Very often people have to make an extension to their house. The reason may be the need to increase space, but simple redevelopment does not solve this problem, and you have to expand. Or the house was originally designed inconveniently - for example, with the “box” that was previously adopted by architects, which today is completely out of date, because it is in fashion now complex projects. Perhaps the early construction did not take into account the “wind rose”, so it was necessary to make an additional protective structure in the form of a garage, veranda or workshop.

In general, there are many reasons why people decide to interfere with the integrity of their home. At the same time, very often it is necessary to remodel wooden housing - especially if it is an old housing stock. Let's look at how an extension is made to wooden house and how realistic it is to build it with your own hands.

Not an addition, but a full-fledged part!

It is important to understand that an extension is not at all an add-on to the main building, as the name might suggest. She's the same important element the entire structure. Structurally connected with it and subsequently influencing the entire viability of the house. If this is not taken into account, problems with the stability of the entire house may arise in the future. Not to mention the fact that the appearance of the house may be ruined. Therefore, do not try to save money on good foundation, a well-thought-out project - these flaws will come out after an increase in the cost of maintaining the house, an increase in heat loss and many other surprises. And, of course, you need to coordinate construction projects and obtain all the necessary permits.

The foundation is the basis in every sense

No matter what kind of extension construction you start, you cannot do without a foundation. Since the extension is a structurally independent structure, it is also advisable to carry out its construction in two steps to make the foundation, and after a year, when it has settled down and shrinks, continue the construction of everything else. This will help to avoid deformation changes in the structure and, therefore, prevent the occurrence of cracks and other defects.

The foundation is always built taking into account the terrain, soil, and the weight of the house and extension. It may be U-shaped adjacent to the house, or it may not be connected to it at all (this also happens when they decide to build a fourth wall in an extension).

Concerning wooden house, then the foundation of the extension requires special attention. Depending on the choice of material for the extension and on the method of docking it to the house, the foundation base can be either tied to the house with reinforcement or separated from it expansion joints- so that parts of the house different in materials sit independently and do not lead to the corners of the house.

Frame-based extension

Frame extension fits organically into the design of the house

The construction of an extension to a wooden house can be started from any wall material. However, an extension using frame technology will be preferable to others in terms of price and quality ratio. It will not require a complex foundation and heavy walls. At the same time, the shrinkage of such a structure is minimal; finishing can be done quickly and construction can be completed. At the same time, it is quite possible to do such work with your own hands. By the way, the frame construction method involves thinner walls of the extension without reducing thermal conductivity, so the building is smaller, and the living area itself is larger.

The foundation with such material is sufficient without deepening; it is not difficult to make it with your own hands, for example, strip or tiled. Lays on top of it waterproofing material- roofing felt.

The important point is compliance general style main building. After all, if an old house built from timber or logs, then making and installing an extension from a completely identical material will not be easy both from a technical and material point of view. But it is possible to sheathe a frame extension with a material that imitates the walls of a house. In this case, it will be possible to repeat the cuts, the ends, and other structural elements.

To attach an extension to a wooden house, racks-bars are attached to the walls of the house; wall cladding elements will subsequently be nailed to them. The frame itself can be made with your own hands according to the diagram below.

Stages of work:

1. Lay the perimeter of the strapping with timber at least 15 cm. Use the same timber or board to set corner posts using a level.
2. Make the top trim from edged boards. Secure the boards to the top trim with self-tapping screws.
3. Insulate the walls with expanded polystyrene, polystyrene foam or mineral wool.
4. Lay hydro- and vapor barriers, also securing them with self-tapping screws.
5. Cover the insulation with OSB boards, plywood, plasterboard, etc.

Extension using frame-timber technology

An extension to a house made of timber can be used as part of the house

In general these are all options frame method. In this case, the frame is also a load-bearing part, and the cladding is made of glued or profiled timber of small cross-section. The timber simultaneously acts as an external facing material.

At the same time, if everything is done correctly, adding an extension to a wooden house with your own hands will turn out no worse than in the picture about wooden architecture.

The new part may shrink during the first six months, and to prevent distortion from occurring, it is attached to the old building either with metal brackets or special metal corners. Both are not tightly attached to allow the extension to “play” a little as the timber shrinks.

The connection of two foundations occurs best when both foundations are made using the same method - if using a strip method, then they are fastened with reinforcement. If everything is connected correctly, the extension will be securely attached to the main building, despite the movement of the ground.

Extension made of foam concrete

Foam blocks during construction allow the developer to take advantage of additional architectural opportunities

This material has advantages - it is light, warm, and easy to build with. But at the same time, foam concrete is fragile and subject to deformation. Cladding work cannot be postponed until the next season, so as not to burst the seams, and the quality of the blocks often causes criticism.

Another point is that the heterogeneity of the materials of the extension and the house can lead to displacement from the effects of weather and other factors. Therefore, if you intend to build from foam concrete, then the best option would be not to connect them, but to lay a layer of mineral wool between them, which is then covered with any suitable material.

The same method should be followed with a brick extension. By the way, brick, as well as foam blocks during construction, allow the developer to take advantage of additional architectural opportunities.

