As heating devices Not only radiators can be used, but also factory-made and home-made heating registers. Previously, such heating devices were most often installed in garages, warehouses, industrial workshops and other commercial facilities. In order to reduce the cost of installing autonomous heating systems, similar products began to be used in low-rise residential buildings. It’s worth noting right away that heating rooms using heating registers is less effective compared to batteries. The latter benefit due to the larger heat transfer area formed by additional plates that are not included in the registers basic design. If desired, the owner of the object can eliminate this disadvantage by welding vertically oriented metal plates to round pipes. Otherwise, this problem can still be solved by increasing the number of welded pipes of smaller diameter. This modification of the design of heating registers is resorted to not only in order to increase the heat transfer of the device, but also to implement design ideas.
For the manufacture of heating registers, smooth-walled pipes of the same diameter and the same length are prepared. The diameter can range from 32 to 80 mm. Wider pipe products should not be used because domestic boilers will not be able to provide the heating device with coolant in sufficient quantity. The registers will not be able to warm up well, which means they will not provide heat to the room in which they are installed.
Using gas welding or electric welding, these workpieces, located parallel to each other, are welded together with pipes of smaller diameter. Through these transverse tubes (pipes) the coolant flows, circulating in the heating system of the house.
Classic designs of heating registers
Option #1 - horizontal register
Most often, when manufacturing a heating register, two or three parallel pipes laid horizontally are connected. The distance between adjacent sections in the register must necessarily be 50 mm greater than the diameter. Coil designs of registers are also popular, divided into several types depending on the method of connecting devices to the heating system.
Heating registers of coil type: L - length of the heating device, D - pipe diameter, h - distance between pipes (50 mm greater than the diameter)
The length of the heating devices is selected in accordance with the dimensions of the room or room in which it is planned to install the heating system. Besides listed types There are also designs of heating registers:
- single-pipe products;
- four-pipe devices;
- five-pipe models, etc.
The number of pipes used in one heating register depends on the area of the heated room, the quality of the object’s thermal insulation, the presence of other heat sources in the room, etc. By going through the possible pipe diameters, calculate optimal sizes products that will maintain optimal temperature regime.
Horizontal heating registers from smooth pipes used for lower pipeline routing. In this case, the products are carefully placed around the perimeter of the room closer to the floor surface. In a residential building, pipes go under the windows. IN production premises The location of heating devices depends on the height of the ceilings, the layout of the facility and the placement of industrial equipment.
Heating registers successfully heat social facilities. Caring for such heating devices is much easier than cast iron radiators.
Option #2 - vertical registers
When remodeling apartments and expanding their living space with balconies and loggias, it is necessary to dismantle the batteries installed by the developer when handing over the property. In this case, the dismantled radiators are replaced with vertical heating registers welded from a large number of round pipes large diameter. These heating devices are placed in a wall located next to the window opening.
If necessary, vertical heating registers are covered with decorative grilles, which turn required element heating systems into an interior decor item. You can disguise the location of the “bundle” of parallel pipes using mirrors, colored glass, mosaics, forged gratings, as well as by placing shelves, hangers, cabinets and others useful items no bulky furniture.
It is possible to ensure the movement of coolant in a vertical register installed in an autonomous heating system of a private house using a circulation pump. Horizontal registers are also used for natural coolant circulation, if they are installed with a slight slope (0.05% is sufficient).
How many registers are needed to heat a house?
Pipes supplying coolant to heating devices can, to some extent, also be considered registers. And the heated towel rail installed in every bathroom is also a kind of heating register. When calculating exact quantity Heating registers necessary for comfortable heating of the room take into account a number of factors influencing the amount of heat loss:
- thickness of load-bearing walls and material of their manufacture;
- glazing area;
- Number of doors;
- thermal insulation of floor and ceiling;
- orientation of the house to the cardinal points, etc.
A simplified calculation takes into account the heat transfer of one meter of pipe. For example, it has already been calculated that one linear meter of 60 mm diameter pipe heats one square meter living area of the room (provided that the ceiling height is no more than 3 m).
If you purchase ready-made heating registers instead of radiators, you will not be able to achieve significant cost savings. It is possible to reduce financial costs only if you independently manufacture register-type heating devices from materials purchased in bulk at discounts on the market. Welding work must also be done by hand. Otherwise, the cost of a professional welder’s services will cover all the benefits from the wholesale purchase of pipes and connecting elements.
Installation methods: welding or threading?
The biggest problem when carrying out installation work The assembly and installation of heating registers involves welding work. Heating appliances are assembled from individual parts outside the room, and then the heating system is installed from the prepared blanks using gas welding. Welds can be replaced threaded connections, which are inferior to them in strength and durability, but subject to the technology of work and use modern materials can ensure long-term operation of heating equipment.
A heating register in a garage or warehouse is an independent device that allows you to heat a technical room using electricity
Homemade registers from round pipes
On the market you can purchase homemade heating registers sold by professional welders. If finished goods The dimensions do not suit you, then welding masters will make heating devices to individual order. Quality homemade products is not questioned, therefore they are built into autonomous heating systems without fear or risk.
“Samovars” with heating elements are also popular among consumers. This is the name for heating registers that independently heat individual rooms using electricity. Instead of water, oil, antifreeze or any other non-freezing liquid is poured into the pipes. Heating of the coolant is carried out by a conventional heating element operating from a network with a voltage of 220 V. “Samovars” in their design resemble oil radiators produced in factories. “Samovars” are used in extensions where it is impossible or impractical to construct a water heating system. Heating devices operate autonomously, and their performance depends only on the availability of electricity.
A samovar is one of the types of heating registers that are not connected to the home heating system, but heat one of the rooms using electricity
Homemade register from a profile pipe
To make a heating register from a profile pipe, choose a product with your own hands rectangular section(60 by 80 mm), the wall thickness of which is 3 mm. A homemade heating battery (register) is assembled in several stages:
- first, cut the pipe into several pieces of a certain length;
- then markings are made on the blanks for the holes into which the jumpers will be welded;
- make four jumpers from inch round pipe(25 mm);
- plugs are cut from a 3-mm sheet of metal, the size of which is determined by the rectangular section of the profile;
- cut out holes for jumpers in the places where the markings were applied, while the upper and lower pipes of the register should have two holes on one side, and the middle pipe should have four holes (two on both sides of the part);
- on wooden stands(beam) lay out three pipes parallel to each other;
- jumpers are inserted into the holes in the pipes, the parts are leveled and each jumper pipe is electrically welded in three places;
- then the product is turned from a horizontal position to a vertical position;
- begin to weld all stuck jumpers into two seams, adjusting the welding current to prevent the formation of possible leaks;
- after profile pipes cleaned of slag and metal debris that has fallen inside the cavity of the product;
- previously prepared plugs are applied to the ends of the profile pipes, grabbed diagonally, and then thoroughly welded along the entire perimeter of the rectangular section of the profile;
- use a grinder to lightly grind the weld seams along the entire heating register;
- a hole is cut out in the upper pipe of the homemade register for Mayevsky’s tap;
- connecting the register to the heating system can be done from the bottom, side, top or by a combination listed options(bottom and top, diagonally, etc.):
- the exit hole is closed with a plug, the register is filled with water, after which the master inspects all welded joints, eliminating the possibility of leakage through microcracks;
- weld floor supports from steel corners or brackets that allow you to mount the device on the wall.
Such a register has high heat transfer due to the large amount of coolant flowing through profile pipes. The jumpers should be located as close as possible to the end edges of the horizontal parts. The coolant is supplied through the inlet pipe located in the upper pipe. After passing through all the elements of the device, the coolant flows out through the outlet pipe located on the lower pipe.
A heating register of four parallel pipes connected by side riser pipes heats the living space
As you can see, making a heating register with your own hands is not at all difficult if you have a welding machine and experience working with it. Homemade heating devices can be welded to exactly match the dimensions of the heated room. To purchase a ready-made heating register, you will have to prepare three times more money than to purchase all necessary materials for self-welding of the product. To ensure long-term operation of the device, purchase pipes made of carbon steel, low-alloy stainless steel or cast iron.
Heating of technical premises requires inexpensive and easy-to-use heating devices. For premises such as warehouses, workshops, garages and production halls, heating registers made of smooth pipes are simply irreplaceable. They are very helpful in rooms with increased requirements for cleanliness, as they are easily cleaned of dust and all kinds of contaminants.
When deciding to install heating registers, you must carefully study them specifications and application features. The simplest configurations of these devices can be made independently; more complex models of ornate shapes require factory manufacturing conditions. One way or another, to ensure optimal temperature conditions, the parameters of the registers must be determined on the basis of thermal engineering calculations.
Types of heating registers
Heating registers are a group of pipelines located parallel to each other and communicating with each other. They may differ in material, shape and design.
Materials for production
Most often, heating registers are made of smooth steel pipes according to GOST 3262-75 or GOST 10704-91. The use of electric welded pipes is preferable due to their ability to withstand more high pressure. However, in practice it is also quite common water and gas pipes, which are operated no less successfully. Such heating devices can easily withstand all kinds of mechanical damage and loads, as well as work with any coolant.
There are also models from of stainless steel. They are installed in rooms with increased requirements for aesthetics and durability. Due to the increased cost, the use of stainless steel registers is most justified in bathrooms. High corrosion resistance and a variety of configurations of stainless steel heated towel rails allow them to be used even in the most modern interiors bathrooms.
Aluminum and bimetallic registers are more efficient in terms of heat transfer. They are lightweight and aesthetically pleasing and work well in systems individual heating with well-organized water treatment. In other cases, low quality coolant leads to rapid failure of devices.
Sometimes you can find registers made of copper. They are usually used in systems where the main wiring is copper. They are easy to work with, very attractive and durable. In addition, the thermal conductivity of copper is approximately 8 times higher than steel, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the size of the heating surface. A common disadvantage of all devices made of non-ferrous metals - sensitivity to operating conditions - limits the scope of application of copper registers.
Design
The most characteristic designs of traditional steel registers can be divided into 2 types:
- Sectional;
- Serpentine.
The first is characterized by a horizontal arrangement of pipelines and the use of vertical narrow jumpers between them. The second involves the use of straight and arcuate elements of the same diameter, which are connected by a snake using welding. When using stainless steel or non-ferrous metals, the pipes are simply bent to give the required configuration.
There are three options for connecting pipes:
- Threaded;
- Flanged;
- For welding.
They can be located either on one side of the device or on different ones. The coolant outlet is provided under the supply or diagonally from it. Sometimes there is a lower connection of lines, but in this case the heat transfer is significantly reduced.
In sectional registers, there are 2 types of connections depending on the method of arranging jumpers:
- "Thread";
- "Column".
Plain tube registers can be used as registers for the main heating system or as separate heaters. For autonomous operation, a heating element of the required power is installed inside the device and connected to the network. Antifreeze or oil is often used as a coolant for portable electrical registers made of steel, because... it does not freeze during storage or during a power outage.
When used separately from common system heating required additional accommodation expansion tank at the top of the device. This avoids pressure increases due to volume expansion during heating. The size of the container is selected based on the ability to accommodate about 10% total number liquid in the heater.
For autonomous use of the register made of steel pipes, legs with a height of 200 - 250 mm are welded to it. If the device is part of a heating circuit, its movement is not planned and the walls are strong enough, then a stationary mount is used using brackets. Sometimes used for very massive registers combined option installations, i.e. The device is placed on stands and additionally fixed on the wall.
Specifications
Technical requirements for heating devices, including tubular radiators, are standardized by GOST 31311-2005. According to this standard, pipes in accordance with GOST 3262, GOST 8734, GOST 10705, GOST 10706 with a wall thickness of at least 1.25 mm must be used for their manufacture. At the same time, heated towel rails are allowed to be made from carbon steel with a wall of at least 3 mm, stainless steel, as well as brass (copper-zinc alloys) in accordance with GOST 15527.
It is also possible to use other materials if the heating devices comply with all provisions of the standard and have the necessary strength characteristics. The design of devices is not standardized and remains at the discretion of the manufacturer, subject to compliance with basic requirements. This gives complete freedom for creativity and allows you to create unique design configurations of tubular radiators, which significantly expands the scope of their application.
The characteristics of heating registers made of smooth pipes depend on the selected material, size and configuration. They are determined using special formulas, tables or manufacturer’s materials.
Let's consider the main parameters of conventional steel registers. They are characterized by the use of large diameter pipes, mainly in the range of 32 – 219 mm. They endure operating pressure up to 100 Pa (10 kgf/m²). The coolant can be a variety of liquids - water, antifreeze, oil - or high-temperature steam.
Having detailed drawing, a register from smooth steel pipes can be made by hand by any craftsman with the skills to perform welding work. To do this, just find the source material, a welding machine and an angle grinder. You can also order the register at the factory according to individual drawings.
Important! It is necessary to maintain not only the length, diameter and number of pipes, but also the distance between them. Too close a location significantly reduces the heat transfer of the device due to the mutual influence of the elements. If the distance is made too large, then the height of the device can be enormous and not convenient to install and use. The optimal spacing of the rows of the heating register is considered to be 1.5 radii, but not less than 50 mm.
For getting best results all parameters must be determined on the basis of thermal calculations, based on the required heat transfer and the characteristics of the room. Without proper calculation, even a well-made register may not be able to cope with heating the available area.
Calculation of heating registers made of smooth pipes
Calculation of heating registers is carried out to determine the amount of heat supplied from the existing register, as well as to determine the required dimensions of the device to provide the required heating power.
Advice: Before you start calculating the register parameters, you should clearly determine the temperature regime and heat loss of the room. The method for calculating them is a separate topic, but if you need high-quality heating, then it’s worth understanding this issue so as not to redo it later.
The amount of heat (W) coming from the pipe is determined by the formula:
Q=K ·F · ∆t,
K– heat transfer coefficient, W/(m 2 · 0 C), is taken depending on the pipe material and coolant parameters;
F– pipe surface area, m 2, calculated as the product π d l,
Where π = 3,14, a d And l– diameter and length of the pipe, respectively, m;
∆t– temperature difference, 0 C, determined in turn by the formula:.
∆t= 0.5·(t 1 + t 2) – t to,
Where: t 1 And t 2– temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the boiler, respectively;
t to– temperature in the heated room.
On a note: For a single steel pipe filled with water, the heat transfer coefficient to air is generally 11.3 W/(m 2 0 C). For a register with several rows, a reduction factor of 0.9 for each thread is approximately accepted.
The values of heat transfer coefficients for steel smooth-tube registers are given in the table.
To determine the register size, you need thermal power divided by the heat transfer per linear meter of pipe. This will give the approximate total length of the threads. Next, taking into account the dimensions of the room, the width of the device is taken and the number of rows is calculated.
Advice: Since an increase in the diameters of the threads and their number reduces the efficiency of the device, the heat transfer of the register should be increased primarily by increasing its length.
For faster calculations, you can use an online calculator, but there is a high risk of getting an erroneous result. Therefore, before using automatic calculation, it’s worth doing at least one manually and checking the results.
Non-freezing liquids have a lower heat capacity and give off less heat than water. Thus, registers with antifreeze must have an increased surface area compared to those operating with water. To calculate them, it is necessary to take into account the properties of the liquid itself.
Advantages and disadvantages
Heating registers made of smooth pipes have many advantages:
- For large premises they are one of best options heating devices. Due to their considerable length, they provide uniform heating and create comfortable conditions. The heating is not local, but extensive.
- The hydraulic resistance is very low compared to cast iron or steel radiators. This allows you to significantly reduce pressure losses in the system, and, accordingly, the costs of pumping coolant. This same feature makes it possible to use it for large rooms. open system heating with natural circulation.
- Straight sections of large diameter pipes are less susceptible to silting and overgrowing, unlike radiators complex shape. Therefore, heating registers practically do not need to be flushed.
- A simple design can be made with your own hands from available materials with significant savings.
- The service life is quite long, at least 25 years. The degree of reliability depends mainly on the quality of the welds.
- The smooth surface makes cleaning easy. This feature allows registers to be used in rooms with increased sanitary standards.
- Convenient for drying towels, linen and clothes.
The disadvantages of registers made of smooth pipes include:
- Small heating surface per unit length, which forces the use of large-sized devices;
- High metal consumption;
- Large diameters force the use of a large volume of coolant, which makes the system very inertial and difficult to regulate;
- The unattractive appearance of budget models and the huge price of non-standard design configurations.
Conclusion
Heating registers made of smooth pipes are durable “indestructible” devices with good performance characteristics. They have relatively simple design, their calculation and assembly can be done independently.
The features of smooth-tube registers determine their scope of application. These heating devices can be found in public buildings, medical institutions, warehouses, workshops, garages, greenhouses, greenhouses, hangars, industrial workshops. Tube radiators are ideal solution for bathrooms, large rooms and non-standard architectural forms. In some cases, their installation for heating a private home may be justified.
PK Energocontrol LLC manufactures heating registers of all shapes and sizes. Production time from 2 days! We only use new pipe! Coil and sectional heating registers made of electric-welded steel and seamless pipes. It is possible to manufacture heating registers both according to standard drawings and according to individual sketches of the customer. Delivery and installation of registers on site is carried out. The cost is calculated individually.
Heating registers made of smooth pipes are several steel pipes of sufficiently large diameter connected together, stretched along the walls of the heated room. Moreover, they can be equal in length to the size of the room. Here you can play with the diameter of the pipe and thus accurately select a design that will ensure optimal temperature conditions. There may be more than one pipe. If the number of pipes is from 2 to 5, then they are connected in parallel into batteries by welding.
The devices are welded from pipes DN 32 - 100 mm, located from each other at a distance 50 mm greater than the diameter of the pipes from which the register is made, which reduces mutual radiation and accordingly increases heat transfer to the room. This design is very reliable: with high-quality welding work, it can last up to 30 years without repair, and is capable of heating large areas.
Heating registers made of smooth pipes have one of the highest heat transfer coefficients, their dust-collecting surface is small and they are easy to clean.
Heating registers can be an ideal means of heating not only in production and technical premises (garage, outbuilding), but also in apartments and private houses with an autonomous heating system. Heating registers are widely used for heating small apartments or individual rooms in an autonomous heating system.
By the way, a register is not necessarily a bundle of parallel pipes. There may be one pipe. It is only important to choose the correct diameter that corresponds to the required heat transfer.
Our advantages:
- We use only new pipe!
- Production time: from 2 days
- Low price due to our own production
- Manufacturing both according to standard drawings and individual sketches of the customer
- Delivery in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region, Moscow and Moscow region, all over Russia
- Installation of registers on site
Characteristics of heating registers
- Material: steel pipe
- Connection: flange, external thread or welding
- Working environment; water, steam
- Pressure; 10 kgf/cm 2, 1 MPa
- Heat dissipation 1 m: up to 550 W
- Pipe diameter: from 32 to 219 mm
- Pipe distance: 50mm (recommended)
Types of heating registers
Despite the apparent diversity, all models can be divided into two main types: sectional and S-shaped (coil).
Sectional devices consist of one or more pipes closed with plugs. Water flows into the top pipe through a pipe, then at the other end it flows into the next pipe, etc.
This heat exchanger is made from a smooth steel pipe with a diameter of 25 to 400 mm. The most popular diameters are 76, 89, 108 and 159 mm. The inlet and outlet pipes can be threaded or flanged, and welding is also possible.c In addition, the device has a threaded fitting to which an air vent is connected. The maximum operating coolant pressure allowed in such devices is 10 kgf/cm² or 1 MPa.
The plugs can be flat or elliptical. The transition from one section to the next is done as close to the edge as possible, since the amount of heat transferred to the medium depends on this.
In the coil, the pipes are connected by arcs, the diameter of which is equal to the sectional one, that is, we have one continuous pipe. With this shape, the effective heat transfer area increases, since the entire surface of the pipe works.
It is also worth noting that with the S-shaped configuration there are no areas of narrowing of the pipes, and this significantly reduces the hydraulic resistance of the coolant in the device.
Register calculation
When installing an autonomous heating system in a house using registers, you need to make an accurate calculation of the number of devices and the preferred diameter of the pipes used.
When choosing a heating register, you need to pay attention to the diameter of the pipes that are used in its design. Perfect option- 32 millimeters. At the same time, experts do not recommend making devices from pipes with a diameter of more than 80 millimeters. The reason is that the boilers will not be able to give required amount coolant that would warm them up well. But for each building it is required to accurately calculate the number of pipes and their diameter in the register.
When calculating the exact number of heating registers required for comfortable heating of the room, you will have to take into account some factors that influence the amount of heat loss, namely:
- thickness of load-bearing walls, material of their manufacture
- number of windows (glazing area) and doors
- thermal insulation of floor and ceiling
- orientation of the house to the cardinal points, etc.
In a simplified calculation, only the heat transfer rate of one meter of pipe is taken into account. It is known that 1 linear meter of pipe with a diameter of 60 mm can easily heat 1 m2 of space if the ceiling height does not exceed 3 meters. Thus, for a room with a ceiling height of no more than 3 m and an area of 20 m2, you will need 20 m of steel pipe with a diameter of 60 mm.
Let us note the fact that the installation of a heating system with both registers and radiators is no different in cost. The difference in price will depend only on the cost of the pipes, the number of joints, the size of the devices and the cost of welding work. Register heating is best used for lower pipe distribution in both single-story and multi-story buildings.
Calculation of the number of registers for space heating
Given the known area of the room, the diameter and length of the pipes, it is possible to calculate the number of registers to ensure comfortable temperature. With a room height of 3 m, each linear meter of pipe is capable of heating the area:
| External diameter pipes (mm) | Square heating (m²) |
|---|---|
| 25 | 0,5 |
| 32 | 0,56 |
| 40 | 0,69 |
| 57 | 0,94 |
| 76 | 1,19 |
| 89 | 1,37 |
| 110 | 1,66 |
| 133 | 2 |
| 159 | 2,43 |
To warm 1 m² of room area, you need:
- 2 m of pipe having a diameter of 1/2 inch;
- 1.5 m of pipe having a diameter of ¾ inches;
- 1 m of pipe having a diameter of 1 inch.
This data will help in deciding which pipes are best to choose in a given situation for the manufacture of registers.
Advantages of Registers
- Due to intensive heat exchange with environment can heat a room of significant volume with fairly modest and compact dimensions of the device itself;
- Does not require high-tech production; electric welding and an angle grinder with a cutting disc are sufficient;
- It is made of fairly cheap material - steel, cast iron or stainless steel;
- Withstands significant pressure (10 kgf/m²) and is capable of working not only with water, oil and other liquids, but also with steam;
- It is possible to manufacture according to customer drawings, self-production and use various configurations, plugs, coating materials and fittings;
- The price of the device, taking into account effective heat transfer, is significantly lower than that of other heat exchangers.
If you use a register, heating will be effective with a fairly compact size of the heat exchanger. That is why this type of heating devices is used in large rooms and production workshops.
In addition, it is preferable to use registers for heating premises with increased fire and sanitary standards.
Heating registers – special devices, which are used to increase the efficiency of heat exchange between the indoor environment and the coolant. They are installed in heating systems of industrial, production and warehouse premises, as well as residential and office buildings. What kind of devices these are and what their advantages are, we will tell you in the material below.
Types of heating registers
In terms of structure, heating registers are steel pipes combined with a heating system with pipes of a smaller diameter. There are 2 main types of heating registers.
Sectional
Sectional steel heating registers made of smooth pipes can consist of either one or several sections, the ends of which are closed with plugs. The incoming coolant pipe cuts into top part sections. Moving from side to side, water gradually fills the entire section.
To manufacture this type of heat exchanger, smooth steel pipes with a cross section of 25-400 mm are used. The most commonly used pipes are 76, 89, 108 and 159 mm in diameter. The insertion of inlet and outlet pipes can be done with a thread, flange connection or welding.
Additionally, the equipment is equipped with a threaded fitting into which an air vent is connected. Such steel registers are designed for a maximum coolant pressure within 10 kgf/cm2 or 1 MPa.
The plugs installed on the sides of the pipe are flat or elliptical. They try to make transitions between pipes as close to the edges as possible in order to increase the heat transfer of the equipment.
Coil
Unlike a sectional one, a coil heat exchanger consists of one long pipe, bent in the shape of the letter S. It uses pipes of a similar cross-section, and there are no areas of narrowing.
Thanks to the special shape of the design, the heat transfer of heating registers increases of this type and the hydraulic resistance of the coolant decreases.
In most cases, heating registers are made of smooth-walled high-carbon steel pipes. However, you can also find devices made of stainless or low-alloy steel, as well as cast iron.
By using heating registers, even if they are of a compact size, it is possible to achieve high efficiency heating In this regard, these devices are actively used in large industrial and warehouse premises.
It is worth noting that the use of registers is especially important in premises that are subject to increased sanitary and fire safety requirements.
Calculation of heating registers - how to calculate correctly
When deciding to install this type of heat exchanger in your apartment, you should decide how to calculate heating registers.
For these purposes, use the following formula:
Q = πd n Lk(t g - t o)×(1 - η from), in which:
π = 3.14 – constant value;
d n – external section of the pipe, m;
L – length of the segment, m;
t o – air temperature in the building in which the register will be installed;
t r – temperature of water circulating in the pipeline;
k is the heat transfer coefficient, the value of which is 11.63 W/m2 ℃;
η from – insulation heat transfer coefficient. If the device is isolated, the value of η from = 0.6-0.8. In devices without insulation, this coefficient is zero.
Let's calculate the heating registers for a pipe with a cross-section of 159 mm and a length of 5 m. The water temperature in the circuit is 80 ℃, and the air temperature in the room is 23 ℃.
Q=3.14×0.159×5×11.63×(80-23)×(1-0)=1654.8 W.
The result of calculating registers made of smooth pipes for heating showed the power of a heat exchanger that uses one horizontal pipe. If it consists of several rows, a reduction factor of 0.9 is applied for each subsequent level.
In order not to go into details on how to calculate the number of heating registers, you can use online calculators, however, their results quite often remain far from the truth. In this regard, it is advisable to still understand the formula and calculate heating registers from pipes in order to check how correct the result is produced by the calculator.
When installing heating registers, you should adhere to the requirements of GOST. Since the connection must be strong and reliable, in order to withstand the weight of the device with the coolant inside, a welding machine is required.
Device characteristics
Heating registers have several qualities that distinguish them from other heating devices:
- Thanks to effective heat exchange with the surrounding space, small-sized devices are able to heat large rooms.
- Making a heat exchanger is quite simple - you only need a welding machine and an angle grinder with a cutting disc.
- You can use any available materials– pipes made of cast iron, stainless steel or steel.
- The devices are able to withstand high pressure (10 kgf/m2) and can operate on any coolant - water, oil, other liquids, steam.
- The device can be assembled either according to ready-made drawings or according to those drawn up independently. Various configuration options, plugs, additional elements and finishing materials are allowed.
- Final cost a heat exchanger made of smooth pipes will be lower than that of other devices with a similar level of efficiency.
It is worth noting that the larger the total surface area of the device, the higher its heat transfer. In turn, the area depends on the cross-section of the pipe and the length of the section.
Please note that the efficiency of the equipment will depend on the number of levels and the space between them, the configuration of the device (S-shaped or sectional), the type of material used, as well as the presence of insulation and the properties of the coolant.
In most cases, heating registers have the following characteristics:
- Electric-welded carbon steel pipes are used for the heat exchanger.
- The pipes are connected in one of the following ways: flanged, external threaded, and welded.
- The maximum pressure value is 10 kgf/m2.
- The cross-section of pipes in sections is 32-219 mm.
- The minimum distance between levels is 50 mm.
- The cross-section of the connecting jumpers is from 32mm.
Heating registers with heating element
In cases where it is impossible to lay heating pipes in the room, install special kind registers - with heating element. Its power ranges from 1.6-6 kW, and the required operating voltage 220 V at frequency alternating current 50 Hz.
Sometimes the device comes with circulation pump, which provides efficient heat transfer heating register thanks to increased coolant circulation.
If the equipment operates autonomously, it is filled with antifreeze. In this mode, the heating element is able to maintain the surface temperature within 80 ℃.
In cases where the devices are built into a common heating system, the heating element turns on when the coolant temperature drops, or turns off if it is not needed.
Advantages of the equipment
The main advantages of this type of heat exchanger can be considered:
- ease of use;
- ease of maintenance (cleaning);
- the presence of a large heat-transfer area with small dimensions;
- high fire safety;
- economical energy consumption in the presence of a heating element;
- Possibility of use as a heated towel rail;
- Wide range of applications – can be installed in warehouses, production workshops, shopping pavilions and office buildings, as well as in hospitals and clinics.
conclusions
If you decide to equip your home with this type of heating device, we advise you to carefully understand the features of its operation, as well as study the intricacies of creating and installing registers. Additional reference literature will greatly help you with this.
The heating register is component heating system, a device consisting of several parallel horizontal smooth pipes. This type of heating device has not gained much popularity among private homeowners, and there are objective reasons for this. A register-based heating system has a large volume of coolant, which requires much more energy to heat than with conventional radiators.
Application area
Currently, water heating registers are mostly used in industries (workshops, workshops, warehouses, hangars and other buildings with large areas). The large volume of coolant and large dimensions allow the registers to efficiently heat such rooms.
Using heating registers in industrial buildings ensures the most optimal efficiency of the heating system. Compared to cast iron or, registers are characterized by better hydraulics and heat transfer. The relatively low cost of their manufacture reduces the cost of installing the entire factory heating system. In addition, they are not expensive to operate.
Despite this, the concept of economy does not apply to this species heating devices. As noted above, heating a large volume of coolant requires a lot of energy.
Heating registers at one of the food industry production facilities in the Moscow region.
Heating registers made of steel electric-welded pipes can be used in both single-pipe and two-pipe heating systems with forced or gravity circulation of the coolant (based on water or steam).
Note! Due to the large volume of coolant, which requires a lot of fuel to heat, the use of heating registers can only be afforded by enterprises, but not by the owners of private houses, for whom efficiency is important heating system.
Advantages
- The large length of the devices (up to 6 m) allows you to heat the entire area of the room evenly and in the shortest possible time.
- High hydraulic characteristics.
- Relatively low price. The cost of a mobile 3-pipe device (designed to heat a room up to 200 m²) with steel pipes with a diameter of 108 mm, a wall thickness of 3.8 mm and a length of 3 m, with a power of 2.5 kW is about 13,000 rubles.
- Easy to use. The devices can be easily and quickly cleaned from accumulated dust and other contaminants.
Mayevsky tap at the top of the register.
Flaws
- The large volume of coolant does not allow efficient use of registers in private homes. Home boilers simply will not be able to heat such an amount of water, or the heating will be insufficient.
Advice! To increase the power of the entire heating system of a private home, in addition to the boiler, a tubular electric heater can be installed. The heating element is mounted in the lower pipe of the register and is additional source heat. In the coldest weather, when the boiler cannot cope with heating the house, you can turn on the heating element.
Technical characteristics of heating registers
- Working pressure: 10 atmospheres
- Working medium (coolant): water, steam.
- Connection type: threaded or welded.
- Heat dissipation: 500-600 W/meter
There are 3 main types of registers:
- sectional U-shaped;
- S-shaped coils;
- “mixed” (U-shaped coil).
The main elements of heating registers are steel pipes (or pipes made of stainless steel grade 304) with a diameter of 25 to 200 mm. Registers with a diameter of 25 to 100 mm are used for heating factory premises for administrative or utility purposes; devices with a diameter of 100 to 200 mm are used in production workshops or large sports complexes(swimming pools, volleyball, basketball courts).
As for private households, the use of registers is one of the most ineffective ways to heat a private home.
2-pipe register.
The number of sections of the device can be unlimited and depends only on the area of the room and the required heat transfer.
Advice! Applying too much a large number of pipes (more than 4) it will still not be possible to significantly increase the power of the entire device, because heated by bottom pipes ascending warm air will be less able to accept thermal energy from the top pipes.
Manufacturing of heating registers
Steel pipes are used for the production of heating registers various diameters(25-200 mm), which are welded together at a distance of 50 mm from each other (reducing the distance between the pipes can lead to a decrease in heat transfer). This distance allows you to achieve maximum heat transfer and minimize mutual radiation.
The register includes supply and return, as well as an air vent with a ball valve installed in the upper part of the device. The supply and return pipes can be made in two versions:
- Threaded connection;
- Welded connection.
At individual order registers at the manufacturer, registers can be supplied either ready-made, assembled, or disassembled, which allows you to save money on logistics.
How to make a heating register with your own hands?
Unlike other heating devices, the production of which requires complex, expensive equipment, water heating registers can be made with your own hands. The main thing that is required for manufacturing is smooth steel pipes and the ability to use welding machine. If you weld it yourself, you will get the cheapest option, but if you have to invite a third-party welder to carry out welding work, such a register may be more expensive than the factory one. In this case, you should think about whether it’s worth doing this yourself or whether it’s easier to buy a factory device.
So, if registers are made for use in a private home, you will need the following tools and materials:
- Steel pipes with a diameter of 25 to 100 mm, or profile pipes of a similar size;
- Jumpers made of steel pipe with a diameter of 25-32 mm;
- Pipe plugs;
- Inlet and outlet pipes for welding or threaded connection;
- Branch pipe for air vent with ball valve;
- Fastening elements (brackets for fastening to the wall, or floor stands);
- Welding machine;
- Electrodes;
- Facilities personal protection welder (mask, gloves).
- Gas key;
- Angle grinder;
- Centimeter;
- Building level;
Important! If a heating register made of steel pipes acts as autonomous system heating a separate room, when the heat source is a heating element built into the device, then in this case it is mandatory.
After completing the welding work and connecting components (etc.), the register is pressurized. If no leak is detected, the device is painted. If a leak is detected, the coolant is drained and problem area brews again.
How to improve register efficiency?
Registers have a relatively small heat-transfer surface and to increase it, metal plates can be used, which are welded vertically to the pipes. The result is a kind of finned tube.
In addition, the registers can be improved in such a way that they will “produce” convector heating. To do this, instead of metal plates, round or profile pipes are welded vertically onto the front of the device, which will create a convection effect. Convection is based on the fact that hot air always rises. Cool air located in the floor area is drawn in through the bottom of the pipe and, when heated, rises. As the air passes through the pipe, it heats up and exits, already heated, through the top of the pipe.
Calculation of heating registers made of smooth pipes
The calculation is made using the following formula:
Q = 3.14*D*L*K* (Tr – To), where
- Q – pipe heat transfer
- D – pipe diameter (measured in meters)
- L – pipe length (m)
- K – heat transfer coefficient
- To – room air temperature
- Tr – coolant temperature
Thus, by substituting the values of each specific room, the heat transfer of the lower pipe is calculated. The top pipes have approximately 10% less heat transfer than the bottom pipe.
Note! On average, 1 m² of room requires 1 m of pipe with a diameter of 60 mm.
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