It’s not difficult to build a brick stove that is always ready to warm any home. You just need to learn some of the subtleties of construction brick stoves and use the acquired knowledge correctly.

What kind of brick oven can you install in your home and where is the best place to do it?

Based on functionality, all stoves are usually divided into several types. Cookers have a special cast iron panel on which you can heat water and cook food. Such stoves are most often installed in dachas and small private houses where people do not live in winter. In principle, a cooking stove can heat not large area, but its main task is not this, but cooking.

Heating units are intended exclusively for heating the home. They do not cook on them, since they do not have a cooking panel, which is why they usually have very compact sizes. Cooking and heating stoves are a combination of the first two types of brick stoves, which makes it possible to heat a large area and cook any food. Often such devices are equipped not only with a cast-iron panel, but also with a separate niche where you can dry fruits and vegetables, and a built-in oven.

Regardless of the type, any stove must be as fireproof as possible, not smoke during kindling and burning, and also create comfortable conditions stay in the house. To achieve this, you need to choose the right place in the home where you want to put the stove, guided by the following recommendations:

• You cannot build a heating device near external wall residential building due to the fact that it will begin to cool down very quickly due to exposure to cold air from outside.
• Place the stove in the middle of the room or next to the inner wall. It can also be built built into the wall. If the device is placed in the center of the room (this is done when the area of ​​the home is large enough), it divides it into several functional parts - living room and kitchen, bedroom and dining room, and so on. For small buildings, a stove built into the wall or mounted directly under it is more suitable.
• To simplify the masonry, it is advisable to find a correctly drawn up ordering diagram for a specific type of stove.
• If the stove is built between two rooms, it must be separated from the wall surfaces with materials with a high heat resistance.

Note that large heating devices (the number of bricks is more than 500) and with their own chimney should be installed in the house on a separate foundation. Moreover, it should not have a (mechanical) connection with the foundation of the building (this requirement must also be observed when the house and stove are being built together).

Making a foundation and choosing a brick to build a stove

If a relatively small stove is being built in an already operating house with a slab concrete foundation, it is allowed to mount it directly on the existing foundation. You only need to lay roofing felt on the concrete floor.

When the flooring of a building is made of wood or the house is standing on strip foundation, it will be necessary to prepare a separate base for the heating device.

You can do it yourself using this scheme:

1. We mark a place on the floor for the future brick stove.
2. Remove the marked part flooring and dig a pit in the ground underneath it (its depth should be about half a meter).
3. At the bottom of the pit we place a layer of sand (about 10 cm) and on top - crushed stone (the thickness is the same), compact the resulting “pillow”.
4. We place a plank along the perimeter of the pit (it is raised about 11 cm above the level of the main floor covering).
5. We fill half of the hole under the stove foundation with a mixture of sand, crushed stone and cement, and wait for it to harden.
6. We fill the second half of the pit with a solution (after the previous composition in the pit has firmly set), which it is advisable to make more “thin” (add a little more water to it).

After this, it is necessary to carefully level the foundation using the rule and wait about a month until it hardens firmly. And at this time, you can choose and purchase bricks, remembering that the durability of the stove depends on its quality.

For masonry, fireproof, ceramic, fireclay and special oven bricks are used, as well as hand-molded products. All these materials should be selected according to their markings, which indicate their strength. A brick oven in a house should be constructed from special products of grades M150–M200, having:

• uniform color;
• straight edges with no chips or cracks;
• geometrically correct shape;
• dimensions 11.3x6.5 or 23x12.3 cm (it is advisable to buy bricks with these parameters, since most of the ordering patterns are developed for them).

It is allowed to use fireclay bricks rather than stove bricks. But be prepared for the fact that a stove made of fireclay material will not only heat up quickly, but also cool down quickly. On the outside, fireclay products are faced with ceramic bricks. This is a must. This finish is also recommended for heating structures constructed from special kiln brick.

Masonry stove mortars - what should they be?