Using metal frames for extensions

Metal frames are suitable for the construction of low-rise private housing

Modern manufacturers have recently introduced a new offer - strong and durable metal frames. They are applicable for the construction of low-rise private housing or an extension is needed.

However, compared to frame method this method is more expensive and more difficult. Therefore, private developers are still resorting to reliable wooden frames.

A home extension is an excellent solution for expanding the living or utility space in any type of home. It is important that everyone, without exception, construction works you can do it yourself.

Design Features

Most people buy or build housing based on the possibilities at this moment. But the owners are forced to build an extension to the house based on necessity or desire. The problem arises of how to arrange the necessary square meters so that it works out affordable price, correctly and thoroughly. Again, in order to save money, almost everyone prefers to construct it with their own hands.

Of course, this will require some abilities and construction skills, as well as an understanding of the technologies for performing the work, but nothing particularly complicated in this process No.

The assistance of professionals may be needed at the design stage of the building, in addition, when connecting communications inside the extension. In addition, some difficulties often arise when registering the design with the regulatory authorities. More often, extensions are carried out to create an additional room, garage, veranda, terrace, storage room, porch. There are a large number of alternatives - everything will be determined based on your own needs and wishes.

The main thing is to correctly implement the construction of the foundation, walls, roof and isolate the building from the influence of moisture, in addition, to correctly adjoin the new building to the main one.

A side extension with a connected roof is an acceptable and simple option, since it is only necessary to slightly extend the roof to the size of the extension. When choosing this type, additional square meters are simply added to the main building. Regardless of the materials used, it will be necessary to make an appropriate foundation.

The extension can have any size, however, excessively large structures will look unsightly even on large areas. The choice of an extension with a separate roof will be relevant, as a rule, in those options if it is not possible to make a roof connected to the house yourself. In this case, the costs of building materials and time increase significantly.

The main issue, as a rule, will be the design of the foundation, since during the construction of the house it was unlikely that an extension would be built in the future. For this reason, not any foundation, including the strongest one, can support an additional floor.

If we can confidently say that the foundation can withstand additional overloads, then before starting construction it is necessary to consult with professionals who can not only carry out any required calculations, but also give recommendations on how to strengthen the existing foundation themselves.

You can make an extension with your own hands from SIP panels, aerated concrete, aerated concrete blocks, metal and other materials, if you follow the recommendations of specialists. You can use a foundationless option or on stilts. Today, the two-story corner structure is quite popular. But in any case, you first need to prepare a drawing.

Types and materials

The method of construction will depend largely on what design solutions will be installed. Extensions to a building can be varied. It is important to establish, before construction begins, for what purposes the extension to the building is needed. From this, a decision will be made from what materials it will be made of, what the foundation will be, the presence or absence of communications, the amount and features of thermal and waterproofing, in addition, many other factors. For the construction of extensions, as a rule, timber, brick or foam blocks are used.

Of course, other building materials can be used in accordance with desires, however, these are considered the most popular.

Timber extension

The use of timber to build an extension is the optimal and acceptable option in almost all cases. In this case, it is possible to use any kind of timber - planed, glued, rounded. The characteristic features of the timber make it possible to complete all the work without exception with your own hands and in a short time.

The main advantage of timber is that its production is carried out on woodworking machines, therefore, every time it is possible to select the required form, based on personal requirements and wishes. In the factory, the timber is treated with specific compounds that ensure long-term resistance of the timber to various adverse influences. Regardless of the type of timber, the material is considered environmentally friendly.

If necessary outer part timber can be finished with all kinds of facing or finishing materials.

Brick extension

It should be noted that erecting a brick extension will require certain skills and some experience in bricklaying. Only with a competent approach and following all technologies can you correctly carry out high-quality installation yourself. Otherwise, professionals in bricklaying and similar materials should be hired to carry out the work.

The use of brick for the construction of an extension has some features. If in the future there are no plans to finish or cover the brick wall with other materials, then in this case it is preferable to build the extension on the back side of the building, because even if the brick extension has only one floor, it has an impressive weight, so before its construction you should think about pouring a strong foundation.

The material costs of building a brick extension are impressive, largely due to the need for a strong foundation and the invitation of professionals. It is quite difficult to connect the extension to the house accurately and only on your own.

Foam block extension

An extension made from foam blocks is extremely durable. This material will not require significant expenses and the use of additional thermal insulation materials. Using foam blocks to build additional rooms for a building yourself has several advantages.

There is no need to pour such a strong foundation as when using brick, since foam blocks, with fairly large volumes, have a relatively low mass. And also the use of such blocks will not require finishing the walls of the extension with thermal insulation, Such an extension can be built by yourself and much faster than from brick.

But it is worth noting that additional costs when using foam blocks may be necessary in order to protect the structure from various adverse influences. As a rule, siding or facing brick, as well as other materials.

Frame extension

Construction of an extension to frame basis It is also considered an absolutely acceptable cost option that does not require significant cash outlay. The frame structure is built on the basis of metal beams or wood beams, which are installed according to a special technology. It is possible to do everything yourself, however, if there is a lack of skills in this industry, it is preferable to first consult with experts.

After completing the installation of the frame, lining of the internal and external walls necessary building materials, such as MDF boards, chipboards and others.

One is often interested in the question of what additional elements are formed when installing an effective heat-insulating layer. In this case, the insulation can be polystyrene foam, thermal insulation boards, mineral wool, sprayed insulators. In addition, regardless of the type, the thermal insulation is additionally insulated using moisture-proof insulating materials.

Ideas

It is worth paying attention to several creative ideas from professionals.

• Terrace. These extensions are popular on summer days. However, at the request of the owner, the structure can be insulated, equipped with windows and used in winter time. Verandas can be constructed from any materials, including brick, foam blocks and wood.
• Boiler room. If the house was planned from the very beginning as a summer building, then it may not take into account the space for heating devices. In this case, you should add a place to install heating equipment.
• Bathroom. This type of extension is mainly used in villages, namely in country houses that were not previously equipped with a bathroom. In this case, the room needs to be completed in order to improve amenities. TO brick house the extension can be made from any building materials.
• Living rooms They are being added to in order to expand the living space. In some cases, the size of this type of extension may be larger than the size of the primary structure. Brick or blocks, or less often wood, are used as a building material for the construction of this kind of room.
• Garage added to the building in order to save money due to the possibility of a common wall or to heat the building for cars common system heating. When building a garage, most people use frame construction and brick.
• Bathhouse. This extension is usually attached to a house or cottage. In this case, they have a common wall. For this type of structure, logs are generally used.

Construction Guide

Calculations

Before starting construction of an extension to a building, it must be formally legalized by a special authority, regardless of its purpose. Carrying out calculations, making an estimate of the necessary materials and finding out the cost of the future structure are the initial tasks. For these purposes, you can contact specialists or calculate everything yourself. To calculate the material, it is necessary to calculate the quadrature of the extension.

The calculation is made using the following formula:(perimeter) x (height) = total square footage of the room.

But if windows and doors are planned for the extension, then they need to be subtracted from the total quadrature, namely:(total quadrature of the room) – ((height of the window opening x width) x per quantity + (height of the doorway x width) x quantity) = quadrature for calculating the amount of building materials.

Choosing a type of structure

There are a number of well-known types of extensions. According to statistics, the most common extensions are the following:

• side extension with connected or separate roof;
• superstructure in the form of an attic;
• second floor.

How to build?

To make an extension to a brick house, you should adhere to the following algorithm of actions:

• Construction should begin by marking the territory. For this purpose, the top layer of soil is removed, the area is leveled and markings are made;
• then mark the boundaries of the extension in accordance with the plan. Pegs are driven into the corners of the future building and the cord is pulled;
• Every building requires a solid foundation for the house. It is not recommended to combine the foundation for construction with the main building, since they have different levels of shrinkage;
• a distance of about 5 cm should be maintained between the foundation of the building and the extension;
• When building the foundation, you need to take into account the intended weight of the structure and the properties of the soil. When built on soft ground, the base of the house is likely to shift, which can lead to separation of the extension from the walls of the building. A lightweight foundation cannot withstand the weight of brick walls; for this reason, it is not recommended to build a brick extension on such a foundation. It is preferable to choose a strip base for the extension;

• before pouring concrete, they dig a trench, the scale of which is selected depending on the characteristics of the structure being built;
• formwork is placed in the ditch suitable design, which is made from boards knocked together;
• concrete is prepared from three components of sand, one component of cement and six components of crushed stone;
• the foundation for the extension is flooded in layers. The top of the extension is smoothed with a trowel and left until completely hardened;
• if you need to build an extension in a short time, you can choose a frame system that is easily assembled and folded from a wooden frame and panels;
• finishing can be carried out immediately after construction. If necessary, the extension can be converted.

Planning a future extension to a house requires fairly thorough preparation and at least an approximate calculation of the parameters of the foundation, walls, and roof. It will be necessary to resolve issues of material selection and, of course, you need to understand the issue of how to legalize an extension to the house. Without legal registration of a new house-building plan, the extension will be considered an unauthorized construction and, according to all laws, is subject to demolition.

Where to start planning an extension

Any option for an extension to a house is based on four main documents, on which the future fate of the building will depend:

• Permits for the construction of a building;
• A project for a new building with detailed details of the implementation of the most important components, for example, a diagram of the connection to the main building or the construction of the foundation;
• A diagram of the location of the extension on the site plan, with marked distances between individual buildings;
• Construction estimate.

Often, the construction of an extension to a house is just a small cosmetic expansion of an existing veranda, porch or open terrace. Both elements already appear in the original design of a private house, so its owners believe that nothing needs to be changed in the documents. The external dimensions of a house with an attached premises do not change, the distances between objects according to sanitary and fire safety standards remain the same, so there is no point in having to bother with bureaucratic procedures for re-registration of a permanent building.

This logic can still be understood if we're talking about about a country panel house, wooden dacha or any other structure erected without a foundation or falling under the definition of temporary. If we are talking about the construction of capital-type structures, the arrangement of an extension always entails certain consequences.

For your information! Refusal to register, other than a fine or forced dismantling of a building, is primarily an investment “in the air” with the risk of losing everything.

A professionally designed and built extension to the house, photo, can increase the capitalization of the property from 30 to 60%. The situation is quite common for modern brick buildings erected on the slope of a hill or mountain. Instead of a veranda, an extension to a brick house is being built on stilts, which allows increasing the living space by 40-50%.

Properly executed documents will allow, for example, to increase the amount of collateral in the bank or simply sell the building at its real price. Whereas an illegal extension to the house will only create problems.

Registration of an extension, let's look into the details

In order to correctly assess the possible amount of bureaucratic red tape, it is necessary to draw up the following description in as much detail as possible:

• Decide on the purpose of the future building, its size and location relative to the house;
• Make sketches, you can even draw them by hand, but with mandatory compliance generally accepted rules paperwork, it is best to use ready-made projects for extensions to the house;
• Include in a separate document the details for the construction of the foundation or base, walls and roof of the extension.

All of the above will be required in order to correctly classify buildings. Any options for adding an extension to the house, photos refer either to capital buildings or to non-permanent buildings.

The paperwork scheme depends on how the city inventory bureau employees classify the building.

Papers for non-permanent buildings

The question of correct classification is not as obvious as it might seem at first glance. Non-permanent extensions include:

• Stairs and porches at the new entrance to the house;
• Canopies, terraces, verandas, balconies;
• Auxiliary and temporary extensions, if they do not affect communications or supporting structures of a permanent structure.

Some experts and some lawyers define a non-permanent extension as a structure without a foundation, but it would be wrong to be guided by such a rule in all situations since there are a huge number of by-laws and clarifications to the norms of the Town Planning Code, plus numerous court decisions that contain provisions that contradict each other. Therefore, before legalizing an extension to a private house, it will be useful to get acquainted with at least some of the regulatory documents.

To design such an extension to the house, do the following:

• Order a drawing for the extension and make a technically competent description of the structure;
• Write an application to the Bureau of Technical Inventory to make changes to the passport of a capital building, that is, a house with an extension;
• Wait for the inspection of the erected structure of the extension to the house;
• Document changes to the house design.

As a rule, there are no problems with registering a non-permanent extension to a house, but even if an official refusal is received, registration can be done by court decision.

Design of a permanent extension

Most brick, stone or metal frame extensions are considered permanent by law. One of the arguments used by experts to justify their decision is the presence of a foundation in any form. Therefore, when planning a full-fledged extension to the house, owners show miracles of ingenuity, which is what it costs to erect a building with a cantilever or balcony type fastenings to the walls of the main house.

According to the law, a major extension will require a building permit from the regional department of architecture and capital construction.

Documents to be submitted:

• Application with a photocopy of the passport;
• Registration certificate for the house and attached site plan;
• Project for a future extension with a short explanatory note.

Upon a positive decision, the owner is issued a written permit to erect the structure, subject to the design and registration of the structure in the state register.

After the extension to the house is completed, you will need to go through all the bureaucratic procedures at the BTI, where they may be forced to do an additional examination to determine the compliance of individual components with SNiP and GOST standards. After entering the technical documentation for the house, the changes are registered in the state register of capital construction and real estate.

Of course, you can build a building without all this bureaucracy, but as practice shows, it is still cheaper to register the attached premises.

How to plan a house extension

The second headache of any process of building an extension is the inadequacy of the frame of the main house building. Only in 1 out of 100 cases, when drawing up a house project, does the future owner have the wisdom to foresee the possibility of expanding the main structure of the building through one or two extensions. The most common problems are imperfect foundation systems or complaints from neighbors.

What to do with the foundation

The simplest situation is when a full two-meter strip foundation is laid under the main building. In this case, you can use a shallow type of strip foundation for the attached room without any particular concerns. If the height of the extension is higher than one floor, then the foundation will have to be deepened to the freezing level; the upper reinforced belt will have to be tied to the slab interfloor covering main building.

The most reliable and durable extension to a house is one made on the same foundation as the brick frame of the house. For example, you can use a section of the foundation occupied by an open veranda. To reduce the pressure on the corner sector of the foundation, the extension box is partially supported on the foundation of the veranda, and most of the weight is transferred to piles driven at a distance of at least 60 cm from the blind area line.

If the house stands on a shallow or pile foundation, then the simplest solution to the problem would be to use slab foundation. The foundation slab for the building is poured over an area 2 times larger than the dimensions of the building itself. At first glance it looks wasteful, but in fact it is just a way to reduce the impact on the foundation of the house and make a foundation for the future. In all other cases, experts recommend erecting the building on a pile foundation without rigid attachment to the supporting structures of the house.

Wall and roof materials

Three types of materials are most often used to construct an extension box:

• Gas silicate blocks or foam concrete on strip foundation;
• Wooden or metal frame structures on a pile foundation;
• Void ceramic brick on a slab foundation.

In principle, you can build an extension from any material, even from rubble or concrete blocks, but in practice they try to make the attached room as light as possible so as not to break the foundation, so even brick buildings are a rarity today.

Most often, the box is built from foam concrete blocks; they are lightweight, relatively easy to lay walls and cost less than brick. Thanks to its excellent heat and sound insulation characteristics, the building can be made with huge windows or even an entire wall of glass.

The second most popular is the frame system. The use of a profiled pipe and steel profile allows you to assemble an openwork glass extension on two floors. The weight of such a structure will be only slightly more than a wooden frame, so a particularly powerful foundation for the structure will not be required. The only condition for the construction of a metal-frame extension will be the correct placement of the structure relative to the foundation of the house. The best option is internal corner facade, ensuring maximum rigidity of the foundation and stability of the walls.

