A toilet is a building that is simply mandatory in a country house. Often, it is from this building that the arrangement of the purchased plot begins. At first, you can do without a bathhouse, and without a gazebo, and even without a house or at least a shed for storing equipment, but you can’t do without a toilet.
In order to spend time comfortably in the countryside, you definitely need to take up the construction of a toilet, and you can do all the work yourself. The instructions for creating such a strategically important facility for a given site provide, first of all, for choosing a location.
Choosing an area for construction
Of course, everyone has the right to decide for themselves where to start construction of such a specific facility, but there are a number of sanitary and hygienic standards and restrictions that must be taken into account when choosing the location of the toilet:
- Strict rules regulate minimally permissible distance m between, water from which is used for domestic needs. The construction site must be at least 25 m away from water intake sources;
Note!
When choosing a site, you should take into account not only your own interests and the location of your well, but also take into account the interests of your neighbors and take into account the location of wells on their sites.
- Naturally, the arrangement of such a room is not carried out in the center of the site. Try to choose a more modest, remote location for such construction. It is also prohibited to place a toilet on the very border of the site; you must step back at least 1 meter from it;
- If the area is uneven and there is some height difference, then the toilet should be located in a low area;
- Also take into account the wind rose in order to prevent the spread of unpleasant odors throughout the area;
- For ease of use, consider in advance the convenience of driving the sewer truck directly to the cesspool in order to clean it, because you still have to do this periodically.
Main types of toilets for summer cottages
Differences in the design of such buildings lead to the existence of a certain classification of toilets, which do not provide the possibility of connecting to central sewer. At the same time, the technology for constructing any of them is not particularly difficult and will not take much time.
You can handle the following types of construction yourself:
- toilet with cesspool;
Based on these types of structures, many modifications were invented and built, differing in appearance, design, used building materials, which can seriously affect such a parameter as price.
The choice of one type of structure or another depends primarily on the level of occurrence groundwater Location on.
Advice. If this level is only 3.5 m and higher, then only a powder closet can be installed on the site.
If the water level is much lower, then your choice is not limited.
Construction with cesspool
Among our compatriots, this type of design has become most widespread. The operation of such a toilet is as simple as possible and consists of accumulating waste in a cesspool dug specifically for this purpose.
If the pit is filled to 2/3 of its height, cleaning is carried out manually or by machine, or the structure is preserved and the toilet itself is moved to a new location, and the filled pit for the country toilet is filled with earth.
Arrangement of the pit
The construction of a country toilet begins with:
- Digging a hole under country toilet in the shape of a square with a side of one meter and a depth of two;
- The bottom and walls of the dug hole must be strengthened. Concrete rings for a toilet in a country house, brickwork or stone masonry can serve as such reinforcement; it is also possible to use wooden logs or boards. The bottom is covered with a layer of crushed stone, which is compacted thoroughly;
Advice. If you are concerned about the tightness of the bottom of the pit, you can concrete it or line it with bricks.
- Next, the pit is sealed by caulking and plastering; this is necessary to ensure that waste does not penetrate into groundwater.
Building a wooden toilet
In fact, the answer to the question of how much a toilet costs for a summer house directly depends only on the materials chosen for construction. In order to save money, most summer residents choose wood for this. The construction process itself is based on the following questions:
| What shape should the toilet be? | Typically, the frame of a garden toilet has a rectangular or square shape. |
| What type of foundation should I choose? | The optimal base option for such a structure is columnar foundation under the toilet in the country. The construction of the foundation consists of laying a brick pillar under each corner of the building. Ruberoid is laid on top of the pillars, which will become a waterproofing layer. |
| How to make a frame? | The frame structure is made of beams, which are pre-coated with primers and painted in order to protect them from rotting processes. Assembling the frame consists of the following steps:
|
| What is the roof made of? | The roofing material most often used is the same roofing material, which is covered with a sheet of slate on top. |
| How to cover a toilet in a country house? | Often, wood, lining, siding, etc. are chosen as the material for covering the toilet. |
Advice. For more accurate and high-quality fastening Metal plates and bolts are used to attach vertical beams to the base.
To make it easier to use the toilet at night, lighting should be provided, for which electricity is supplied to the building. If there is no electricity, you can be helped out by a service such as renting a diesel generator for your dacha. For lighting in daytime day, you should cut a window in the trim above the door itself.
Note!
The shape of this window can be any, but often holes are cut out in strict geometry or in the shape of a heart.
Hood
The toilet is a structure that is certainly associated with the emergence unpleasant odors. In order to minimize this by-effect For this type of structure, professionals recommend equipping the seat with a tight-fitting lid; in addition, a hood in the country toilet would also be useful.
To arrange ventilation, the following actions must be performed:
- The sewer plastic pipe is attached to the rear wall of the building using clamps so that one end is buried 1 dm into the cesspool;
- The other end of the pipe is led out through a hole made in the roof;
Advice. The ventilation pipe should rise above the roof by approximately 0.2 m.
- The entry and exit points of the pipe must be carefully sealed, and in order to increase traction, a deflector attachment should be installed on the head of the pipe.
Country backlash closet
This type of design is the optimal answer to the question of how to install a toilet in a country house if there is no sewage system. Backlash closet is a structure that is an intermediate option between a cesspool and a septic tank industrial production and are perfectly used in such structures as country houses from block containers, wood or stone. This type of toilet requires the presence of a sealed container.
Note!
Cleaning a cesspool of this design is carried out only with specialized equipment, so you should not choose a backlash closet if there is no company providing such services near your site.