Before you build the stove with your own hands, you should understand the compositions that will ensure reliable fixation of the bricks and the entire structure. Typically, masonry mortars based on sand and clay are used (white kaolin or fireclay marl for ordinary bricks, gray Cambrian or ground refractory clay for ceramic).

The components of the composition for laying the stove must be selected very carefully. For example, if you feel that there is any odor (unpleasant or pleasant) coming from it, do not take it. The aroma indicates the presence of organic matter in the raw material. This clay is not suitable for laying a stove. You can take any sand, the main thing is that there are no foreign impurities in it.

The proportions in a solution of clay and sand are determined experimentally by conducting special tests according to the following scheme:

• pour 1 kg of clay with plain water and leave for 24 hours until the composition sours;
• knead the clay until it becomes plasticine (adding water to the sour mixture);
• divide the batch into 3–5 parts and add sand to different portions (from 10 to 100% by volume);
• knead the solutions (as thoroughly as possible) and dry them for about 3.5 hours.

Then the samples must be carefully rolled out into 30–40 cm long “sausages” with a cross-section of about 1.5 cm and wrapped around a round piece of larger diameter. After this, wait for the compositions to dry (about half an hour). All that remains is to analyze the quality of the solutions.

If microscopic cracks have formed on the “sausage” or there are none at all, feel free to mix clay and sand in the proportions used for this test. With cracks no more than 2 mm deep, the solution can be used for laying those areas heating structure, which do not warm up above 280–300 °C. If the “sausages” are covered with tears and deep cracks, this means that there is too much sand in the prepared mixture. It is prohibited to use it to construct a furnace.

An even simpler option is to purchase from hardware store ready mixture for furnace work. If you don’t want to bother with creating the “ideal” mortar yourself, just buy it and start building a brick oven.

It is important to strictly adhere to the ordering scheme you have chosen for a specific model of the stove structure, and also decide on the type of masonry. Common methods of installing bricks are masonry with empty joints and undercuts. In the latter case, there is no need to plaster the finished stove - the solution is present in all seams. But when performing work with empty seams, plastering the constructed stove is a mandatory operation.

In order to avoid making fatal mistakes, beginners in the construction of home heating structures are recommended to pre-lay bricks without using a sand-clay mixture. It is done in order using 5 mm thick slats. They are placed between rows of bricks. In fact, the slats “replace” the mortar.

Once you have built the entire oven dry and are sure that everything was done correctly, begin to disassemble the structure. If possible, number all the bricks and stack them separately. Then the process of finishing masonry will go much faster for you.

• vertical seams (all without exception) must be filled with mortar to avoid the possibility of delamination of the structure;
• each brick in the masonry must rest on at least two others;
• the smallest seam width is 2 mm;
• you need to bandage all rows vertically;
• the thickness of the mortar for masonry is taken to be about 5–7 mm; after pressing it with bricks, this value decreases by 2–3 mm (it is permissible to lightly tap the rows with a rubber hammer);
• when using ceramic bricks, they are dipped in ordinary water for a couple of seconds, due to which they stick to the mortar without any problems; there is no need to “bathe” fireclay products;
• Before laying, bricks should be cleaned from dust and crumbs with a hair brush (this operation is called mopping).

Several Yet important points. The bricks are placed in their designated place one at a time. If a stone falls “by”, it must be removed, the clay-sand mixture removed from it, and then placed again. The mortar that was removed from the bricks is not used in the future.

We carry out the laying of the furnace ourselves using clear and simple technology

The first row of the heating structure is laid out without the use of mortar. Then all the bricks included in it are carefully leveled and the locations of all the doors and other elements of the furnace are determined. After this, you need to establish the position of the corner stones and lay them on the solution.

We use a level to accurately align the horizontal position of the bricks, as well as a tape measure to check the diagonal and plan dimensions of the structure being built. Now you can lay the first row on the sand-clay mixture, starting work from the middle of the row.

The verticality of the entire contour of a brick stove during its construction is controlled by means of a simple device - plumb lines stretched on a string from the ceiling to the stove corners. The lines made in this way will become an excellent guide for masonry. Having completed the first row, we lay the second row according to a similar pattern:

• put the stones in their place in the corners;
• We check the verticality of the corners with a plumb line from the ceiling;
• lay out the middle of the second row.

In the same way we lay the third and subsequent rows of brick. Do not forget to constantly check the stove construction plan (with the order). It is imperative to clean the outer and inner parts of the stones from excess mortar using a construction trowel.

Depending on the type of stove, choose the location of the firebox, blower, and ash pan. In a conventional heating device, the ash compartment is most often made after the third row of bricks, and the ash pan after the fifth.

When laying the stove, you should adhere to important principle dressing of the stones used, which involves covering with bricks along next row each seam located vertically. It is advisable that vertical connection was located clearly in the center of the brick of the next row. In practice, such an “idyll” is rarely achieved. In this case, try to ensure that the seam shift is a maximum of a quarter of the stone.

Do not forget to mount a special sheet between the floor and the first row of masonry (it is called the pre-furnace). It will hide the small gap that is always present in this place. As you can see, it is not so difficult to lay out a brick oven with your own hands.

Stove heating is not going to become obsolete at all. Wood-burning stoves made of brick continue to be built not only by the owners of village houses, but also by the owners of large country cottages. Another question is how much it costs to hire a master stove-maker to build it and buy the necessary materials. The only way to save money is to build a brick oven with your own hands, having studied the construction technology according to the schemes - procedures presented later in the article. Of course, a beginner cannot build a Russian or two-bell stove with a stove bench, but you can overcome a heat source of a simple design.

Projects of simple brick stoves

The first thing you should worry about is choosing a home heater design that can meet your heating needs. We offer 3 options simple designs, proven in work by many years of practice:

• duct-type heating stove, the so-called Dutch oven;
• hob with oven and tank connected to water heating or hot water supply;
• Swedish - a combined heater with a niche for drying things.

Duct stove - Dutch

Folding the Dutchman shown in the picture yourself is quite simple. It is small in plan, but it can be placed indefinitely in height, while the internal vertical channels are lengthened. This allows you to heat a two- or three-story small house or cottage if you build a Dutch oven with a passage through the ceilings. A duct stove successfully burns wood of various qualities and satisfactorily heats rooms, although it cannot be called economical.

Reference. The Dutch oven warms up quickly, and after extinguishing it does not give off heat for long; the duration of combustion from one bookmark also leaves much to be desired. Her strong point– ease of construction and low fuel requirements.

The plate shown in the photo is - convenient option for a country house or a small dwelling in the village, including for use in summer period. Tank installed on the path of hot flue gases, capable of serving hot water for heating systems or household needs.

Swedish brick stoves combine the advantages of the two previous heaters. In addition, they are economical, release accumulated heat for a long time and work equally well with wood and coal. But the masonry of a Swedish stove is much more complicated than a hob, plus it requires more bricks and purchased iron fittings.

Swedish oven built between the walls

Drawings and orders of stoves

Stove order - Dutch

Cross-sectional diagram of a Dutch woman

The procedure for laying the hob

Schematic structure of the plate
Ordering a Swedish oven

Any brick stove transfers heat into the room in two ways: using infrared radiation from hot walls and through heating the air circulating in the room (convection). Hence the conclusion: for effective heating it is necessary that the heater, or at least part of it, be located in the heated room. Taking this requirement into account, we will give some advice on choosing a place for a building in rural house and at the dacha:

1. If you need to heat one large room, then it is better to place the stove in the middle, with a slight offset to the side outer wall where the cold comes from.
2. To heat 2-4 adjacent rooms, the structure must be placed in the center of the building, dismantling some of the interior partitions.
3. Suppose there are 1-2 small rooms adjacent to the hall. You can go there water heating with radiators and circulation pump, connected to the furnace heat exchanger or tank.
4. Do not plan to install the heater close to external walls. There is no point in warming them up; some of the heat will simply go outside.
5. The hob and oven should go into the kitchen, and the hob should go into the living room or bedroom.

Advice. When placing the heater in the center of a private house, make sure that the future chimney does not fall into the ridge of the roof. It is better to move the building by 20-40 cm and bring the pipe through one of the roof slopes.

Partitions and floors made of wood or other combustible building materials located closer than 500 mm from the body of the stove must subsequently be protected with sheets of metal. It is advisable to lay a layer of basalt cardboard under them. In a stone house, these precautions apply only wooden elements roofs located next to the chimney.

Procurement of materials and components

The main building material from which a do-it-yourself stove is built is red ceramic brick. It must be of high quality and must be solid; stones with voids inside are not used in stoves, except for construction street barbecues and barbecue.

Advice. The Dutch one is so undemanding in terms of the quality of materials that it can be made from used red brick. Only upon completion of the masonry will it be necessary to refine it, for example, by covering tiles or come up with a beautiful tiled decor.

To assemble a small-sized Dutch oven, you need to prepare the following materials and fittings:

• red burnt brick – minimum 390 pcs.;
• grate size 25 x 25 cm;
• loading door 25 x 21 cm;
• small cleaning and blower doors 14 x 14 cm;
• metal flap 13 x 13 cm.

Note. As mentioned in the first section, the Dutch oven can be laid out to any desired height. The specified number of bricks is enough for construction in a one-story private house.

List of components and building materials for the hob:

• solid ceramic brick – 190 pcs.;
• grate 25 x 5 cm;
• two-burner cast iron stove measuring 53 x 18 cm with disks;
• fuel chamber door 25 x 21 cm;
• metal tank - boiler with dimensions 35 x 45 x 15 cm;
• oven 32 x 27 x 40 cm;
• cleaning doors 13 x 14 cm – 2 pcs.;
• chimney valve;
• steel corner 30 x 30 x 4 mm – 4 m.

To save money, you can take on the manufacture of a tank for heating water yourself - simply weld it from metal 3, or better yet, 4 mm thick. There is another option: instead of a tank, place a coil inside the stove, welded with your own hands from steel pipe diameter 25-32 mm. But we must remember that in such a water circuit it is necessary to organize constant circulation using a pump, otherwise the metal will quickly burn out.

To build a Swedish heating and cooking stove, you will need the same set of materials as for a stove. Just take a larger corner - 50 x 50 mm, buy a steel strip 40 x 4 mm and prepare fireproof (fireclay) bricks for laying the firebox. To install accessories, find soft wire made of steel with a diameter of up to 2 mm.

Advice on masonry mortar. Preparing natural clay, which experienced stove makers use to lay bricks, is a long and difficult process. Therefore, beginners are recommended to use ready-made clay-sand mixtures for constructing stoves, which are commercially available.

Laying the foundation

Before folding the stove, you need to prepare a solid base. The structure is quite heavy, so placing it directly on floors, even flooded ones cement screed, unacceptable. The foundation of the stove is a separate structure, not in contact with the base of the building. If you are building a brick heater near walls or constructing corner fireplace, you need to make an indent of at least 150 mm so that there is a minimum clearance of 10 cm between the foundations.

If the floors in the house are covered with screed, then it is recommended to follow the following step-by-step instructions for installing a stove foundation:

1. Dismantle the screed section and dig a pit protruding beyond the dimensions of the stove by 50 mm in each direction. The depth depends on the thickness of the upper layer of subsidence soil.
2. Fill sand cushion 100 mm high and compact it. Fill the hole to the top with rubble stone or broken brick, then fill it with liquid cement mortar.
3. After hardening, lay waterproofing layer from roofing felt and install the formwork protruding above the screed, as shown in the drawing.
4. Prepare the concrete and pour the foundation slab. For strength, you can lay reinforcement mesh there.

After 3 weeks (time for complete hardening concrete mixture) place a sheet of roofing steel on the finished base, and on top - felt impregnated with clay mortar or basalt cardboard. After this, you can begin to lay the body of the furnace.

Scheme of the base structure for wooden floors

To correctly lay the foundation of a stove under wooden floors, use the same algorithm, only instead of concrete slab lay out the walls of red brick (used can be used) to the level of the floor covering. Fill the void inside with rubble or crushed stone and concrete on top. Next is a sheet of metal, felt soaked in clay and a solid first row of stove masonry. You can get more information on the topic by watching the video

What is comfort in the home? This is when it is warm in winter and cool in summer, walking on a floor covering that is pleasant to the touch, not freezing, comfortable furniture and a cozy bed for you and your children. Children fall asleep faster and sleep better when it is warm and comfortable to sleep on soft, children's mattresses https://mebelsait.dp.ua/detskie-matrasy.

When you think about building own home, there is a desire to make it warm and cozy. Modern gas and electric boilers, converters, etc., but they cannot create cozy atmosphere. That is why stove heating is being actively used again.

The stove is a highlight of the design, and economical heating device. It is much easier to find an experienced stove maker to lay a stove. But this long-forgotten craft has only just begun to gain popularity, and there are very few experienced stove makers. Therefore, a reasonable question arises: “How to build a brick oven with your own hands?”

Laying out a stove correctly requires a lot of effort, and you will also have to study a lot of instructions for laying brick stoves.

Types of stoves

The first step is to choose a stove that is right for you. The most popular are:

• Dutch;
• Russian;
• Swede.

Dutch

This design was created by Russian craftsmen. The design is not complicated and does not require much space. But this does not prevent it from giving off accumulated heat well.

Russian stove

Large-sized and multifunctional oven. But its size is justified by the presence of free space where you can relax. There is a firebox under the bed where you can cook food. Next to the firebox there is a stove, and just below there is a vent that keeps the fire going. There is also a niche for freshly prepared food.

A Russian stove can easily heat a room larger than 40 square meters. But a full-fledged robot will require a lot of raw materials.

Swede

Refer to compact options. Length and width - 1 meter. The main function is to heat the room, but you can also cook food on it. The unusual thing about such a stove is that the stove is built in the kitchen, and the rest of the stove will be in another part of the house.

This design is fire hazardous. But the risk of fire is reduced with the help of dampers.

Construction rules

A homemade stove must meet the requirements fire safety. Therefore, special attention must be paid to preparation for construction.

• Decide on the location of the stove.
• Prepare the correct drawing.
• Buy quality materials for construction.
• Purchase of tools.
• Create a cost estimate.

Correctly drawn up drawings will become your main assistants, since it is the drawings of homemade brick oven help to avoid many mistakes. Ready plans can be found on the Internet.

When choosing an installation location, you need to take into account the area of ​​the room and the type of oven. It’s difficult to calculate everything yourself, so it’s easier to use a reduced model of a brick oven, a photo of which is available on the Internet.

Selection of working tools

When laying a furnace, measuring, construction and many other auxiliary tools are used:

• Jointing - pours the mortar into the seams and gives the joints aesthetic appearance. It will come in handy if the stove is left without lining or plaster.
• Trowel.
• Hammer-pick.
• Shovel for mortar.
• Plumb.
• Stove line.

Materials

The heat transfer and durability of the stove will depend on the material used in construction. Therefore this stage is very important.

For cladding, ceramic bricks are used - grade M-500. It is insensitive to temperature changes. And the combustion chamber needs to be laid out only from refractory bricks.

In addition to bricks, the following is used:

• Sifted sand.
• Clay – normal fat content.

Foundation for the stove

The basis for homemade stove done at the time of construction, since a brick oven requires a strong foundation

First, they dig a hole. It is necessary to take into account that the width and length of the pit must exceed the size of the foundation by 20 cm

Afterwards, the pit is leveled and half filled with sifted sand, compacted well and leveled. Waterproofing is laid on top of the sand, and formwork is installed. Everything else free space pour concrete mortar, bringing it to ground level. Be sure to check the surface for horizontalness using a building level.

After 5-6 days the concrete should harden. After that, the formwork is dismantled, waterproofing is laid and the foundation is brought to the floor. There are two ways to bring the foundation to the floor:

• lay out of brick;
• re-build the formwork, filling it with concrete up to the beginning of the floor. All voids are covered with sand, compacting it.

Recipe concrete mortar- one part of cement contains 2.5 parts of sand and four parts of gravel.

Masonry process

The masonry mixture is prepared from sifted sand and clay. The clay is left in water for a couple of hours, after which it is sifted through a sieve.

First, the outer layer, which consists of bricks, is assembled, and then the middle. There should be no voids in the seams, so fill them with a clay mixture.

The first rows are built using solid bricks. The first row of stitches requires dressing. After the first rows are ready, the brick will have to be cut.

The chopped side of the brick should be inside the masonry. This rule is also used when constructing smoke ducts. The chimney is built from red burnt brick. And the opening of the firebox is created using a metal corner, a “lock” layout.

Photos of brick stoves

In the recent past, a stationary solid fuel stove served as the main source of indoor heating. In this regard, the profession of a stove maker was considered popular and worthy of respect. Nowadays, a variety of means can be used to heat houses and apartments, but, nevertheless, the popularity of such brick structures remains unchanged.

DIY stove laying lessons

According to experts, laying a stove with your own hands is a lengthy process, but quite simple and understandable. Any man can cope with this task, but, of course, for this it is necessary to prepare special drawings and become familiar with the masonry technology itself.

An excellent assistant for a novice mason are various videos and other supporting lessons. Like material with step-by-step instructions quickly and clearly explains all the features of masonry and installation, as a result, even an inexperienced installer will be able to do the job efficiently and, most importantly, inexpensively.

Main types of stoves

Before you start laying such a structure, it is worth understanding the main types of stoves. Nowadays the following types are used:

• heating. Serve for heating purposes only. Are different simplified design and ease of masonry, which, compared to all other options, is considered the simplest and fastest process.
• heating and cooking. They are the most popular and popular solution. They can be used both for heating rooms and for cooking over natural fire.

Furnace laying, video

IN modern world Improved types of these structures are also used and can be supplied with built-in stove or a full-fledged oven.

A separate category includes fireplace stoves, which are an excellent solution for country houses and mansions. In addition to its main purpose of heating the room, fireplaces perfectly complement the interior and give warmth and comfort in the home.

The scheme for laying stoves with your own hands may differ not only in the purpose of the future structure, but also in the shape and design of the future stove. In private homes rectangular or square ovens , but many interior designers create complex, advanced models in round or oval shapes. However, before choosing the shape of the future stove, you should carefully consider all the features of the interior and make sure that the necessary space is available for this structure.

Despite the fact that laying a furnace can be done with your own efforts due to the huge variety step by step instructions and a video of laying stoves with your own hands, we still shouldn’t forget about fire safety rules and regulations.

Before installing the stove, you should carefully consider the choice of its location. For example, if the stove is installed in the central part of the room, it will be able to warm up perfectly from all sides, and accordingly the heat given off will be greater.

If the stove is installed near the wall, the floor will constantly “walk” cold air. Therefore, experts recommend paying attention to the central placement of the stove.

Determine in advance fire door installation location. It is worth remembering that the more conveniently the fire door is placed, the more convenient and quickly it will be possible to load solid fuel into it and not spread garbage throughout the room.

A stove made of brick can often have an impressive weight. To prevent deformation of the structure and the floor of the house, it is worth preparing in advance a reliable concrete base - the foundation.

Design Features

Often used bricks have a fairly simple and, at first glance, inexpensive design. But even with this simplicity, it is not difficult to achieve excellent performance and durability.

The main elements of brick stoves are a chimney and a firebox. In case of hobs Additional ovens, stoves, or an appropriate container for heating water can also be used.

The main part of the structure is the firebox. It is intended for loading firewood or other solid fuel that will be used for heating. The sizes of the firebox vary. Before deciding on the dimensions, it is worth considering some factors, including:

• type of fuel used. If we are talking about firewood, then it is best to use fireboxes with a height of 50-100 cm;
• desired performance indicators;
• required volume.

When laying the firebox of a stove, you should use only reliable, fire-resistant material.

The chimney is another extremely important element similar structures, which serves to remove processed fuel waste and toxic substances generated during operation of the furnace.

When designing a future chimney, it is worth making every effort to make this element smooth, with a minimum number of bends and turns. Ideal the chimney has an even vertical shape. In the presence of bends and turns, the traction efficiency deteriorates, and accordingly the efficiency of heating the room decreases.

Another integral element of any design is the ash pan chamber. This compartment is intended for collecting ash. The ash pan chamber also supplies air to the fuel inside the unit. The ash pan chamber is located under the grate and has its own door. The classic ash pit is three bricks high.

The main important stages of do-it-yourself masonry

From the moment the foundation is poured, at least 3-4 weeks should pass. After this time, the base will harden and achieve the desired strength., due to which it will be able to withstand the weight of the future structure.

Laying a furnace is a fairly simple, but at the same time responsible and demanding process that must be approached with care. special attention and caution. Each wrong step can lead to further malfunctions of the entire structure.

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For a long time, stoves for heating a home have been traditional heating structures and not only boilers, but also various other heaters cannot be compared with them in many respects. They provide “living” warmth; in addition, they are distinguished by their practicality and ease of use. solid fuel. In addition, a self-built stove will last for many years.

Stoves for heating a private home are considered perfect choice for suburban real estate. A high-quality heating structure can provide residents with a comfortable stay in each of the premises of the building. Read also: "".

DIY stove: how to do it right

At a time when stoves were the main method of heating in houses, the construction and repair of them was carried out by craftsmen - stove makers. Now, if they have certain skills, home craftsmen have the opportunity to build a stove with their own hands. In the absence of experience construction work, it is advisable to entrust the arrangement of such a heating structure to professionals. We should not forget that the stove is a high-risk object.

Before you start self-construction heating units made of brick, it is necessary to understand their main types and operating features:

• heating stoves - they are intended exclusively for heating the house. Their masonrycarried out quickly, since their design is simple (more details: " ");
• Heating and cooking stoves - today they are considered the most popular and in demand. In addition to heating rooms, you can also cook food on them, saving good money on gas and other modern coolants (read: " ");
• for cooking, a special device is built into the heating structure kitchen stove, and, if desired, even an oven;
• stoves-fireplaces - thanks to the installation of such units, you can save space in the house, thereby creating more comfortable living conditions and ensuring efficient heating rooms (read: " "). It takes a little time to light them. Fireplace stoves have a presentable appearance that can decorate any room, like a small one. country house, and in a luxurious country villa (read also: "").

Do-it-yourself home stoves are distinguished by shape. For country houses, rectangular, square or round designs are most often chosen, and such a variety of models allows you to choose optimal option, based on the purpose and interior of a particular room.

In addition, regardless of the type, type and size of fuel used, the stove must meet certain requirements fire safety. The base for a brick heating structure must certainly be concrete. Read also: "".

Location of heating stoves

At independent arrangement stove heating it is necessary to provide the most optimal location for installing the heating unit. If, for example, you place the structure in the middle of the room, then its heat transfer will be the highest possible, since it will heat the space from all sides, while evenly releasing heat to the air.

In the case when the stove is placed near the wall, convection currents of cool air emanating from doors and windows will begin to actively move around the house. As a result, with this arrangement of the heating structure, residents will constantly feel the cold “stretching” up their legs.

Before laying begins furnace device It is required, according to the installation rules, to provide for the location of the combustion chamber door (read: ""). This is necessary so that you don’t have to carry armfuls of firewood across the room, spreading dirt and soot. You can avoid such problems if you install the stove in the kitchen or in a space that is rarely visited.

Types of base for heating structures

The drawings of heating stoves provide for the arrangement concrete floor or availability own foundation. In the latter case, the base is made in such a way that it is designed to accommodate the installation of the structure body and the walls of the chimney pipe, as shown.

Main components:

1. Firebox. When you create a stove in your home with your own hands, this element is one of the main parts of the heating unit. It should accommodate the maximum volume of firewood or other fuel to ensure the greatest performance of the structure. The size of the firebox can be different, since this parameter depends on the type of solid fuel (for example, for firewood, the height of the chamber ranges from 40 to 100 centimeters), volume, and productivity. The firebox is laid out exclusively from refractory bricks, and the thickness of its walls should be at least half a brick.
2. Ash pan. This chamber is equipped with a door and is located directly under the grate. It is designed to collect ash and supply air to the fuel. The height of the ash pit is equal to three bricks.
3. Chimney. One of the main elements that are found in every modern brick oven. Outwardly, it is similar to a coil through which flue gases move, heating the air in the room. When creating a stove for heating a house, such as in the photo, when designing a chimney for a modern heating structure, experts do not recommend including a large number of turns and bends, since they create additional resistance to the movement of flue gases, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of heating the room.

Preparation of the solution

The stove can serve trouble-free for a long time if the mortar for masonry is properly prepared. It is made from sand, clay and water. It must be at the same time viscous, strong and durable. Preparing a clay-sand solution is simple: it requires clay, which is filled with water and soaked for at least a day. Then the mixture is passed through a sieve and stirred to the consistency of “clay milk” and only then added required amount sand (read also: " ").

The stove with your own hands will be durable and reliable design, will last for decades if the solution is made correctly. In the event that the building materials are of poor quality, and the bricklaying was carried out without following technology, the heating unit will quickly fail and may even collapse.

Features of the furnace laying process

Before making a stove with your own hands, you should make a foundation for it in advance. Typically, bricklaying begins a month after the foundation is created. It is necessary to withstand a certain time for the stove to be efficient and of high quality, and for the heating structure to last a long time, without overhaul and rework while maintaining functionality and high performance.

The work of laying a brick kiln is carried out in several stages:

1. First of all, lay out the ash chamber and the bottom of the first cap with a cover. Typically, a clay-sand mixture with high viscosity and strength is used for masonry.
2. The doors are mounted in brickwork, and they are fastened using galvanized wire.
3. A grate is installed above the ash pan. Then they begin to install the firebox, which is lined from the inside with fireclay bricks, placing it on the edge. When making the solution, sand and fireclay clay. The fire door is secured with wire and a steel plate having a thickness of 2.5 millimeters. Read also: "".
4. On the 12th row of brickwork, you should block the combustion chamber and then, using a level, install a cast-iron stove with burners. On the left side of the structure, the first cap and channel intended for summer movement are laid.
5. After the installation of the slabs is completed, the walls of the cooking chamber are laid out. On the left side, the construction of the lower cap continues.
6. In the cooking chamber, in the inner row, a summer valve is installed, which is necessary for lighting the stoves.
7. In the 20th row, the first of the hoods and the cooking chamber are blocked. In continuous brickwork It is necessary to leave holes for the vent of the cooking compartment, the summer passage and the lifting channel. To do this, the bricks are supported on steel corners in order to strengthen the heating structure and thereby increase its reliability.
8. The portal at the cooking chamber should be closed with hinged fireplace doors. A good solution would be to equip the doors with inserts made of heat-resistant glass. If they are available, it becomes possible to control the combustion process and at the same time observe how the flames look. Read also: "".
9. After covering the cooking chamber and the lower hood using two brick rows, they begin to lay out the upper hood. Cleaning doors are installed in convenient places for use to help remove soot.
10. The walls of the hood are erected almost to top point wall opening. At the top the oven is covered with two brick rows. For additional thermal insulation, the hole between the top of the unit and the overhanging lintel must be filled with mineral wool.
11. If you are making a stove yourself, place a decorative band along its upper perimeter and begin installing a pipe that removes flue gases. The ideal solution A brick chimney is considered, since metal and asbestos pipes often burn out over time. Read also: "".

An original DIY stove is shown in the video: