopy or a polycarbonate canopy. For such an accomplishment, it is enough to lay out the floors of the terrace with pebbles or tiles, decorate with plants in pots, adding hanging pots with flowers. A sofa bench with handrails in the form of a small table can be made against the wall - this is the simplest option for an open structure in the form of a veranda or terrace.
We build a terrace in the country (video) - we insulate the country house and attach a terrace to it.
Terrace, translated from Latin as "land", which, in fact, reflects the essence of this structure - a site equipped on the ground.
In places where the climate is warm and dry, it can function as a living room in nature. In our latitudes, the terrace is glazed, and it turns into a veranda.
But, not everyone professes the principle of rationality - therefore, today wooden outdoor terraces are again popular. And the addition of a terrace to a wooden house is generally a classic of the genre.
If you are interested in how to make a wooden terrace with your own hands, then this information is intended for you.
It should be noted that the construction of a wooden terrace begins long before you buy the material and pick up the hammer. This is already the final stage.
Types of terraces - choice of design
To begin with, let's figure out what influences the choice of a terrace device, and at the same time let's see how a wooden terrace looks like in the photo.
Terrace type, quantity and range of materials, cost and duration of work is determined by the following design features.
1. Location
- Adjacency. Verandas and terraces made of wood can have both a common foundation with the house, and be added after.
- Location. The terrace can be adjacent to the house or be an independent structure located on the territory of the site
This is what wooden terraces and verandas are famous for, that they can be installed anywhere, because they are lightweight and do not require a foundation.
2. Construction
- Shape and size. Depends on the terrain allocated for the terrace at the summer cottage (slope, plain, garden), functional purpose, landscape design of the site, desires and capabilities of the owner.
And do not be limited by the presence of trees in the selected area. The photo shows how organically they can fit into the terrace.
- Number of levels - single or multi-level terrace
- Location of levels: on the ground or raised above the ground
3. Additional elements
- The presence and type of fencing. Open (with free access) and fenced. Garden bushes, stone, wood or metal (forged fences) can be used as a decorative fence for a terrace made of wood.
- The presence of a roof or a canopy for the terrace (the roof can be glass, sliding, retractable, transparent polycarbonate): open, partially closed, closed terrace.
4. Finishing
The choice of material for the terrace
Another important point. It is important for us that all material used is resistant to moisture (rain, snow), wind, temperature changes and ultraviolet radiation.
For work you will need
- timber for beams, supports and decking. Terraces made of wood or logs look beautiful and light;
- roof material (if any);
- protective impregnations;
- fasteners;
- tool.
How to make a wooden terrace with your own hands - instructions
Let's consider each of the stages of construction in detail.
1. Surface preparation
For a low (ground-adjacent) terrace:
- clean the surface from turf and, if possible, level;
- sprinkle the area with a mixture of sand and gravel. It can be poured with concrete, this will exclude the possibility of plant germination.
Tip: If you are going to lay the tree directly on the ground, make sure that it is well processed and can withstand moisture.
For a multi-level terrace:
- to clear of perennial plants, bushes, debris.
2. Installation of supports
Supports allow you to adjust the surface. Their minimum height is 150 mm. Purpose - the possibility of air circulation.
For a small lightweight construction, the following are suitable:
- metal corners;
- plastic adjustable supports;
- concrete supports;
- cast support (the depth of pouring is equal to the depth of freezing of the soil in your area).
For a massive structure, you need to arrange a strip or columnar foundation under the terrace
3. Installation of beams under the terrace
The beams are installed on supports, level checked and fixed. It is important to check the level frequently because any violation will lead to the accumulation of water in some places.
Material prepared for the site www.site
4. Installation of the lag
Installation begins from the place where the terrace adjoins the house. The first lag is attached to the house with a step of 600 mm. For a brick wall, a bolt with a length of 100 mm is sufficient. For wood - not less than 150 mm. The junction is insulated to prevent water infiltration.
Lags can be mounted on base beams.
In the place where a wooden terrace is attached to a brick house, a galvanized canopy is used.
The addition of a terrace to a wooden house puts forward increased requirements for waterproofing.
