A person sitting in front of a fireplace or stove is unlikely to have the idea that these heating devices have low efficiency. The contemplation of fire and the feeling of living heat cannot be replaced by any modern boiler, in which the burner flame is hidden in its depths and is not visible to the eye, and every kilowatt of thermal energy is carefully selected and transferred to the coolant. But it turns out that there is a beautiful, even elegant, compromise solution - a stove with a water circuit for heating a house.

Stove heating

The stove has always been a kind of “heart” of the house. She always traditionally stood in the center, and all life boiled around her. They cooked food in the stove and warmed themselves near it in winter. A well-heated stove accumulated so much energy that even after the fire died out, it gave warmth to all household members for a long time, spreading it like the sun in all directions from its massive walls. And fuel for the furnace - regular firewood There have always been plenty in Russia, the main thing is not to be lazy and stock up on them in the summer.

Stove heating has a number of undeniable advantages:

• Firstly, stoves do not require connection to gas and electrical networks, they use mainly as fuel, which are a renewable type of fuel; in most of Russia there will always be a lot of them at reasonable prices, and sometimes completely free.

• Secondly, the stoves provide the most comfortable radiant heating when the massive walls of the furnace radiate heat, transferring it to surrounding objects and air.
• Thirdly, the stove can combine several functions at once: heating itself, cooking, heating water.

• Fourthly, contemplating an open fire in fireplaces (and they are, in fact, stoves) creates a comfortable atmosphere.
• Fifthly, the massive structure of the furnace during the cold season is capable of accumulating a huge amount of thermal energy, which it will gradually release. In the summer, everything happens the other way around: the stove, which is always built on a separate foundation, “dumps” excess thermal energy into the ground from the hot air, that is, it is a kind of air conditioner.
• And finally, stove heating does not cause harm environment, if it uses natural fuel, because combustion processes in nature occur constantly.

Let’s add a little fly in the ointment and list the disadvantages of stove heating:

• Stove heating requires constant human participation: laying firewood, cleaning the ash pit and chimney, adjusting draft and other operations, although for a country house of periodic residence this is more of a plus than a minus.

• The more power a stove has, the larger its geometric dimensions must be, and this “eats up” usable area Houses.
• The stove can only heat those rooms with which it is in direct contact. In remote areas, you will have to build or install another stove, as was done in old houses.
• Due to its inertia, a traditional Russian brick stove takes a very long time to reach operating mode. Modern fireplaces, stoves, potbelly stoves and
• Stove heating has low efficiency - no more than 40% and usually has excess power. When the stove enters operating mode and warms up, it is almost impossible to stand next to it, but then, as it cools down, it gradually gives off heat. In this case, a lot of energy simply flies into the atmosphere through the chimney.
• The combustion process of fuel in a furnace is more difficult to control than in boilers. It is almost impossible to extinguish the stove instantly, which increases the level of fire danger.
• Furnaces require chimneys with good draft so that combustion occurs intensely and flue gases escape into the atmosphere and do not penetrate into the premises. Chimneys must be insulated from combustible building structures.
• The furnace requires constant storage of a substantial supply of fuel, which must be periodically replenished, and slag and ash require disposal.

To summarize all of the above, we can say that stoves have a right to exist, but in many respects they still lose to other types of heating. In general, this is a troublesome business - stoves. If in the conditions of a country house, where a person appears periodically, this is a pleasant chore, then in permanent homes the operation of the stove turns into a routine and is most often a necessary measure when, for example, it is not possible to organize another heating system due to the lack of main gas.

Why does heating with coolant outperform stove heating?

As noted earlier, one of the main problems of stoves is the inability to heat rooms remote from them. In modern models of stoves and fireplaces, manufacturers have tried to solve this problem by equipping their heating devices with convection air channels, to which air ducts can be connected. Warm air from the stove spreads throughout the rooms, heating them. Very good decision, which, by the way, works great in some homes.

The air in such furnaces serves as a coolant, that is, a substance that can receive thermal energy from the furnace, and then be transported to its destination and transfer it to a remote room. To do this, you just need to build an air duct system, which is not without its drawbacks and is associated with certain difficulties:

• Firstly, air ducts are large and often cannot be hidden behind building structures.
• Secondly, air ducts offer strong resistance to the movement of heated air, especially if they have many turns. Therefore, there are restrictions on their length.
• Thirdly, air has a low specific heat capacity, so in order to transfer a certain amount of thermal energy to a room remote from the stove, a large amount of heated air is required. To do this, you need to either build air ducts bigger size, or forcefully supply heated air with a fan.
• And finally, a large amount of dust, soot and other contaminants are transmitted through the air ducts, of which there is always plenty near the furnace.

The best and most widespread The coolant used in home heating systems is water due to its advantages:

• Water has a very high specific heat capacity ( WITH=4,187 kJ/ (kg*°TO) ) compared to dry air ( WITH=1,005 kJ/ (kg*°TO)), therefore it can receive and transmit large amounts of thermal energy over considerable distances.
• Heated water can be easily transported to the desired location through small-sized pipelines.

• Water is absolutely harmless, non-toxic and does not burn.
• Water is always available, one might say that it is almost free.

The main disadvantage of water is its high freezing point - 0 °C, while it expands in volume and damages heating system devices. In addition, water, in combination with atmospheric oxygen, has high corrosiveness to ferrous metals. Hard water - with a high content of calcium and magnesium salts leads to the formation of scale on the inner surface pipes, heat exchangers and radiators, which sharply reduces their performance. All this requires special measures:

• In houses for year-round use, during the winter season, which is dangerous for water, the heating system is not in danger, since it is constantly in operation. Modern gas and electric boilers have a protection function that will prevent the coolant temperature from falling below +5 °C.
• In houses where people do not appear in the winter, the water can simply be drained from the system, but in this case there will be accelerated corrosion of the steel parts of the heating system. Another solution is to use special antifreezes that reduce the freezing point, but they are not compatible with all boilers and radiators, are expensive and age over time.
• Very often, in heating systems where the coolant is water, a backup is placed “on guard”, the task of which is to maintain the temperature in the house, and, therefore, the coolant, at a certain minimum level. When the owners appear, the boiler is started, the stoves or fireplaces are lit and the temperature is raised to the desired temperature. After leaving, the “guard” again takes over the post.

• To reduce the corrosiveness of water, special additives are added to it or the system is made closed. Then atmospheric oxygen does not penetrate into the heating system and corrosion stops or proceeds very slowly and does not affect the overall service life of the heating system devices.

Of course, the question arises: is it possible to combine the delights of stove heating with the advantages of systems where water is the coolant. And at the same time try to get away from the shortcomings of both. It was not possible to completely solve this problem, but there are quite good technical solutions, both industrially produced and implemented by home Kulibins. Let's consider them, and after that it will be possible to draw certain conclusions.

Brief overview of industrially produced furnaces with a water circuit for heating

Among all the options for implementing a furnace with a water circuit, you must choose those that are already used and successfully operated. And first of all, you need to pay attention to the finished products that the industry produces. And that's why:

• In the vast majority of cases, a ready-made stove will cost less than a self-made or built one.
• Above creation finished ovens There are entire teams of highly qualified specialists with extensive experience who calculate the design, develop production technology and operating rules.
• In production, special heat-resistant grades of steel and cast iron are used, which are not available to the common man at metal warehouses.
• The quality of industrially manufactured stoves is higher than those made by handicraft methods, since they are used technological equipment high level.

• All stoves that go on sale from manufacturers go through a long and painful process of testing and completing a package of documents with licensing and regulatory authorities.
• Industrially manufactured stoves have a warranty from the manufacturer, can be provided with spare parts, they are easier to install, it is easy to select a chimney for them, they are supplied with a set of ready-made standard projects for creating a heating system or integrating it into an existing one.

Currently, there are many famous and not so famous manufacturers operating in the furnace equipment market: ABX (Czech Republic), NordFlam (Poland), EdilKamin (Italy), MBS (Serbia), Termofor (Russia), Romotop (Czech Republic), Chazelles (France), Invicta (France), Vira (Russia), Panadero (Spain), Storh (Germany) and many others. As an example, we decided to show two models of stoves with a water circuit: the Aquarius fireplace insert from the Termofor company and the Armada 20 stove produced under the Vira brand. We intentionally present both of these models from domestic manufacturers, since, with equal technical characteristics, some Western “brothers” are either indecently or simply shamelessly expensive.

Fireplace insert with water circuit "Aquarius"

The Termofor company, which is very well known on the market, produces the Aquarius fireplace insert, which can be equipped with a water heat exchanger circuit specifically for heating purposes. Any portal you like can be built for the firebox so that it becomes a harmonious part of the interior of the house. This product is available in two modifications, both with and without a water heat exchanger. We specifically indicated in the table specifications both models for comparison.

Models	Aquarius	Aquarius TO
Fireplace insert power, kW	12	12
Volume of heated room (maximum), cubic meters. m	200	200
Overall dimensions, W*D*H, mm	690*515*930	690*515*930
Firebox door opening size, mm	315*535	315*535
Weight, kg	68	77
Combustion chamber volume, l	70.7	62.5
Maximum loading volume, l	56	52
Maximum log size, mm	545	545
Chimney diameter, mm	200	200
Minimum chimney height, m	5	5
Heat exchanger volume, l	-	11.6
Heat exchanger power (maximum), kW	-	6
Maximum operating pressure, kgf/sq. cm	-	0.5

The design features of this fireplace insert model are:

• The large heat-resistant glass of the firebox door is protected from soot deposits and allows you to observe the fire.
• The large volume of the firebox ensures long burning.
• The firebox is additionally protected with fireclay stone, which extends its service life.
• Overall dimensions allow you to choose a standard lining for fireplaces or make your own.
• A fireplace insert with an Aquarius TO heat exchanger can only be connected to open-type heating systems.

From the technical characteristics of this device it is clear that through a water heat exchanger the firebox can transfer up to 6 kW of thermal energy to water, which means that the area of ​​heated premises can be about 50-60 m2 with a ceiling height of 2.5 meters. The remaining 6 kW of power can be used to heat the room where the fireplace is installed, so when constructing a portal, convection flows should be organized near the firebox with warm air exiting from above the fireplace.

This fireplace, like, in principle, any stove with a water circuit, is strictly forbidden to be lit without water in the heat exchanger, this will lead to its rapid failure. The option for connecting “Aquarius TO” to an open heating system with natural circulation is presented in the following diagram:

Thus, in addition to its decorative function, the fireplace can heat not big house. In order for the heat exchange to take place more intensively, you can install a circulation pump with a bypass line on the return line. In the absence of electricity, natural circulation of water will occur, and if there is electricity, the pump will turn on. There are fireplace models that can be included in the heating system closed type, but we will not consider them within the scope of this article.

Prices for the model range of fireplace inserts with a water circuit "Aquarius"

Fireplace insert with water circuit "Aquarius"

Solid fuel heating boiler "Armada 20 »

This boiler is produced in Russia at the Bermash plant in the city of Berezovsky. It may seem to the reader that the authors have left the topic of the article, because it is about stoves with a heating circuit, and suddenly the conversation turned to boilers. So the “Armada” boiler is nothing more than a furnace from the same manufacturer called “Legion” in which, instead of convection air heating pipes, a water circuit made of pipes was placed. Has this unit ceased to be a furnace? Of course not! The coolant just changed.

Furnaces are traditionally called heat generators that heat directly in their presence with radiant heat (IR radiation), as well as those that heat the air. Boilers are designed to heat water, which will later be transported to various devices heating: radiators, convectors, heated floors and others. the main task the boiler heats the coolant, and the stove heats everything around it. But we will not deviate from the name declared by the manufacturer and will tell you about the Armada 20 boiler. We present its technical characteristics in the form of a table:

Technical characteristics of the boiler ARMADA 20
Boiler power (heating capacity), kW	20
Heated area (h=2.5 m), sq. m	Up to 200
Overall dimensions (W*D*H), mm	390*660*750
Firebox depth/log size, mm	510/480
Weight (without fuel and water), kg	115
Combustion chamber volume, l	90
Fuel loading weight (maximum), kg	12
4.8
Dimensions of firebox door openings, mm	190*292
Connecting thread for direct and return heating lines	G 1 ½“
Volume of water in the circuit, l	28
Working pressure in the system, MPa	0.3
Power of the heating element block, kW	3*2=6
Chimney diameter, mm	120
Chimney height (minimum), m	6
Maximum outlet coolant temperature, °C	95
Minimum inlet coolant temperature, °C	60-80

This stove (boiler) has some design features that must be mentioned.

• The heat exchanger has a large number of pipes, so the heat removal area in relation to the volume of water inside the heat exchanger is maximum. This achieves greater thermal output.
• The door is equipped with a transparent tempered glass screen, which allows you to visually observe the combustion of fuel.
• There is a hob on top of the boiler. This allows you to heat or cook food.
• In the upper part of the firebox, the partition has a removable structure, which allows you to clean the boiler and chimney from soot.
• The outer parts of the heat exchanger are also an air convector, which is covered with panels painted with heat-resistant powder paint.
• The boiler is designed to burn wood (preferably hardwood), fuel briquettes(eurowood), pellets, as well as brown coal with a fraction size of at least 4 cm.
• The boiler cannot be operated without water in the heat exchanger - this will lead to its rapid failure.
• The boiler design includes technological holes for installing heating elements, which will allow maintaining the coolant temperature in a safe range in winter without heating.
• The boiler can operate both in open and closed system heating with a working coolant pressure of no more than 3 MPa.

Examples of boiler piping for a closed heating system with forced circulation of coolant, as well as an open one with natural circulation, are shown in the figures:

Scheme of piping a stove in a closed heating system

Thus, the Armada 20 boiler (stove with a water circuit) can already heat a fairly large house and at the same time it can still be used for cooking and partially or completely heat the room where it is installed. Although the main heat removal is in favor of water, this boiler still has not ceased to be a stove. Or, on the contrary, this oven never became absolutely complete.

Prices for solid fuel heating boilers "Armada"

Solid fuel heating boiler "Armada 20"

Video: Review of furnaces with a water circuit

Water circuit for heating in a brick oven

It is very tempting to place the heat exchanger of the heating system in a brick oven, given that a huge amount of fuel combustion energy is spent on heating the massive structure. And in fact, stoves with a built-in boiler exist and are successfully operated. And this design has a lot of advantages:

• Due to their large mass and ability to accumulate heat, brick kilns are a certain buffer-thermal accumulator, which will take on excess heat and, if necessary, transfer it to someone who lacks it.
• In a large brick oven, a hob, a fireplace, and a water heating circuit successfully coexist, and for all these devices there is no need to build separate chimneys.
• Heat transfer on the surface and in the furnace mass occurs evenly, so heat will be transferred to the water circuit with the greatest efficiency.
• Even after the fire in the firebox has completely died out, a brick stove can “share” heat with the water circuit heat exchanger for several hours. But here everything depends on the design and weight of the stove.

The main disadvantage of this design is the complexity of implementation. It is best to think about using a stove as a heating boiler before the start of its construction or before reconstruction. In any other case, you will have to plunge into the very troublesome work of disassembling the stove and reassembling it. And the price of a mistake here is very high; it is very difficult to correct something.

If the owner has decided to take such an important step as organizing a water circuit in the building, then there is no way to do it without specialists. Furnaces should be made by stove makers, and developed by engineers together with the same stove makers. It would never occur to anyone to go to a car mechanic to have their teeth treated, so why do some homeowners rely on their own strength or rely on the “rich experience” of a neighbor, godfather, matchmaker, brother. That is why it is best to order a furnace project with a water circuit from specialists or use ready-made technical solutions that can be obtained for nominal money or completely free of charge via the Internet. As they say, Google and Yandex will help you.

Any incorrect intervention in a finished furnace disrupts its operation, contributes to its rapid destruction, reduces efficiency and creates a danger to the health and life of people. Let's list typical mistakes when installing a water circuit in a brick oven:

• The heat exchanger was built into the firebox of a brick kiln, so its volume decreased sharply, which affects the power, filling volume and efficiency, and in the worst side. If the coolant actively circulates through it, cooling the firebox, this will lead to a decrease in temperature, the formation of a large amount of soot and chemically aggressive condensate, which will quickly “eat” the heat exchanger if it is not made of stainless steel.

• The heat exchanger was built into the smoke channels of the furnace, thereby disrupting their throughput. As a result, part carbon monoxide returns to the furnace room, and this can lead to very disastrous results.
• The heat exchanger was embedded in the masonry. When it is heated, linear expansion of the metals occurs, which leads to destruction of the furnace and the formation of cracks.
• An unreasonably high-power heat exchanger was built into the chimney. Circulating water reduces temperature flue gases, this leads to an avalanche-like formation of condensate, which destroys both the chimney and the heat exchanger.

And there may be many more similar errors with unpredictable consequences. This once again proves that it is better to use a ready-made technical solution and attract professionals for masonry and installation, since for the money spent on a good stainless steel heat exchanger and the work of a stove maker you can already buy an excellent solid fuel boiler from well-known “brand” manufacturers.

Types of heat exchangers and their locations in a brick kiln

First of all, you need to decide what material the heat exchanger will be made of, which will be placed in a brick oven. There are several options, let's look at each of them:

• Copper heat exchangers are very effective, since the thermal conductivity of copper is one of the best, but inside brick kilns They are absolutely not allowed to be used. Why? The fact is that the melting point of copper is 1083 °C, and in the firebox it can rise to 1200 °C. With a constantly circulating coolant, the pipe temperature, of course, will not rise to such values, but who can guarantee that emergency situations will not arise. In addition, copper is very afraid of aggressive chemical compounds that abound in condensate.

• Cast iron heat exchangers have the advantage of having very high corrosion resistance. Their main drawback is their fragility and fear of sudden temperature changes. If it's hot cast iron heat exchanger run a portion of cold water, then temperature deformations lead to the formation of cracks and failure. Cast iron is difficult to process and is produced in the form of cast parts, which are then assembled with threaded elements through seals, which reduces their reliability. Some craftsmen use it as a heat exchanger cast iron radiators, but their effectiveness is low, except for washing dishes or taking a shower.

• Steel heat exchangers are the most common, since steel is an affordable and easily processed material. For the furnace heat exchanger, it is recommended to use heat-resistant steel with a wall thickness of at least 3 mm, and preferably 4-5 mm. It is better to choose seamless pipes. Unfortunately, steel is susceptible to corrosion, so you need to heat the furnace in modes that are least conducive to the formation of condensation, and never drain the coolant from the water jacket.

• Stainless steel heat exchangers are the best, but also the most expensive. Most widespread steel grade - AISI 304. It is better not to make these parts yourself, but to order their production at enterprises that have equipment for laser cutting of metals and welding in an argon environment. Then the quality of the seams will be as close as possible to the material of the pipe itself.

What is the heat exchanger made of?

Heat exchangers can be made from metal sheet, round or profile rectangular pipes and their combinations. Let's look at their main types.

• A heat exchanger made of sheet steel is usually located in the hottest place - right in the furnace firebox, it fits the walls and ceiling and at the same time it has holes for loading firewood and venting flue gases. It is made from a sheet 3-4 mm thick, and pipe sections with a diameter of 40-50 mm for the supply and return lines are welded on top and bottom. The internal gap in the heat exchanger should not be less than 3 cm - to prevent water from boiling. In this case, it is necessary to strictly ensure that the upper supply pipe is in the very top point heat exchanger, otherwise steam plugs may form in it, which, when released into the heating system, threaten with a hydraulic shock that can damage pipes or radiators.

• Heat exchangers made of pipes are also most often located in the firebox. To manufacture such heat exchangers, take tons of pipes with a diameter of 40-50 mm or profile rectangular pipes 40*60 mm, 60*60 mm. These are used to weld a spatial structure, which will be different in each individual furnace. The main thing is that the heat exchanger does not block the loading door and smoke channels.

• If the oven is used for cooking and has hob, then there are no heat exchangers in the upper part of the firebox; in this case, they should fit around the side surfaces.

• Very often, heat exchangers made of pipes in the form of flat registers are located in the furnace hood or in smoke circulation channels. They can remove less heat in these places, so they are usually of impressive size, but they work in milder conditions, so they can last longer. The main condition is that they should not interfere with the exit of flue gases. That is why their design is calculated in advance. It is strictly prohibited to install such heat exchangers in a ready-made furnace.

Calculation of the power and dimensions of the furnace heat exchanger

Naturally, for heating purposes, the power of the heat exchanger must be calculated. An incorrectly calculated water circuit will either not provide the required temperature in the rooms, or, conversely, if there is excess power in the rooms it will be like in the Sahara Desert and it will be very difficult to reduce the temperature, since it is very difficult to control the flame in a brick oven. How to do it right?

Heating must compensate for the heat loss of the house, so assessing them is the first thing to do. Such calculations are made by heating engineers. The calculation method has a rather complex algorithm and requires a large amount of initial data. It is quite difficult to make such calculations on your own, but practice shows that in most cases, for every 10 m 2 of house area, 1 to 1.2 kW of heating system power is required. In this case, the ceiling height should be from 2.5 to 2.7 m.

After calculating the heat loss, you can proceed to calculating the power of the water circuit itself (heat exchanger), which depends on the environment with what temperature it is located in and on its area of ​​​​contact with this environment. Practice shows that from each square meter heat exchanger can be “removed” on average 5-10 kWt of thermal energy. But we cannot be satisfied with approximate indicators, so we will calculate more accurately.

Obviously, the power of the entire heat exchanger will depend on its area S and a certain indicator - specific power Q, which reflects how much thermal energy a heat exchanger of a unit area of ​​1 m2 can provide: Q=S*Q.

Specific power is also a calculated value and can be calculated using a simple formula:

Q y =k*(Tm—t m), kcal/hour, where:

• k– heat transfer coefficient of the material per 1 °C. For steel used in heat exchangers k=12 kcal/hour .
• Tm– temperature of the heating medium (average), which is the arithmetic mean between the maximum and minimum temperatures. T m =(T max+Tmin)/2.
• t m– arithmetic mean of temperature in the water circuit. t m =(t under +t arr )/2, Where t under– temperature of the coolant at the outlet (supply) from the heat exchanger, and t arr.– inlet (return) temperature .

Let's assume that the stove runs on coal, then the average temperature in the firebox will be: Tm =(1000°C+600°C)/2=800°C. Let's take the coolant temperature: t m =(80°C+60°C)/2=70°C. Then the specific power of the heat exchanger will be: Q y =12*(800-70)=8760 kcal/hour. Let's convert calories to watts: 1 Watt = 859.85 cal, Means, Qу =8760000 kcal/859.85=10187.82 Watt≈10.2 kW. It turns out that theoretically 10 kW of thermal energy can be removed from one square meter of heat exchanger.

If firewood is used instead of coal, then, naturally, its calorific value is lower. The maximum and minimum temperatures in the firebox will be: Tmax =700° WITH , T min =300° WITH, Means Q y =12*(500-70)=5160 kcal/hour, what is in watts 5160000/859,85=6001,05 ≈6 kW. It turns out that when burning a stove with wood, it is possible to remove about 6 kW of thermal energy from 1 m2 of heat exchanger area located in the firebox.

Depending on the need for the amount of thermal energy, the required heat exchanger area can be calculated: S= Q/Q. Let's assume that 15 kW of thermal energy is needed to heat a house, which means that the area of ​​the heat exchanger that comes into contact with the hot medium in the combustion chamber should be 15/6=2.5 m 2. If the heat exchanger is made of steel sheet, then its area is easy to calculate, and if from round pipes, then the area of ​​each pipe is calculated: Str =2*π*D*l, Where D– diameter tr uby, and l– pipe length. The area of ​​rectangular pipes is calculated as their perimeter multiplied by their length. This is how you can calculate a heat exchanger that will satisfy the heating needs of your home.

Installation of a water circuit in a brick oven

Note important features installation of heat exchangers in a brick kiln:

• The heat exchanger must only be installed in a furnace specifically designed for this purpose. When reconstructing old furnaces, you need to contact specialists; they will make the necessary calculations and propose a heat exchanger design that will not interfere with the normal operation of the furnace.
• After manufacturing the heat exchanger, it must be pressurized with a pressure of 6 bar, both before installation in the furnace and after it is installed.

• Typically, heat exchangers are installed immediately after the furnace foundation is laid out, and only then the masonry is carried out.
• To compensate for thermal expansion, when installing the heat exchanger, it is necessary to leave a gap between it and the furnace walls of at least 10-15 mm. It is strictly prohibited to embed a heat exchanger into the body of the furnace.
• The exit points of the heat exchanger pipes do not need to be walled up with mortars. For pipes, a gap of 5 mm should be left, into which a heat-resistant seal, for example, an asbestos cord, is placed. The exit of the pipes from the furnace must be at least 10-15 cm, so that it is possible to re-cut the thread if it is damaged.
• The connection of the heat exchanger to the pipes of the heating system must be done only with heat-resistant seals.

Rules for operating a furnace with a water circuit

Not only are the calculations and the actual installation of the heat exchanger in the furnace quite labor-intensive and responsible operations, but for normal heating operation it is also necessary to comply with a set of rules:

• Under no circumstances should you operate the stove with empty heat exchangers, this will lead to their rapid burnout.
• It is prohibited to cut off the heat exchanger from the heating system while the stove is running. When water is heated, it expands in volume and pressure increases, which can even lead to an explosion. It's better not to put any shut-off valves at the outlets of the heat exchanger.

• Do not supply cold water to the heat exchanger when the oven is hot. Temperature deformations can damage it. The weakest point is the welds.
• To increase the efficiency of the heating system, it is better to use an appropriate capacity with a bypass.

• In the heating system, it is necessary to provide a tap at the lowest point to drain water from the system.
• If necessary, special antifreeze can be used in the water circuit of the furnace.

Construction of a heating and cooking furnace with a water circuit with your own hands

As has already been recommended by the authors of the article, it is better to use a ready-made and time-tested furnace design, which is described in detail in the famous book by Ya. G. Porfiryev “Furnace Works”. This heating device occupies a base area of ​​1020 * 1160 mm and has a height of 2380 mm. The water circuit heat exchanger has dimensions (750*500*350 mm), is made of sheet steel and is located in the firebox, so the hob is used only for heating food. According to the author of the design, the heat transfer into the water circuit is approximately 5.5 kW with a firebox twice a day, and with increased heating it can reach 18 kW, which allows heating rooms with a total area of ​​up to 180-200 m2.

List necessary materials and instruments

Image	Description of materials (stove appliances)	Quantity, pcs
	Red solid brick (excluding chimney)	710
	Fireclay fireproof brick SHA-8	71
	Fire door 210*250 mm	1
	Blower door 140*250 mm	1
	Ash pan cleaning door 140*140 mm	7
	Grate 250*300 mm	2
	Cast iron plate 710*410 mm	1
	Heat exchanger made of sheet steel 750*500*350 mm	1
	Furnace valve 130*250 mm	1
	Gate valve for cooking chamber 130*130 mm	1
	Steel strip:
	50*5*400 mm	1
	50*5*980 mm	2
	Steel corner 50*50*5*980	2
	Pre-furnace sheet 500*1000 mm	1

Work order

Before starting work on the construction of a furnace with a water circuit, it is necessary to carefully study the design of the furnace, look at it general form and how it looks in sections. This is all presented in the three subsequent figures.

After this, it is necessary to make a heat exchanger for the water circuit of the furnace, the drawing of which is presented in the following figure.

What should be considered when making a heat exchanger?

• The walls facing the fire are made of 5 mm sheet steel.
• The outer walls, which carry a lower thermal load, can be made of 3 mm steel.
• A gap of at least 50 mm wide must be left on the rear side for gases to escape from the firebox.
• The heat exchanger outlet (supply) is made of seamless steel pipe with a diameter of 40 mm, and it should be welded at the highest point.
• The other outlet (return) is made from the same pipe and welded at the lowest point of the heat exchanger.

The order of laying a furnace with a water circuit

Before laying the stove, it is necessary to build an appropriate foundation for it, but in this article we will not consider this issue, but will move on to the order. Before that, let's take a look at symbols which will be encountered in the future.

Drawing	Volumetric view	Additional view
1 continuous row of bricks is laid out. It is very important to maintain horizontality and rectangularity, since much will depend on this later. There are 36 red bricks in this row.
On the 2nd row masonry, the formation of the base of the ash chamber begins. A door measuring 140*250 mm is installed. 31 whole red bricks and one half are used.
Row 3 is laid according to the pattern. The number of bricks is the same as in the previous one - 31 red whole and half.
On the 4th row, the formation of the firebox begins, so 11 fireclay bricks and 21 red ones are already used. To install grate bars, cutouts are made in the SHA-8 brick.
At the stage of forming 4 rows, gratings are placed in the cut grooves. To compensate for thermal expansion, a gap of about 5 mm is left.
A heat exchanger (boiler) is installed at the bottom of the firebox
When laying the 5th row, a gap of 5-6 mm is left - for thermal expansion of the heat exchanger. left behind him free space, connecting to the horizontal channel. At the same stage, 2 doors 140*140 mm are installed - for cleaning the channel. 14 red and 3 fireclay bricks are used.
6th row. The horizontal channel is separated by the channel behind the boiler; the hole left in the previous row will increase the draft of the stove. The firebox door is installed on the same row. 15 whole red bricks and one half are used, as well as 1 fireclay.
According to the diagram, row 7 is laid out. 15 and ½ red and 2 fireclay bricks are used.
When laying the 8th row, the boiler firebox door is closed. For this, a strip of 50*5*400 mm is used. There are 11 and ½ red bricks and 6 fireclay bricks laid out in a row.
In row 9 the boiler supply pipe is released. The fireclay brick halves above the firebox door are cut at an angle. The horizontal channel is divided into two equal parts. 12 and ½ red bricks and 7 fireclay bricks are used.
On the same 9th row, above the firebox door, ¾ of the fireclay brick is cut diagonally downwards.
On the 10th row, the bricks are released inward, so the space above the boiler narrows. 3 red and 18 ½ fireclay bricks are used.
11 row. Bricks from the ends of the furnace are also released inside. Cutouts are made in the bricks for laying the cast iron hob. It is taken into account that the thermal gap must be at least 5 mm. Number of bricks used: 10 red and 16 ½ fireclay.
A cast iron stove is installed on the 11th row. In the place where there will be an opening into the cooking chamber, a corner of 50*50*980 mm is installed.
On row 12, the cooking chamber begins to form. You should pay attention to the fact that the cast iron cooking surface is removable - lifted by the front part and removed. 12 red and 5 fireclay bricks are used.
Row 13 is laid out according to the pattern, which uses 16 ½ red bricks.
In the 14th row, the vertical channel increases to the entire available width. To clean it, a door 140*140 mm is mounted. 14 ½ red bricks are used.
The 15th row is laid out similarly to the previous one according to the scheme, which ensures ligation of the seams. 14 ½ red bricks are used.
In the 16th row, the facade of the cooking chamber is covered with a steel strip 50*5*980 mm and a corner 50*50*5*980. Uses 15 red bricks.
The 17th row completes the covering of the facade of the cooking chamber; 18 ½ red bricks are used for this.
18th row. To completely cover the cooking chamber itself, two strips of steel 50*5*980 mm are mounted, and 19 red bricks are laid out according to the drawing.
Row 19 completes the covering of the entire cooking chamber. The remaining passage of half a brick is needed for exhaust hood. Recesses for the valve are cut in the passage. Uses 32 red bricks.
Row 19 is completed by installing a small chamber valve 140*140 mm.
Row 20 forms the base of the upper flues. To do this, halves are laid out according to the drawing, which will be the basis of subsequent partitions. For cleaning and inspection, 4 doors 140*140 mm are mounted. Laying this row requires 18 red bricks.
Row 21 continues the formation of partitions. It requires 17 ½ red bricks.
22 row. It requires 21 red bricks.
In the 23rd row, the upper flue ducts are divided into 4 channels. One of them (lower left in the drawing) will later be the main chimney, and the rest serve as a common hood, separated by partitions. Uses 24 red bricks.
Laying 24 rows requires 24 red bricks.
Laying the 25th row requires 23 ½ red bricks.
Laying the 26th row requires 23 ½ red bricks.
Laying the 27th row requires 23 ½ red bricks.
To lay the 28th row, 23 ½ red bricks are required.
Laying the 29th row requires 23 ½ red bricks.
In row 30, the unification of all smoke circulation channels begins, except the main one. Uses 20 red bricks.
Row 31 continues the combination of vertical channels. It requires 21 ½ red bricks.
Row 32 prepares the furnace ceiling. Uses 25 ½ red bricks.
Row 33 covers the oven. The main channel measuring 130*260 mm is left, 35 red bricks are used.
Row 34 covers the oven for the second time. To do this you need 37 red bricks. To install the main smoke damper, grooves are cut.
The smoke damper is installed and adjusted in place.
Row 35 completes the laying of the furnace body. A base is made for the chimney cap pipe. To do this you need 5 red bricks.

Video: Heating and cooking oven with a water circuit

Pitfalls of furnace water circuits

Such a tempting task as arranging a water circuit in a furnace is not as perfect as we would like, since this seemingly correct undertaking has its pitfalls. And the topic would not be fully disclosed if the authors kept silent about it. So, what can the owner of a stove with a water circuit for heating expect?

• First of all, such furnaces cannot be operated with an empty water circuit, as noted earlier. Let's imagine a situation where a family decides to visit a country house in winter for the weekend and light a stove or fireplace. The prudent owner, of course, drained all the water from the heating system in the fall, so it needs to be refilled. Inconvenience? Of course yes! It is not a fact that there is running water at the dacha, but a good antifreeze based on propylene glycol, poured into the system, costs a lot and can behave unpredictably in ovens. The temperature volumetric expansion of antifreeze is much higher than that of plain water, which is why the pressure increases like an avalanche.
• Another pitfall of operating stoves with a water circuit is that in the warm season, having lit a stove for cooking or a fireplace, the owners will have to put up with the fact that the batteries will also be hot, because it is impossible to operate the stove without water, and the excess heat in the summer is completely no need. What should I do? Possible option The solution to this problem is to install heat accumulator, which costs much more than even a very good solid fuel boiler. Another solution may be to install heating radiators somewhere in the attic or basement and summer time simply switch the water circuit to them, dumping excess heat and making a small contribution to global warming and melting Arctic ice. But again, these are unnecessary worries and expenses.
• Almost everything modern systems Heating is done with forced circulation of coolant, for which special pumps are used. This allows for more efficient heat transfer and the use of smaller diameter pipelines. And nothing prevents you from equipping the water circuit of the furnace with a circulation pump, a safety group, an expansion tank and other mandatory components of the system. But is it worth doing this? The big question is. Modern boilers have a safety-conscious design, tested high pressure, have protection. The occurrence of a dangerous emergency situation in the case of boilers, including solid fuel ones, is extremely unlikely, which cannot be said about homemade designs of stoves with a water circuit. The influence of the human factor in them is too great.

So, what conclusions can be drawn? Will a furnace with a water circuit become a full-fledged boiler? Never in my life! Yes, this is more than just a stove, but not yet a boiler. And vice versa - a boiler is unlikely to become a stove. These devices have different functions from each other, and their intersection may be economically unjustified, difficult to implement, and in some cases downright dangerous. It is cheaper and better to have a separate stove and boiler, then each of these devices can be implemented in all its glory without interfering with each other.

The ideal location for a water loop furnace from an engineering point of view

Is there such an ideal place where a stove or fireplace with a water circuit is realized in all its glory? Absolutely yes. Let's look at the picture, which shows a diagram of an energy-efficient house.

It can be seen that one of the main components common system heating and hot water supply of the house is heat accumulator, also called buffer capacity installed in the boiler room ground floor. It is a large capacity container (usually at least 500 liters) in which there are heat exchanger coils from various heat sources. This can be a gas or solid fuel boiler, solar panels, and, as can be seen from above drawing, there was also a place for a fireplace with a water circuit. Analysis of coolant for various purposes (radiator heating,warm floors) comes from this container. All “requests” are monitored by sensors with controllers and pumping groups.

Hot water is supplied from an internal tank, hermetically separated from the main tank. The water is heated through metal walls. If necessary, through special flanges into the internal tank with hot water a heating element can be installed, which “helps” at night, when reduced electricity tariffs apply. The body of the buffer tank is enclosed in powerful thermal insulation made of polystyrene foam with a thickness of at least 100 mm, which ensures minimal heat loss.

Heating systems based on buffer tanks have undoubted advantages:

• Thermal accumulator large volume absorbs excess heat that can be generated solid fuel boilers, as well as stoves with a water circuit or solar systems. This prevents overheating and extends the life of the equipment.
• A heating system with a buffer tank operates more stable, since it is not dependent on only one heat source.
• Application heat accumulator allows you to save up to 30% of energy resources.

The main disadvantages of systems with buffer capacity are their volatility and the very high price of equipment. Therefore, the use of a furnace with a water circuit, impeccable from the point of view of engineering science, may become completely unjustified from the point of view of common sense. Although, of course, such systems are the future. IN developed countries, where the state subsidizes the use of various alternative sources energy, such systems are already used quite widely.

Conclusion

To summarize the article, we can conclude that stoves with a water circuit can be used for heating a house, but with many reservations:

• It is best to use industrially manufactured stoves and fireplaces that are specially adapted for.
• When using a brick oven to heat the coolant, it is best to build from scratch a structure specially adapted and designed specifically for these purposes.
• Implementing a furnace and boiler in one design is a difficult task that has its pitfalls.
• The ideal location for furnaces with a water circuit is a heating system with a buffer tank.

There are many ways to heat a private home using gas and electricity. But despite the abundance of modern methods, stove heating is still relevant when arranging country houses and dachas.

Agree, nothing emphasizes the flavor of a Russian hut more than a wood-burning stove. In addition, solid fuel heating is considered one of the economical options.

The organization of a heating system begins with the selection of furnace equipment and determination of the type of heating circuit. We suggest you understand the structure and operating principles of water and air heating based on a furnace. For a better understanding of the issue, we have supplemented the material with diagrams and visual photographs.

The reason for the strong preference that owners of private houses give to the stove heating option is the availability of firewood, fuel briquettes or coal.

The disadvantage is the limited space to be processed, which can be eliminated by installing a water and air system based on a brick aggregate.

The specifics of heating low-rise buildings with a stove are presented in the photo selection:

Image gallery

Despite the presence of central or autonomous water heating, many owners of dachas and private houses cannot imagine their home without a real stove. Indeed, a stove can create comfort in any environment, and besides, having such an assistant, you don’t need to worry that for some reason it suddenly turns out that there is nothing to cook dinner or heat water with.

Heating stoves can be made of metal (most often cast iron) or made of brick. Which one should you choose? - this will depend on several criteria: the area of ​​the room in which it will be installed, financial opportunities and personal preferences of the home owner.

Brick heating stoves

Traditional and brick fireplaces have always been and remain the most popular for homes. This fact is not surprising, since such ovens combine essential functions, without which it is difficult for a person to do without even in dacha conditions - heating the house and maintaining a comfortable microclimate in it for a long time, cooking, heating water, drying clothes, preparing for the winter.

“Classics” are, of course, brick ovens

That is why, despite the emergence of more modern heating devices, many still prefer brick buildings. Their variety is great - a very large number of designs are known that differ from each other not only in size, but also in functionality. This variety allows you to choose the model that is most suitable for the specific area and interior of the house and meets the needs of the owners.

To understand the nuances of brick ovens, it makes sense to consider several of the most popular options. However, no matter what type is chosen, it must in any case efficiently heat the house, and one of the most important design conditions for performing this function is the size of the furnace combustion chamber. Having decided on this parameter, it will be possible to choose the stove itself, since any of them is designed with a certain calculation.

The required size of the combustion chamber must be in accordance with the heated area. In addition, the minimum cross-section of the chimney pipe directly depends on the size of the firebox. Behind starting point When choosing, you can use the following table:

Room area in sq. m	Portal volume in cubic dm (liters)	Fuel tank in mm					Chimney flow area in mm (minimum)
		Width furnace holes	Height furnace holes	Width rear walls fireboxes	Depth fuel cameras	Height neck
12	42	500	450	300	300	120	140×140
16	50	600	500-520	400	320	120	140×270
22	60	700	560-580	450	350	120	140×270
30	80	800	600-650	500	370-380	130	270×270
35	100	900	700	600	400-420	130	270×270
40	120	1000	750	700	450	140	270×270

Home stoves can be divided according to their functionality:

• Just heating stoves - for example, “Dutch”.
• – these are stoves with a stove and oven, for example, “Swedish”, Russian stove and others.
• Fireplace stoves - their functionality is clear from the name itself.
• Heating stoves for special purposes stand somewhat apart - these are sauna heaters, stoves for heating greenhouses, garages, and other outbuildings.

Dutch type heating stoves

“Dutch” is a heating stove, which is intended exclusively for heating rooms. This design can be quite compact and is perfect either for a small building, or as a second, additional stove in the house. It can be placed between two rooms; it will not only heat them effectively, but will also serve as a wall.

Dutch heating stove

“Dutch” came to Russia from Western Europe at the beginning of the 18th century and reliably took root in Russian huts. Since that time, Russian stove makers have significantly reconstructed the original model, since at first it did not have valves, and the heat went directly into the pipe. Complex channels have appeared in the internal structure of the stove, which help retain heat for a long time. In addition, some modernized “Dutch” models now have tanks for heating water and drying chambers.

The scheme of the traditional “Dutch” looks like this:

Typical Dutch pattern

You can find out how to properly fold this compact and easy-to-use by following the link to the corresponding publication on our portal. There you can also find recommendations for constructing a foundation for it, detailed instructions masonry with order diagram and other useful information.

"Swede"

The “Swedish” is a more rational design, since it, with compact dimensions comparable to the “Dutch”, initially includes such elements as a stove and a drying chamber, and sometimes even an oven.

Very functional Swedish stove

The diagram of a traditional “Swedish” stove looks like this:

Internal structure of the "Swedish"

Interesting historical facts - the original version of the “Swedish”, as can be understood from its name, was developed in Sweden by order of the government due to the need to save firewood, which was sorely lacking in winter period. Its authors were engineer Karl Johan Kronsted and General Fabian - they presented their project in 1767. The stove took root and became widespread not only in Sweden, but also in a number of other northern countries, one of which was Russia, where the “Swedish” began to gain popularity in late XIX. Before the advent of this model, fireplace-type stoves were most often built in Sweden, giving off little heat and requiring a large amount of fuel.

The Swedish design is perfect for small and large houses. Over the time since the appearance of the first such stove, various variations have appeared, from which you can choose the optimal one for the existing conditions of a country house.

You can find out for yourself by following this link to a special portal page dedicated to this particular topic.

Kitchen stove-stove

A kitchen brick stove-stove can easily be called the most economical in construction and compact in size option of all existing heating structures. However, such a stove-stove is designed only for heating the kitchen itself and cooking. Of course, it can be used to divide one large country room into two zones, organizing a kitchen in one of them, and something like a bedroom in the other. In this case, the rest room will be heated from the back of the stove for 10 ÷ 12 hours.

In addition, the advantages of this design include its relative lightness compared to other buildings, which means that such a stove does not require a massive and too deep foundation. The structure occupies a very small area - a little more than an interior partition with a table installed next to it.

There are also more massive models of stove-stoves that can be chosen if there is enough space for them in the house.

The stove-stove design is quite simple and can easily be done on your own. However, in order for the main work to be successful, the craftsmen recommend first laying the entire structure “dry”. This operation is necessary in order to get at least minimal practice and “fill” your hand, as well as understand the structure of each of the rows. In addition, it becomes possible to precisely adjust the bricks for subsequent masonry

"Ordering" the kitchen stove

It is produced in accordance with developed and more than once tested serial schemes. If this particular stove option is chosen, then you can find a large number of “orders” for rectangular and square-shaped structures, with and without a chamber around the stove, with an oven and with a water heating tank.

It is impossible not to mention the design features of a kitchen stove with a stove bench located behind or on the side. This option is perfect for a country house, since, one might say, one sleeping place will always be ready. Even if there is no need to warm up, since the nights are warm, the couch can be used as a bed - you just need to put a mattress and pillow on it.

If there is enough space in the house, and there is a desire to build such a structure, then the design of this stove will be not much more difficult than ordinary slabs Naturally, more material will be required for work, and more time will be spent on laying, but you can save on buying a bed and at the same time always have a place to dry wet clothes and shoes, fruits, vegetables and berries.

The layout of such a furnace can be clearly seen in the presented figure.

Prices for refractory bricks

Fire brick

Video: super-compact heating and cooking stove

Russian stove

A real Russian stove is a rather massive structure, requiring a large area for installation and a large amount of fuel for good heating. Previously, the stove occupied about half the area of ​​the hut, as it was the main element in the house - it not only fed the whole family, but also treated them, and also provided a cozy place to sleep. Shelves were built around it, on which sleeping places were arranged.

Today you can rarely find a real Russian stove in private homes, since it takes up a lot of space, requires a massive foundation, a large amount of material for masonry, and today hardly anyone will sleep on the stove or floors. But still, some owners of mansions choose this particular version of the heating stove to maintain their interior style, since it becomes not only a functional building, but also a decorative element of the interior.

The Russian stove looks good in a “rustic” interior style

If you have been dreaming about it, and the only thing missing is instructions for its construction, we recommend that readers follow the link. In the article that opens you will find not only detailed guide, but also a list of everything necessary for the masonry process, as well as a 3D order.

Stoves and fireplaces

The dream of many homeowners is to have a fireplace in their private home. However, they must clearly understand that in its “pure form” it low-functional and is only suitable for heating one small room. Usually, romantic people miss fireplaces, dreaming of spending cold evenings near an open fire, the opportunity to crackle with dry, fragrant wood. But, for example, for a country house this is not enough, since the fireplace will not provide the opportunity to cook food or bake bread, and the heat from it disappears very quickly.

For this case, a design was developed that combines a heating stove with a hob and oven, and a fireplace, which can be used separately.

Such a design can be either compact or quite massive. In some models, the fireplace insert is located on the side, in others - on the side opposite to the stove. The fireplace stove can be installed in such a way that its side with the stove and oven would face the side kitchen area, and the fireplace is in side recreation areas.

The diagrams of this structure are not too complicated, but it will be necessary to purchase a lot of additional metal elements.

To find out in more detail how the process goes, you need to refer to the article on our portal dedicated to this particular topic.

Types of brick kilns according to installation location

In addition to classifying brick stoves according to functionality, size and massiveness, they can also be divided according to the shape of the base and their location in the house. This is also an important criterion for choosing a particular model.

Furnaces based on the shape of their base can be:

- simply rectangular or rectangular with a protrusion in the form of a hob;

- square;

- round;

— triangular (trapezoidal), for location in the corner;

- T-shaped.

• Rectangular stoves can be installed near a wall, act as a wall, or stand in the middle of a room that needs to be divided into two different zones.

Rectangular stove dividing the room into two zones

In addition, a rectangular oven may have a protrusion in the form of a hob.

Any of the types of stoves described above can be rectangular. The structure can have massive or compact forms. The choice of the desired option depends on the area of ​​​​the premises and the capabilities of the owners.

• Square stoves can also be installed anywhere in the room. They are quite compact, although they can be quite multifunctional, and not only cope with space heating, but also have a water heating tank and a hob.

• A round stove can rarely be found in private homes in Lately, although it was quite popular before. This structure was often installed at the junction of three small rooms, and it not only warmed the neighboring rooms, but also added personality to the interior.

Round ovens are also often called “Dutch ovens”, since they have an internal structure identical to the original original design. Such a structure has an elegant appearance and does not take up much space, but is characterized by low functionality and does not retain heat for a long time. Therefore, if the house has only stove heating, then a round “Dutch stove” is often installed as a second stove in order to heat the premises faster.

• Corner oven can be called the most compact of all. Made with high quality, it will heat the room just as well as stoves of other shapes. However, usually a corner oven has only one function - heating. Of course, you can dry your shoes or clothes near it, but you cannot cook food or warm water.

The convenience of a corner stove lies in its compactness

If the goal is to build in one of the rooms, then it is best to replace it with a corner stove, which will look like a fireplace portal, but will give much more heat.

• A T-shaped stove does not have many functions, but it is capable of warming three rooms of the house at once, since in its rear walls there are special channels through which hot air passes during combustion.

This type of stove is, as it were, part of the wall, therefore, despite its massiveness, it does not occupy a large area. A compact oven or even a single-burner hob can be built into the design. A good option for choosing if you cannot manage without stove heating in three rooms of the house, but you need to save as much space as possible.

Cast iron heating stoves

Modern cast iron stoves often no less popular than brick ones, since in some of their qualities they even surpass massive buildings. These advantages include lower cost, compactness, elegant appearance, the ability to do without a massive foundation, and easy and quick installation.

Cast iron stoves have many advantages over brick stoves

If there is not enough space in the house for a brick stove, then you should opt for a cast iron one, especially since this metal has qualities that are ideal for heating appliances.

Its advantages include the following qualities:

• Cast iron heats up quickly as it has very good thermal conductivity. Thanks to this, the room is filled with heat in an extremely short time. The metal joint venture is special to withstand high temperatures, while not deforming, preventing T t cracks and, having heated up, due to its massiveness and heat capacity, it cools down for a long time, giving off heat to the room.
• Provided that the house is well insulated, the cast iron unit will operate with an efficiency reaching 80-85%. This circumstance allows you to save fuel, which means there will be no extra expenses. If you purchase a high-quality cast iron stove and install the chimney correctly, your fuel costs will be significantly reduced.
• Due to the resistance of the material to high temperatures, such stoves will last a very long time, without creating significant problems for the home owner during operation. Minimum guarantee period active service installed by manufacturers on similar heating devices, is at least 10 years.
• Cast iron stoves are often equipped with heat-resistant glass doors with a built-in self-cleaning effect. They can be located either in the center of the front panel of the stove, or offset to one side and even on the side walls.
• In addition, if you choose a stove lined with ceramic coating, the duration of effective heat transfer will be even longer, that is, the heat in the room will remain longer.
• Any of the cast iron stoves are perfect for installation in a home of any size, as they take up very little space.

They are produced in four varieties: heating stoves, heating and cooking stoves, fireplace stoves and sauna stoves.

Heating cast iron stoves

Heating cast iron stoves work only to provide the house with heat. Thanks to the transparent door made of fireproof glass, you can watch the play of flames while sitting in a cozy chair on quiet evenings.

Cast iron heating stove

Unlike brick stoves, cast iron stoves take up very little space, and will look great in a small room in a house or cottage.

The stove is easy to install and does not require special strengthening of the base on which it will be installed. Many models are equipped with a niche for storing firewood, which allows you to always have dry fuel on hand.

Heating and cooking cast iron stoves

Heating and cooking stoves have one or two burners, and sometimes also an oven, which allow you to cook food, heat water and bake bread or pies. These functions are simply necessary in a summer cottage - they allow you to save on electricity, and if it is completely absent or is supplied with frequent interruptions, then the stove simply becomes an indispensable assistant.

A heating and cooking stove is also more efficient when heating a room, since the heat comes not only from the body, but also from the stove and oven. Even a kettle heated on the stove will also serve as a source of heat for some time.

Cast iron fireplace stoves

Cast iron fireplace stoves equipped with glass doors that can be opened if desired to admire the open fire. Or you can keep it closed, then the device will largely perform the functions of a stove and effectively heat the room. A fireplace stove differs from a conventional heating stove in the larger size of its combustion hole.

Some fireplace stoves have a built-in oven, which is very useful when living in the country for a long time. If the oven has such a function, then all you need to do is take the necessary baking products with you to the countryside, and you can enjoy your own aromatic bread or pies every day with berries own dacha. An oven wouldn’t hurt in urban environments either, since it has long been noted that products cooked in a wood-burning oven are much more aromatic and tastier than in an electric or gas oven.

Cast iron fireplace stoves are produced in different forms. They can be not only rectangular and square, but also round or trapezoidal - corner. Therefore, you can always choose the right option, depending on the size of the room and the planned installation location.

Sauna stoves

To heat baths, special ones are made, in which there is a place for laying stones. When fired, they can become red-hot, as they say, releasing dry heat into the steam room. And if desired, just splash a little cold water or herbal decoction on them - and the room will be filled with fragrant, healing steam.

In more modern models of heaters, special steam generators, which are capable of filling the room with steam in 12 ÷ 15 minutes after the furnace is flooded. There may also be special dispensers that ensure constant and uniform steam generation.

Several examples of manufactured cast iron stoves

At the end of the article - a small top review of popular cast iron heating stoves.

Stove-fireplace "Normandy"

The heating stove of the Russian company Meta has a neat and aesthetic appearance. The weight of this device is 170 kg, so it can easily be installed on a second floor of a two-story private house. The height of the furnace is 736, the width is 756, the depth of the firebox is 445 mm, and the diameter of the pipe is only 150 mm. The power of the furnace is 12 kW, thanks to which it is capable of heating rooms with a volume of up to 240 m³, almost without “stealing” the usable area.

Stove-fireplace "Normandy"

The stove has a classic black color, which allows it to fit into any interior - it will look organic with furniture of any shade. The panel on the top of the stove allows you to cook lunch, heat water or brew coffee.

« Ambra"

This fireplace stove from the famous Polish company Eurokom has a retro design, which gives it a special appeal. The stove is produced in black or bronze color, so it will easily match any color scheme interior The characteristics of the furnace are as follows:

— height 730, depth 400, width 520 mm;

— weight – only 75 kg;

— thermal power is 9 kW;

— heated volume – 140÷150 m³;

— Efficiency – 70%;

— chimney diameter — 1 50 mm.

The “Ambra” fireplace stove is one of the leaders in popularity

The hob is equipped with a lid with a through openwork pattern. It not only decorates the device, but also serves protective screen walls from splashes of food cooking on the panel.

The glass of the furnace has an additional fence in the form of a lattice, which also serves as a decorative decoration for it. There is a glass blowing function, and a long-term fuel burning mode is provided - from one load - up to 10 hours.

Thanks to its outstanding characteristics and compactness, the stove has become a top seller in recent years.

Stove-fireplace "Bavaria - Prismatic" with stove

This popular model from the Russian company Ecofireplace is a full-fledged kitchen stove, even resembling an electric or gas stove in its appearance. It has a comfortable height, so you don’t have to bend over while preparing food.

Extremely convenient and very functional Bavaria-Prismatic fireplace stove

The stove has a niche for firewood, which allows it to dry if placed in it in advance.

The device is also equipped with a protective screen for cooking oven, It has glass door, extending onto the side walls, which gives a more extensive, panoramic view of the fire. In addition, the glass walls are equipped with a special blower that protects the glass from carbon deposits, leaving it always clean.

The oven quickly warms up the room, while simultaneously making it possible to fully cook food. Its side walls are lined with ceramic panels, which help retain heat for a long time.

The fireplace stove has the following characteristics:

— height 945, depth 550, width 710 mm;

— chimney diameter – 200 mm;

— Efficiency – 80–85%;

- the stove is capable of heating a room of 260 ÷ 275 m³ thanks to its high thermal power - 14 kW.

The stove does not take up much space, so it is perfect even for a small kitchen. At the same time, logs up to 500 mm long can be placed in it, and the long-burning mode allows loading once every 5 ÷ 7 hours

Video: stove fireplace for home and garden Sofia in tiles

Prices for fireplaces and stoves

Fireplaces and stoves

When thinking about additional or main heating for your home, you need to calculate all the pros and cons of a particular device. Everything needs to be assessed - dimensions, thermal power, and cost of materials or finished product, and the complexity of installation or construction. The final decision is up to the homeowners.

Warmth in the house is one of the most important factors of coziness and comfort. Nowadays, there are many ways to heat a home, and every year this list is updated with new technologies and developments. However, old and proven methods do not fade into the background. Stove heating with a water circuit is one of the old and proven ways to create warmth and comfort in your home. It combines the advantages of two methods at once: stove and water heating, which significantly increases efficiency. In this article you will find necessary diagrams and instructions for building such a stove yourself.

Heating Features

Conventional stove heating is characterized by uneven distribution of heat - there is always intense heat near the stove itself, and the further away from the stove, the cooler it is. The water circuit makes it possible to evenly distribute the heat generated by the stove throughout the entire area of ​​the house. Thus, with the help of one stove, several rooms of the house are heated at once. Such a stove operates on the principle of a solid fuel boiler, but in addition to heating the coolant and water circuit, the stove also heats the walls and smoke channels, which play a significant role in heating.

The main structural element is a heat exchanger, most often called a coil. It is installed directly into the firebox, and the entire water heating system is connected to it.

Advantages of stove heating

Disadvantages of stove heating with a water circuit

Advice. If heating with a water circuit is installed in country house, in which no one lives regularly, especially in winter, then in order to avoid freezing of the water in the circuit, it is better to use an antifreeze liquid.

Principle of operation

The principle of operation of heating with a water circuit is quite simple. The water is directed to a heat exchanger located in the firebox of the furnace, where it is heated by the combustion of fuel. Next, the hot water is distributed over the radiator batteries, where it gives off its heat and, when cooled, returns back to the coil.

Installation and installation of equipment

Is it possible to make stove heating with a water circuit with your own hands? Perhaps if you already have experience in arranging stoves or laying bricks. First of all, you need to prepare the most important structural element - the heat exchanger. It can be bought in specialized stores, and can also be made from pipes or sheet iron. Self-construction of a stove gives you the opportunity to show your imagination and build your own version of the stove, which will take into account all the needs and features of your home.

Attention. Stove heating is potentially dangerous, so design and installation must be entrusted to specialists if you do not have sufficient skills.

Creating such a heating system is possible in two ways:

• installation of a heat exchanger and subsequent laying of the furnace;
• installation of a coil in an operating furnace.

The second method is considered more labor-intensive, since to implement it it is necessary to disassemble the firebox, and installing a coil in it will significantly reduce its size.

Installation requirements

The thickness of the water layer in the heat exchanger should exceed 4 cm, since with a smaller thickness the water will boil.

The walls of the coil must be at least 5 mm, and if coal is used, even thicker. Failure to comply with the thickness can lead to burning of the walls.

Under no circumstances should the heat exchanger be mounted close to the firebox wall. Leave at least 2 cm. This space is necessary for thermal expansion of the coil.

Particular attention must be paid to the fire safety of the system. There must certainly be air gaps between the stove and the wooden partitions, since overheating of wooden structures is the first cause of fires. It is best to line it with brick or other fire-resistant materials.

Furnace heat exchangers

The diagram shows one of the coil options. This type of exchanger is good to place in heating and cooking stoves, because its structure easily allows you to place a stove on top.

In order to reduce the labor intensity of the manufacturing process, you can make a few changes to this design and replace the upper and lower U-shaped pipes with a profile pipe. Besides, vertical pipes are also replaced with rectangular profiles if necessary.

If a coil of a similar design is installed in ovens where there is no hob, then to increase the efficiency of the exchanger, it is advisable to add several horizontal pipes. Treatment and removal of water can be done from different sides, it depends on the design of the furnace and the design of the water circuit.

Sheet steel coils

The steel thickness for this type of exchanger must be at least 5 mm. The design also uses a 60 x 40 mm profile and 50 mm pipes, which serve for water inlet and outlet. The size of the exchanger depends directly on the length of the firebox of your stove.

If a steel exchanger is planned to be built into a heating and cooking stove, then it would be more expedient to build the structure in such a way that the hot gas flows around the top shelf of the exchanger and exits into the smoke circuit located in the front part of the coil. In this case, you can install a hob above the coil.

In addition, there is an option to make a heat exchanger from sheet steel in the form of a book, connecting the walls of the exchanger with pipes or a profile. In this case, the register does not have a top shelf, and for better circulation, connecting pipes can be added at the top of the register. Deposits and withdrawals can be made both on the back of the exchanger and on the side wall.

In this case, the hob can be placed directly above the surface of the register.

How to install a water circuit

Installation occurs in the same way as installation with any other heating system. The only point that needs to be taken into account is that the “return” for stove heating is located higher.

There are three types of coolant circulation:

Furnace installation

The installation of the stove is usually entrusted to a specialist, because without experience it is unlikely that it will be possible to put together a competent structure on your own.

The size of the stove depends on the area of ​​the house - than bigger house, the larger the oven should be. If the weight of the stove exceeds 750 kg, then a special foundation must be prepared in the place where it will be laid. The pedestal of the stove must be separated from the main foundation by a gap filled with sand. It is also important to properly insulate the floor in this part.

Stove heating with a water circuit is one of the most practical and cheap solutions for heating a private home. For all its efficiency, installation of such a system does not require large material costs, in addition, this type of heating can add zest to the design of your home.

Construction of a brick kiln with a water circuit: video

Oven with a water circuit: photo

Stove heating of a private home is still popular in many regions of the country. Previously, several stoves were installed in different rooms for better heating. But in this case, a large amount of solid fuel is consumed. Currently, many have been developed modern designs stoves with different types of heating. All you have to do is choose the option that suits you.

Create cozy atmosphere in your home using stove heating

Selecting a heating system

A small, well-insulated house with 1-2 rooms can be heated with one heating and cooking stove made of brick. For a larger building, you need to decide what type of heating system to choose so that one stove heats the entire house. Steam, water or air circuits can be used for this. In a one-story building, the system can be connected to a brick stove. For a two- or three-story house, the best option is a stove-boiler made of cast iron.

Heating a house without gas:

You need to decide on the type of fuel. It can be firewood, coal, peat, gas, diesel fuel, electricity. This choice determines what type of stove to purchase or make yourself.

Brick oven

A stove is not only a home heating device, but also a decorative element.

In a small house, you can install one stove, which will require wood or coal to fire it. Modern stove heating of a private house provides many types of heating structure designs. You should choose one that is intended not only for heating the room, but also for cooking. Before installing the stove, you need to choose a suitable place so that its use is as efficient as possible:

1. The firebox should be directed towards the corridor or kitchen, and the heated surfaces should be directed towards the rooms. When designing a stove, you should know that 1 m² of its area heats up to 30 m² of room.
2. You cannot place furniture near the stove or install partitions, and do not build the stove in the corner of the room. Its large wall should go into the living quarters, then they will always be warm.
3. The design of the stove should be chosen according to its purpose. They are used only for heating the room or also for cooking. In this case, you should take into account the hob and oven

It should be taken into account that a large oven takes much longer to cool down. If you heat it well in the evening, the heat will remain until the morning.

Heating stove:

Construction of a furnace structure

The stove structure is erected during the construction of the house, but the foundation is built separately from the general foundation. You can install a stove in an already built house, but then you will need to raise part of the floor and make holes in the ceiling and roof to install the chimney.

Detailed furnace laying:

The size and depth of the foundation depends on the type of furnace structure. It is erected immediately after the construction of the general foundation of the house. For a brick oven, it should be monolithic reinforced concrete, 10-15 cm larger than its parameters on each side. It is required to observe the depth size - from 0.5 m to 1 m. If the soil is loose, or groundwater is close, you do not need to deepen the foundation, but increase its area.

To build a stove, you should use well-burnt red brick. When tapped, it gives off a metallic sound. If it falls, it breaks into large pieces. It is easy to work with, as it can be broken correctly. The areas of the stove in contact with the fire are lined with refractory bricks (the firebox and part of the chimney).

The mortar for laying the stove is mixed from clay and sand. You will need approximately 2 buckets of clay per 1.5 buckets of sand. Brick consumption - 100 pieces. For masonry strength, Portland cement is added to the solution (0.5 liters per bucket).

Detailed furnace laying:

Room heating process

A well-thought-out stove design in a private home determines efficient heating premises. Solid fuel (usually wood or coal) is burned in a combustion chamber with air supply. Natural craving promotes the movement of flue gases through the channels to the vertical exhaust passages, from where they exit outside. During this time they warm up brick walls stove, and the heat from the hot stone spreads throughout all rooms.

For good heating, 1-2 fireboxes per day are enough. At the same time, do not forget to set the valves in a certain position in time and remove the ash from the ash pit. The stove’s sufficient heat capacity and good insulation of the house allow it to be heated once a day - this is a fairly common option.

A well-thought-out stove design in a private home determines the quality of heating of the room

Positive and negative characteristics

There are many good things about stove heating, but there are also negative aspects. When considering the feasibility of such heating, you need to weigh the pros and cons. Positive points:

1. The cost of constructing and maintaining a furnace is several times less than that of furnaces with contour heating systems.
2. The combustion process does not depend on gas, water, electricity, and firewood is always publicly available and has a reasonable price.
3. Since there is no coolant liquid, there is no danger of the pipes defrosting. Therefore, this type of heating is perfect for country houses with non-permanent residence.
4. Existence various designs: with cooking function, with oven, dryer, fireplace.

Although stove heating is autonomous, it requires caution and attention on the part of the owners. It is necessary to observe safety when heating the room. There are also such disadvantages:

1. Takes up a lot of space in the central part of the house (about 2 m²).
2. After the stove structure has completely cooled down, it takes time to warm it up and distribute heat throughout the house.
3. Inability to automate processes.
4. The need to prepare firewood in advance.

You can adjust the temperature by increasing the number of fireboxes. For example, instead of one long morning session, make two short ones - in the morning and in the evening.

Heating water circuit

A brick stove can heat more area if, during its construction, a heat exchange structure is installed near the firebox. In it, the water is heated and begins to circulate in the heating system, which branches throughout the house. It is advisable to install a water pump that accelerates the movement of water in the system.

Fireplace with water heating circuit:

The heat exchanger pipes are led out of the furnace to the outside, and a heating system is connected to them, into which water is poured. In this case, water is the coolant. Typically, plastic pipes are used to connect to the circuit.

A membrane or expansion tank is also built into the heating system. When heated, water expands and its excess flows into the tank, stretching the membrane inside it. The water cools, the pressure in the system drops, and the water returns to the circuit pipes.

Air system

Air stove heating of a house can also be made using a brick stove. The air is heated to the required temperature in a boiler or heat exchanger and supplied to the room. Passing through air ducts or entering directly into the room, hot air evenly heats the home. For transmission larger volume The air chamber should be installed above the firebox. Air circulation is provided by fans or due to different densities of hot and cold air. With the help of forced circulation it is possible to regulate the temperature in the rooms.

Air heating:

Steam circuit

Steam can also be used as a coolant. Many people call water heating steam, confusing one with the other, although there are differences between them. When using steam, heat transfer is higher, the room warms up much faster. In this case, the pipes are not filled with water, and their diameter is smaller than with water heating, which means cost savings. The system starts up faster, even if it has not been running for a long time.

There is also a negative side - it has a short service life. Also, steam heating is difficult to regulate; rooms are heated unevenly.

Another unpleasant moment is when pipes and radiators fill with steam, causing unpleasant noise in the system. In addition, the pipes heat up so much that you can get burned by touching them. Therefore, this heating method is recommended for use in utility rooms, garages, warehouses.

Stove heating of a two-story house:

Steel with a simple firebox structure

The “Gnome” potbelly stove, made of steel and heated with wood or briquettes, is popular. Such heating design capable of warming a house up to 95 m³. There are several models of this stove: there are removable burners, others have a solid panel built in.

The furnace has two chambers: a combustion chamber and a blower chamber. The doors on the “Gnome” are made of glass or steel. A drawer is equipped to collect ash. The walls and grate are made of high quality steel. Heat-resistant paint is used to cover the body, which protects the metal from corrosion. Thanks to its compact size, it can be used in small spaces.

Steel stove for home:

You don’t have to build a foundation for such a potbelly stove, but install it directly on the floor, having previously laid a sheet of metal (5 mm) for fire safety or a sheet of asbestos. The device matches it vertical connection to the chimney.

The disadvantage of a potbelly stove is that the hot air immediately goes into the pipe, therefore, its steel body does not heat up for a long time and cools down quickly. Therefore, to maintain heat in the room, you will have to heat it almost constantly, especially if the house is not insulated enough and it’s winter outside.

The “Gnome” potbelly stove is the best option for a country house when you need to cook food, heat water, or warm the house on cold nights.

Very reliable and economical system heating:

Cast iron with water circuit

Cast iron stoves for heating a private house with a water circuit have different capacities and are used for heating both small and large areas. Some of them are capable of heating even two- and three-story houses. The heating circuit design system is the same as for brick kilns. They are made of cast iron.

Some of them are equipped with electric heating. If the temperature in the firebox drops, the heating is automatically turned on. This function allows you to maintain the required temperature in the heating system. There are boiler stoves designed for a dual-circuit heating system, that is, in addition to heating the room, they also heat water for consumption.

Nowadays, there are still many streets and villages without gas supply, so stove heating still remains relevant and indispensable. The main thing is to have firewood in stock and keep the fire burning in the stove.

Finnish heating method: