In order for bath procedures to bring only benefit and pleasure, two conditions are necessary:

• high level of temperature and humidity in the steam room;
• the presence of sufficient oxygen.

These seemingly mutually exclusive tasks are solved by ventilation in the bathhouse in general and in the steam room in particular. Despite the fact that high humidity and temperature must be maintained in the steam room of a Russian bath, it is impossible to do without access to fresh (cold) air: oxygen is processed by our lungs, partially burned out by the stove, and carbon monoxide (CO) gradually accumulates in the steam room. chemical formula carbon monoxide).

How to properly ventilate a bathhouse. In the figure, red arrows show the movement of hot air, blue arrows show cold air.

If you do not organize the replacement of “exhausted” air with fresh air, instead of improving health and increasing performance (this is what we go to the bathhouse for), you can get, at best, lethargy, weakness and headache, and at worst - a hospital bed or even a place in a cemetery.

Properly arranged ventilation ensures air circulation, while oxygen enters the sufficient quantity, and carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide are released into the atmosphere. After completing the bath procedures, with good ventilation, the vapor is actively removed outside the building, and the rooms that previously had high humidity dry out. If this aspect has not been given enough attention, after a couple of years in the steam room, and then in other rooms, the lining rots, the smell of mustiness and sweat appears and gradually intensifies, and the wood turns into dust. Now, I hope, it is clear whether ventilation is needed in the bathhouse...

Warming up and ventilating the bath. Please note that the exhaust vent is located at a small height from the floor - usually no higher than 50 cm. With this scheme, exhaust steam is released into the atmosphere. Moreover, the floor in the steam room warms up well

Ventilation in a bathhouse is not needed only in one case: if it is all built of wood and has not been insulated anywhere - neither from the inside nor from the outside. In this case, air exchange occurs due to the fact that the wood “breathes”. Also in this case they talk about the presence natural ventilation in a bathhouse: any wood has pores and crevices through which air flows out/flows and temperature and humidity are regulated. But if the bathhouse is made of rounded logs or has insulation or moisture/steam insulation, then the creation of additional ventilation holes necessary.

There are three types of ventilation:

1. Mechanical ventilation. In this case, the inflow and outflow of air masses occurs due to artificially created air movement. Air parameters are controlled by technical means.
2. Natural ventilation: circulation occurs due to the difference in pressure inside and outside the room. This method is only possible if there are “breathing” walls or thoughtfully arranged ventilation vents.
3. Combined ventilation: simultaneous use of the natural movement of air masses and technical devices(in the simplest case - fans).

The video below shows the combined ventilation option.

In a specific case, aluminum foil with a thickness of 100 microns was used in the construction of the ventilation duct.

Ventilation device in baths

In the very simple version, the ventilation system of a steam room or bathhouse consists of two (sometimes more) openings in the walls and/or foundation: supply and exhaust. The trick is in choosing the location of these holes and their sizes. Sometimes, to ensure more active air exchange, fans can be installed.

Warming up and ventilating the bath. In the simplest case, the exhaust vent is located near the ceiling

There is no single ventilation scheme for a bathhouse: they are too different, depending on design features, and the materials from which they are made. But there is general rules and several of the most common schemes, following which you can choose optimal ventilation just for your case.

The dimensions of the ventilation holes are calculated based on the volume of the steam room: per one cubic meter ventilated area, the size of the holes should be 24 cm 2.

Despite the fact that the main task in the bathhouse is to maintain high humidity in the steam room and a sufficient temperature level, the ventilation holes should not be made too small: they will not provide the necessary level of air exchange. Exhaust ventilation openings must correspond to the size of the supply ventilation openings: if the proportions are not correct, the air exchange will also be insufficient. In some cases, to speed up the removal of exhaust air and speed up the drying of the bath, you can make two exhaust holes.

To ensure the required air conditions when heating the steam room, special covers/plugs are made on the ventilation ducts, which can be opened/closed from the steam room, thereby regulating the humidity/temperature/air exchange. Generally speaking, it is a must to have plugs or covers on any vent opening to the outdoors: in winter cold air actively strives for a warm room and the presence of covers or regulators to delay it is necessary.

Where can there be supply and exhaust openings?

Most often, it is at least partially located in the steam room. In this case, the supply hole is made near the stove at a distance no higher than 30 cm from the floor. The incoming cold air quickly heats up from the stove and rises. It's quite popular, but not the most The best way organizing ventilation for the bathhouse. Ventilation is much more effective when the supply openings are located in the foundation under the floor (to prevent rodents from entering through them, the openings are equipped with metal gratings). This option solves two problems at once: it delivers Fresh air into the bathhouse, and also effectively dries floors and walls after completion of the procedures. The floor boards, in this case, are not laid closely, but with a small gap for free passage of air. If you don’t want to leave gaps in the floor (although this is very good for a bathhouse), you can make several ventilation holes in the floor, closed wooden gratings. In this case, the air movement will not be so active; more powerful fans may be needed, but the circuit will remain operational.

When planning supply ventilation holes in the foundation, keep in mind that air into the bathhouse should come from the street, and not from the underground, otherwise it will have a musty smell. To organize air intake from the street, a box made of wood (often homemade), plastic or metal (ready-made) is placed in the hole, and it is also taken out near the stove. Typically, the inlet openings are located in an area that is protected by a metal or asbestos sheet from coals and firebrands.

Ventilation holes in the foundation are provided at the planning stage. If the foundation is already ready, but there are no holes for ventilation, you can ventilate the floor in the steam room differently: lay the floor boards on the joists, but not close to each other, but with a gap of 0.5-1 cm. In the gap between the rough (earth/concrete) floor and the finishing floor, an outlet is installed, which goes into a ventilation pipe that discharges exhaust air to the roof (but not to the attic). This option provides for the presence of only one supply hole, which is usually located below the heater. The exhaust pipe under the floor is installed on the opposite side of the room (but not opposite, but diagonally).

Making an exhaust pipe in a steam room from plastic boxes for ventilation it is impossible - they cannot withstand high temperatures, but use them in the locker room or washing department acceptable.

With this ventilation scheme in the steam room, cold air warms up near the stove, rises, then, cooling, falls down, seeps under the floor through cracks in the floor and is discharged through the outlet pipe. These two options effectively remove moisture after a bath; they can also be considered floor ventilation schemes in a bath.

Exhaust openings can be located on the wall opposite the supply opening (if both of these walls face the street) or on the same wall, but in the opposite corner. There is a scheme in which they are located at the top on the opposite wall (30 cm from the ceiling), sometimes they are located at the bottom (30 cm from the floor). If the exhaust vent is located below or on the same wall as the supply vent, a fan is needed to create air flow.

To ensure that ventilation in the bathhouse remains effective, you must not:

• make ventilation vents smaller than the calculated ones;
• Place the supply and exhaust openings one opposite the other - this way the incoming air is removed almost immediately without releasing oxygen, a draft is formed, which is contraindicated for a bath.

Steam room ventilation schemes

Let's consider several of the most common ventilation options in a steam room:

These are the most commonly used ventilation schemes for steam rooms in a bath; there are many more variations and combinations of them. Based on these four options for organizing ventilation, you can develop a scheme for your steam room.

Ventilation in the washing compartment of the bathhouse

In a washing room, high humidity is common, and to prevent the lining from rotting or bad smell, it is necessary to provide floor ventilation. It is arranged similarly to floor ventilation in a steam room: an exhaust hole is made between the rough and finished floors, which can be equipped with a fan. The exhaust pipe leads to the roof.

With this floor ventilation scheme in the washing compartment, the coldest exhaust air is removed, and warmer air from the upper layers is lowered in its place. In this way, an increase in the comfort of the people staying here is also achieved.

The principle of ventilation in all other rooms of the bathhouse is the same. We need to decide on optimal system ventilation specifically for your conditions and select/develop the most suitable scheme. Ventilation in the washing compartment differs only in that due to more low temperatures air, you can use plastic ventilation ducts here (which you cannot do in a steam room) and you can install fans that are not heat-resistant, but only those that can withstand high humidity (moisture-proof).

Ventilation of brick and Turkish baths

When planning a ventilation system for a brick bath, you need to take into account that its efficiency should be many times higher than that of a wooden one. Indeed, in this case you will have to dry not only interior lining steam room/washing room/locker room, but also walls: brick is a very hygroscopic material. To remove all moisture, it is necessary that the inflow/outflow of air during drying be very active, and the vents have reliable dampers that allow you to regulate the intensity of air movement.

When installing ventilation with 100% humidity, exhaust ventilation It must also be very efficient: in an hour of operation it is necessary to provide six times replacement of air in the room. In addition, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of removing condensate, which forms during cooling in large quantities. This problem can be solved in two ways: install an air dryer in the pipe, which discharges condensate into the sewer system, or provide a channel in the ventilation pipe for discharging condensate (it also goes into the sewer).

Conclusion: it is necessary to plan ventilation at the bathhouse design stage, placing inlet vents in the foundation. If necessary, you can make vents in finished walls, but this is quite troublesome and complicated.

Baths have always been famous for their healing properties. But to obtain a healing effect, it is necessary not only to listen to the advice of doctors, but also to organize own bathhouse the right system ventilation.

Those who have been to classical village baths made of wood, they are unlikely to remember the presence of paired exhaust openings in such pairs. In fact, they are not there. After all, a small amount of fresh air entering the bathhouse from cracks in the floor, window or doorway, can meet the needs of 2-3 people.

But a bathhouse designed for a large capacity, and especially a brick one, must be equipped with a ventilation system to fulfill the following important points:

• the supply of fresh air, which prevents the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the steam room and preserves the health of people in the bathhouse;
• air circulation, which allows you to dry the room after bath procedures. This prevents the appearance of unpleasant odors in the bathhouse, the growth of mold fungi and helps to increase the service life of the building without the need to replace wood elements;
• uniform distribution of heated air in the steam room of the bathhouse.

Moreover, if the hood is designed correctly, it should not lead to the following unpleasant consequences:

• to a drop in temperature in the steam room during bath procedures;
• violation of the correct stratification of air by temperature - the coolest layer should be at the bottom;
• removal from the steam room clean air, and not saturated with carbon dioxide.

In a steam room with good ventilation it is easy to breathe and relaxing is pleasant

How does bath ventilation work?

It is correct to provide a bathhouse ventilation system at the construction stage, because it is at this moment that you can make the hood correctly and independently with the least labor and material costs. In addition, the process of making holes in finished design may lead to a decrease in the strength of the walls.

Air exchange in the bath is ensured by two holes.

1. The supply hole is located at the bottom and provides fresh air into the bathhouse.
2. The exhaust vent is located at the top on the wall opposite the supply vent. Thanks to the hood, exhaust air is removed from the steam room. However, if the hole is located very close to the ceiling, then hot air is quickly removed from the room, which leads to a decrease in the temperature of the steam room.

This design allows you to adjust the direction of the air flow. At the moment when the bathhouse is heated, all three holes are closed. When people steam, the inlet and bottom exhaust vents are open. After bath procedures, all ventilation is in open state, which allows you to dry the bath well.

Ventilation in the bathhouse can be mechanical. In it, the air in the steam room circulates thanks to the injection equipment. In a more complex and expensive version, the air supply process is monitored by special devices that, if necessary, start the ventilation system. The use of a mechanical hood allows you to place holes on any of the walls, as well as correct errors in organizing natural ventilation.

In any case, to ensure air exchange in the bathhouse, there are several exhaust systems that differ from each other in the location of the holes.

Video - Ventilation in a bathhouse with a stove - air conditioning

Methods for installing ventilation in a bathhouse

We will describe some of the most popular and simple ways arrangement of ventilation in the steam room. They can be either using fans or carried out completely naturally.

Method 1

This is the one described above natural ventilation scheme with one supply and two outlets. The entrance hole in such a system is made in the wall immediately behind the stove at a distance of 0.3 m from the floor surface.

To connect the outlet holes to each other, a box is used, which is made from wooden planks, they lay in it corrugated pipe about one meter long. The holes themselves are equipped with plugs that allow you to regulate air flows, as described above. In addition to plugs, you will also need grilles to prevent insects and rodents from entering the bathhouse through the ventilation.

This system is suitable for small baths.

Method 2

This is another simple and most common scheme for ventilating the bath space. In it, the inlet opening is located behind the stove just above the floor (about 0.3 m). The hood is located at the same height, but on the opposite wall and is equipped with a fan that forcibly extracts exhaust air.

Method 3

Method 3 is somewhat similar to the previous one. Only the air inlet is arranged at a height of half a meter from the heater, and the outlet is slightly above the floor (about 0.2 m). The hood is equipped with a fan.

Method 4

Method 4 is used for baths in which the steam room has only one wall facing the street. In this system, the air inlet and outlet openings are located on one wall opposite the stove. The air enters the lower hole, located at a height of 30 cm from the floor, and exits into the upper one, which is located 30 cm below the ceiling and is equipped with a fan.

Clean air enters the room, encounters the furnace, heats up, rises and is directed out through the outlet.

Method 5

Method 5 is suitable for baths in which there are small gaps of half a centimeter between the floor boards. The inlet opening is located behind the stove. Cooled and exhaust air descends to the floor and exits through cracks in the underground, where there is an exhaust hole in the basement wall connected to a ventilation pipe that exhausts air flows above the roof.

Method 6

If the stove in your steam room is heated for the entire period of operation of the bath, then the ash can itself perform the function of ventilation, or rather, an exhaust hood. In this case, you only need a hole for air flow, which is located near the floor opposite the stove. The blower should be slightly lower than the finished floor.

Step-by-step instructions for installing ventilation

When arranging a bathhouse with ventilation, it is important to observe the following conditions:

• if the bathhouse is adjacent to residential building, then the air flow should go in the direction from the housing to the steam room;
• the exhaust hole is connected to a box or pipe, which must be installed above the roof of the bathhouse;
• the hood should not be placed above the shelves to prevent drafts from affecting steamed people.

In general, the ventilation installation process can be described as follows.

Step 1

In selected locations, inlet and outlet openings are provided at the construction stage or prepared after construction, the cross-section of which should be 10-20 cm.

Step 2

Equipped with boxes made of metal, plastic or wood with prepared openings.

Step 3

If necessary, install an exhaust fan.

Note! For baths it is necessary to use ventilation equipment made of heat-resistant material and with a protection class of at least IP-44.

Step 4

Mounted on the grille holes and plugs.

Step 5

The outlet is connected to a pipe that is led above the roof.

Note! In addition to ventilation of the room, it is necessary to ensure air circulation under the floor. To do this, at the construction stage, holes are made in the base on opposite sides, which are covered with bars to protect against rodents.

Like this in simple ways you can arrange bath ventilation, providing long term steam room service and a comfortable stay in it.

Video - Ventilation diagram in the bathhouse

Russian bathhouse is very good for health. The fundamental point in its construction is well-equipped ventilation in the bathhouse in the steam room. In this room, as a rule, there is a very heat and humidity. Properly organized air circulation is a necessary condition.

Often, many homeowners doubt whether ventilation is needed in a steam room. The proposed material will allow you to correctly answer this question and solve all problems with arranging ventilation without much difficulty and without significant material costs.

Ventilation in the steam room is necessary for air circulation

Why is ventilation needed in a steam room?

Proper ventilation Steam baths help solve the following problems:

• maintaining comfortable temperature indoors;
• health safety;
• preservation of wood used for interior decoration steam room

Ventilation vents in the steam room help regulate the temperature and keep the wood from dampness and fungus longer.

If the ventilation of the steam room in a Russian bath is not arranged correctly, the appearance of such negative factors as:

• rapid cooling of heated air;
• accumulation of gases during procedures;
• premature rotting of finishing materials;
• the appearance of harmful microbes, bacteria, mold, fungi;
• unpleasant smell.

The proposed material will describe in detail what should be the correct organized ventilation in the steam room, video and photo materials will clearly illustrate all the key points.

Basic principles of steam room ventilation

A specific ventilation arrangement is usually selected taking into account architectural features the structure itself, size, number of rooms, etc. In this case, it is necessary to strictly observe the basic principles of arranging ventilation systems for steam rooms in Russian baths. If they are violated, various negative phenomena may arise that pose a serious threat to the health and life of vacationers.

The inlet for supplying fresh air is located slightly above floor level. To ensure that the incoming air is immediately warmed up, the inlet is located in close proximity to the furnace.

The outlet for used air is located under the ceiling. The main thing is that the air inlet and outlet be arranged on opposite walls.

Important! Under no circumstances should these holes be placed at the same level! The air in the internal space will not circulate fully. There will be a temperature difference that poses a serious health hazard.

The dimensions of the inlet and outlet holes must be identical. They are selected depending on the dimensions of the internal space of the steam room. For 1 cu. m of air, a pipe diameter of 24 cm is required. If necessary, additional air vents can be installed.

The ventilation of the steam room is arranged in such a way that the exhaust air is completely replaced every 3-4 hours. This is required by sanitary and fire safety standards.

The ventilation hole in the bathhouse is equipped with valves to regulate the air flow

The ventilation device in the steam room of the bath requires the mandatory placement of a system of valves. You can use special blinds for this. This will allow you to regulate the volume of air in and out. If necessary, the bath can be heated or cooled very quickly and without much difficulty.

You need to think about how to make ventilation in the steam room of a bathhouse when drawing up a project. This will allow you to correctly place all ventilation pipes, openings, etc. during construction. This will allow you to properly equip the mines, lay pipes and perform all other work. Install an air circulation system after completion construction work it will be much more difficult.

Before building a bathhouse, it is necessary to consider the location of the ventilation ducts in the bathhouse.

Types of ventilation systems for steam rooms

Ventilation in the bathhouse in the steam room (see photo) is used in 3 types - natural, forced (i.e. mechanical) and combined. Choice specific system is carried out taking into account such factors as:

• the size of the steam room and the dimensions of the building as a whole;
• it is possible to correctly place exhaust pipes;
• the material from which the bathhouse is built;
• use of the sauna all year round or only during the summer season.

Warm air is lighter than cold air. Therefore, with properly equipped ventilation in a steam room, heated flows rise to the ceiling and are gradually drawn out through the ventilation hole. Air coming from outside is immediately heated by the stove and passes into the room without creating a temperature difference. This is the basic principle by which ventilation works in a steam room.

Natural ventilation

The natural ventilation system provides air exchange due to different levels of pressure and temperature in the internal space (in the steam room) and outside, i.e. on the street. When exhaust air exits through the outlet, the internal atmosphere in the room is discharged, creating conditions for drawing in cold air through the lower inlet. In this case, you need to pay special attention to the insulation of the bath. Otherwise, high-quality heating will not work.

Natural ventilation in the steam room in frame bath used most often for small buildings built from breathable material, i.e. wood. Additional elements ventilation system in this case, small gaps appear in log walls. The main advantage of natural ventilation is its low cost.

Forced and combined ventilation

Mechanical or coercive system ventilation in a steam room may be necessary if:

• the total area of ​​the bathhouse is large;
• the structure was erected from brick, cinder blocks, stone;
• the steam compartment is very large;
• exhaust pipes cannot be placed correctly;
• increased power oven.

Do-it-yourself forced ventilation of a steam room can be installed without any problems. The following are used:

• fans;
• supply valves;
• deflectors.

Forced ventilation in the bathhouse is suitable for large rooms

Nuance! The ventilation system in a bathhouse in a steam room heated by a gas water heater requires the installation of a separate ventilation duct.

The combined ventilation system is equipped using elements of both systems described above. Fresh air enters naturally, i.e. through the lower inlet. Extraction of exhaust air masses is ensured by mechanical devices.

How to choose a fan for a steam room

A classic duct-type fan is not suitable for a steam room. Fever and humidity are detrimental to such devices. Special fans are used in the steam room. The material for their manufacture is glass-filled polyamide. Similar models resistant to moisture and can withstand temperatures up to 130°C.

Glass-filled polyamide is an ideal material for making steam room fans

The fan model is selected in accordance with the technical characteristics.

Something to remember! Ordinary room fans can only be used for final drying and ventilation of the steam room after taking procedures and subsequent cleaning.

In the presence of Money You can install a self-regulating system for ventilation in the bathhouse in the steam room. This device will automatically provide air inflow and outflow, temperature, and humidity level. It is advisable to purchase similar systems only from trusted manufacturers.

Basic schemes

What ventilation can be like in a steam room in a bathhouse, the diagram, video and other materials attached below will clearly show. You just need to choose 1 of the 4 attached options and correctly complete all the necessary work.

According to diagram A, the inlet for fresh air is located below the stove. The outlet channel is mounted on the directly opposite wall under the ceiling.

The exhaust pipe is installed vertically. Its length is calculated so that the upper edge of the pipe rises slightly above the ridge of the roof. This will ensure normal functioning of the ventilation system during periods of strong winds.

Diagram A of the location of ventilation in the bathhouse

Properly selected dimensions of air exhaust pipes will ensure natural circulation of air masses. Additional adjustment is provided by installing dampers.

The use of scheme B is intended only if only 1 of the walls of the steam room can be used for ventilation. Air openings are located opposite the heater. The inlet hole is raised 30 cm from the finished floor. The exit window is lowered 20 cm from the ceiling covering.

Diagram B Location of ventilation ducts opposite the heater

The air passing through the lower inlet is heated by the furnace and rises upward in the direction of the air outlet. Mechanical pulling devices are required for the system to function properly.

According to scheme C, it is possible to provide ventilation not only for the steam room, but also for the underground space. The inlet hole is installed in the wall behind the heater. It needs to be raised above the finished floor by 20 cm.

Diagram C with air flow under the bath floor

Warm up supply air passes into the basement through the cracks of the leaking floor. Then it returns to the steam room and moves in the direction of the exhaust hole. From here the exhaust air masses come out.

For a constantly used bathhouse, you can use ventilation according to scheme D. In this case, the inlet hole is located at the bottom, but opposite the stove, and not behind it, as in other options. The height above the floor is 20 cm. Exhaust air is extracted using a blower and a chimney.

In order for the ventilation in the steam room to work effectively, it is necessary to choose the right location for the heater. It is most convenient to arrange it inside the paired compartment. If the stove is placed in an adjacent room, the efficiency of using the ventilation system and the heater itself will be noticeably lower.

Preparatory work

To install ventilation in the steam room, you need to prepare the following materials:

• brick and/or stone;
• cement and sand;
• ventilation ducts;
• ready-made valves or material for their manufacture;
• a metal sheet;
• lining for lining the box;
• fastening materials - nails, screws, self-tapping screws.

To work you will need the following tools:

• hacksaw;
• Bulgarian;
• hammer;
• screwdriver;
• tape measure, level, plumb line;
• construction mixer;
• drill or hammer drill;
• set of spatulas;
• container for mixing the solution;
• technical knife;

It is better to carry out the work in special clothing. If necessary, use gloves and a respirator.

Installation of supply ventilation

The inlet channel for supplying fresh air is located in close proximity to the firebox sauna stove. It is advisable that the inlet hole be located above the sheet metal cladding, protecting the wood from accidental ingress of small coals.

First from suitable material need to make a box. Its dimensions should exceed the dimensions of the chimney by about 20%. The outer opening of the box is located on external wall. It is not advisable to place it in the base.

If the firebox is located in the steam room itself, a convection box is additionally installed. Near the wall in which the air inlet is located, you need to lay out a podium of bricks placed “on edge”. They are laid out in 3 rows - under the wall, in the middle and on the edge.

The masonry for the stove is built to a height of 25 cm. It must be brought up to the brick screen and must be covered. To ensure that the newly incoming air passes directly into the oven, it is better not to lay the last 2 bricks. The end is lined with brick.

The convection box is installed completely. A blower is equipped at the end. A protective underlay is placed underneath to protect the floor covering.

When the podium is completely ready, you can start installing the stove. To distribute the load evenly, it is advisable to use a metal corner.

After final installation, a stone or brickwork. To form a gap, it is moved 5-6 cm from the stove. Next is installed special screen. You need to form holes in it for the passage of hot air.

Installation of exhaust ventilation

The outflow box is installed diametrically opposite to the inlet hole. It is raised above the finished floor by 30 cm. The internal area of ​​the box is approximately 1.25 m².

The outflow box is led through the wall to the ceiling and an external outlet is arranged for it. You can exhaust exhaust air into an adjacent room. In this way it will be possible to warm it up without extra costs.

Exhaust ventilation can be placed on top of the ceiling

To avoid accidental burns, the chimney duct must be lined with a brick or stone casing. In this case, a special hole with a door must be left at the bottom, which will serve as a blower. An additional hole equipped on top will allow the chimney to be used as heat pump, this will create both heating of the room and proper air circulation.

How to ventilate a Russian bathhouse

The correct ventilation device in the steam room of a Russian bath does not involve the use of any mechanical devices. Otherwise, the heated air will be vented outside very quickly. The effectiveness and pleasure of bath procedures will be significantly reduced.

The Russian bathhouse uses natural ventilation, where air flows out through a window

Therefore, the Russian bathhouse must be thoroughly cleaned, ventilated and dried after each use. For ventilation, a special window is installed in the wall located opposite the door. You can use a mechanical hood. The door must be kept open when ventilating.

Leaves from brooms and random objects must be removed from the floors. Then you need to wash all surfaces and dry them with towels and/or a special absorbent cloth. This will protect against the formation of mold and the proliferation of harmful microorganisms. After cleaning, airing and drying, the steam room is ready for further use.

The steam room in the Russian bath is combined with a washing room, so it needs to be dried after each use

How to warm up a Russian bath

First you need to light the oven. The outlet openings must be kept closed. Only the input is opened.

Warming up the room to desired temperature, you need to open the valve of the lower air outlet pipe. This will ensure proper air circulation. The temperature will not drop.

In order to warm up the oven, you need to open the valve in the Russian bath oven

Passing into the box from below, the heated air will gradually displace cool air masses to the outlet. When passing through the box they will provide additional heating of the room. At the same time, ventilation of the steam room will also take place.

If the ventilation is not working properly

When using the steam room, it is necessary to periodically check the serviceability of the ventilation system. With good air circulation in the steam room, it is always easy to breathe, the body is heated evenly, the temperature and humidity are maintained at the required level.

If the ventilation in the steam room was installed incorrectly or became unusable over time, signs such as:

• abundant condensation on vertical surfaces;
• mold, especially in the corners;
• noxious odor;
• uneven air heating;
• drafts;
• slow setting of the required temperature;
• excessively rapid heat loss;
• an unpleasant internal atmosphere that makes breathing difficult.

Mold in the steam room indicates a lack of ventilation

If at least 1 or 2 of the above factors are present, it means that the ventilation in the steam room is not equipped correctly. Another option is that the system is clogged and/or damaged; urgent repairs and/or thorough cleaning of individual elements or the ventilation system as a whole.

Clogged ventilation ducts interfere with its operation

From all of the above, it becomes clear that properly ventilating a steam room in a bathhouse is inexpensive and not very difficult. However, this requires careful adherence to all technologies. The attached video “How to make ventilation in a steam room” will help you avoid mistakes.

Many novice developers very often ask the question: Is ventilation needed in the bathhouse? Why let cold air in if so much effort and materials went into insulating it? On the one hand, this is a paradox, but on the other hand, it is a necessity, and in order to understand this issue, you need to weigh all the pros and cons (if any) of installing ventilation in the steam room.

What are the dangers of lack of ventilation in a bathhouse?

In ancient times, when they knew absolutely nothing about ventilation, in Rus' bathhouses, like houses, were made without ventilation holes. But there is an explanation for this. As building material logs were used. Lower crown The logs were made free, which allowed fresh air to flow through the cracks of the log house. We regulated the temperature in the steam room by opening front door. Here you have the simplest, but no less effective ventilation of the bathhouse, which was used by our ancestors.

IN modern construction They use completely different materials, and the approach to the construction of buildings is somewhat different. But if you don’t think about installing a ventilation system during the construction of the bathhouse, then the consequences of this will not keep you waiting, namely:

• Rapid wear and tear of the materials used for lining and insulating the bathhouse. Without proper ventilation of the bathhouse, after several years of operation, the owner will have to change not only the lining, but also the floor, and, quite possibly, the insulation. Temperature changes and moisture, which is an inevitable companion of the steam room, are destructive force, destroying materials in 3-5 years.
• The appearance of an unpleasant odor. This will inevitably happen in a steam room without ventilation, since dampness and warmth are an excellent microclimate for the appearance of mold and fungi. It is almost impossible to get rid of the smell of mold and mustiness in such a room, since using chemicals in the bathhouse is strictly prohibited. This is not only harmful, but also deadly.
• Poisoned air in the steam room. First of all, without proper air exchange, the level of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the steam room can sharply increase. Probably, there is no need to tell anyone what will happen to a person if the concentration of carbon monoxide increases by at least 0.1%. On top of this is the high temperature of the air in the steam room, which is filled with evaporated sweat from your body. Well, in general, there can be no question of any health-improving effect in such an atmosphere.

The above arguments are enough to understand the axiom: ventilation in the steam room of a bathhouse is not just necessary, but vital.

What should be the ventilation in the bathhouse?

As a rule, steam room ventilation is limited to two to three ventilation holes the required section. One is for supply air, and the rest are for removing “exhaust” air. It must be taken into account that for comfortable well-being, the air circulation in such a room must be at least 5 times. This means that the entire volume of air in the steam room must change five times in 1 hour. There are several nuances that are required for the installation of any ventilation scheme.

• You need to think about the location and size of the ventilation holes in the bathhouse at the stage of its construction, since it will be very difficult to make holes in the finished steam room.
• The dimensions of the supply and exhaust vents must match. In some cases, the dimensions of the hood may be larger than the inflow.
• Ventilation openings must be equipped with valves. This will allow you to regulate the intensity of air circulation, and when heating the steam room, you can close them completely to raise the temperature more quickly.
• Very important parameter– this is the cross-section of the ventilation vents. It is important to know that their cross-section depends entirely on the volume of the steam room. There should be 24 cm2 of ventilation per 1 m3 of volume.

Installation of a ventilation system in a bathhouse

We have already talked a lot about what kind of ventilation there is. The same laws apply for a bathhouse, and ventilation in it can be:

• Natural. With this type of ventilation, the circulation of air masses is created due to the difference in temperature and pressure between the air flow and the exhaust hood. Good circulation air flow can only be achieved correct installation ventilation openings: supply at the bottom and exhaust at the top of the room. As you know from school physics courses, hot air rises and cold air goes down, so such a ventilation device in a bathhouse will not be very convenient from the point of view of warming it up.
• Combined. This ventilation method assumes the presence of one natural ventilation hole and one vent with a fan installed in it. The inflow will be mechanized or exhaust - it all depends on the scheme you choose.
• Mechanical. Such a ventilation system independently controls the flow of air masses and their exhaust, temperature and humidity, using automation. From the point of view of comfort, it comes first, but prices - such a system is practically not used in baths due to the complexity of installation, and the high cost of equipment, design and maintenance.

Examples of ready-made ventilation schemes

There are several working ventilation schemes in the bathhouse, which ensure good air circulation, despite the fact that the steam room does not get cold.

1. The supply opening should be located at floor level, behind the stove, and the exhaust openings should be located near the ceiling, but on the opposite wall from the supply. Thanks to this arrangement, the incoming, colder air will enter the steam room and be immediately heated by the heater. After which it rises to the ceiling, goes around it and lowers slightly to exit into the exhaust vent.
2. If your stove works constantly during bath procedures, you can use this option, where the inlet hole is located 30 cm from the floor, on the opposite side from the stove, and the vent and chimney will act as a hood.
3. If your bathhouse has ventilated floors, then you can make an inflow behind the stove, at a height of 20-30 cm from the floor. Cold air will enter the steam room, be heated by the stove and rise upward. Cooler masses will sink, pass through floor vents and be discharged outside the room.

Here are several options for the location of inlet and outlet using an exhaust fan.

1. The supply opening is located 30 cm from the floor - behind the stove, and the hood is located on the opposite wall, 20 cm from the floor. One caveat: a fan is installed in the hood, which will create air circulation.
2. The inlet and exhaust vents are located on the same wall, but only one is at the top and the other is at the bottom. The supply room, located 30 cm from the floor, is equipped with an exhaust fan of a given power.
3. The inlet is installed behind the stove, at a height of 30 cm from the floor and is equipped with a fan. The exhaust hole is made on the opposite wall 20 cm from the floor. The blown air is heated by the stove and evenly heats the entire steam room. After which, it cools down and goes down, where it exits through the hood.

Important!
To calculate the fan power, you need to multiply the volume of the steam room by the air circulation rate. Example: Steam room 2 m by 3 m. Its area is 6 m2. Ceiling height 2 m. Total: 6 x 2 = 12 m3. Now we multiply 12 m3 by the recommended air circulation rate of 5 and get 60 m3/hour fan performance for our steam room.

The most common mistakes when arranging ventilation in a bathhouse

One of the most common mistakes made by those who decide to do the ventilation of a bathhouse with their own hands is the location of the supply and exhaust vents at the same level. There will be no benefit from such an arrangement, other than a draft. If you used this arrangement of ventilation holes, then the inflow should be located behind the stove and equipped with a fan, and the outlet should be at the same level, but on the opposite wall.

Another mistake novice builders make is that many try to seal the bathhouse as much as possible from air getting into it, make small windows and forget about arranging floor ventilation. Yes, such a steam room will heat up very quickly, but it will be impossible to take health procedures in it.

In fact, there are many shortcomings, and it is simply impossible to count them all, but by following certain rules, you can build the bathhouse of your dreams with your own hands, without additional costs to correct errors.

Ventilation in a bathhouse is not only comfort, but also urgent need. It is needed both during and after bath procedures:

• In the process it is important so that no one gets burned. Danger of poisoning carbon monoxide always exists - this is the result incomplete combustion fuel. Therefore, ventilation is necessary for the safety of people in the bathhouse.
• Besides the air that is inhaled and exhaled becomes “waste”, and it must be removed and replaced with a new one with a higher proportion of oxygen.
• Adjust the temperature Monitoring the condition of people can also be done with the help of ventilation, especially when this needs to be done urgently.
• Any stove runs on oxygen (combustion is oxidation), so it also needs ventilation. And with the right device, you can also get fuel economy.
• And finally, drying after, on which the durability of the structure, especially its wooden parts, directly depends. Ventilation can be good prevention of fungi and rotting.

At the same time, bath ventilation is quite complex and varied in design. Of course, the question can be reduced to financial investments, but in reality you just need a good ventilation specialist who will find optimal solution in each specific case. We will look at all the capabilities and features of the device.

Ventilation system in the bathhouse: what could it be like?

Ventilation systems in baths are divided according to several parameters:

• forced or natural;
• exhaust, supply or supply and exhaust;
• local or general exchange.

Let us explain that forced differs from natural in the presence of fans that force air in or out; local differs from general in its local character, for example, a chimney above a stove - local ventilation, and outlets are part of the general exchange.

As for the supply, exhaust and their combinations, these are designations of what air is directed where: the exhaust drives exhaust air outside, the supply drives fresh air inside, and their combination creates a balanced air exchange inside the room.

These are general terms for any ventilation, but our task is to consider a bathhouse, which has its own specifics. We advise you to familiarize yourself with (8 types) along the way.

Useful video

Watch a short video as one of the options for organizing ventilation in a bathhouse:

Natural ventilation in the bath

It works on the principles of physics, which say that heating makes air lighter and causes it to rise. And an increase in the volume of cold air accelerates the movement of hot air. Knowing about this property, you don’t have to install any appliances at all, just ventilation holes, the location of which will make some of them supply air, and others exhaust.

There is also a stove in the bathhouse, and this is a very favorable circumstance for directing air circulation. If the natural ventilation inlet is located near the floor next to the ash pan, then the stove itself will draw in fresh air, without any fan. Raising the finished floor slightly above the hole under the firebox also improves traction.

The exhaust hole is usually made on the side opposite the wall with the supply hole, but this is not the only option.

Forced ventilation

If you install fans in the same holes, then you don’t have to worry about calmness or other weather conditions that have a bad effect on air circulation in the bathhouse.

In principle, there is no big difference between natural and forced ventilation in the design itself; it is just a matter of which holes the fans are in. Because you can’t install them everywhere, enhancing only the exhaust or only the inflow. But by creating a large difference between the inflow and outflow, we change the pressure in the room. This is easily detected by the way the door slams. The task is to create a balance between outflow and inflow, and the air during bath procedures should circulate slowly, without causing a draft. And when drying, a draft is only beneficial.

IMPORTANT! The direction in which the fan blows air depends on the location of its blades, so it is important to ensure that there is no exhaust fan and vice versa.

Ventilation device in the bath: principles of operation

Bathhouse ventilation can be divided into permanently functioning (roof, foundation, wall) and periodically functioning, during bathing procedures and stove operation. Both are parts of a single ventilation system, which is laid during construction.

The principle of operation of the ventilation system: displacing exhaust air with fresh air. In the most primitive case, two holes are enough for this, but in practice the directions of flows also matter, so the number of supply and exhaust openings can be increased, and they themselves are equipped with dampers, which are a means of controlling flows, their volumes and speed.

Regardless of the location, the supply air is always made lower than the exhaust. Sometimes air flow is provided through the blinds at the bottom of the door to the steam room. But there is one rule: Where the air comes from is where it must be given. If we take it from the premises, we need to return not to the street, but also to the premises. Otherwise it won't work.

Calculating the area of ​​ventilation windows is quite simple: we must proceed from the fact that each cubic meter of room volume requires a window with an area of ​​24 cm². Under no circumstances should the windows be made directly opposite each other at the same height.

1. When the bathhouse warms up, the vents in the foundation close and the dampers in the steam room move back.
2. During vaping, the windows open slightly as needed.
3. After completing the procedures, the bathhouse is completely ventilated.

There are also 10+ different schemes prepared to help you.

Ventilation in the bathhouse

Increasingly popular in Russian baths receives bastu-type ventilation, named after the convection Swedish baths. It is simple to do and highly effective.

The air flow under the furnace is carried out using ventilation pipe from the street. In this case, you definitely need a damper to block it.

For air outflow, a box is installed, which starts 20-30 cm from the floor and goes outside. The location of the box is diagonal from the stove. The material is best stainless steel. The box must also overlap 100%.

So, it works as follows: if a certain volume enters a room, then the corresponding volume will be pushed out of there if there is an exit. A working furnace actively draws in cold air from the supply air duct. Part of it is used in combustion (and leaves through the chimney), and part rises upward, heating up along the way from the stove. Excess volume in parallel begins to escape through the box, which takes air from the floor. Therefore, fresh heated air ends up in the breathing zone, and exhaust air ends up below and leaves.

Video

Watch how Bastu is explained and done in these videos:

Bastu ventilation is “turned on” and “off” by manipulating the valves. At the same time, the furnace must work, because it is the heat pump responsible for air circulation. If the stove goes out, the ventilation in the bathhouse will not work.

Bastu ventilation is ideally used in a sauna, where you need to change the air 6-8 times per hour. But in a Russian bath, the conditions are somewhat different, and although basta can be performed in it, there are restrictions on its use.

Ventilation bastu in a Russian bath

A Russian bath is not too high a temperature and an abundance of steam. In such conditions Basta ventilation in a Russian bath should not be “turned on” while steaming.

But you can safely start it at the very beginning, at the stage of warming up the steam room. In this case, the heating time will increase, but it will be uniform. If you leave the valves open, the basta will dry out and overheat the steam room. You can try to “turn on” the basta on last stage soaring - the air will be light, hot, you can breathe freely. The perfect end to your vaping experience.

That's it in the Russian bathhouse also useful for drying after procedures- she copes with this perfectly and there will be no odors or mold with such drying.

Floor ventilation in the bathhouse

The floor in the bathhouse needs to be completely dry after the procedures. The first condition for this will be the organization of proper drainage, with a slope that will drain water into the sewer. Of course, there are several options for flooring.

For pouring (wet) floors, ventilation is especially important. Therefore, gaps between the boards, reaching a width of up to 1 cm, are needed not only for water drainage, but also for drying the boards. And the discovery of vents in the foundation, which we will discuss below, will help with this.

A dry floor does not have any gaps between the boards, because it is installed from tongue-and-groove boards. This means that the principle of its ventilation is somewhat different. You will have to dry from above using burst ventilation (this means opening all windows and doors) and the system provided in the bathhouse, for example, forced supply and exhaust.

Useful video

Look at what dampness can do to a dry floor, even if it is covered with yacht varnish:

The ventilation riser in the washing room will be discussed below, but it also affects floor ventilation.

And the floor is also well ventilated during operation of the stove, if (as already mentioned) you raise its level above the ash pit and leave small gaps between the boards in the floor itself.

Bathhouse foundation ventilation

Actually, it all starts with it, because it is installed when laying the foundation. To do this, cut pieces of asbestos-cement pipes are taken, filled with sand and laid in this form among the reinforcement, fastened with knitting wire between the rods at a height of 5 to 12 cm above the ground level. After stripping, the sand is removed.

There can be two such holes in total, placed on opposite sides of the base. However, in reality it is necessary to take into account whole line various factors on which the number of holes and their diameter ultimately depend. By the way, the usual diameter is 11 cm.

Useful video

See what the lack of ventilation for the floor and foundation can lead to:

Before designing ventilation, the following are taken into account:

• distance of the bathhouse from the reservoir;
• location (high or low);
• surrounded by other buildings on all sides;
• wind rose of this area;
• bath area.

It is clear that if the bathhouse is in a low area or there are solid buildings around it, more holes must be made, even on all sides. You can also increase the diameter, but install a louvered grille or a damper.

CAREFULLY! Rodents can enter unprotected vents, so it is also recommended to tighten them with a metal mesh.

The plugged holes are usually left closed during procedures, but are opened for drying.

Ventilation of different rooms of the bath:

Due to differences in the temperature and humidity conditions of each of the bathhouses, ventilation in them is organized differently.

car washes

The washing compartment is the wettest, so it is recommended to equip it with a ventilation riser, which is located in the corner, under the floor. This is an asbestos-cement pipe, which is then brought to the roof and is equipped with a deflector on top. Ventilation in the sink occurs due to the pressure difference between the room and the end of the pipe above the roof; the air tends outward, taking with it excess moisture.

The reason why it is necessary to vent it to the roof is simple: if the humid air is immediately expelled to the street, then the wall where this hole will be located will quickly deteriorate from the outside.

steam rooms

attic

Attic ventilation is a special song. This is done at the stage of roof installation.

1- ceiling 2- soffits 3- roof ridge

IMPORTANT! The opinion that a window in the gable is enough to ventilate an attic is incorrect. These windows will not replace supply and exhaust system in the roof.

Inlet openings are made under the roof canopy (between the roof sheathing and top part walls where the rafters rest on the power plate), and the exhaust walls rest on the ridge. There should be holes on the gables, but they are small and very high.

It is also important to take into account the ratio between the area of ​​the supply and exhaust openings on one side and the total area of ​​the attic. It is optimal that the first ones are 1/500 of the second. The ratio between the area of ​​supply and exhaust is not 50 to 50; exhaust should be 10-15% larger in area than supply.

This system is suitable for those baths whose attic is cold. And there are also bathhouses with attics. There, ventilation is also done at a time when the roof is still open from the attic.

To ventilate the under-roof space (between the roofing material and the membrane), either natural or forced ventilation can be used. But for both to function, aerators and soffits are needed.

Aerators are installed either on the roof slope or on the ridge (these are the most effective). They serve for extraction. And the soffits are responsible for air flow. These are siding panels for covering roof overhangs, some of which must be perforated. The ratio of the area of ​​the ventilation holes to the ventilated area is the same as mentioned above 1/500.

IMPORTANT! The efficiency of aerators will be higher if you install only conventional or only ridge aerators.

Fans for the under-roof space are used as supply fans. Special attention paid to the wiring so that it does not cause a fire.

baths in the basement or ground floor of the house

Some owners country houses allocates a basement for a bathhouse or ground floor. Such an arrangement of a hot and humid room places special demands on ventilation, on which the durability of the entire house now rests.

Please note that the redevelopment of a former residential or utility room includes redevelopment of ventilation. In general, this is more expensive than a bath included in the design of a house under construction.

One way or another, you need don't forget about ventilation gap between walls and insulation. This will protect against damage to the insulation by condensation. But the moisture in the air corridor must also go somewhere. Therefore, for basement and basement baths, professionally made supply and exhaust ventilation is recommended, and it is better not natural, but forced. Both are accompanied by the installation of a base deflector.

The location of basement ventilation depends on the specifics of the project and will not be given here. It is also possible to install a special dehumidifier.

A good option would be to choose bastu ventilation - it is not so expensive, but very effective. The bastu device was discussed above.

shower

If there is a shower cabin in the bathhouse or open shower It is worth installing forced ventilation nearby, which will speed up the drying process.

If we assume that the air flow is ensured by the existing supply openings located in the washing room and other rooms, then you can install the fan only on the exhaust opening, which is located near the shower. (You can do the same if the bathhouse has a bathroom.)

dressing room

The dressing room suffers from condensation due to the temperature difference between it and the hot rooms of the bathhouse. That's why ventilation is necessary in it just like everywhere else in the bathhouse. One vent is located at the bottom, the other at the top. The lower one is responsible for the inflow of air, the upper one for its outflow. Installation forced ventilation not forbidden. In addition, you can ventilate the dressing room using the door and (if there is) a window.

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