Powder closet outside the city
This type of construction is as simple as possible because it does not require digging a cesspool. The functions of such a pit are performed by a specialized container or barrel for a toilet in a country house, which is placed directly under the toilet seat, and when filled, is simply taken out.
To ensure partial removal of the unpleasant aroma in such a structure, a box with sawdust, soil, peat or dry straw is placed next to the toilet seat. These materials can be used to powder waste after each visit to this facility.
Finally
As you already understood, building a toilet on own dacha Anyone who is at least a little familiar with construction is capable. And if you are not a builder, then if you wish, you can learn everything on your own if you devote enough time and attention to it, and do the work carefully. And the video in this article will tell you even more about construction technology.
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A toilet is something without which it is impossible to imagine a full-fledged summer cottage. The most simple option The country toilet is a system based on a cesspool. If desired, you can make such a toilet yourself. You just need to familiarize yourself with what is offered step by step guide and do everything according to the instructions.
Before you begin any operations, you should collect the materials and tools necessary for arranging an individual toilet.
Kit for building a country toilet
- The beam is 100 mm wide and 50 mm thick. If this material is not available, you can use an edged board.
- Moisture-proofing material. Roofing felt is traditionally used.
- Beam 300 cm long, section 50x50 mm.
- Floorboard 3000x100x25 mm.
- Sheets of coniferous lining.
- Nails and screws.
- Door with accompanying elements and fittings.
- Electric drill.
- Hammer.
- Jigsaw or hacksaw.
- Shovel.
- Roofing material. Usually ordinary slate is used. If desired, you can make the roof at your discretion.
The amount of materials is selected individually in accordance with the dimensions of the future structure. Once everything you need has been purchased and collected in one place, you can begin to choose a suitable location for the toilet.
When choosing a location for such a delicate structure, there are a number of important factors to consider. First of all, decide whether you will make a toilet with a cesspool or whether another design is more suitable for you. At this stage, focus on the level of groundwater flow. If they pass at a depth below 250 cm, you can safely make a toilet with a cesspool. If groundwater flows above the 250 cm mark, it is better to abandon the design with a cesspool.
It is important to find here golden mean– the toilet, after all, is an intimate place, but building it in some hard-to-reach area, to which you might not be able to reach if something happens, is also not recommended.
If you are not going to turn an ordinary toilet into a work of landscape art, it is best to do it in some secluded corner, at a relatively short distance from the house.
When choosing a suitable location, you need to focus on current sanitary standards. Especially important they have in the case of constructing a toilet with a cesspool. If the pit you create is not airtight, waste products will simply seep into The groundwater, which can damage the plantings on the site. And drinking such water in the future will be very dangerous.
A toilet with a cesspool must be located at a distance of at least 12-14 m from a residential building. A “dry” toilet should be built at a distance of 4-5 m or more.
Don't forget about your neighbors. The minimum permissible distance between the toilet and the border of the neighboring plot is 1.5-2 m. A closer location is unlikely to please the owners of the neighboring dacha.
It is important that the toilet is located at the maximum possible distance from wells and wells. A distance of 20-30 m is considered optimal.
A country toilet can easily become a source of characteristic unpleasant odors, so when choosing a place to install it, you need to pay attention to such a parameter as the wind rose, which is specific to your area. Of course, the toilet needs to be cleaned regularly.
Usually a square hole is made with sides of 100 cm and a depth of about 2 m. Before you start digging a cesspool, clearly mark its limits.
The walls and bottom of the structure are subject to reinforcement. To solve this problem, you can use concrete rings or bricks; rubble stone, boards, etc. are also used. Crushed stone is poured onto the bottom of the cesspool and thoroughly compacted. Brickwork is laid on crushed stone or a concrete screed is made.
The second stage is the arrangement of a cesspool. The internal walls of the cesspool are subject to mandatory moisture insulation. This treatment will prevent waste from the pit from penetrating into groundwater. To waterproof the walls, it is enough to plaster or caulk them.
The third stage is preparing the foundation for the toilet house. Traditionally, such houses are installed on column-type foundations. The corners of the building should rest on brick pillars, covered with roofing felt as a waterproofing material.
The base of the house is assembled from wooden beams. They must first be primed and painted. Such treatment will prevent premature rotting of the wood. Assemble the frame and install it on a brick base. Place 4 racks on the frame. Be sure to make sure that they are placed vertically. Use bolts to obtain a secure fit. Additionally strengthen the structure with metal plates. Install roof beams and door racks.
The roof should have a slight slope. To ensure this, make the front pillars slightly longer than the rear ones. Above the sump, arrange a frame of wooden blocks for the future seat. The roof must be covered with roofing felt and the selected finishing material. Slate is most often used.
Nail vertical bars or boards to the frame for clapboard, siding or other material of your choice. The boards are fastened at a distance of 150 mm from each other. seating base and inner surface The walls also need to be covered with clapboard or other desired material.
Knock down the door, fasten the hinges in the appropriate places and hang the canvas. If desired, install fittings and additional elements in the form of a threshold, platbands, etc.
To make the restroom convenient to use at any time of the day, electricity must be supplied to it. Choose the lamp at your discretion.
You also need to cut a window of the desired shape above the door. Through it the room will be illuminated during the day.
To prevent the country toilet from becoming a source of unpleasant odors that poison life, pay due attention to the arrangement of the ventilation system.
Buy a plastic pipe with a diameter of 100 mm and secure it to the back wall of the house using clamps. One end of such a pipe should be buried approximately 100 mm into the cesspool, and the other should be brought out. To do this, you need to first prepare suitable holes in the seating podium and roof. Select the length of the pipe so that it rises above the roof by about 20 cm. Putty the places where the pipe passes through the ceilings. A special deflector nozzle is installed on the ventilation head.
This is a traditional version of a country toilet with a cesspool. If you wish, you can opt for another design, for example, a backlash closet or a powder closet.
Such a system is a kind of transitional link between a structure with a pit and a full-fledged hygienic septic tank. The design is based on sealed pit. In the future, only special sewage disposal equipment will be able to clean such a cesspool. Consider whether there are companies in your area that specialize in providing similar services.
If there are problems with cleaning, it is better to immediately abandon the installation of such a toilet.
The design works to the limit simple principle. The toilet itself is located next to the house. The toilet is placed indoors, and the cesspool is placed outside.
Dig a hole at least 100 cm deep. Fill the walls and bottom of the pit concrete mortar. After the solution on the walls has set, they will additionally need to be treated with a special waterproofing mastic. Waterproofing also needs to be installed around the perimeter of the pit. It is best to make it from clay. A layer of clay about 50 cm thick will be enough. Place a hatch on top of the cesspool. It will be closed with lids made of cast iron and wood. Place insulation between the covers; mineral wool will do.
A sewer pipe is laid through the wall of the house, through which waste will flow from the toilet into the septic tank. The toilet requires quality organization forced ventilation. You can buy a special fan or create one natural ventilation, the action of which is based on the temperature difference.
Finally, all that remains is to install the toilet, connect it to the cesspool, and the toilet will be ready for use. From an ordinary city toilet similar system The only difference is that the wastewater is not discharged into the sewer, but into an equipped cesspool.
Such a toilet does not require a cesspool. Instead, a special container is used, installed under the toilet seat. When filled to a certain level, the container is simply removed and cleaned.
In the toilet room you should place a container with sawdust, hay or peat. These materials will need to be poured into the toilet bowl after each trip to the toilet to reduce the intensity of unpleasant odors.
Powder closets are extremely simple and easy to use. For full use of the restroom, it must have high-quality ventilation.
If desired, after 2-3 years it will be possible to “move” by arranging a clean container in a new location and filling the old cesspool with earth. It will be possible to “move” for the fourth time to the very first place. Over the years, the waste will completely rot.
Wood is an excellent material with many advantages, but it has one serious drawback - during its service, the material is somewhat deformed and changes in size. After some time, gaps will appear between the boards used to cover the walls of the country toilet. To disguise them, you can use a narrow strip. It is enough to simply stuff such slats over the cracks and the problem will be solved.
Thus, in independent arrangement There is nothing complicated about a country toilet. You can make either a simple structure based on a cesspool or a more modern toilet with advanced characteristics. The choice is yours!
Video - Do-it-yourself country toilet step by step
If you decide to make a country toilet with your own hands, then this article is just for you. We will look at everything you need to know: from choosing the right location to constructing a cesspool and construction wooden structure. You just need to follow the recommendations from the review to get the job done easily.
How to organize work
To make a country toilet, you don’t have to be a builder or carpenter. The structure is simple, so its construction can be done by anyone. But there is whole line nuances, failure to comply with which can lead to many problems, so first of all you need to understand the installation rules. Only after this can you start working.
How to choose a place
First of all you need to choose correct location country toilet.
There are several rules to remember when determining the construction site:
- Distance from toilet to source drinking water must be at least 25 meters. Ideally, the further away the well is located, the better. You cannot place the structure closer, especially if your groundwater is located close to the surface;
- It is better to place the structure no closer than 5 m from the house. This is due to sanitary standards, and the fact that if they are close together, unpleasant odors will penetrate into the house, especially in summer time when the windows are open. It is also advisable to take into account the prevailing wind direction in your region, so that if possible, place the toilet on the leeward side;
- You should also maintain a distance from the fence, the minimum distance is 1 m. If you place the structure closely, your neighbors may sue you and you will have to move the structure;
- When deciding where to put the toilet, do not forget to take into account the level of the site. It is necessary to install the building so that it is not located in the highest place. But it is also undesirable to build in lowlands, especially if there is water on your site in the spring.
If you have a closed cesspool, then do not forget to provide a place for the access of a sewage truck. Otherwise, situations often arise where the car simply cannot drive up.
Materials and tools
To build a frame toilet with a cesspool, you need a simple set of materials. All necessary components are presented in table form for clarity.
| Material | Recommendations for selection |
| Wood block | The frame of the structure will be constructed from it. It is better to take options with a cross-section of 40x40 mm or larger to ensure strength and reliability. Pine is most often used, its price is low, and its reliability is quite sufficient for our work. |
| Board | To cover the structure, boards with a thickness of 32 millimeters or more are used. If desired, the outside surfaces can be sheathed with a block house or imitation timber. But you can get by with a cheap board, especially if you want to carry out the process with minimal costs |
| Roofing material | For these purposes, you can use slate, metal tiles, flexible roof and any other suitable material. Some use regular roofing felt that is attached to a board or oriented strand board deck. |
| Material for cesspool | Simply digging a hole and leaving it like that is extremely undesirable: the walls may settle over time, and your toilet will fall or fail. For the pit, you can use tires from trucks or tractors, you can lay out the walls of brick, or you can make it from concrete rings (special ones are sold sewer options reduced diameter) |
| Pipe for ventilation | It is best to use a regular sewer pipe with a diameter of 110 mm for these purposes. Its quantity depends on the height of the structure |
As for the tools, you need the following set:
- Hacksaw or power tool for cutting wood. You can get by manual option, it's much cheaper;
- Shovel for digging a cesspool;
- If you are laying brick, you will need a trowel and a container for preparing the mortar;
- You can assemble the structure either using nails (you need a hammer) or self-tapping screws (you need a screwdriver). I prefer the second option for its reliability;
- A tape measure with a pencil, a square and a level will help you take accurate measurements and assemble an even structure.
Digging a cesspool
This part of the work, despite its simplicity, takes a lot of effort, so it is better to dig a hole not by yourself, but with 1-2 assistants, so that you can rest alternately.
The workflow consists of the following steps:
- The configuration of the future pit is determined. If you use wheels or rings, you need a recess round shape. If the walls are made of brick, then you can make a square version with a side of 100-120 cm. It is important to decide what type of pit it will be; if the groundwater is close to the surface, then it is better to make it closed type to prevent waste from getting into the soil;
- The surface is marked and work begins. Upper fertile layer It is better to remove the soil separately to use it in the garden. Next, the soil is selected and either removed or evenly scattered to raise the level of the site or level out the holes on the site;
- The depth is usually about 2 meters. There is no need to do more. After the pit is ready, it is worth leveling the bottom and adjusting the walls, if necessary;
- If the walls are made of brick, it is better to make them square. Drawing a circle is much more difficult, but putting straight sides is easier. You don’t need perfect masonry quality, the main thing is to securely fasten the elements to the mortar and make the walls more or less even. You can leave holes in the bottom for drainage;
- Tire installation is even easier. They are carefully placed on top of each other and aligned. There is no need to secure them additionally. You can make a slot in the upper element so that you can then insert a hose to pump out the cesspool;
- If concrete rings are used, it is better to install them using a lift. Most often, two rings are used, the depth is exactly two meters;
- If necessary, the bottom is concreted. Everything is simple here: the soil is leveled, a 10 cm sand cushion is poured and compacted. A mortar 5 cm thick is poured on top;
- If you have an open option, then a drainage layer is poured onto the bottom. Everything is easy here: you take crushed stone of the middle fraction and distribute it in a layer of 20-30 cm over the surface.
Construction of a house
Now let's figure out how to make a toilet in the country with your own hands.
The process is simple and consists of the following steps:
- Before building a toilet, draw up a design with all the dimensions. This will greatly simplify the workflow, because you will know all the parameters of each element. In addition, when you clearly imagine the end result, the assembly is much faster and easier;
- Materials are prepared according to the drawing. The bars are cut into pieces of the required size. If you have pitched roof, then the front pillars should be 20 cm higher than the rear ones, this is the simplest roofing option;
- First of all, the base is assembled. The most important thing here is to make the structure level; to do this, be sure to check the diagonals before fastening all the elements. This is the easiest way to control the geometry and eliminate distortions. It is best to fasten the parts with self-tapping screws;
To provide best reliability It is advisable to treat the lower part with mining or other protective composition.
- The base is installed on the soil. Easiest to use 4 concrete blocks, which will exclude contact wooden surfaces with the ground and will become a reliable support for the structure. I do not recommend pouring a foundation; the blocks do an excellent job as a foundation;
- Vertical posts are attached. The easiest way to work is to use metal fastening corners; with their help you will quickly and reliably connect the elements. When attaching, it is important to control the verticality of the posts using a level. If necessary, you can additionally fix the block with temporary braces;
- A toilet seat is being built. Everything is simple here: a frame is made from a block, 40 cm high and at least 50 cm wide. There are no special requirements, the main thing is to ensure the rigidity of the structure. For this part of the structure, the same block is used as for the racks;
- Roof supports and door frame are attached. As for the bars on the roof, they must have a projection of 20 cm to cover the walls from precipitation. For doors, a reinforcing leaf is made according to the size of the future canvas. How it all looks when assembled is clearly shown in the photo below;
- The walls are covered with boards. Everything is simple here, the main thing is to cut the material to size. Fastening is done using self-tapping screws or nails. It is better to use an edged board so that there are no gaps in the structure. The toilet is still an outdoor one, and it is undesirable for the wind to blow there;
- The door is assembled and installed. Used simple design, which consists of a board, two jumpers and one or two braces to ensure reliability. Moreover, it is better to first assemble the structure, and then evenly cut off the upper and lower parts. The cloth is attached to the toilet frame with hinges, which can be purchased at any hardware store;
- The ventilation pipe is easiest to install from the back. It should be at least 20 cm higher than the roof and lower into the hole by about 15 cm. To improve ventilation and protection from precipitation, a deflector is attached to the top.
After construction, do not forget to treat the structure with a protective compound. You can use both paint and impregnations, which do not hide the structure of the wood, but reliably protect the surface from moisture and pests. Painting must be renewed at least once every 3 years; this will extend the service life of the structure by at least twice.
Construction of a powder closet
If the groundwater level in the area is very high or there are other restrictions on the construction of a cesspool, then it is easier to build a powder closet. It is also called peat toilet due to the fact that peat is used as a filler when used.
The design is largely similar to the usual option, but there are also differences, which we will discuss below:
- First of all, you need to make a diagram of the future structure. It is similar to the option described above, but in it the house is placed not on a pit, but on a base of concrete blocks installed on the ground;
- The house can be assembled anywhere and placed where you need it. It is better to make a floor in the toilet so that you can place the bucket not on the ground, but on the flooring. When determining the size, do not forget that there should be a bucket of peat nearby. This is why such toilets are usually wider than standard ones;
- The height of the pedestal depends on the size of the bucket or container that will be used. Decide on this aspect first, and then get to work. It often turns out that after assembly it turns out that the bucket does not fit and you have to adapt, although if you foresee this in advance, then problems can be avoided;
- Consider how the container will be removed. You can make a folding toilet seat, or you can build doors in the back wall to take the bucket out from the street. There is not much difference, choose what is more convenient for you.
Conclusion
Using this review, you can easily build a country toilet. All stages are described in great detail, and the video in this article clearly shows important points workflow to make it even easier for you to understand the topic. If you have any questions, please post them in the comments below.
To the owners of undeveloped summer cottages or lands with dilapidated buildings, the task is to improve them. First of all, you need to build a restroom on your territory. To make it comfortable and pleasing to the eye in appearance, you should carefully consider own project or it’s good to try on a purchased design.
We build from wood according to traditions
Despite the abundance of materials on construction market, including innovative ones, wood remains the most popular in the construction of toilets.
Advantages of wood:
- Environmental friendliness. When the boards have served their purpose, the latrine can be dismantled and burned in the oven.
- Decorative. Even the simplest wooden toilet easily fits into the design of any summer cottage, emphasizing its natural beauty.
- Hygiene. Wood absorbs unpleasant odors, masking them.
- Durability. If you use special impregnations against bacteria, fungi and insects or paint that protects against harmful ultraviolet radiation, you can significantly extend the service life of the material.
- Low cost.
The main disadvantage of wood is its increased flammability, which can be reduced by treating it with heat-resistant agents.
A simple latrine can be built in one day
A latrine made of boards at the dacha can be built with a cesspool (backlash-closet) or with a container for waste (powder-closet). The first option is necessary for summer residents with big family, permanently residing on the site, and the second is suitable for those who care for the garden several days a year. In this case, the container with biological waste can be emptied approximately once a month. In addition, the type of latrine is influenced by the location of groundwater: if it is close, then you should not dig a cesspool.
Having decided on the design of the toilet, you can begin drawing up a drawing that will simplify the assembly of the frame, or use ready-made plans.
The drawing shows detailed dimensions
In any case, it is recommended to manufacture structural parts strictly according to the drawing in order to avoid inaccuracies and distortions. The simplest model of a restroom, which does not require special skill, is considered to be the “Birdhouse”. Typically its height is two to three meters, width is one meter, and length is one or one and a half meters. If desired, all these dimensions can be increased or a double restroom can be made.
The Teremok toilet looks original, especially with its arrow-shaped shape, which does not retain snow. And also the “fairytale” design is well protected from the wind. Its main element, unlike the Birdhouse, is not the frame and walls, but the roof, fixed to a truncated base.
The structure, lined with a slab, is well protected from snow
Another common type of latrine is the “Shalash”, where the side walls simultaneously serve as roof slopes. This model can be built in just a few hours. Decoration Materials In such a design, only the back and front are needed; roofing materials are laid on the sides.
Comfortable sitting - important detail any restroom
We are building a drawing
The development of a drawing of a country toilet should begin with the frame, noting the dimensions of the structure (length, width, height) and indicating the cross-section of the timber or boards. In project wooden building cutting diagram should be displayed facing material, the amount of which is calculated for one side (due to symmetry), front and rear walls. When creating a drawing of a “Birdhouse”, the front wall must be built higher than the back wall for slope if the roof is pitched. In the toilet with gable roof the front and back walls are the same height. Those who are planning to make a ceiling in the restroom should also display it in the illustration.
We calculate the amount of materials
Standard set of products for a small country toilet two meters high:
- Two pieces of edged boards from four to six meters.
- Four floorboards of six meters.
- Three-meter lining - two or four packs (depending on the type of internal lining).
- Edged timber with a thickness of at least 50×50 mm or a board - from 20 mm for the frame.
- Glassine - four meters.
- Ruberoid - one and a half meters.
- Twenty special galvanized nails for eight-wave slate or corrugated sheeting.
- Galvanized steel for the ridge.
- Door with fittings.
- Two buckets of sand.
- Antifungal drug packaging.
- Roofing material (120×140 mm).
The list may vary and be supplemented depending on the selected toilet model. The final estimate is drawn up according to a pre-created drawing. To build a toilet roof 1.5 m long and 1.2 m wide, you will need 1.8 m2 of edged boards (calculated by multiplying the length by the width) plus three meters (0.75 boards) for the side rafters.
As a result, 1.75 boards 4 m long and 0.25 m wide are enough to cover the roof. The amount of floorboard is determined according to the same scheme: 0.6 m 2 (1 m x 0.6 m) is needed for flooring and (0.6 m x 0.4 m x 2 + 1 m x 0.4 m + 1 m x 0.6 m = 1.48 m 2) - for a toilet seat, and the area of four boards is six meters long and thick 100 mm is 2.4 m 2.
To cover the back and two side walls of the restroom you will need 7.28 m 2 of boards. The area is also calculated by multiplying the length by the width. As a result, 2 m2 of lining will go to the back wall and 2.64 m2 to one side wall (2.64 m2 x 2 + 2 m2 = 7.28 m2).
For a parallelepiped-shaped restroom model, the length of the lining must be at least 1.24 m (if the products are stuffed crosswise), and the width and thickness can be taken arbitrarily. Calculations are made in a similar way: the area of the walls of the structure is determined and divided by the area of one board of the lining, the number of necessary elements is obtained.
We are building a restroom according to the traditions of Russian architecture
We purchase quality material
If you decide to build a restroom from boards, then it is better to use widespread products made of larch, which does not darken, retains its original appearance for a long time and is durable. Edged boards can be planed or unprocessed. The first ones are more expensive, but they are already dried, polished and do not injure your hands during operation.
The toilet can also be covered with clapboard - thin boards that are fastened together with grooves. It is usually created from coniferous species wood, resists moisture and temperature changes well and does not deform when exposed to sunlight.
The lining withstands weather conditions well
Budgetary and convenient option In the construction of a closet, used pallets can be used - packaging products that are convenient to fasten, break, process and combine with other materials. They can easily be obtained for free by contacting transport companies who do not need “garbage”, or purchase at a bargain price through thematic portals.
Pallets are connected to each other with bolts
You can also cover the restroom with moisture-resistant plywood, fiberboard, chipboard or sealed OSB boards. All of the materials listed are easy to install and resistant to adverse biological influences. However, it should be borne in mind that fiberboard and chipboard made from glued sawdust can be damaged under impact loads, especially thin materials. A toilet with a 0.5 mm fiberboard coating is unlikely to last long.
Modern OSB-3 boards, made from wood chips with synthetic resins in the form of three layers, can withstand significant mechanical stress and are easy to construct. Therefore they are suitable for structures designed for long-term operation. A restroom made from logs or timber will be reliable, durable and pleasing to the eye with an antique style. This design has only one drawback - the high price.
Preparing the necessary tools
In the process of building a toilet you will need:
- building level;
- hacksaw or portable circular saw;
- plane;
- Screwdriver Set;
- self-tapping screws;
- hammer.
Step-by-step instructions for building a country toilet
The following methods are used to construct a latrine cesspool:
- installation of reinforced concrete rings;
- laying out brick walls;
- installation of special polymer tanks;
- concreting using lathing.
Phased construction of a toilet:
- Having prepared the project, you should decide on the location of the latrine, which should not disturb the neighbors, so it will have to be installed at a distance of one to one and a half meters from the fence. If you decide to make a cesspool, provide access for a sewer truck. You should not build a toilet in lowlands that may be flooded by spring floods.
- The construction of a backlash closet begins with digging a hole, which can be with drainage or sealed. The first option is less labor-intensive, and the second is indispensable for high level groundwater spreading sewage throughout the site.
The cesspool should be located no closer than 5 meters from wells, residential buildings and areas with fruit trees
- The pit is dug in accordance with the dimensions in the drawing, compacted, filled with sand and cemented. After this, the walls are covered with lathing and filled with mortar or lined with bricks (as an option: concrete rings). Next, the surface is plastered and processed together with the bottom. bitumen mastic. Do not forget that the walls must rise above the ground by no less than sixteen centimeters.
- A capital pit can be built with a filter bottom, filling it with broken bricks or crushed stone. This way, liquid waste will go into the ground, so you will need to clean the pit much less often. Installation of a plastic container can be done on any site, observing sanitary and hygienic standards, since in this case fecal matter do not get into the ground.
Broken bricks are placed at the bottom of the pit
- On next stage the foundation is being installed. For a toilet, it is enough to dig concrete pillars or blocks around the perimeter. The frame, which has four vertical bases, is constructed from wooden beam or specialized metal pipes. The longitudinal rafters of the roof framing should protrude no less than thirty centimeters beyond the perimeter of the building.
The base for the restroom can be made from treated slats
- The base is fastened with four slats at the level of the toilet seat, corresponding to the height for ease of use (usually forty centimeters from the finishing floor covering is enough). After this, the jibs of the side and rear walls are mounted diagonally and vertical supports for doors, fastened with a lintel at the top, no more than one hundred and ninety centimeters in height.
The toilet seat is located at a distance of approximately 40 cm from the floor
- The finished frame is sheathed with clapboard, boards, OSB, etc.
The toilet frame is covered with slats
- There is a door on the back wall for convenient waste removal. It is better to seal the lid with roofing felt or other moisture-proofing material. Installation required ventilation pipe in the slots of the toilet seat and roof.
The rear door for waste collection is equipped with ventilation
- Next, a door with a window for lighting, equipped with a hook and latch, is hung.
The roof covering is installed using a drill
It is better to make the frame for a parallelepiped structure from larch beams, and pine is more suitable for floors, walls, ceilings and doors. To make the toilet neat, you need to take careful measurements in accordance with the drawing.
The “Shalash” model is built very quickly. Work begins with installing the front and back walls from edged pine boards with a thickness of at least thirty millimeters. The material can be attached to both nails and self-tapping screws. Next, longitudinal and transverse beams are installed according to the drawing, and the base of the pedestal is mounted on the rear wall and spacer element.
After assembling the frame, the platform and floor are sheathed. For the latter, it is better to take a hardwood board measuring 20x100 millimeters. Ventilation in the “Shalash” is mounted on the back wall. The door, as always, is attached at the final stage.
Video: do-it-yourself country toilet combined with shower
Creating a durable finishing layer
An outdoor toilet is constantly exposed to the adverse effects of precipitation, wind and temperature changes. This causes the tree to darken and rot. Will help extend its service life protective covering, which must be aesthetically pleasing.
The original design of the toilet can decorate the area
Main types of coatings:
- Oil paints. They impregnate wood well, form a strong layer, and last up to seven years. Have high consumption and take a long time to dry.
- Antiseptics. They penetrate to a depth of approximately one centimeter and protect the material from blue staining, mold and rot. Preserve the natural color of the wood or slightly tint it.
- Glazing paints. Translucent, last up to five years, do not change the surface texture.
- Topcoat paints. They also preserve the relief of the material, do not lose their appearance for up to seven years, and form a very durable layer.
- Acrylic paints. They can last up to ten years, allow the wood to breathe, and retain color perfectly.
Fans of the natural shade of wood are better off using antiseptics and special impregnations. Those who want to give free rein to their imagination can use dark colors that will not become dirty. Designers do not recommend covering the toilet with flashy, bright colors that catch the eye. It is better if the restroom is hidden from prying eyes.
In most cases, buildings are painted after assembly. However, this has its downsides. After all, the edges of the boards and others hard to reach places will be left without protection. It is more correct to process the material before constructing the restroom.
People who know how to draw well can decorate a toilet in an original way. Birds, insects, flowers on a dark background and other images will make your closet different from others.
“When painting toilet walls, you should not use varnish, which traps steam and is not suitable for outdoor work.”
It is recommended to apply the products to a clean, well-sanded surface. First, treatment is carried out with an antiseptic, and then applied finishing coat in two or three layers with drying. Paint boards under scorching sun This is not possible, otherwise cracks will appear after drying. The primer must match the tone of the base paint. During operation, the product must be constantly stirred to achieve an even layer.
Natural dark tones are optimal for the restroom
It’s not difficult to build a comfortable wooden toilet in your country house. Even a beginner can cope with this task. However, in order for the result not to disappoint, a number of simple conditions must be met. It is not forbidden to use ready-made drawings, but before you begin to implement the project, you need to thoroughly understand them. Better yet, make the necessary modifications to finished drawing(size changes, design adjustments, etc.). Creativity allows you to get the best result.
One thing to remember when planning to build a toilet for your dacha with your own hands is: step-by-step instruction will be special for each of the options, of which there are quite a lot. Designs can work according to different principles, and materials for construction are selected taking into account their cost, durability and aesthetic appeal. Experts recommend that before purchasing materials and building a toilet, not only carefully consider the chosen option, but also make necessary calculations, find optimal place for installation, draw a diagram or drawing.
When choosing a design to build a toilet in a country house with your own hands, they focus, first of all, on the comfort of using the building. Moreover, not only visiting the toilet should be convenient, but also servicing it. In order to do right choice, you should familiarize yourself with the operating features of each of the toilet options.
Pit toilets
The easiest option for waste disposal is a do-it-yourself toilet pit in the country. A house is installed above it, often called in everyday life, depending on the appearance, “birdhouse” or “hut”, the degree of comfort of which depends on the capabilities of the master. The pit is cleaned using a sewer truck. Similar designs - not the most perfect, but due to the simplicity of the device and cost-effectiveness, they remain popular and in demand if we're talking about O suburban areas, where owners do not appear often. Toilets with cesspools are also suitable for dachas where a small number of people live.
The photo shows a diagram of a toilet above a cesspool
Backlash closets
The backlash closet is an improved design of a toilet with a cesspool, distinctive feature it is the complete sealing of the drive. A backlash closet can be arranged in such a way that the toilet is located in a heated room (house), and the storage tank is located outside it (as a rule, against the wall adjacent to the toilet). The toilet is connected to the storage tank by an inclined or vertical pipe, through which waste flows by gravity into the tank. Due to the tightness, cleaning of the backlash closet storage can only be done with the help of vacuum trucks. Backlash closet more convenient and hygienic than a regular toilet in a country house with a cesspool.
When arranging a backlash closet, the toilet is located in the room, which is an advantage of this type of design Powder closets
Powder closets are great in cases where when there is groundwater in the area close to the surface. This feature may cause trouble when installing other structures, but will not affect the operation of the powder closet. A significant advantage of this option for a country toilet is the ability to transform waste into environmentally friendly organic fertilizer . The powder closet gets its name from the principle of operation - the waste in the storage tank is sprinkled (“powdered”) with a dry composition (peat or peat-sawdust mixture). As a result, the occurrence of putrefactive processes is prevented and the likelihood of unpleasant odors is minimized. Waste, sprinkled with peat, is unloaded into the toilet tank as it fills. compost pit, where they turn into compost.
Powder closets can be stationary with large storage units or compact portable ones. In the second case, a small-sized structure can be brought into the house at night or during rain.
Dry toilets
The dry closets, which are a ready-made compact toilet, have become popular and have proven themselves really well in use. Their operating principle may be similar to the operation of a peat powder closet. Recycling and decomposition of waste in such peat dry closets occurs using a peat mixture.
In other models it is possible for recycling. Dry or liquid fillers contain cultures of certain types of bacteria.
In chemical models, active substances for waste decomposition are chemicals. When choosing, you should take into account that safe and effective fillers are more expensive than others, and some substances used by uninformed summer residents (bleach, formaldehyde, etc.) are prohibited due to toxicity.
Choosing a place to build a toilet
When telling how to make a toilet in a country house with your own hands, experts usually place special emphasis on where it is best to place the structure. In this regard, there are absolute requirements that must be met in any case. They define minimum distances from the toilet to residential and outbuildings, water sources and other objects:
- to a house that has a cellar or basement, as well as to a garage or barn with similar underground structures - 12 meters,
- to the source of drinking water – 25 meters,
- to a barn without a cellar, garage or sauna - 8 meters,
- to the fence - 1 meter.
- Placing the building according to the wind rose will allow the structure to be installed so that the unpleasant smell does not cause inconvenience to the owners or disturb the neighbors.
- If the site has complex terrain, it is recommended to choose a level place for the toilet, and if there is a source of water in the country, the toilet is located below it in level.
- If you need to use the services of a cesspool truck to pump out a toilet, you need to provide for the possibility of its access to the cesspool, taking into account the length of the equipment hose.
Selection of materials
Building a toilet in a country house with your own hands is possible from various materials. Choice determined by cost and availability various options. For example, if an outdoor toilet is installed as a temporary structure during the construction of a full-fledged sewer system, you can choose cheaper materials. If the dacha is visited only in the summer and an outdoor toilet is the only option, it is better to choose reliability and durability, even if additional costs are required.
Wooden models
Wooden outdoor toilets- This is probably the most common option. It combines economy and practicality, however, it should be borne in mind that wood is susceptible to moisture. To protect the material, special impregnations can be used. The service life of the material can be significantly increased by primed and painted the boards. Lovers natural texture wood structures are often coated with a transparent, moisture-proof varnish.
Brick toilet
A brick toilet is a permanent structure that will stand for decades without requiring repairs. The cost of materials for such a structure is higher, but if you have some bricks left after building a house or garage, you should take advantage of this opportunity. If you are planning to build a brick toilet in your country house with your own hands, do not forget that the massive structure requires installation on a foundation. Experts recommend choosing for a country toilet strip foundation. It requires less excavation work, reduces the consumption of cement for pouring, but ensures the reliability and safety of structures on almost any soil. Although for structures made of lighter materials it is also possible to use a columnar foundation.
Using corrugated sheets
A country toilet made of corrugated sheets is a frame structure covered with sheet metal. metal material. The corrugated sheet has a coating that protects it from moisture, so it can be used for buildings on outdoors without any risk. The frame of the building is optionally made of wood or metal. The use of corrugated sheets can significantly reduce the construction time of a toilet.
Construction of a toilet with a cesspool
If you are building such a toilet for your dacha with your own hands, the step-by-step instructions begin with the storage device.
- Digging a pit. Its volume is usually calculated based on the conditions of use (number of people, frequency and duration of visits to a summer cottage, etc.). Usually a pit 2 meters deep is quite sufficient. The cross-section of such a pit is a square with sides of 1 meter or a circle with a diameter of one meter. These parameters can be increased slightly taking into account the need to strengthen the walls of the pit.
- Doing the bottom. The most in a simple way The bottom may be filled with crushed stone or gravel. However, this method does not exclude partial penetration of waste from the toilet into the soil. If groundwater is located in an area close to the surface of the earth, it is better to make the bottom impenetrable, for example, by filling it with concrete mortar.
- Strengthening walls. You can strengthen the walls of a cesspool for a toilet in a country house with your own hands using brickwork, concrete rings or concrete mortar using poured construction technology (the mortar is gradually poured into the formwork, no more than 50 cm in height at a time). In all cases, it is important to ensure the tightness of the structure (fill the seams between the rings, avoid gaps when performing brickwork). For guard surface waters in the area to prevent impurities from entering them, the walls can be plastered or covered with a waterproofing layer for greater reliability.
Important: If the groundwater level in your area is higher than 2.5 meters, then the cesspool must be made completely sealed, including the bottom.
After this, the selected house structure is erected over the pit. Most often in such cases a wooden structure is installed.
Construction of a wooden house step by step
Toilet ventilation
Although correct device using a country toilet with your own hands allows you to minimize the appearance unpleasant odor, and many models exclude the occurrence of putrefactive processes in the mass of waste, a toilet in the country, made with a cesspool, or another structure must be provided with ventilation.
The ventilation pipe is inserted into the storage tank no less than 15 cm. Light and durable plastic pipes are well suited for these purposes. sewer pipes with a diameter of 100 mm. For stability, they are attached from the outside to the wall of the building using metal clamps. The ventilation pipe should rise approximately 50 cm above the roof. The ventilation pipe is protected from rain and debris using a deflector installed at the end of the pipe.
Construction of a backlash closet
If you are deciding how to build a toilet at your dacha yourself, a backlash closet should be considered as one of the best options. It is very simple to implement and does not require significant expenses. At the same time, such structures are more comfortable than ordinary “birdhouses” with holes.
First of all, it is important to choose a location for excavation work. The waste pit, unlike many other structures, is located directly next to the house, since the toilet from which the waste will flow will be located inside the house. So, you need to designate a place for the toilet inside the room and a place for the storage tank near the adjacent wall. The depth of the pit must be at least 1 meter, and its walls must be completely waterproofed. Experts recommend making the bottom and walls of the tank from poured concrete, followed by covering the strengthened structure with a waterproofing layer (for example, bitumen). You can increase the reliability of waterproofing by using clay castle(layer thickness – at least 0.5 m).
The upper part of the toilet pit is closed with a double lid - a layer of heat insulation is installed between the layers of cast iron and wood. Gravity flow of waste can be ensured by the inclination of the pipe that leads from the toilet to the storage tank (in this case, at the construction stage it is necessary to provide an inlet for it, and after entering it, seal the seam) or by the design of the tank itself (an expanding pit that goes under the house in the direction from the toilet to the street with a sloping floor). Ventilation is necessary for the backlash closet. In the cold season, the efficiency of the hood can be ensured by the temperature difference, and in the summer it is better to use an exhaust fan.
Powder closet device
If you are building such a country toilet with your own hands step by step, the instructions will be quite concise. The simplicity of the device is explained, among other things, by the fact that the powder closet does not require the construction of a pit. For compact designs excavation are not needed at all, and for stationary ones a hole in the ground may be required in which to place storage capacity(bucket or tank). The construction of a powder closet boils down to installing a container under the toilet seat for collecting sewage and supplying the toilet with a box with backfill (peat, sawdust, etc.) and a scoop. You should fill up waste after each visit to the restroom.
Video
The video will clearly demonstrate how to build a toilet in a country house with your own hands. The video lists necessary materials with dimensions, tools, and also a sequence of work with comments.
Toilet in the country photo
Here we have selected several photographs on the topic of our article “How to make a toilet in the country with your own hands.”
