Heating systems are constantly being improved. Designers are developing more and more efficient, economical, beautiful and convenient devices. Radiant heating is one of the newest technologies. Radiant heating systems have appeared on the market relatively recently, but have already proven themselves well. The principle of operation is based on heating objects with radiant energy, and the objects, in turn, transfer heat to the air in the room. The infrared energy source can be powered from the mains or run on gas, heating elements placed in panels or multilayer film.
Types of Radiant Heating Systems
There are film radiant electric heaters (PLEN) and panel ones. The former operate exclusively on electricity, while the latter, depending on the type, can operate on both electricity and gas. Electrical systems are usually installed in private houses and apartments, because... they are considered safer. Gas radiant heating (abbreviated as GLO) is well suited as a heating system for industrial premises, warehouses, hangars, and spacious workshops.
Installation of panel radiant heating in a private house
PLEN consists of two layers of polymer, between which resistors are placed, which, when heated, transfer thermal energy to aluminum foil. Radiation from the foil coating heats objects. Typically, the width of the film heater does not exceed 30 cm, thickness – 1 mm. Heating temperature – up to 450 degrees. Specific parameters depend on terms of reference, according to which the desired power of the heaters is determined.
Radiant heating can be water or electric. The heat sources in this case are the surfaces inside which there are pipes with hot water, or metal panels with infrared heaters. Floor water heating widespread and known as underfloor heating systems. Installation of this type of heating is quite complicated, so many consumers are looking for an alternative and choosing electric infrared panels.
Scheme of operation of a panel heating system
Film radiant heating systems
Film heaters are very compact, practical and convenient. The systems are equipped with thermostats or GSM controllers. It takes no more than an hour to warm up the room, but local thermal comfort zones are created almost immediately after turning on the devices, because They heat primarily objects and people. In temperature maintenance mode, the heaters turn on every hour for approximately 10 minutes. This ensures economical energy consumption.
Electrical systems Heating systems themselves are expensive, but with rational operation you can significantly reduce costs. If the room is non-residential and does not need to constantly maintain a high temperature, then a good solution would be to operate the system in low-temperature mode.
Film heater design
Where is PLEN installed?
The scope of application of film systems is very extensive. Heaters are installed in premises for any purpose:
- apartments, houses, country houses;
- heated balconies, loggias;
- industrial buildings;
- warehouses;
- offices;
- shops, shopping pavilions;
- restaurants, cafes;
- hotels;
- medical, treatment and preventive institutions.
For residential premises and those in which people are constantly present, film heating is used not only as the main one, but also as additional system heating In addition, PLEN is also used for other purposes. For example, in car body painting rooms, heaters are installed to speed up the drying of painted parts.
How the PLEN system works
Advantages of film systems and limitations in their use
Heaters can be installed in new and reconstructed buildings. Their advantages:
- compactness, light weight;
- relative ease of installation;
- stylistic neutrality;
- durability;
- eco-, fire safety.
Despite all these advantages, PLEN systems also have significant limitations in use. Installation in a city apartment is often impractical, because... the owner inevitably heats not so much his own living space as the neighboring apartments. The device heats all surfaces - floor, ceiling, walls, and part of the energy is spent on heating adjacent rooms. The problem is partially solved with the help of a heat insulator. Another significant disadvantage is the high cost. electric heating. Conventional water heating radiators are much cheaper.
Electric panel radiant heating
Panel radiant heating systems are installed in residential premises, offices, and retail outlets. The heaters do not dry out the air, are convenient and compact.
Types of heating electric panels
There are the following types of panels:
- Ceramic
These are “hybrid” devices that work as emitters and convectors at the same time. External surface is a glass-ceramic panel, and the back is a heat-accumulating element that provides natural convection. The heater consumes a relatively small amount of electricity to operate, while the heat transfer coefficient is high.
- Wall panels "STEP"
This metal constructions 2 cm thick, inside of which there is a nichrome wire. The device is equipped with a reflective thermal insulation layer. Wall panels are classified as energy-saving heaters. They are safe and can be installed in premises of any purpose as primary, backup or additional heating. They are not recommended for installation in buildings with a ceiling height of more than 3 m.
- Wall, floor, ceiling panels"EINT"
Energy saving heating devices reliable and safe. Long-wave infrared radiation has a positive effect on human health, so heaters of this type are suitable for children's rooms. There are “vandal-proof” models that are installed in public places. Heating is carried out exclusively with the help of radiation; there are no convective elements, due to which dust spreads less.
Heating panels in a retail outlet
Do-it-yourself electrical panel installation
Simplicity of installation and ease of operation are important advantages of the heating system. Installing wall panels is so simple that anyone can handle this work, even if he has no experience in construction and repair work. In addition to the device, the kit includes fastening elements and installation instructions. Usually you don't have to buy anything extra.
Work order:
- Choose a place to hang the structure. Most often, heaters are located near the coldest areas (under windows, next to doors) and those areas that require a special thermal regime (for example, near a crib, desk, etc.).
- Drill holes in the wall for fastenings.
- Fix the fasteners and hang the heater on them.
- Connect the device to the network.
- Make sure it works and is securely fastened.
Procedure for installing wall heating panels
For residential premises, mainly film and panel infrared heaters are used. Gas radiant heating is more suitable for installation in spacious production premises With high ceilings and good ventilation, because combustion products may enter the air. Gas systems usually installed in showrooms of car dealerships, warehouses, and workshops. Each system has its own advantages. When choosing, you should be guided by the needs of the owner of a particular premises.
Video: how a radiant heating system works
With the help of radiant heating, a person's level of thermal comfort is achieved faster. The concept of thermal comfort means that the degree of warmth of the environment is satisfactory for normal life. However, often the ambient temperature is insufficient, but a person still feels cozy and comfortable. As a clear example, let us draw an analogy with the principle of the influence of the Sun on a person.
The effect of radiant heating is similar to the sensations of a walk on a sunny winter day. On the street subzero temperature, the air is winter-cold. However, a person feels comfortable because the sun begins to shine.
How Radiant Heating Works
With traditional heating systems or when using an air heating system, unlike heating systems with gas infrared radiators, warm air goes up. Let us recall that convection is the movement of an air mass or movement in the volume of any gas or liquid. That is, heated and lighter layers of air are displaced by cold and heavier ones. The warm layer of air also rises, giving way to a cooler layer of air.
Let's try to trace the differences between a radiant heating system and a traditional or convection heating system. Traditional system heating rooms using batteries as an intermediate heat source is well known to us since childhood. This type of heating uses the principle of convection. For the convection effect to work, the batteries must be located at the bottom, not at the top. This is why you need to do this physical phenomenon. The fact is that warm layers of air are displaced by cold ones from the lower part of the room. If you place the heating element at the top, this phenomenon will not occur. Thus, in order to completely warm up the room, a fairly large amount of time is needed. Gas infrared emitters solve this problem because things are different with radiant heating. Warm air practically does not accumulate at the top of the room. With small losses, electromagnetic energy is converted into heat in the lower part of the room.
Gas infrared emitters in radiant heating
Artificial radiant heating implemented in practice using devices such as gas infrared emitters. Such heating system is a thermal device located in the upper part of the room. When the heating starts working, the devices emit electromagnetic waves into space.
Gas infrared emitters used in rooms with a ceiling height of at least 4 meters. Heat at radiant system heating does not rise upward, but, on the contrary, is distributed below the room, which is important for creating comfortable conditions V work area[at 2.5 m from the floor].
Types of gas infrared emitters
- Gas radiators of the “light” type are most often used for heating industrial premises, the peculiarity of which is high ceilings. Such parts of the space have a high air exchange, so the use of convection heating systems in them is impractical. In rooms with high ceilings, radiant heating with gas radiators of the “light” type is the most effective method heating
“Light” gas emitters operate on natural or liquefied gas. When burning gas-air mixture in the holes ceramic tiles, the temperature on the surface of the device reaches 950 o C. The degree of radiation is quite high, so heat transfer occurs in a very short time. Special anti-corrosion materials are used for the device body, which significantly extends the life of the gas emitter.
- Gas emitters of the “dark” type. The radiating element in such emitters is metal pipes. The temperature on the surface of such emitters reaches an average of 400 o C. The peculiarity of devices of this type is that for their operation it is necessary to remove combustion products using air ducts.
Radiant heating- achievement modern science, which can and should be used. We will give several examples undeniable advantages this type of heating in order to completely dispel all doubts.
So, the undoubted advantages of radiant heating include:
- The absence of convection ensures that dust and other volatile substances do not float in the air. This fact is important for people sensitive to allergens.
- Significant cost savings due to low costs and low cost of gas fuel.
- When operating gas emitters, the amount of combustion products released does not violate the permissible limits sanitary standards Therefore, radiant heating can rightfully be called environmentally friendly and safe.
Roughly speaking, the Sun can be said to exist in nature radiant heating providing thermal comfort. The feeling of thermal comfort is important in working conditions, which is why gas infrared emitters are used. Science has proven: a person located in the thermal comfort zone shows significantly top scores work than someone who freezes at work. No wonder. The body is designed in such a way that when a person is cold, more kilocalories are expended. In a person who expends energy to keep warm, most of the energy is used not for work. This has a detrimental effect on labor productivity. The goal of enterprise managers is to choose optimal system heating to ensure comfortable production conditions.
Children, infants and, in some circumstances, adults need help maintaining their body temperature. This is equally applicable both for the rehabilitation of postoperative patients and for a small child in case of a long examination.
Being the most vulnerable, newborns and premature babies have the greatest need for warmth and protection. Their metabolism is underdeveloped and they are very sensitive to temperature changes and other external influences. All of these patients require an effective and safe heat source.
Efficient heating - Individual selection of intensity
The Ceramotherm 2000 radiant heater provides patients with efficient heating and safety. Heating using invisible infrared rays does not distort the patient's skin color, allowing a correct clinical examination.
Requirements for the degree of heating vary from patient to patient. Physical state such as shock or fever, has important. For this reason, doctors and nursing staff can select the radiation intensity according to the patient's needs.
The parameters of the selected radiation intensity and the actual radiation intensity are displayed in mW/cm2. The staff has the opportunity to regularly monitor the patient’s physical parameters and adjust the degree of radiation (heating) accordingly. The patient's response to changes in heat therapy contributes to accurate diagnosis and successful treatment.
Highest level of security
In case of prolonged exposure at high radiation intensity, there may be a risk of hyperthermia. As a result, after a certain heating period, the heater automatically reduces the radiation level to safe level and communicates the situation to nursing staff through visual and audio alerts.
When high intensity radiation is required, the user can turn off the alarm and the heater will continue to operate at high intensity for the next period of time. If patients are under continuous monitoring, the automatic intensity reduction can be temporarily disabled.
Radiant heaters, which are mounted on walls or ceilings and are height adjustable, turn off the heat when the heater is moved below the minimum allowable distance.
When the device is turned off, residual heat will be reflected on the display until the heating elements cool down.
Uniform arrangement of protected heating elements
Ceramic heating elements with for a long time services provide stable and cozy heating with low energy consumption. They do not form scale and are resistant to liquid droplets. Compared to traditional heating coils, ceramic heating elements are replaced much less frequently.
Anti-glare recessed light
Two lamps daylight illuminate evenly workplace without blinding the patient.
Application
- Swaddling babies
- Survey
- Heating in the operating room
Heaters are available with two radiator sizes
Application
- Postnatal care in the maternity ward
- Swaddling babies
- Survey
- Heating in the operating room
Ceramotherm 2000 neonatal heaters are mounted to the wall or ceiling at a distance of 650 to 900 mm from the patient. Bearing in mind the external and structural conditions, optimal location can be selected using a wide range of wall and ceiling fasteners.
Fixed position above the patient's bed
For suspended ceilings: Distance to the main ceiling no more than 300 mm
Movable position above the patient's bed
rotation on hinges in a horizontal plane, with a locking device
Various Location Options
 |
Rotation on hinges in a horizontal plane, with a locking device | ||
| Ceramotherm 2100 Bracket 480 mm |
Order No. WY 2102 |
Tilt adjustment ±30° Vertical adjustment |
|
| Ceramotherm 2100 Bracket 600 mm |
Order No. WY 2103 |
||
| Ceramotherm 2200 Bracket 480 mm |
Order No. | ||
| Ceramotherm 2100 Bracket 600 mm |
Order No. WY 2203 |
||
Mount with height adjustment
For certain applications, heaters must be installed to allow sufficient freedom of movement for the patient or to warm a specific part of the body. To heat moving beds, as well as height-adjustable examination beds, a height-adjustable heater with a large hinged mounting bracket is required.
By means of a flexible mounting arm with a large radius and a freely fixed main part, the heater can be positioned above the patient in almost any position. This system can be attached to the wall or ceiling, and the arm size can be of two sizes.
In the operating room, a heater must necessarily prevent the onset of hypothermia in children before, during, and after surgery. For this type of use, the fastening system must be sufficiently flexible. On request, the heater can be supplied in combination with an operating or examination light mounted on the same mount.
When height-adjustable mounts are used, it must be taken into account that the intensity of radiation emitted to the patient is highly dependent on the distance between the patient and the heater. The shorter the distance, the higher the intensity and vice versa.
For this reason, height-adjustable heaters have another safety feature. If the heater moves higher or lower set distance, then the visual one turns on first, and after a while sound alarm. If the heater drops below the permitted distance, the heater automatically turns off. Thus, the patient is safe despite any changes in the position of the heater.
|
Horizontal bracket R1=750 mm, height-adjustable bracket R2=800 mm on a spring, rotating 360°, adjustable limiter for the highest position, the heater can be positioned in any direction. For mounting to the main ceiling without or with suspended ceiling at a distance of up to 500 mm from the main one, maximum length ceiling mounting 1100 mmm |
|
| Ceramotherm 2100 | Order No. WY 2108 |
| Ceramotherm 2200 | Order No. WY 2208 |
| For fixing to the main ceiling with a suspended ceiling installed at a distance of up to 1000 mm from the main ceiling, maximum length of fixing to the ceiling is 1100 mm | |
| Ceramotherm 2100 | Order No. WY 2118 |
| Ceramotherm 2200 | Order No. WY 2218 |
| Option: | |
| Horizontal bracket R1 950 mm long |
Order No. WY 1848 |
Mobile devices
As an option for wall or ceiling mounted heaters, a mobile stand is recommended when the heater will be used in different rooms or for design reasons a fixed installation is not possible.
The height-adjustable stand can be moved thanks to four antistatic wheels, two of which have locks. The heater distance indicator should be at patient level to ensure the correct distance between the heater and the patient. Using the freely lockable main part of the heater, it can be installed in the required position.
Mobile Radiant Heat
| Technical data | Ceramotherm 2100 |
Ceramotherm 2200 |
| Amount of heating elements | 1 | 2 |
| Element life | >10 years | >10 years |
| Illumination: 2 fluorescent lamps, each | 11W | 18W |
| Voltage | ~230V / 50Hz | ~230V / 50Hz |
| Power consumption | 690W/3A | 900W/3.9A |
| Wavelength range, nm | 1500-6800 | 1500-6800 |
| Protective glass | 1 | 1 |
| Type of protection | B | B |
| MDD class | IIa | IIa |
The device complies with:
|
Yes Yes Yes |
Yes Yes Yes |
| security check | Once a year | Once a year |
Tested standard patient distance mm:
|
900 |
900 800 650 |
| Possibility of distance calibration from 650 to 900 mm | Yes | Yes |
Irradiation area/maximum intensity
|
390x520mm/28mW/cm2 |
390x680mm/30mW/cm2 430x700mm/30mW/cm2 460x720mm/26mW/cm2 480x730mm/22mW/cm2 500x750mm/20mW/cm2 520x770mm/18mW/cm2 |
| Display of selected value | Yes | Yes |
| Display of actual value and residual heat | Yes | Yes |
| Automatic reduction of heating power in case of intensity > 10 mW/cm2 for more than 15 minutes | ||
| Possibility to turn off the alarm for 15 minutes | Yes | Yes |
| Safe limit at 30 mW/cm2 | Yes | Yes |
| cm2 Power failure alarm | Yes | Yes |
| Self-test | Yes | Yes |
| Distance sensor for two-piece height-adjustable bracket | Yes | Yes |
| Weight, kg | 6,3 | 8,7 |
| Heater color | White RAL 9010 | White RAL 9010 |
| Handle color | Red RAL 3003 | Red RAL 3003 |
In this article: radiant heating - 10,000 years of history; the first radiant heating systems; Russian stove - infrared ray generator; radiant heat of the human body; types of modern household radiant heating systems; Finally, the conditions under which radiant heating will be more profitable than convective heating.
About 200 years ago, the heating systems of our homes began to degenerate; stoves and fireplaces, popular for thousands of years, were called archaisms, they were replaced by a water heating system that provides convective heat. Over the course of a century, radiant heat was given up on, it was written off as scrap, but research by scientists over the past half century shows exactly the opposite - radiant heat in its characteristics is superior to convective heat, and in a number of characteristics. We propose to look into this issue and find out why radiant heating is better than convective heating.
The history of heating - from radiant to convective and... back to radiant?
For thousands of years, the first and only source of heating in a human home was a fire, and the heating method itself was convective-radiation. While the fire was burning in a primitive stove-stove and after that, when the fire was smoldering, infrared rays emanated from the stone portal, and due to convection, the air in the room was heated. Obvious disadvantage This method of heating - when a fire burned, the home was filled with flue gases, creating an unbearable atmosphere. Therefore in top point In the roofs of houses, a chimney hole was made through which hot smoke evaporated along with heated air; the main emphasis was placed on radiant heating, since its intensity did not depend on the degree of heating of the air.
Two thousand years ago, new heating systems were created based on channels under the surface of stone floors, through which flue gases from melted stoves moved, heating the floors with their heat (hypocaust (Ancient Rome), gloria (Spain), ondol (Korea), dikan (China), etc.). The population of Europe, meanwhile, used a partially modified version of the fire - a hearth lined with cobblestones, heated in black. Only by the 15th century did Europeans improve stone hearth, bringing to it an exhaust pipe made of wood.
In the 17th century, in the castle and palace complexes of Russia and Europe, the “Russian system” of heating was popular - the air intake shaft ran close to the wall of the furnace and along it, where the air was heated and, due to convection, rose through branched brick channels to the rooms that needed to be heated. Having given off heat, the air from the premises escaped through exhaust ducts outside the building. The heating system of this design completely excluded the possibility of penetration flue gases into living quarters, which was amazing know-how at that time. This heating system, called "fire" air system“, enjoyed growing popularity until the middle of the 19th century, but by the end of it it ceased to be in demand, which was facilitated by the constant low-frequency hum in the air ducts, excessive dryness of the air, burning of dust with the deposition of dust soot on walls and interior items.
IN late XVIII century, French engineer Jean-Simon Bonneman invented and built the first water heating system, in which the coolant circulated naturally. Half a century later, a heating system with natural circulation coolant, developed by Professor Pyotr Grigorievich Sobolevsky. Convection water, steam and fire-air types of heating have been gaining popularity year after year, largely due to technological progress, the emergence and development of centralized sources of heating the coolant and systems for its delivery to consumer objects. Convective water heating was favored by the large-scale construction of standard high-rise buildings with minimal insulation of facades and low-quality covering of window and door openings - radiant heating is effective only in a well-insulated building.
However, 150 years later, scientists found that the perception of radiant heating is much closer to humans than convection heating of air. And not only to humans, but also to household items, as well as materials used in interior decoration premises.
Heating at home - realities
Have you ever been in an unheated or poorly heated room in winter - a school classroom, an institute auditorium or an assembly hall at some institution? In response to the dissatisfaction of those gathered, the teacher (lecturer) reassures - it’s okay, let’s breathe and in half an hour it will be warm. And indeed, after some time it becomes warmer, but the reason for this is not at all related to the term “inhaled” - those present warmed the atmosphere of the room with thermal radiation generated own bodies. Infrared rays emanating from the bodies of those present in the audience heat objects located near them, which, in turn, generate their own radiation, transferring it to neighboring objects, and the heat of their surfaces to the air.
Each and every object that has a temperature greater than absolute zero Kelvin (or -273.15 °C) emits infrared rays. The radiation is more intense the higher the temperature of the object - for example, the human body at its normal temperature (from 36.6 to 37 ° C) generates infrared rays in the mid-wave range, with a wavelength from 5 to 25 microns. The consumption of human energy for infrared glow is reduced if the ambient temperature increases, but not the air, but the enclosing structures (walls, ceiling and floor) and pieces of furniture. The fact is that air environment transparent and permeable to infrared rays, accordingly, cold walls and floors will pull infrared heat from human bodies even at a room temperature of 25 degrees - this is radiant heat exchange, explained by the Planck and Stefan-Boltzmann laws.
Generations of city dwellers have become accustomed to living conditions in brick and panel houses, trying to compensate for the expenditure of infrared energy of the body, spent on heating the enclosing structures, using electric convectors various kinds. A vague conviction about the importance of wooden walls in the house, which are able to “breathe”, compensating for air humidity - indeed, unpainted timber and log walls there is, however main role V wooden houses It was not they who played, but the Russian stove.
The massive design of the Russian stove was given a significant place in the house; it retained heat perfectly and heated the entire house with infrared radiation. No water or air heating system can compare in its heating capabilities with a Russian stove! By the way, it is precisely because of the ray heating method that baked goods in a Russian oven turn out much more appetizing and tastier than in the most modern oven, the cooking principle in which is based on hot air (fire-air system).
The properties of radiant energy from a heating perspective were studied by a laboratory at Yale University, funded by the John Bartlett Pierce Foundation - the results of an experiment conducted with the participation of volunteers turned out to be very revealing. At the first stage, subjects were placed in small room with artificially cooled walls, the air temperature in it was maintained using fan heaters at 50 ° C - volunteers dressed in light clothing complained of extreme cold after staying in this room. During the second stage, the air temperature was deliberately lowered to 10 °C, and the walls were heated using pipes built inside through which hot water circulated - the subjects, still dressed just as lightly, sweated profusely while in this room, they were hot.
However, each of us can check and personally experience the “vampirism” of cold walls and the “donation” of heated walls at any time - you just need to come up and stand in front of the wall. In winter, you will feel the cold emanating from it, because the material forming the wall will absorb the infrared rays emanating from you, in the summer, you will feel the warmth, i.e., your body will already absorb the infrared radiation received by the wall from the Sun during the day.
Description of radiant heating systems
A massive stove was and remains an ideal source of radiant heating, but in an apartment or office, or even in many private homes, it is unrealistic to install such a stove. Let's consider modern radiant heating systems that make it possible to do without such a furnace - “warm floors”, wall and ceiling radiant panels.
Underfloor heating systems differ in design and heating principle:
- Convective systems include any systems with a water coolant, as well as cable, cable laid in thermal insulation boards and film (heating mats - a thin cable placed in a mesh base);
- Radiant heat is produced by carbon film (the heating element is strips of graphite sealed in a polyester film) and rod floors (their heating elements are also made of graphite).
Panels installed on walls are modular blocks made of copper pipe, the coolant in them is hot water. Heat transfer of radiant heat from wall panels with circulating hot water at a temperature of 40 ° C is about 80%, the remaining 20% is due to convection - this is due to the permissibly high temperature of the coolant, exceeding the maximum established by European standards of 30 ° C for “warm floors”.
Copper modular blocks are installed on the wall surface using horizontal or vertical rod supports, before which a layer of insulation with aluminum foil is mounted on the wall surface. After installation, the wall panels are sealed with a 350 mm layer of plaster and covered with plasterboard or other hard coverings. In addition to external installation, modular blocks for radiant heating can be installed inside concrete walls— attached to a reinforcing frame and then poured with concrete.
The advantage of wall panels is their lower thermal inertia compared to " warm floors", which is especially convenient for buildings with periodic heating mode. It should be noted that for efficient heating wall panels need free space along the perimeter of the walls in which they are installed - with large quantities cabinet furniture, it is irrational to use them.
The first models of radiant ceiling panels were created long before “ warm floors"and wall panels, the interest of manufacturers in them was explained simply - the ceiling, and therefore the ceiling panels, was located farthest from households, which made it possible to heat the panels to high temperatures without any harm to humans. The maximum temperature of modern ceiling panels depends on the height of the ceilings - the optimal difference between the air temperature in the room and the surface temperature of the radial panel is 10 ° C. Modern ceiling panels are not built into ceilings - they are installed on the ceiling surface, which simplifies their installation and maintenance.
In conclusion
The popularity of convection heating today is connected only with the fact that most houses have minimal heat-retaining characteristics - this was not previously of interest to designers and builders, since their tasks were focused on reducing the cost of projects. Hence, houses glowing at night in infrared detectors, colossal costs for heat supply and frequent cosmetic repairs. And precisely because of the high heat losses through window openings heating radiators were installed directly below them - to cut off the incoming heat through the cracks window frames and through their glazing there is cold air from the street.
Convective heating allows you to quickly and relatively inexpensively heat uninsulated rooms, but does not allow you to avoid drying out the air, cold air at the floor level (the warmest layer of air collects near the ceiling), constant moldiness of walls in the cold season (due to moisture deposition on their cold surfaces) and needs for frequent cosmetic repairs— the given facts are indisputable.
If the building envelope is made of wood, brick or reinforced concrete, insulation is provided on the outside (street) side (sandwich panels, thermal insulation materials followed by plastering, etc.), and in window and doorways installed modern doors and windows with fairly low thermal conductivity, then solving the heating problem using a radiant heating system will fully justify itself. On the other hand, when insulating building envelopes from inside the room, which is carried out especially often in multi-storey buildings Soviet-built, it is pointless to build a heating system using infrared heating, since the material from which the walls are made will not heat up and give off heat in the form of radiation, because the surfaces of the walls are thermally insulated with insulating materials.
Taking into account the new requirements for thermal protection of buildings set out in SNiP 02/23/2003, radiant heating systems may well take over the primacy of convective heating. Household members of any age will find it much more pleasant and beneficial to perceive infrared rays of a certain wavelength range than to be in an air “aquarium” with constantly cold walls, filled with air heated as a result of convection and suspended dust.
Infrared radiant heating - ceiling heaters for your home
Modern systems heating based on infrared heating, in contrast to traditional ones, have significant advantages. This is not only a reasonable consumption of energy resources and significant savings in the family budget, but also ease of use, a healthy microclimate in the house and comfort all year round. How does infrared radiant heating work?
Infrared heating of rooms - there are advantages!
IR heating using film equipment is a modern, efficient heating system that has been used with great success in both private homes and public buildings for more than 10 years. Due to its unique capabilities, environmental friendliness and fire safety, infrared radiant heating is recommended for use in medical and children's institutions.
Representing Alternative option traditional methods of heating rooms, every year IR heating becomes more and more popular among owners country houses. Infrared heating indispensable where there is no possibility of connecting to the gas mains, but only electricity. The IR system is installed simply and quickly, between finishing coat and a rough ceiling with reflective thermal insulation. The costly installation of additional communications is eliminated, a boiler room and pipes are not needed, and there is no risk of defrosting or leaks. In addition to reasonable savings on installation work and materials, infrared heating reduces energy costs by 3-5 times, with an efficiency of 95%.
Another plus is the absence of condensation on walls and windows, which is especially important for wooden house. And if the enclosing structures have already accumulated moisture, infrared heaters will quickly dry them, preventing the destruction of the walls due to fungus and mold.
The temperature regime is easily adjusted in each room. The distributed infrared heating system automatically maintains the set temperature level. Equip with ceiling film infrared heaters You can also have a garage, attic, workshop.
Radiant heating - operating principle
With no operating costs and ease of use, infrared radiant heating does not have the disadvantages of conventional convective systems. Warm air from the batteries mixes with cold currents and moves upward, raising dust microparticles with it. At the same time, humidity and oxygen content decrease, and the air under the ceiling is always warmer than below.
Infrared heating acts differently. The principle of direct, without communications and coolant, conversion of electricity into thermal energy is borrowed from nature itself. Main source infrared radiation - the Sun. Any heated objects and bodies, in solid and liquid states, emit a continuous infrared spectrum. However, according to the laws of physics, thermal energy is always transferred from a more heated body to a less heated one and is absorbed by it, but not vice versa.
Infrared heaters evenly heat all surfaces and objects in the room - floors, walls, furniture. They transfer heat to the air, speeding up the process and increasing the heated area several times. Uselessly heated air masses do not accumulate under the ceiling; the temperature difference between the floor and walls is 2-3 degrees higher than the air temperature. If the house is well insulated, the floor will always be warm without additional heating.
Radiant infrared heating does not dry out, does not overheat, does not separate the air into cold and hot layers, does not cause drafts, which means you can breathe easily and freely in the house. The result is excellent well-being, a comfortable atmosphere and a healthy microclimate.
Ceiling heating: power calculation and selection of IR heaters
To heat a house evenly using infrared film electric heaters (PLEN), it is necessary to ensure a high coverage coefficient (70-80%). Then, with a low specific power of each ceiling heater (150-180 W/sq.m), we will obtain sufficient power of the entire infrared heating system. To prevent overheating, the temperature IR heater should be no more than 45-50°C.
This scheme allows you to minimize the cost of heating a country house or cottage, with energy consumption from 5 to 30 W/h per 1 sq. m. m of area, depending on heat loss through the enclosing structures. But it is worth remembering that only competent, accurate calculations of the power of warm ceilings guarantee a full effect, so before installing infrared heating, be sure to consult with specialists. Professional advice will help you choose the right equipment.