6. Flooring the floorboard
How to cover a wooden deck?
There is a wide selection of timber on the market for covering terraces. They vary in size, thickness and breed.
Wooden flooring on the terrace is the perfect solution. Most often, different widths or parquet blocks are used.
For an open wooden deck, it is preferable to use larch. It is the hardest and most resilient breed.
Advice:
Try to lay the boards so that they join along as little as possible.
Methods for fixing terrace and floor boards
Fixation is done in two ways:
The self-tapping screw goes through the board and attaches it to the log. The method is easy, but bad in that water can stagnate at the attachment point and the board will begin to collapse;
Allows you to protect the surface of the board. Suitable when using a special floorboard.
With the use of clamps.
Tip: A small distance of 5-7 mm should be left between the boards so that the water that has gotten can flow freely.
9. Surface treatment with protective solutions
A reasonable question arises: how to paint a wooden terrace? In addition to the fact that the tree needs to be protected from moisture, and to prevent rotting, it still needs to be protected from ultraviolet radiation. So that the wood does not lose its attractiveness over time. To do this, purchase wood oil with a UF filter.
A veranda and a gazebo is a stylish and functional decoration of a summer cottage.
But, if the gazebo is a free-standing structure that can be used in the summer, then the veranda is a room attached to the house, which has a roof, walls and is intended for year-round use.
A warm veranda can act as a corridor, hallway or rest room, greenhouse, winter garden, even a pool can be placed in it
What is the difference between a veranda and a terrace? These concepts are often confused, although they are structurally and visually distinct. The presence of a roof and walls is what distinguishes the veranda from the terrace and porch.
The veranda is envisaged even at the stage of building a house, but more often it is completed already during operation. Therefore, many are interested in how to attach a veranda to the house with their own hands. Below is a step-by-step (step-by-step) instruction for building a veranda for a private house.
1. Veranda project
Any construction begins with the development of a project.
Summarizing the experience of building verandas, it can be noted that they differ in the following parameters:
Location (adjacent to the house):
- Corner.
- End.
- Facade.
Closure degree:
- Open.
- Closed (glazed.
By installing sliding doors for the veranda, you can transform a closed veranda into an open one.
Design feature:
- Built-in veranda (built together with the house, has a common foundation with it).
- Attached (attached as needed, has its own foundation).
Veranda shape:
- A popular shape is the rectangle.
- Round (semicircular.
- Polygonal (hexagonal, octagonal).
The main purpose of the veranda is to make the house or cottage more spacious and to decorate the building. The veranda extension also performs a purely utilitarian function - house insulation. Therefore, the question naturally arises of how to attach the veranda to the house correctly. Despite the fact that the veranda is a summer construction, its construction provides for the implementation of a number of rules.
What is included in the veranda construction project:
- location of the veranda. The main options are indicated above. It is important that the extension is a continuation of the house, representing with it a single architectural ensemble.
Note. It is better to place the veranda on the east or west side, then it will be out of direct sunlight most of the time. Also, it is worth considering the wind load in the region and on the site, in particular.
- entry point to the veranda. The entrance can be arranged from the street, from one of the rooms, or be through, through the street into the house;
- place of installation of the door. It is undesirable to place the entrance doors to the veranda and to the house against each other, otherwise drafts cannot be avoided;
- the size of the veranda in the house. The length of the veranda is usually equal to the length of the wall along which it is erected. The width is from 2.5 to 7 m. It is important here that the size of the veranda is proportional to the size of the house.
Advice from the master. There is no need to save on the project. Its high-quality performance is a guarantee that the veranda will be built correctly, and the registration of permits will not cause problems.
An example of a typical veranda project is shown in the diagram
How to attach a veranda to a wooden house
Any extension to a wooden house is performed after the structure has shrunk. A house made of timber or logs shrinks for a certain period (the most active is the first 2-3 years). To avoid skewing the walls, you need to wait this period, or consider connecting to the house, allowing the frame to play.
2. Documents for the construction of a veranda (permit)
The veranda extension refers to the remodeling of the house. Therefore, it needs permission documentation.