Traditionally, they prefer to install an attached room to a house on the corner of the main building. This part of the foundation is brick or block house has the highest rigidity and stability, which in turn has a beneficial effect on the attached box itself.

If the additional room is built from wood concrete or aerated concrete, and the place for the foundation is in the center of the main building, in this case it is necessary to take measures to increase the stability of the attached box by all available means.

As such they may be additional wall made of brick or a rebuilt common roof.

The exception is frame buildings made of timber; as a rule, a box made of boards and timber has sufficient rigidity and relatively light weight, so it can be built anywhere in the house, without regard to the foundation.

Conclusion

Choosing a plan or project small room should be considered possible problems from the neighbors. Oddly enough, according to statistics greatest number Court decisions on the forced demolition of extensions in the private sector are based on complaints and claims against neighboring houses. Therefore, it is not enough to plan the foundation and start construction; it is also necessary to provide the structure permits in case of a possible conflict.

Solving the housing problem if you have your own private house is much easier than in a city apartment. The best option is to make an extension that can be used for a variety of purposes:

• full-fledged living space - extra room;
• living space with an attic (if the extension is two-story);
• utility room - its own pantry, which can largely replace a cellar;
• a spacious terrace or veranda where you can relax with the whole family;
• garage for cars.

Below we will discuss the basics of technology and step-by-step instruction creating an extension to a wooden house.

Before choosing a specific building material and technology for constructing an extension, it is important to clearly define the purpose of the room. Perhaps you should immediately plan to create an extension in which it will be possible to live year-round - in case the family expands or a large number of guests arrive.

Types of extensions

There are several types of extensions to a wooden house. They differ in material, as well as installation features:

1. frame extensions;
2. from cylindrical timber;
3. made of brick;
4. from cinder block.

Before erecting a structure, it is important to take into account all the nuances that may affect the choice of materials and specific type extensions:

Make the right choice specific project extension means correctly correlating the purpose of this structure, the features of the house to which it is attached, with the technology and material of manufacture. To do this, it is important to understand how each type of such structure is built.

Do-it-yourself frame extension: step-by-step instructions and video

A frame extension has a number of advantages:

• the design is quite simple, and if everything is calculated correctly, it is quite possible to do it yourself;
• it is erected much faster than brick and cinder block structures;
• the design is quite light in weight and does not require much effort during operation;
• on thermal insulation, durability and others consumer qualities frame extension to the house is not inferior to others types of structures.

NOTE. If you intend to build a two-story extension, you should consider this option - lightweight design and will not create excessive pressure on the ground, so the risks of subsidence are noticeably reduced.

Preparation for construction

On preparatory stage it is important to solve the following problems:

• What will the frame material be? wooden beams or metal profiles.
• What type of extension will be connected to the main building?
• Accurately calculate all dimensions of the structure and develop a detailed drawing.
• Collect everything necessary materials and tools.

First of all, it is important to decide what type of structure will be built - as a continuation of the house with an increase in the main roof to install a single roof, or as an adjacent building.

It is clear that the second case will be cheaper, simpler and faster - the extension will simply be adjacent to the wall. You can make access from the house directly into it if you make an appropriate hole and install a door.

A diagram of the connection between the structure and the house is presented below.

Structurally, this solution consists of a roof placed on supports. The roof is standardly made of rafters and support boards. For a longer service life, it is advisable to insulate it and lay out a layer of waterproofing. As a rule, it is based on a regular strip foundation.

Interface with the main part of the house occurs at 2 points:

• wall;
• roof.

The connection in each of them has its own characteristics, which will be described below. Preliminary sketch of the extension, as well as practical advice things to consider before starting work:

At the same time, for the roof of the extension it is better to choose a material that is elastic enough to make the necessary corrections. You can purchase corrugated sheeting (height within 1 cm) or soft tiles.

In this sense, slate or traditional ceramic tiles and metal tiles are not suitable.

The frame is made of wood or metal. In this case, all parts should consist of only one type of material - then the extension is more reliable and lasts longer.

NOTE. Even if the house is in good condition, but quite old, the rate of its subsidence will be several times higher than the subsidence of the extension. Accordingly, it is better not to use a rigid type of connection of the structure to the main wall. In this case, another type of installation is used - “groove-ridge”.

As for tools, no special equipment is required: it is important to have a screwdriver, saw, pliers, building level and other tools for woodworking.

Installation work must be carried out by at least two people - some stages will require joint efforts.

Laying the foundation

The first stage of work is laying the foundation. Since in the vast majority of cases, the construction of a house does not involve the construction of a foundation for an extension, the foundation must not only be laid correctly, but also reliably connected to the main foundation.

NOTE. If you are designing the construction of a newly built house, it is better to take into account the extension right away. It can be made after some time, but laying the foundation along with the base of the main building is technically correct option. In this case, the house and the extension will be a single whole, which will ensure their reliability.

The main requirements for the base of the extension are the following:

• reliability – stable maintenance of the weight of the structure without subsidence: especially important for extensions made of heavy materials or two-story buildings;
• maximum identity with the main foundation in terms of material and laying depth;
• the most complete adhesion to the main foundation.

Most often, strip foundations are chosen for extensions, since they are quite capable of coping with such loads. However, installation features always depend on the type of soil. You can lay monolithic foundations, made of brick or concrete blocks, and fill them with drainage materials.

Schematic diagrams of the bases are presented in the figure.

The technology for constructing a strip foundation for an extension does not differ from the usual one. In short, a trench is dug, reinforced and filled with concrete.

Connecting the foundation to the main one

This is the most critical stage. which needs to be given Special attention. Traditionally, two types of connections are used:

• "tape-tape";
• "slab-slab".

According to the “tape-to-tape” type, the stages of work will be as follows:

1. On the installation side of the extension, a trench is dug corresponding to the depth of the main foundation.
2. Next, a hole half a meter in diameter is drilled at the base of the house - for the corners of the foundation of the extension. For all other parts, the hole corresponds to the diameter of the reinforcement at a depth of 2/3.
3. The reinforcement is driven into the foundation of the house; a wooden wedge is used for this.
4. The foundation of the extension is formed using the driven reinforcement.

Installation according to the “slab-to-slab” scheme is possible in 2 cases:

• the width of the main foundation allows for appropriate work (from 450 mm);
• the plate protrudes from the base (at least 300 mm).

Thanks to an extension, it is often possible to solve another important problem - strengthening the old foundation and thereby supporting a sagging house. Visual videos instructions:

Features of laying the foundation in the case of an old house:

Installation of flooring in an extension

Correctly making the floor in the future room is important from the point of view of 2 factors:

• thermal insulation;
• surface evenness.

It is important to make a high-quality floor, especially in cases where the extension to the house will be used as an additional room with the possibility of year-round use.

The strip foundation allows you to install both a concrete floor and make it out of wood. In the case of a columnar base, it is only possible to produce a wooden covering.

Concrete floor

The sequence of technology for laying this floor looks like this:

The concrete surface is quite cold, so this floor needs careful insulation, especially in the northern regions.

Wooden floor

A floor created on the basis of wooden floors is perfect for a columnar or strip foundation. He needs additional processing to avoid rotting, however wood flooring much warmer than concrete.

The installation sequence for a wooden floor looks like this:

1. If an extension to a house is being built as a permanent structure, then preparatory work is carried out to lay sand, crushed stone or expanded clay, as in the case of a concrete floor.
2. A roofing felt substrate is placed on the foundation.
3. They stack on it load-bearing beams. If the foundation is columnar, then they are mounted directly on the pillars, the length is adjusted in accordance with the interval. If the foundation is strip, it is important to install intermediate pillars at a certain interval or use long beams if the extension is small in area.
4. A wooden covering is mounted on the beams.

All wooden parts must be carefully treated with varnish to prevent rotting.

A clear example of installing a wooden floor in a cinder block extension is shown in the video.

Frame installation

The next stage is associated with the direct construction of the frame structure. To do this, you first need to install the strapping beam. If it is assumed that the wall thickness will be 200 mm, then the dimensions of the end bar will be 25-40 mm, as shown in the detailed diagram.

The end result is a design that looks something like this.

Cutting out the groove in the base can be done completely or incompletely. Can be jointed without cutting using a steel angle.

The lower harness is performed in several stages:

1. The nest is mounted in the insert.
2. The overlay is nailed into the base.
3. The support post is secured with a bracket.

The top trim is formed for reliable installation of the floor beams, as shown in the diagram.

NOTE. Interval between vertical supports you need to do a minimum of 50-60 cm, since in this case it will be possible to easily lay insulation ( mineral wool, polystyrene foam, ecowool, etc.). In addition, there is no practical need for a more frequent arrangement of racks.

The general design of the frame is shown in the diagram.

The construction of walls occurs according to the following algorithm:

• Installation of a pre-fabricated lower trim on the foundation. The harness is screwed using dowels.

A waterproofing layer - foamed polyethylene, roofing felt or other material - must be placed between the piping and the foundations.

• Vertical beams are nailed to the wall of the house if rigid fastening of two structures is expected. If you just need to build a nearby building, then first make corner posts with temporary fastening.
• Vertical bars are installed. Their height is selected depending on the number of storeys of the structure, as well as on the method of connection to the main roof of the house.
• Next, the top trim is mounted.
• The last stage in installation is making holes for windows and doors.

ADVICE. If you plan to build a large extension with a large number of beams, then it is more convenient to assemble the frame separately, installing all the beams on the lower frame. In this case, there is no need to fasten each element using temporary slopes.

Assembling the roof and connecting it to the main roof

Installation of rafters is carried out in the same way as for a regular roof, however, the need to connect the roof with the roof of the house gives rise to a number of features of this work.

IN general view the finished structure can be schematically depicted as follows.

After erecting the frame, the roof material of the house on the side of the extension must be disassembled so that the rafters appear. It is to them that the connecting rafters of the extension are mounted. Installation is carried out according to the principle of a rigid triangle, while in front of an acute corner it is important to place additional beam(shown by arrows in the figure). These elements also serve as an additional measure of protection during snowfalls, which is why they are also called snow supports.

The sequence of actions for installing the roof can be briefly described as follows:

1. The rafters from the extension are mounted with top harness frame.
2. The upper end of the rafters is connected to a purlin, which is pre-installed on the roof or attached directly to the roof rafters.

Video installation features

NOTE. You should not connect the rafters of the extension to the house in a rigid manner. This can damage the structure due to uneven rates of shrinkage of the main room and the extension. The optimal solution to this problem is the use of a sliding structure that ensures free movement of the lower support.

Finishing and insulation of the roof

At this stage, the roof is completely finished with its sealing and insulation, as shown in the diagram.

NOTE. If the roof of the extension simply adjoins the wall of the house, and does not organically connect with its roof, then a sealant is used for insulation, tightly closing the hole between the roof and the wall, as shown in the diagram.

Construction and insulation of walls

One of last stages– construction of walls and their insulation. An extension is a durable structure, and even if it is used only for economic purposes, it is important to create enough good insulation so that temperature changes cannot damage internal surfaces walls and ceiling.

The structure of the wall can be schematically represented as follows.

In fact, this is the final stage of the construction itself. Next, the following work should be done:

• finishing work inside the extension:
• exterior cladding of the building;
• creating a transition to the house;
• production of windows and doors in the building;
• carrying out all necessary communications.

All wooden structures it is important to treat with special solutions that prevent rotting and harmful effects temperature changes.

Timber extension

The fundamental stages of constructing an extension (pouring the foundation, constructing walls and installing the roof, followed by insulation and finishing work) do not depend on the choice of a specific construction material. However, depending on it, their own technologies are selected, which differ markedly from each other.

Construction of the foundation

In the case of an extension made of timber (profiled or round), the differences begin already at the stage of laying the foundation. Since the weight of the future extension will be significantly greater than the weight of the frame analogue, accordingly, the base needs to be more reliable.

Often a tiled foundation or a pile foundation is used, less often a strip foundation (for small extensions it is quite suitable). In any case, it must be established for at least 1 year.

From the point of view of simplicity and cost reduction of work, the best option would be to create a pile foundation, which can be built independently of the main foundation of the house.

Video - basic technology for installing a pile foundation

Walling

Building walls is quite simple from a technological point of view. The only drawback of the beam is that it is quite heavy, and at least two people need to work with it.

The fastening materials used are:

metal staples and plates;

• brackets;
• steel corners;
• self-tapping screws, screws, nails.

Technology for laying round timber when building an extension to a house:

Other works

The technology of wall construction, insulation and finishing is not fundamentally different from that described earlier.

In the case of building a structure from timber, two-story structures can be easily made. Of course, in this case, special requirements are placed on the foundation and floors.

Brick extension

Brick extensions to a wooden house are built less frequently. They are great for living, they can also be used as a utility room.

Most often used in such cases monolithic foundation. Wherein brick construction can serve as the basis for the construction of a second similar floor or attic. Installation of floor and roof technology is not fundamentally different from those discussed above.

Cinder block extension

And another cheaper and faster option for building an extension to a wooden or other house is from cinder blocks (foam blocks and gas blocks are also used). Such a room can serve as an additional room, but is most often used for household purposes.

The construction of a cinder block structure occurs very quickly due to large sizes building material. This option is great if the owners want to make a garage for a car or an ordinary canopy or veranda.

And finally - short video overview of the main stages of constructing a frame extension to a wooden house.

The construction of wooden houses has not lost its popularity even with the introduction, and an extension to a wooden house only complements it and emphasizes its individuality. Quite often, over time, it is necessary to increase the living space of the house or create a veranda near it. In such cases, an extension is erected, which can also be made from a variety of building materials.

It is distinguished not only by its strength, but also by durability, environmental friendliness, and has excellent technical characteristics. The construction is made from wood that has undergone pre-treatment: drying and processing by special means from insects.

An extension to a wooden house can be as:

• rooms,

There are various options for extensions, which differ significantly in construction technology.

Summer cuisine, attached to the side of a wooden house

Frame extension

The simplest and most common way to build an extension is frame construction. This construction technology came to us relatively recently, but already during this time it has been able to win the recognition of most people. This is due to the fact that the construction process takes minimal time. The entire structure is not inferior in properties to the foam block structure. The frame extension to a wooden house is distinguished by its originality. The frame can be made of wood or metal.

You can use not only wood in the construction of an extension, but also metal carcass. It is not exposed to weather and climate conditions, and is also resistant to temperature changes.

Before starting construction, it is necessary to clearly determine for what purposes such an additional structure will serve. The process of its insulation and the use of any materials will depend on this.

If the frame extension will be used as a room, then the insulation in it can be:

• mineral wool,
• polyurethane foam,
• Styrofoam,
• expanded polystyrene and more.

To make a metal frame, channels, pipes and fittings of different diameters and sizes are used. There are load-bearing beams that are larger in diameter, and there are auxiliary beams that can be smaller in diameter. All elements of the metal structure are fastened together using welding work: electric arc welding or semi-automatic.

Wooden frame for house extension

A wooden frame differs from a metal one in its lightness. It is also strong and durable. You can also emphasize its environmental friendliness. The tree is considered warm material, but, despite this, the wooden frame also needs to be insulated using similar insulation and insulating materials.

Both the wood and metal frame must be connected to the wood wall. Difficulties in fastening can only arise if the house is built from rounded timber, since its walls are uneven.

To secure the frame to the wall, reinforcement is first installed in the wall, on metal “bolts”, fixed inside the house. All gaps that exist between the frame and the building must be sealed with plaster or polyurethane foam.

Walls of this design can be covered with any modern finishing material. As a rule, plastic or siding is used as the facade finishing of a frame extension. But for a wooden structure, it would be more rational to use wooden lining. She has an attractive appearance and sufficient strength.

Before installing wooden lining, it must first be coated with several layers of varnish. Such actions can significantly extend the service life of such finishing material and help protect the facade from insects and weather conditions.

Wooden lining can be different sizes, which is convenient for choosing optimal option. If you use siding or plastic, then you need to attach sheets of plywood or OSB to the frame. Their use makes the structure more durable and heat-intensive.

Extension, finished in the same way as the main house

If in conventional finishing siding or plastic must be attached to a special frame made of small wooden blocks, then when frame construction these Decoration Materials mounted directly on the surface of OSB or plywood using special self-tapping screws.

Regarding internal finishing works, then they are performed according to the principle exterior finishing. On the insulation, which was previously laid, lay OSB sheets or plywood. Drywall can also be used inside the building, which is distinguished by its practicality and ease of use. It is plastered and then painted.

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Storage rooms in a residential building

The roof in the extension can be made pitched, since in this case it is necessary to ensure a fairly high-quality tightness of the connection between the roof of the extension and the roof of the main building. Metal tiles, ondulin and other materials that can be aesthetically combined with a wooden structure are used as roofing materials.

In this video you can see how to make a frame extension to your house step by step

Very often, an extension to an old wooden house is frame, since it does not have heavy weight and cannot affect the walls of the building, which will make it possible to operate the house for a long time.

Frame extension to an old house

Before adding anything to an old wooden house, you need to assess the condition of its walls: whether they need to be strengthened or restored.

Porch extension

A frame extension also includes a porch extension, since such a structure is mainly made on the basis of a wooden frame. The porch has no walls, but there are concrete base. It can be made during the construction of the house itself, or it can be poured over time.

In the latter option, it would be better to make a small foundation under the porch, which should be connected using reinforced concrete to the foundation of the house.

This is necessary in order to ensure the strength of the structure with its additional extensions, since the soil in the areas may be different, and depending on weather conditions, it tends to sag, which will lead to possible deformation.

The porch is made of both metal and wood. It all depends on financial opportunities. The construction of an extension with walls will be similar frame structure, only insulating and insulating materials may not be used.

A metal porch with railings will look very original, since these unique fences can be made with elements artistic forging. The roof of this design is usually made of polycarbonate. The translucent material harmoniously complements the extension to a wooden house.

Metal porch roof made of polycarbonate

Advice. Polycarbonate has different thickness– those types of this roofing material with a thickness of at least 0.7 mm have greater strength and durability.

Room extension

As soon as there is no longer enough in a private house usable area each family member, they immediately begin to think that adding a room is simply necessary. This is already a residential extension, and its construction will need to be approached responsibly.

The extension of the room can be made of brick, foam block, wood, cinder block.

The use of any of the materials implies the construction of a foundation for them. The difference in building materials (the main structure is made of wood, and the extension is made of any other material) can play a big role in the strength and reliability of the house as a whole.

A brick extension to a wooden house is built on a monolithic or strip foundation. It has high strength and durability. Brick itself is considered a cold material, but with proper and high-quality insulation it can maintain a constant temperature in the room.

When choosing the type of foundation for an extension, you need to start from the main foundation. Any foundation can be laid for a wooden house, depending on the groundwater, since wood is light building material. But more often used pile foundation. Under brick walls It is better not to use this type of foundation, since the weight of the entire structure will be quite large.

It is for this reason that it is better to give preference to a monolithic foundation, which in its structure is considered an integral structure and can withstand a variety of loads on it.

To build a monolithic foundation for a brick extension, a trench is first dug, the depth of which largely depends on the size of the extension itself. As a rule, it is at least 0.5-0.7 m.

Layers of sand and crushed stone are laid at the bottom of the trench, forming a cushion for greater strength and durability of the base. It is better to mix the concrete solution in a concrete mixer so that it is freshly prepared, since concrete tends to harden very quickly, and it is simply not possible to make the base a monolith.

Project brick extension to a wooden house

Formwork is pre-made around the perimeter of the trench. It can be non-removable, that is, after manufacturing its elements are not removed.

The solution for such a foundation consists of:

• cement grade 400 or 500;
• sand, preferably river sand and without impurities;
• crushed stone that is not too large, you can use granite (it is not subject to deformation and can withstand sufficient loads);
• water;
• fittings.

A metal frame in the form of a mesh is made from reinforcement. It is placed in a trench on sand and crushed stone. After this, cement, sand, crushed stone and water are mixed. All proportions that are necessary for quality basis, must be strictly observed, since the strength of the entire structure will depend on this.

Poured concrete mortar into the trench in parts, making sure that none of these parts begins to harden. Otherwise, the foundation will no longer be a monolith and will lose its strength.