To obtain a permit for the construction of a veranda (for an extension, reconstruction), you need to submit to the architecture department:
- a document confirming the right to own the site;
- project of a house with a veranda;
- the consent of all residents registered in the house;
- application for registration.
Note. You need to start the paperwork 2-3 months before the planned construction work. According to user reviews, this procedure takes quite a long time.
In principle, it is possible to finish building a veranda without documents, however, when selling, renting or inheriting this property, problems may arise with this property. The veranda is included in the total area of the residential building, BTI can regard this as "Unauthorized increase in living space." Especially if the veranda is heated (warm veranda).
When building a veranda, you should not deviate from the dimensions indicated in the registered project. Any adjustment will entail a change in the project documentation and the payment of a fine. The consequences of unauthorized construction are spelled out in the Law of the Russian Federation "On Architectural Activity in the Russian Federation" and the Civil Code, an excerpt from which is given below.
The consequences for unauthorized construction are listed below.
The last thing that needs to be done after the construction of the veranda is to legalize the building with the changes and obtain new documents.
3. Tools and materials for the construction of a veranda
The tool depends on what material will be used in the construction of the extension. For a wooden one you need: a hacksaw, a screwdriver, a hammer and an ax, a sledgehammer, a tape measure, a plumb line, a level (construction and water), a corner, a cord for marking, a shovel. For a metal frame, you will additionally need a grinder and a welding machine.
Material
Economy (budget) version of the veranda is a metal frame sheathed with plywood, OSB (OSB) boards or plastic clapboard.
A veranda made of brick, natural stone or wood has a more presentable appearance. It is important here that the material of the extension corresponds to the material from which the house, dacha is built, or is in harmony (combined) with them.
For the construction of a wooden veranda, you will need: lumber (log or timber, board, rail), fasteners (elements), protective solutions for wood, crushed stone, concrete, bitumen, drying oil or roofing felt, window and door systems, roofing material.
For a veranda with a metal frame: lumber will be replaced by metal corners and a steel profile, solutions for metal processing will be added, and the rest of the materials will be the same.
The polycarbonate veranda has proven itself well in that it allows you to freely admire the surrounding landscape. In addition, polycarbonate retains heat well, transmits light, and can be used for both walls and roofs. Plus, the cost of the material is quite adequate. Used cellular polycarbonate with a wall thickness of 14-18 mm.
Note. All materials requiring processing must be processed before starting work. After the veranda is built, processing will be more difficult.
Preparation for construction
The construction of the veranda begins with the preparation of the site. Part of the plot, set aside for the veranda, turns into a construction site. Before starting work you need:
- remove the visor above the entrance;
- dismantle the porch;
- to clear the area from green spaces and debris;
- remove part of the turf;
- think over the place of laying building materials and construction waste.
4. The foundation for the veranda to the house
Before you start pouring the foundation, you need to determine its appearance. The most widespread is the columnar foundation for the veranda, since it makes it possible to attach the veranda without reference to the main foundation of the house. However, a heavier veranda needs a strip foundation.
An important point is the analysis of the soil, which makes it possible to reasonably choose the foundation for the veranda to the house. The following factors are taken into account: the ability of the soil to absorb moisture, the homogeneity and composition of the soil, the level of freezing, the height of the groundwater, the stability of the soil.
In addition, the choice of the basis for the extension will be influenced by the construction of the foundation of the house and the condition of the walls (wall material).
Having decided what foundation for the veranda is better to make, they make markings for the tape or indicate the place of installation of the pillars (supports) under the pile.
Note. For a small wooden veranda, it is enough to install pillars at the corners of the structure. For long and wide, provide additional posts along the length / width of the base. The recommended spacing for the installation of supports is 500-600 mm.
How to make a columnar foundation for a veranda
- dig holes for posts about 1 m deep. It is important to know that the depth of the foundation for the veranda depends on the depth of the foundation of the house (should be the same) and the level of soil freezing;
- at the bottom of the pit, a pillow is made from a mixture of rubble and sand. They can be covered in layers, first sand, then crushed stone or gravel;
- a concrete base is poured;
- the support pillars for the columnar foundation are laid out / inserted:
Made of bricks. If you need to add a veranda to a brick house;
From a bar. For a wooden veranda;
From asbestos pipes, concrete poles or metal supports. For a frame veranda.
The ground part of the pillars is brought to the height of the main foundation of the house. If the basement is high, you need to bring the extension to the level of the house.
An example in the photo (the first floor is used as a garage, the veranda is at the level of the second floor).
The installation site is covered with sand to eliminate and strengthen the gap between the post and the soil.
The construction of a veranda with a large mass requires pouring a strip foundation. To do this, you need to dig a trench, set up the formwork (just above the required foundation height), pour concrete. The process of complete hardening of concrete must be accompanied by periodic wetting with water for uniform hardening of the concrete mixture.
5. Veranda frame
The installation of the frame begins with the execution of the lower strapping. For this, a beam is laid on the supports.
Note. The bottom rail can be double system. It is on it that the racks and floor joists will be attached in the future.
Next, the supports are installed, which form the frame of the veranda to the house. The frame of a wooden veranda is made of 120x80 or 100x100 timber. When using logs, their diameter should be greater than 120 mm. It is recommended to install the supports at a distance of 500-600 mm, but in practice this is rare. However, the supports must be installed in the corners and form the door / window openings.
The height of the supports is equal to the height of the veranda. In this case, the supports installed closer to the wall must be higher in order to form a pitched roof. The methods for attaching the racks to the lower harness are shown in the figure.
Advice. The stiffness of the supports will be given by the jibs (braces) installed above and below.
When installing the frame, horizontal beams are installed, which will serve as the basis for installing the window sill when glazing.
The installation of the veranda frame ends with the implementation of the upper strapping. It will serve as the basis for the formation of the rafter system, and will give the frame additional rigidity.
Note. To prevent the upper harness from skewing, the supports must be secured with temporary struts.
Many are interested in how to make a frame of a veranda from a log house. Indeed, in this case, both the foundations of the buildings and the frame itself move. Therefore, all connections must be able to move (displace). Shrinkage compensators are installed from below, and from above the roof is firmly attached to the rafters of the log house.
6. The roof of the veranda
Part of the frame is the veranda rafter system. The installation of rafters and lathing depends on what kind of roofing material the veranda roof will be covered with.
From the point of view of construction, the following types of roofs for the veranda are distinguished:
Shed roof of the veranda.
The easiest and best option. In this case, the rafter system is mounted at an angle from the wall of the house, which makes it possible for rainwater or snow to flow down unhindered without damaging the building.
Note. A pitched roof is more convenient from the point of view of the organization of drainage and, accordingly, the device of the drainage system.
The gable roof of the veranda.
In this case, the veranda is attached to the house with a narrow part. It becomes, as it were, a checkpoint. This method has not found proper distribution. More often, such a roof is erected over the terrace.
The polygonal roof for the veranda is built in such a way that the angle of inclination is maintained for draining water.
Installation of the veranda rafter system
A girder board is installed on the wall of the house (beam 100x80 mm). The bar is fastened with anchor bolts. The upper parts of the rafter legs are mounted on it.
A Mauerlat is installed along the perimeter of the frame. In small wooden outbuildings, this function is performed by the boards of the upper strapping. The lower parts of the rafter legs are installed on them.
The lower part of the rafters is mounted so that it is possible to provide overhang (removal) of the roofing material, which means that the veranda is protected from the ingress of flowing water.
Note. The distance between the rafter legs depends on the slope of the roof, the width of the veranda, and the weight of the roofing material.
When installing the roofing system of a polygonal veranda, a girder board is additionally installed.
Depending on the material chosen, the crate is stuffed (for metal tiles, ondulin, slate) or a continuous crate is made (for flexible roofing materials).
How to attach a veranda to the house - video instruction
7. The floor on the veranda
The order of construction, materials, methods of fastening and processing.
DIY flooring technology:
Logs are installed on the boards of the lower strapping. The distance between adjacent logs should be no more than 1 m. The logs are installed perpendicular to how the floorboard will be laid.
Fastening the lag to the strapping is an important point, the quality of its implementation determines the operational characteristics of the floor. The lag setting is level controlled.
What to make floors on an open veranda
The concrete floor on the veranda is cheaper, plus, it is durable and requires subsequent finishing. For example, you can lay tiles or linoleum. The wooden floor on the veranda, even painted, will deform over time. It is also recommended to use a plastic skirting board with wood-like decor.
How to cover the floors on a closed veranda
The floor of the closed veranda is laid. In this case, the installation begins with the board farthest from the entrance. It attaches to the joists directly through the board.
Subsequent boards are mounted using the thorn-groove method, and the hardware is fastened through the groove.
How to attach a floorboard to a veranda
It is recommended to fasten the floor boards with self-tapping screws. Their length should be twice the width of the board. The distance from the edge of the floorboard to the wall is 10-15 mm. Such a gap will allow to compensate for the expansion of the timber during the hot season.
How to cover the floor on the veranda (open, closed)
The flooring of the veranda made of wood is one of the most popular and easy to install. Therefore, the actual question is how to treat the floor on the veranda in order to extend the service life and preserve the aesthetic properties.
Floorboards will last longer if they are additionally covered with solutions that prevent the appearance of fungus. As a finishing floor covering - apply a decorative layer of paint or stain, opened on top with varnish.
A novelty among paintwork materials is Dufa paint "Liquid plastic", intended for use outdoors (well suited for an open veranda).
From transparent coatings, the respect of users has earned:
- Tikkurila Valtti (wood oil);
- Pinotex Terrace Oil;
- Alpina Oel Terrassen Dunkel;
- Watco Danish Oil .;
- as well as epoxy varnishes (yacht varnishes), which are intended for use in humid environments.
- the product must be intended for wood;
- be resistant to abrasion;
- be resistant to environmental factors (water, temperature, ultraviolet light).
It is worth noting that veranda floor coverings are quite expensive, but this is justified by the service life, without re-finishing and high aesthetic properties.
8. Roofing material for the veranda
As a roofing material, it is better to use such material for the roof of the veranda, which is installed on the main structure (house or summer cottage). Well-proven shingles,. They are mounted in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Note. To prevent water from flowing into the veranda in the place where the roof of the extension adjoins the wall of the house, a joint strip must be laid over the roofing material.
Correct installation of the joint strip provides for the manufacture of a gash in the wall of the house into the institution of the narrow edge of the strip.
You can admire the surrounding beauty in the warmth of the veranda by installing transparent roofs for the veranda. In this case, glass or cellular polycarbonate plays the role of roofing material.
Telescopic awning roofs or retractable veranda roofs are considered new.
). Installation of finishing materials depends on their type.
It is important to know that the wall of the veranda adjacent to the house is fixed with embedded metal elements (details). The mount must be rigid.
Today, veranda wall cladding with sliding systems is popular, the upper half of which is glass, and the lower half is wooden.
Note. Before moving on to the external and internal decoration of the walls of the veranda, you need to give it time to settle down. This is especially true of the veranda made of wood.
10. Glazing of the veranda
Windows occupy a significant part of the area of the veranda walls. Due to the fact that the veranda is a summer building, single wooden windows are usually installed, most often plastic or wooden. They use aluminum windows with multi-chamber double-glazed windows.
A large veranda is equipped with both opening and blind windows. The first ones allow you to provide ventilation of the room, the second ones - to save on glazing. Sliding windows deserve attention, allowing you to turn the veranda into an open terrace.
Among the novelties, flexible windows for the veranda stand out. They allow you to extend the operating period of the summer terrace. The advantage of windows is their relatively low cost, the ability to quickly assemble and disassemble for the winter. They make the high veranda safe for children to play without compromising its attractiveness.
Soft windows for the veranda - roller systems (PVC curtains), which allow you to glaze a veranda of any configuration (round, semicircular, oval).
Installation of soft windows - video
Closed terrace where you can spend time in any weather Source kayrosblog.ru
Tea drinking with family on a beautiful summer morning or evening gatherings with friends in the fresh air without leaving home - what can be the best way to take a break from everyday worries? Realize the dream of a full-fledged suburban vacation will allow a veranda or terrace to the house built on the plot... In addition to functional properties, such buildings also carry a design idea, giving the appearance of a cottage or summer cottage a single complete image of a truly comfortable home. Today, for both outdoor and indoor decoration of a veranda or terrace, there are many designs, styles, designs. For those who choose which veranda to attach to the house, projects, photos and layouts will be great inspiration.
Veranda or terrace - what are the differences?
Often people do not know how a veranda attached to a house differs from a terrace, therefore they confuse the concepts with each other, or even consider the meaning of these words synonymous. That is why, before thinking about construction, you need to understand the differences between buildings and decide which is more suitable for you.
One-storey house with a closed veranda and an adjoining terrace Source houzz.com
Veranda
The veranda can be closed or open. For the construction, a foundation is erected and various materials are used: polycarbonate, glass, brick or wood. It can play the role of a summer kitchen, dining room, winter garden. Such a building is usually located on the side of the main entrance or the second exit to the courtyard.
In the event that it is planned to use the extension all year round, then it is necessary to insulate the walls, make waterproofing, and install a heating system.
An attached veranda to the house can perform more functions than a terrace:
- summer living room;
- canteen;
- kitchen;
- gym;
- winter Garden;
- hallway or vestibule;
- pantry.
If you want to attach a veranda to the house with your own hands, projects, photos and other visual materials will help you decide on the design. Although it would be better to use the help of professionals.
Types of verandas
The veranda can be made from a variety of materials. Some designers advise to give preference to the one from which the house is built. But this is not important, the choice depends only on the personal preferences and ideas of the owner of the main building.
The difference between the materials of the main building with the raw materials for the construction of a building, as well as their combination, can highlight the veranda, emphasize the emphasis on one of the buildings, or focus on any particular aspect of the structure.
Veranda with panoramic glazing Source inar.de
Basic building materials for the veranda
- Wood. Most suitable for the construction of a veranda to a wooden house. A wooden veranda is being erected from timber and boards.
- Brick. Such an extension requires a more solid foundation than a wooden one. So that the brick structure does not look bulky, it is worth using more window openings.
- Metal. Such material is suitable for a summer veranda, most of which is glazed.
- A cheaper and more reliable alternative to glass and metal could be polycarbonate- a modern plastic-based material that transmits the sun's rays well, retains heat and protects from the wind. Its peculiarity is that it bends easily and makes it possible to give the building any shape.
There are many building materials from which you can build a veranda, the choice depends only on your own desire and the available resources of the owner of the house. You can use several materials at once, combining them, and giving a unique aesthetic look to the extension and the house as a whole.
The only thing worth considering is that the more weight and pressure the structure exerts, the more powerful the foundation will be required for it.
Spacious veranda in a two-story house Source prefer.ru.net
Open and closed verandas
By its type, the veranda can be open or closed. Let's consider both options.
Closed veranda
A closed veranda is a room that continues the space of the house. This type gives the maximum number of options for using the room. Structures can be deaf or swing (turning into open). Glazing helps to maintain visual contact with the landscape, create comfortable conditions for the inhabitants of the room, and protect the porch. Insulation and heating in winter will allow you to create an additional room on the veranda, and the opportunity is there in the cold.
It is advisable to position the extension taking into account as much light as possible entering it. The furnishings should not be heavy and oppressive, it is better to leave as much free space as possible, hang curtains on the windows, create a warm and cozy atmosphere.
An open veranda is only suitable for summer vacations Source pinterest.pt
Open veranda
The design of an open veranda is simpler than a closed one. It can be designed as a closed canopy with a railing, which is a continuation of the porch. The design of this structure does not require compliance with any architectural conditions, and can be prepared after the construction of a house or cottage.
An open veranda attached to the house makes it possible to organize a comfortable outdoor recreation. You should pay attention to the situation, choosing furniture taking into account certain quality characteristics - it must be resistant to environmental influences, tolerate UV rays, and do not require serious maintenance.
The construction of an open veranda requires much less material costs, time and effort. Most of all, it is suitable for owners who have no desire to use it in the winter, but just want to comfortably organize their country leisure in the summer.
The disadvantages of an open veranda are:
- limitation of the functionality of the building;
- use only in the summer;
- the need to use materials resistant to adverse weather conditions.
The main function of the open veranda is to enjoy being outdoors and admire the view.
You can combine the open and closed type of extension. For example, hang curtains made of thick fabric, install high opening window openings, or make a railing from a lattice.
Open stepped terrace Source sadovodu.com
Terrace
Terrace, attached to the house, is a platform that does not require pouring the foundation, installed on a base slightly raised above the ground. It can be located on one side of the house, merge with the porch, or be a free-standing object. The terrace structure does not include windows and doors, but has a roof or canopy and railings. When choosing a terrace, you should pay special attention to the floor covering, it must be resistant to the direct effects of natural factors: rain, snow, sunlight.
Most often, the terrace performs the following functions:
- summer living room;
- canteen;
- playroom for children;
- sunbathing place.
An open terrace attached to the house will be a good place to get aesthetic pleasure from the surrounding landscape
Small covered terrace Source toldospozuelo.net
Features of the terrace design
There are many options for building a terrace, both for active and passive recreation in the summer season. But before starting the design of a structure, it is necessary to determine the conditions on which its size and functionality will depend.
These include:
- determining the type of foundation for a building - rammed soil or an erected foundation;
- choice of material for flooring;
- determination of the necessary pieces of furniture, their location;
- making a decision that the room will be a completely open space or a partially closed object.
Video description
In this video we will tell you how to build a veranda with your own hands:
Racks and beams can act as a base, smoothly turning into a part of the structure or adjacent to it. On such beams, you can install a roof covering that combines the terrace with the porch.
You can install such an open building directly on the ground, only it must be prepared in advance. In fact, this is very different from the veranda and terrace extension to the house (the photos show the difference). If the presence of a floor made of wood is implied, then the material must be pre-treated with special compounds that protect against moisture.
The floor itself is made so that water can quickly drain from it. Under the extension itself, it is necessary to locate a water collector with a tray or pipe, which leads the water out of the terrace.
The terrace has the following features:
- In most cases, this is just a wooden deck with no walls, just a railing.
- You can position the terrace against one wall of the house, you can also cover the corner of the building or part of the perimeter of the building.
- The area usually depends on the size of the plot. A large terrace will allow you to organize several zones on it and accommodate a large number of people.
Equipping the terrace with additional elements such as a roof, walls, railings, glass openings, a swing, a hammock and even a dance floor depends on personal preference. A properly attached terrace to the house will easily fit into the surrounding landscape, allowing you to enjoy it to the fullest. Those who do not like spontaneous decisions should use projects, photos of which are presented in large quantities, when building a terrace to a house.
Open veranda under a canopy with a transition to the terrace Source opravovat-um.blogspot.com
Types of terraces
There are a large number of outdoor recreation areas on a suburban area with a cottage or summer cottage.
Depending on the design features, it happens:
- Terrace attached to the house. Requires a base, is attached to the building, can be made of different materials: metal posts, wood or brick. The type is open and semi-closed. Most of all it is similar to the veranda to the country house.
- Separate building. It can be located in any place available on the site. It is built on a concrete foundation, no more than 10 cm above ground level, and can be equipped with a fireplace. Requires moisture-resistant materials, as it is open from all sides.
- Building along the perimeter of the house. Requires a stable foundation to support the structure and anchoring to the walls of the building. It can be completely open, whether it has partial enclosures or glazing. If required, a porch is installed to access the site.
Veranda with a brick oven Source doma-klyuch.ru
Depending on the material, the structure can be:
- Brick. This material is the most durable and unpretentious to maintain. True, building from it takes time and considerable financial costs.
- Wooden terrace. It does not require an obligatory foundation, since wood is a very light material. But it needs to be treated with a special compound that prolongs the life of the tree.
The choice of the type of construction depends on the area of the site, the location of the house and garden on it, the presence of a reservoir or pool on the site, you should also pay attention to the material from which the house is built.
It turns out that terrace Is an open building for summer vacations, veranda in addition to this function, it protects the external walls and the entrance door of the building from weather conditions. In some cases, the veranda is used in winter as an additional room that increases the usable area of the house.
Verandas are more popular in areas with cold climates, changeable weather conditions and temperature extremes. Terraces are more often used in warmer climates, where winter is less of the year. Verandas and terraces to the house, photos of which are presented in the article, demonstrate this difference.
The correct location of the veranda and terrace - what to look for?
Before starting construction, you need to decide where the terrace or veranda to the house will be located, projects and photos of finished objects will help you roughly imagine how the structure should look as a whole. And it is also worth considering the following factors:
- the duration of the sunlight on the selected side of the building or site;
- view from the platform;
- soil properties and characteristics;
- design solution for the house and landscape.
Scheme of the correct veranda Source lixovew.kapigyzes.ru.net
The shape of the terrace can be rectangular, round, multifaceted, and also have several tiers. Multilevel buildings look very advantageous and give a special look to the cottage; also, with such a design, there is no need for steps.
Also, even before creating a veranda or terrace project, you must:
- Decide on the area of the building, calculate how many people will be in the room, determine its main purpose.
- Consider the location of the roof, it should protect from the exhausting sun on a hot day, and also become a barrier to rain.
- Pick up material, depends on it, including the price of the construction of the extension. You need to realistically assess your capabilities, already from this build on in determining the scale of construction.
After analyzing all the factors of construction, you can start designing the structure, then look for a construction company, taking into account your calculations. It is worth approaching this with responsibility and attentiveness, otherwise the quality and external characteristics of the finished structure will not be the same as originally wanted. If you do not take into account all the factors, the addition to the house of the veranda and terrace will not correspond to the photo, and the project that was chosen as a sample, at least in terms of quality. To prevent this from happening, it is better to weigh the pros and cons and turn to specialists who will do everything on a turnkey basis.
Features of design and construction
Before starting construction work, it is necessary to develop a plan for the veranda and terrace to the house, draw up an estimate of costs. This will significantly improve the quality of the structure and save you from mistakes. When preparing the project, it is necessary to take into account the operating conditions, the functions that the auxiliary premises being built will perform.
Veranda frame assembly diagram Source ok-berta.ru
Features of building a terrace
Features of the construction of a terrace depend on the selected material: blocks, metal, wood, brick. The advantage of a wooden deck is the optional installation of a foundation or the use of lightweight structures in the form of pillars or piles for the foundation. Heavy stone and brick require a foundation, it is better if the base of the brick terrace is combined with the foundation of the house.
The floor platform should be installed at a level from half a meter to a meter above the ground, slightly tilting towards the water drain. Further, the installation of support structures follows, taking into account the engineering characteristics of the material used for construction. The roof frame is mounted on the supports, connected to the house, and the roof is laid.
Then, you can start finishing. The interior design can be any, depending on the wishes of the owner of the house and the purpose of the erected extension.
The veranda can be attached to an already finished house Source samozvetik.ru
Veranda construction
The first thing that is needed is the foundation, it must correspond to what is used under the house. The next step is laying the floor joists, and attaching the structure to the wall of the building. A treated board is suitable as a floor, which can later be varnished or painted.
The installed frame is sheathed with boards, polycarbonate or glazed, then the roof, doors and windows are mounted. Electrical wiring and heating (if any) are provided. In the event that the veranda is a living space in winter, it is necessary to make insulation with any material that suits you more and meets the climatic conditions.
The roof usually has a lean-to shape, the angle of inclination should be such that snow and rain do not linger on the roof. For the roof, it is better to choose the same material that was used for the roof of the main building.
Video description
100 options for beautiful terraces, see the following video:
The veranda, as an extension to a one-story house, can become a favorite place for all household members, subject to the rules and construction technology. The correct organization of the space in the room allows you to achieve the most comfortable conditions. As you can see from all that has been said, building a terrace and veranda is not such a difficult question. When qualified builders work, such an extension will become a continuation of the house, complement its appearance, increase the space and become a place for recreation, parties, and organizing children's games. Verandas and terraces attached to the house, photos of which are presented in the text, will help outline a better option for a particular site, but it is better to turn to professionals for a project.
