Ventilated facades using porcelain stoneware slabs were initially used only for finishing public and administrative buildings. However, the strength and durability of the material, as well as its refined and expensive appearance quickly attracted the attention of private home owners. No wonder today widespread receive country cottages with porcelain stoneware cladding.

Features of the material

A ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware serves to protect the walls of the building from negative factors external environment, and also performs a decorative function. The material is used to organize a suspended facade system, one of the features of which is the fastening of the finishing material to a special sheathing.

The curtain wall can be ventilated or unventilated. The first type is characterized by the presence of air space between the wall and the facade material. The advantages of a ventilated system using porcelain tiles include increasing the heat and sound insulation performance of the building, its weather resistance, and at the same time durability.

Using lathing allows you to hide minor defects and unevenness of the finished surface. Finally, the airspace can be installed thermal insulation material. In this case, an air “cushion” is formed between the outer finishing layer and the insulation layer.

Siding, slabs and porcelain stoneware, which is popular today, are used as facing materials. Let's take a closer look at what this material is.

Porcelain tile is a type of artificial stone. It contains quartz sand, clay, feldspar, as well as dyes and modifiers. The surface of porcelain stoneware imitates texture natural stone. The visual similarity of the materials is surprisingly accurate - a non-professional can only identify an artificial analogue upon close, careful examination.

Unlike natural stone, porcelain stoneware has less weight, simpler processing and installation method. It does not require constant maintenance, has a smooth surface that is prone to self-cleaning, and is characterized by the absence of background radiation. Finally, the cost of porcelain tiles is almost 3 times lower than the cost of their natural counterpart.

It is also worth noting such advantages of facade material as:

• high strength, resistance to environmental influences;
• increased resistance to loads (static and dynamic);
• improved sound insulation values;

• maintainability - the ability to replace only a damaged element without dismantling the entire facade;
• fire safety - the material does not burn, is not prone to self-ignition, does not emit toxic substances in the event of a fire;
• environmental friendliness due to the natural composition;
• durability.

Compared to other facing materials (except natural stone), porcelain stoneware has heavy weight. This implies additional strengthening of the building’s foundation, which means an increase in the labor intensity of the construction process and installation of slabs, and also entails an increase in financial costs. It is worth noting that the cost of the material itself is quite high.

Device

The impressive weight of porcelain stoneware slabs implies the manufacture of a powerful and reliable subsystem. Routing The material recommends using it only on an aluminum base. However, in practice, galvanized analogues are used to reduce installation costs. There is no official data indicating the collapse of facades as a result of such a replacement, however, it should always be remembered that failure to comply with the manufacturer’s recommendations entails additional risks.

The subsystem is used to install porcelain stoneware on it and to ensure that the air gap between external cladding and a wall. The basis of the subsystem is profiles connected to each other horizontally and vertically.

Fixation of porcelain stoneware is usually carried out using clamps, which are mounted openly or hidden. The latter method is more labor-intensive and increases the cost, but is aesthetically more attractive. Only facade tiles made of porcelain stoneware are used for work. Despite the apparent strength of the floor analogue, its use is unacceptable due to the greater thickness of the tiles, and, therefore, greater weight. The thickness of the facade tiles is always the same and is 10 mm.

The subsystem profiles are fastened to the wall using brackets. Insulation (mineral or basalt wool), and on top of it there is a windproof film. All components and fasteners must be made of stainless steel or have an anti-corrosion coating.

Kinds

Depending on the method used to cover the subsystem, there are 2 types of ventilated porcelain stoneware facades:

• adhesive system (the slabs are fixed to the sheathing with polyurethane glue);
• clamp system (fastening of porcelain stoneware to the subsystem is carried out using fastening mechanisms).

A building finished with porcelain stoneware can look different. This partly depends on the type of “stone” used.

There are the following types of porcelain stoneware slabs:

• matte (the surface is not polished during the manufacturing process, so the product is non-shiny and has the lowest cost);
• glossy (looks more elegant, respectable, the surface does not attract dust, but the smallest cracks and scratches are visible on it);
• satin (characterized by a variety of shades and the presence of dark patterns, which is achieved by spraying mineral salt onto the surface);

• semi-polished (polished with compounds with larger fractions, which reduces the cost of the product compared to its glossy counterpart);
• structural (matte, slightly rough surface with an imitation of the texture of natural stone).

Differences may also concern the size of the slabs. There is no single standard regulating the requirements for material dimensions. Typically, the slabs have a square shape with sides ranging from 40 to 80 cm. The use of smaller slabs does not look as attractive visually - from a distance the impression of a finely lined facade is created.

Installation methods

As already mentioned, porcelain stoneware can be connected to the sheathing using clamps or glued to polyurethane adhesives. In addition to glue, double-sided adhesive tape is used. Its task is to hold the material until the adhesive composition is completely polymerized.

The mechanical method involves open and closed types installation Open (visible) technology involves the use of an ordinary clamp, the antennae of which are quite noticeable after installation. This is the disadvantage of this method. However open type installation is more efficient and less labor-intensive.

When installed closed, the porcelain stoneware is secured using a clamp to the guide profile. It is clear that the cost of the work increases, as does its complexity. As a result, the joints between the slabs and the fasteners are invisible, creating the effect of a single stone wall.

Main stages of work

Installation of hinged ventilated porcelain stoneware facades is carried out in several stages. We present sample instructions for action.

• Creating a project. At this stage, drawings of the future cladding are drawn up. Examples can be found on the Internet, adapting them to the dimensions and features specific house. After drawing up the plan, the required number of slabs, profiles for sheathing, clamps and other fasteners becomes clear.
• Preparing for work. At this stage, materials are purchased and delivered to the construction site. Because the Vacation home is located private territory, it is not necessary to fence the site of future work with materials that comply with the standards and install a warning sign. However, for the sake of your own safety and to prevent accidental damage to materials, it is recommended to somehow designate the place of work.
• Facade preparation. This stage of work, in turn, includes smaller processes: inspection of the facade, removal of protruding elements of the current cladding, strengthening of dilapidated areas, priming of the surface.

It is important that the marking is carried out exactly in accordance with the design documentation.

• Installation of brackets. The quality of fastening of porcelain tiles depends on the accuracy and reliability of the brackets. Holes are made on the facade for the bracket, the diameter of which is 5 mm less than the diameter of the hardware. Before installing the brackets, a paronite (compensation) insert is laid between them and the wall.
• Fixing the insulation. Typically, basalt insulation in the form of slabs is used. It is placed between the brackets and fixed with foam glue or dowels. It is necessary to start laying thermal insulation sheets from the bottom; it is recommended to place them on the base or starting profile.

The latter prevents the insulation from slipping and also protects it from rodents. Each subsequent row of insulating material is laid offset by ½ sheet.

• Membrane installation. Windproof film (or its improved version - a diffusion membrane) is designed to protect thermal insulation sheets from air flows that penetrate into the space under the facade through ventilation gaps. The film covers the entire facade and is overlapped. After its installation, umbrella dowels are installed on top of the film, breaking through the insulation. Thanks to this, it is possible to hold the materials together and ensure their reliable fixation.
• Installation of profiles. Manufactured in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations for assembly type children's construction set– first the load-bearing elements are installed and fastened, then all the others.

• Installation of porcelain tiles. If the boards are glued to profiles, then it is necessary to follow the manufacturer's instructions, which are usually given on the packaging with the glue. When fixing with clamps, in accordance with the design documents, the location of the fastener on the T-profile should be determined. Use a drill to make holes for the fasteners, then attach the clamp with rivets. Now you can install a facade slab on it.

When performing hidden installation, at least 4 cuts are made at the ends of the porcelain stoneware. These holes are connected to fasteners. Similar technology allows you to hide the clamps, as well as evenly distribute the weight of the slab on the frame.

Correcting possible errors

In order for the operation of the facade to be pleasant and long-lasting, it is important to avoid common mistakes.

• Installation of the subsystem at subzero temperatures, which leads to weakening of fasteners and loss of strength of the subsystem.
• Failure to use a compensation lining when installing brackets causes their gradual weakening due to compression and stretching of the material during temperature fluctuations.
• When installing insulation in several layers, the seams of the heat-insulating sheets coincide, which can result in a decrease in the thermal efficiency of the facade due to the formation of cold bridges.
• Excessively close fixation of the clamps, due to which the porcelain stoneware fits too tightly into the fasteners. When heated, this causes an increase in the internal stress of the system and an increase in the size of the plate. This may even cause it to break.

Modern facades can amaze with their uniqueness, unusual design and, of course, mind-blowing cost.

But none of the possible facades is worth anything without a well-built ventilation system that will help you feel comfortable in the room and preserve everything Decoration Materials in a suitable condition for a long period of time.

Facades made of porcelain stoneware

To understand the assembly process, you must first study the structure of the porcelain stoneware facade, and only after that proceed to selecting the most suitable insulation and, of course, the installation process itself.

Of course, it cannot be said that the design of a ventilated facade consists only of porcelain stoneware. It also includes other materials, but due to the fact that they are located between the wall and the front layer, they are not in danger of being exposed to moisture.

Porcelain stoneware facades are all-season, so they can be installed even in winter;

• The panels do not require routine repairs;
• They are resistant to aggressive influences environment;
• Operation is very cheap, as it does not require additional costs.

We can say that the efforts of engineers and builders, who for many years have been looking for effective ways to protect building walls from moisture, were crowned with success as soon as this method of fastening was invented.

Structure and main elements

The structure of a ventilated facade is a rather complex structure, the installation of which must take place in strict accordance with all rules and technological standards. It is precisely because of how well the façade is installed that the lifespan of the building itself will depend, since a reliable and correctly installed façade will be able to protect the surface from wear and damage for many years.

The structure of the facade consists of such basic elements as:

• Insulating layer.
• Insulation materials.
• Frame.
• Removable structural elements.
• The facing material, in our case, is porcelain stoneware slabs.

Selecting insulation

To choose a truly high-quality and most suitable insulation material, it is necessary to take into account such basic factors as its thickness and resistance to a humid environment. These criteria are due to the fact that granite will constantly accumulate moisture, and the insulation must completely resist it in order to maintain its thermal insulation properties.

Minimum thickness at maximum efficiency is important due to the fact that porcelain stoneware is very heavy and should be positioned as closely as possible to the building itself, therefore the thinner the insulation, the tighter the porcelain stoneware façade will be installed.

What to look for when choosing panels

To answer this question, you need to start with the most basic characteristic - the size of the tile. It must be a multiple of the area of ​​the building's façade, and the seams between individual elements must also be taken into account, taking into account temperature fluctuations. The selection of auxiliary parts is also carried out keeping this parameter in mind.

The size of the tile is also important from an aesthetic point of view. Having decided to use small-sized porcelain tiles for cladding the building, otherwise it will look like a checkered notebook leaf. Therefore, experts recommend choosing products measuring at least 600×600 mm.

It is worth remembering that there are differences in calibers. So porcelain stoneware 600x600 mm can have actual dimensions from 592 to 605 mm. But if any deviations occur during installation, then you need to have a certain margin to compensate for them.

We must not forget about the details for fixing the tiles. By selecting The right way Its installation can save money, for example, by installing a porcelain stoneware façade only above the plinth.

Types of fastenings

There are two types of fastening of such structures:

The first will cost more, so it is performed at a lower level, and open throughout the rest of the area. This reduces the overall installation cost.

The material of fasteners is selected taking into account resistance to aggressive environmental influences. Typically, stainless steel or aluminum is used as it is less susceptible to corrosion. An integral part of a ventilated façade is insulation. It should use materials designed for use in outdoor conditions.

Ventilated façade installation technology

To carry out installation, it is necessary to study each of the stages in more detail, which individually is a rather complex technological process. You will need to install different components and at the same time maintain a clear sequence. System technological installation will allow you to get a very high quality, attractive and durable end result.

The façade system and components are installed following the following steps:

• Preparatory stage.
• Marking the area and marking points for fastening.
• Installation of fasteners.
• Fastening insulators and insulation.
• Installation of a guide structure or frame.
• Installation of facing panels.

Step 1: Surface Preparation

The first stage of preparation for further installation is practically the most important, as it solves many problems in advance and contributes to a smoother, higher-quality and safer execution of all installation work.

Many of the actions that need to be done at this stage are prescribed in a special law, which strictly monitors the correct organization of construction. So, first of all, you must worry about the safety of passers-by and residents of nearby buildings:

• Be equipped with a restrictive structure, at a distance of at least three meters from the wall that will be processed.
• Place around the perimeter necessary materials, as well as provide builders with a platform for assembling the structure directly on the ground and close to the installation site.
• Introduce restrictions on installation in unsuitable weather conditions.
• Adhere to all rules and safety management systems when working.

All of the listed nuances, by and large, relate to the finishing of facades of multi-storey buildings, but when decorating your home in the private sector, you must also adhere to them.

To arrange the façade sheathing you will need the following elements

Step 2: Marking mounting points

The next stage, which does not yet relate to installation, but is no longer preparatory, will be marking the attachment points of all support elements. All measurements and marking of lines should be carried out in strict accordance with the plan that was previously developed by the engineers.

The marking technology for components will take place according to the following stages:

• We define and mark the lines of beacons. You need to hit both the extreme vertical and horizontal lines.
• On the vertical extreme lines, we mark with paint the points where the support connections will be mounted to the wall of the building.

Mark the beacon lines that are formed in the form of a lower horizontal line and lateral vertical ones. Mark the intermediate marks on which the brackets will be installed.

Step 3: Mount the brackets

We have prepared for you small instructions, which will describe the technological process for installing the bracket system, it consists of only three stages:

1. Using a hammer drill or any other drilling rig, make holes in the wall.
2. We install the paronite gasket in the prepared holes.
3. We fix the brackets with anchor dowels using a powerful screwdriver.

Make holes in the walls using a hammer drill. Paronite gaskets need to be inserted into the finished holes.

Step 4: Install insulators and insulation

This stage must be carried out with special care, since the comfort of all rooms directly depends on it. To begin with, we install the insulation boards, on which the holes for the brackets are initially prepared. Then we roll out the insulators on top of them and lightly fasten them. We drill holes through the insulation and insulation into which we attach special disc holders.

It is worth noting that the insulation must be laid in a checkerboard pattern, so the risk of cracks forming and the amount of cold passing through the joints will be significantly reduced. To cut most insulation materials, a common stationery knife is used.

Step 5: Install the Guides

Installation of the guides goes quite quickly as you cover a large space at a time. All you need to do is attach the profile to the bracket, align it and secure it with fasteners or bolts. The profiles are not attached to the adjustable brackets as rigidly as possible, so they will have the opportunity to move during the process of subsidence and deformation of the building.

Insert the profiles into the corresponding recesses of the support brackets and secure them with rivets. Don't forget to make fireproof shutoffs.

Finally, it is necessary to secure special fire cutoffs; it is best to ask the firefighters themselves about them. Due to their specialty, they are more competent in this matter.

Step 6: Install the facing slabs

The installation process is quite simple, but requires many different small manipulations. First of all, you need to mark the points on the profiles where the clamps will be installed. After that, according to the markings, a drill is required to install them.

The fastening elements used to fasten this material - clamps - are installed using holes on the guide profiles.

As the clamps are screwed in, porcelain stoneware slabs are laid, which can be installed in two ways: with a seam between individual sections or in a seamless structure. Which one is best suits you or the customer who decides to decorate his façade with such materials.

Ventilated facades made of porcelain stoneware, step-by-step installation technology

Types of ventilated facades. Stages of installation work. Nuances in installing the structure.

Technology of façade cladding with porcelain stoneware

Modern market building materials offers such a large number of options for finishing the facade that it is easy for an inexperienced person to get confused.

Before you go shopping, you need to familiarize yourself with the possible options and choose the right one at home. Today we’ll talk about porcelain stoneware and how good it is for façade cladding.

Manufacturing technology of porcelain tiles for facade cladding

Although the material is manufactured in a factory, it is considered environmentally friendly. The raw materials chosen are:

• refractory clays;
• quartz sand;
• clay with a high content of kaolins;
• feldspar;
• mineral additives acting as a pigment.

As you can see, the substances are only natural, no synthetic components. In terms of composition, porcelain stoneware is classified as a ceramic finishing material.

The technical process begins with the selection of the necessary components and their grinding. Each substance is crushed separately and stored in special containers. Next, the components are mixed dry. The dry mixture is sent to dry to remove moisture.

After drying, they begin to form the tiles. The dried mixture with a moisture content of no more than 7% is poured into prepared forms and sent for pressing. This process takes place in 2 stages:

1. Removing air bubbles under pressure of about 80 kg/m2.
2. Forming tiles – 400kg/m2 and more.

After the press, the molds are sent for additional drying, where the moisture is completely removed. Next, the workpieces are fired in long kilns; they are divided into sections, and each has its own temperature regime:

• 4000 C – preheating;
• 9000 C – primary firing;
• 13000C – final firing. At this stage, the blanks are reduced by 5–10% and a finished tile is obtained.

After such high temperatures It is impossible to remove the material from the oven because the tiles in the molds remain in the last compartment of the oven for some time, where they gradually cool.

It is important that during firing the forms are kept at each temperature for a certain amount of time. If the substances do not undergo complete fusion, the tile will lose strength. If you overexpose it, the elements will change color and quickly fade.

Main types

Despite the fact that only natural substances are used in production, manufacturers produce many varieties of porcelain stoneware. Based on the finishing method, the following are distinguished:

• Matte slabs only undergo a sanding process.

• The polished material is further polished, resulting in a glossy and smooth surface.

• A semi-polished finish is achieved by using coarser materials during polishing. The cost is slightly lower than the previous option.

• Satin plates have an original pattern. To create it, a small amount of mineral salts is sprinkled onto the dry mixture before firing. After fusion, a beautiful ornament is obtained.

• The structured version is only matte. This is an imitation natural materials. The process of creating such tiles is difficult, therefore the price is the most expensive.

In addition, you can choose the color of the products that will be used to cover the walls. Manufacturers offer a choice of natural shades:

There are also radical black options.

The slabs also differ in size. There are small elements of 30x30 cm, and pieces of huge sizes - 120x180 cm. Professionals recommend choosing medium-sized tiles - from 40x40 to 80x80 cm, so as not to overload the facade in one place. Well, installing such parts is easier.

Advantages and disadvantages of the material

Studying the advantages and disadvantages will help make sure that the material is suitable not only in appearance, but also in terms of technical and operational characteristics. Let's start with the advantages of cladding:

• Fire and environmental safety. The material does not burn, and only natural substances are used for production.
• Stability under sharp and frequent variability temperature conditions.
• Moisture-repellent properties.
• Additional noise and heat insulation options.
• Easy to install.
• Long service life. Some manufacturers indicate a figure of more than 50 years, but if you take into account all the subtleties of installation, this value can be increased.
• Unpretentious care. The surface does not accumulate dust and dirt, so it is easily cleaned by precipitation. Water will do from a hose.
• Inert to chemical and ultraviolet influence. The material does not react with cleaning agents if they are used. And it retains its original appearance for a long time throughout its entire service life.

Of the shortcomings, only two can be identified, but for some they will be decisive factors:

1. Large weight of individual elements of porcelain stoneware finishing and the entire structure as a whole. If the design of the house does not take into account the use of such cladding, then it is better to abandon this option. Otherwise, you need to strengthen the foundation and load-bearing walls, and this will delay the cladding process and incur additional costs.
2. Great cost.

If these shortcomings do not frighten you, then porcelain stoneware finishing will decorate your home.

Technology of cladding the facade of a building with porcelain stoneware

To do it yourself Finishing work you need to familiarize yourself with the methods of attaching the material and the main steps technological process. Porcelain tiles can be fixed in two ways:

• Mechanical. Special clamps, rivets or self-tapping screws are used. Suitable for installation on the frame of a ventilated facade.
• On glue solution. Fixes directly to a pre-leveled building wall or stair step.

You can combine wet and mechanical methods installations. As for the technology itself, you need to adhere to the following plan:

1. Preparing the base. Cleaning dirt and stains, removing hanging elements, sealing cracks and holes for fasteners, and, if necessary, leveling with cement mortar. Be sure to treat the surface with primer. A concrete base without imperfections does not need to be leveled.
2. If the installation method based on the principle of a ventilated facade is chosen, a frame is installed.
3. Cladding with porcelain tiles.

Mechanical fastening

This installation method facing material involves the use of clamps, rivets or self-tapping screws. He can be:

• Open - a through hole is made in the tile, and the fasteners will be visible. To ensure that the fasteners are not subject to rapid corrosion, choose options that are galvanized or coated with paint that matches the shade.

• Hidden - holes are made in the end of the element for cladding. Then the fasteners will not be visible to others.

If you choose the wet method of cladding the facade of the building, you need to carefully inspect the base. The surface must be perfectly flat; if there are potholes or protruding parts, plaster will help eliminate them.

For facade work, special glue is chosen. It must withstand changes in temperature conditions and mechanical stress. In addition, you should make sure that you can withstand a heavy load. The manufacturer indicates this information on the packaging.

You can also glue porcelain stoneware onto the porch of a private house. The technology is the same, only after finishing the work the surface cannot be loaded for about 3 days so that the glue can completely harden.

Combined method

For more reliable fixation, use a combined fastening method. A small amount of glue is applied to the tiles and applied to the frame; after the glue has dried, mechanical fastening begins.

The fasteners can be hidden or left in plain sight. Here the owner decides for himself what is more preferable.

As stated above, facing a house with porcelain stoneware can be carried out according to the principle of a ventilated facade. For a weighty structure you need to select reliable profile. Wooden beam may not withstand the load, so it is better to buy a metal profile. In addition, the service life of wood is shorter than that of cladding.

The frame for the ventilation facade is equipped according to the standard plan:

1. Marking and installation of brackets.
2. Arrangement waterproofing layers and laying insulation.
3. Fixation of guides taking into account the size of the tiles. You definitely need to check how evenly the profiles are installed.

Just glue the boards onto cement mortar not the best reliable option. The base is constantly subjected to mechanical stress and therefore the parts can boil. If the decision is made to veneer the base wet method, then you need to choose a suitable adhesive solution. The gluing process will be the same as cladding walls and steps.

But a combined fixation method will be more reliable. The sheathing is installed only from metal profiles, and the fasteners are made hidden. Insulating the basement will not be superfluous. It’s just better to choose materials that are more resistant to high humidity.

Approximate prices for façade cladding with porcelain stoneware

As stated above, such cladding will be quite expensive. Matte tiles cost from 320 rubles per square meter, polished tiles will cost from 1000 rubles/m2. Satin tiles can be purchased at a price that starts from 1,250 rubles per square meter.

In addition, you still need to spend money on a cool mixture or profiles and fasteners. Those who do not want to waste their time or are not comfortable with such work must also pay for the work of a professional team. The cost of the work is almost the same as the materials.

Facade cladding with porcelain stoneware: installation technology (photo, video)

How to properly cladding a house or part of it (basement) with porcelain stoneware slabs? What are the advantages of porcelain stoneware cladding, its main characteristics.

Facade porcelain tiles

Although the material is construction market has existed for several decades, it is still little known to some developers. In order to make a conscious choice, you need to familiarize yourself with porcelain stoneware in more detail.

Installation of a ventilated facade

Manufacturing technology and main types

Artificial stone is made from powders by pressing under high pressure followed by firing. Pressing pressure up to 500 kg/cm 2, firing temperature up to +1300°C. The powder contains quartz sand, clay, kaolins, feldspars and mineral dyes. To give an original appearance, other additives can be used. At first, porcelain stoneware was used only as technical tiles, later it began to be used for the manufacture of floor coverings, plumbing equipment. IN Lately Porcelain stoneware tiles are used to cover the facades of various buildings and structures.

Porcelain tiles allow you to implement complex architectural projects

One of the options for porcelain stoneware finishing

Unlike flooring, the thickness of porcelain stoneware slabs for facades does not exceed ten millimeters. Otherwise, the large weight of the structures has a Negative influence on the foundations of buildings. In addition, the requirements for the load-bearing performance of facade walls are increasing; not all of them are suitable for cladding with such material. Standard overall dimensions does not exist, manufacturers are guided by their own specifications. But for facades it is not recommended to use too small or large tiles, the size must be at least 40x40 cm and no more than 80x80 cm.

Porcelain tiles for facade

Porcelain stoneware facing tiles

Unfortunately, domestic companies (Kerabud, Estima and others) cannot yet produce for facade finishing quality tiles large sizes. Professional builders It is strongly recommended to purchase products from Spanish or Italian companies: Alfa Ceramiche, AO Ceramicas Aparici, etc. You should not deal with the Chinese; the surface of the facade will be uneven due to problems with the accuracy of the slabs. The material belongs to the expensive category, you don’t need to throw away a lot of money and end up with crooked facades, even if they are made of fashionable porcelain stoneware.

Table of external surface options

Features of porcelain tiles for facades

Companies produce mosaic, glazed and other types of porcelain tiles, but they are not used for finishing facades due to their very high cost. In order for the edges of the artificial stone to have perfect sizes, during production they are cut with high-precision machines. The higher the quality of the tile and the smaller the deviation from dimensions, the easier it is to work with. But such material is not available to all consumers due to the high price.

Physical characteristics of porcelain stoneware

Facade ventilated porcelain stoneware with wood effect

Advantages of porcelain stoneware facade slabs

The relatively high cost of the facing material is fully justified by its excellent performance characteristics.

1. The material is completely non-flammable and is recommended by fire organizations for creating barriers.

The material is absolutely non-flammable

Original facade solutions

In all respects, porcelain stoneware for facade cladding is superior to traditional materials. The only problem is the price, but when you consider the additional savings on surface maintenance and excellent design performance, the high cost is justified.

Porcelain tiles for facade this moment- the most durable solution for building cladding

White and black exterior, porcelain stoneware finish

Step-by-step instructions for installing façade porcelain stoneware slabs

Important. Installation of façade porcelain tiles is a very responsible job. If you don't have any experience, don't take it. Poor quality execution will result in the loss of significant financial resources. In addition, a slab falling from a height can cause serious injury. Unconditionally follow all manufacturers' recommendations, use only those fasteners that are designed for a specific weight.

Wall cladding with slabs (ventilated facade system) consists of several structural elements:

• carrier system. It includes mounting brackets, vertical and horizontal guides. They are made of thick galvanized steel; special holes are provided to adjust the spatial position. They must not only withstand the weight of porcelain stoneware slabs, but also the wind load;
• thermal insulation layer, if you plan to install one. All modern buildings must be thermally insulated, this is provided for by current regulations. On old buildings the decision to additional insulation walls are accepted by each owner individually;
• facing finishing slabs. The dimensions and appearance of porcelain tiles are selected taking into account the planned design of the facade walls.

To carry out the work you will need an electric drill with a hammer drill, a device for installing rivets (if load-bearing frame assembled with their help), wrenches, a plumb line and a long, precise level. If there laser level– great, marking will be done much faster and more accurately. If not, you will have to use a hydraulic level.

Fasteners for installing porcelain tiles

Before starting installation, remove near the wall, assemble scaffolding, and think about where to store materials. Be sure to work together, or better yet, three. The final number of people is determined taking into account the size and weight of the slabs. It is advisable to draw a wall on paper, indicate its dimensions and first think over a plan for placing the brackets, taking into account linear dimensions slabs and methods of their fastening. Determine the locations for fixing the brackets, calculate their number and linear meters of horizontal and vertical slats. Taking into account the weight, choose dowels or anchors; the heavier the slabs, the stronger the hardware should be.

Assembly diagram of substructure elements and porcelain stoneware slabs. Option 1

During preliminary planning, count the number of window openings and doors, determine the entry/exit points of utility lines. They must be accessible for prompt elimination of emergency situations.

Any installation of a ventilation facade must first be correctly calculated

Step 1. Marking the wall. You need to immediately mark the location of the brackets on the wall. Drawings for the placement of brackets are included in the documentation for ventilated facades. Using them, determine the extreme control points.

Important. The brackets must be at a distance of at least 10 cm from the corner of the building, window and door openings, otherwise there is a risk of compromising the strength of the frame.

Secure the two uppermost brackets, lower a long plumb line from them and mark the lowest points. Use a rope with blue to beat off the vertical lines.

Mounting bracket to the building wall

Step 2. Taking into account the dimensions of the porcelain tiles and the manufacturer's instructions, beat off the remaining vertical lines at the recommended distance. For most cases of finishing facades with porcelain stoneware slabs, the vertical distances between brackets are up to 1000 mm, horizontal distances are up to 800 mm. When calculating the quantity for the entire wall, round the resulting values ​​taking into account the dimensions façade wall.

Step 3. Use a laser or hydraulic level to make horizontal marks at the corners of the wall, and use a rope and blue to mark parallel lines. After marking, a grid with identical cell sizes should appear on the wall of the house. Check them in all respects, everything is fine - start drilling holes. Keep in mind that load-bearing brackets must also be installed around the perimeter of window and door openings.

Step 4. Use a hammer drill with a pobedit drill bit. The depth of the holes should be several centimeters greater than the length of the dowels or anchors. For porcelain stoneware slabs, it is recommended to use anchors; they can withstand significant forces. It is not safe to work with dowels.

Marking and drilling holes

Step 5. Immediately install the brackets within reach and carefully check the strength of the fixation. To prevent the appearance of cold bridges, gaskets can be installed between the wall and the brackets. Use only paronite ones, they have greater strength and do not deform under prolonged exposure to loads. Plastic ones can bend, which has an extremely negative effect on the strength of the entire structure. The design of the brackets has special holes for adjusting their exact position.

L-shaped bracket for installation of guides

Step 6. After all the brackets are secured, proceed to insulating the walls. Building codes and regulations allow the use of only non-combustible materials; only foam plastics that do not support open fire are allowed. But it is better not to use it either; during combustion it releases deadly toxic substances. To lose consciousness, you only need to inhale the smoke a few times. The optimal solution is pressed mineral wool.

Schematic diagram of insulation installation

Schematic diagram of installation of two-layer insulation

Practical advice. For insulation, take sheets at least 10 cm thick; thinner ones give little effect, and the labor costs are the same. But the final decision depends on the thermal conductivity of the wall.

Glass wool is secured with special dowels with large heads. Press the mats tightly against each other, install them in a checkerboard pattern, and do not allow any gaps to form. Any violations of technology lead to a significant decrease in heat saving efficiency. For one mat standard size there must be at least five fixation points. Remember that a gap of 2-3 cm between glass wool and the wall reduces the efficiency of heat saving by at least 60%. Air convection occurs in the gap due to the temperature difference, warm air goes outside, and the wall is cooled by the incoming cold.

Sequence of fixing plates

Fastening insulation with dowels

Important. Do not cut large holes in the locations of the supporting brackets or create additional areas of heat loss. Figure out where the bracket will come out and only here cut the mat lengthwise or crosswise. How exactly to cut depends on the characteristics of the bracket.

Mineral wool should be reliably protected from water. Cover it with a moisture-proof cloth; there is a huge selection of them on sale today. Polyethylene film do not use, moisture will accumulate under it, and condensation will appear in winter. Mineral wool is moistened, and as the relative humidity increases, the heat saving values ​​rapidly decrease.

Wind-hydroprotective membrane installation diagram

At this point, the first part of the installation of porcelain stoneware slabs is completed, you can proceed to the second stage.

Step 1. Begin installing vertical and horizontal profiles. This is a very important moment; if all the elements are not located strictly in one plane, then great difficulties will arise during the fixation of the slabs. How to install elements correctly?

1. Fix the two outer supporting profiles strictly level and adjust their position in relation to the wall. Check the spatial position again.
2. Stretch ropes between them and mount the rest along them vertical elements. We have already mentioned that fixation can be done with rivets or bolts. Never buy elements that are fastened with self-tapping screws; they are made of thin steel and are not designed for heavy loads.
3. After the vertical slats are installed, fix the horizontal slats to them. The more often you check their position, the less disappointment you expect during the installation of porcelain tiles.

Step 2. Install the slabs. They are fixed using metal clamps.

Porcelain tile fastening diagram

This is what the clamps for installing porcelain tiles look like

Attaching starting clamps

Secure the two lower clamps, place the plate on them and fix the two upper ones. One clamp has two ears; they must hold two adjacent slabs. Thanks to this technology, their position is automatically adjusted; the edges will lie strictly on the same line.

Installation of porcelain tiles

Installation of porcelain tiles

It is important to maintain the gaps between the plates

The distance between the side edges of the slabs is controlled visually, but some types of clamps have special stops. Working with them is faster and easier, and the appearance of the façade wall improves.

Porcelain tile fastening unit in the guide

Porcelain tile fastening unit on the inner corner of the facade

Feudal attachment point on the outer corner of the building

Step 3. If there are pipe outlets on the wall or electrical cables, then technological holes should be made in these places in the porcelain slabs.

With a correctly installed frame, work is completed quickly. remember, that Lost time for marking and installation of load-bearing elements is always returned during installation.

Before choosing a specific installation method for porcelain tiles, consider the following factors:

• house dimensions;
• climatic features – temperature factor, prevailing wind direction, average annual precipitation;
• designer look and personal budget options.

The load-bearing elements of the frame must be made of the same metal, otherwise currents will appear at the contact points, accelerating corrosion. Never skimp on the strength of the brackets, always buy the most reliable ones. Porcelain tiles have a lot of weight, you need to constantly remember this.

Work only in good weather; if there is a chance of rain, protect structures from water ingress. Manufacturers claim that structures can be installed at air temperatures down to -15°C, but we do not recommend listening to them. Not because the structures won’t hold up, but because working in such conditions is very difficult. As a result, there may be a violation of technology, errors during marking or fixing frame elements. In addition, snow that falls on mineral wool will definitely melt someday. And increasing the humidity of the insulation by just 5% increases thermal conductivity by 50%. Mineral wool gets wet quickly, but takes a long time to dry. Moreover, if it is protected by façade membranes.

For porcelain stoneware slabs, be sure to install vertical and horizontal load-bearing profiles. The combined frame evenly redistributes bending and torsion, compression and tension loads. The design becomes very reliable and durable. If the strength of fixation of vertical profiles is impaired, the load is taken by horizontal ones and vice versa. Flaw combined system– increase in cost. But you shouldn’t skimp on safety.

Window frame installation diagram

Assembly of the façade to the window opening, lower

Junction of the facade to the window opening, side

Assembly of the façade to the window opening, upper

Carefully make connections and frames; cover the side ends only with solid slabs. Special attention Pay attention to the plinth and places where it joins the roof. Eliminate the possibility of moisture ingress, but do not close the ventilation. Based on the results of the inspection of defective facades, it was found that 55% of problems were due to improper installation of porcelain tiles, 40% due to incorrect markings and 5% due to unprofessional selection of load-bearing elements.

Facade finishing - photo

This is what a ventilated porcelain stoneware façade looks like

Facade porcelain tiles: installation technology step by step

Find out what façade porcelain tiles are. Types and features, performance characteristics. Step-by-step instruction installation Photo + video.

Stage No. 1 - Preparatory

To construct a ventilated façade, it is necessary to perform a series of preparatory work. Moreover, all work should be carried out in a certain order, which is recorded in the relevant requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological service for the organization of any construction production.

Read also the article about and find answers to your questions.

The preparatory stage should include the following steps:

• the border should be marked construction work at a distance of about three meters from the walls along the entire perimeter of the building;
• All materials necessary for construction and finishing work should be placed on this site;
• here you should also equip a place for work related to assembly and installation frame structure;
• in unfavorable weather conditions, any construction and finishing work should be completely excluded.

Read also about in addition to this material.

This range of preparatory measures is more relevant for cladding multi-storey buildings. However, it is necessary to adhere to them when arranging the facade of a one-story private house - this approach will serve as a guarantee of safety for you and your household from any force majeure situations and surprises.

Stage No. 2 - Marking walls for installation of fasteners

Before you begin constructing a frame structure, you should make precise markings on the walls of the house in those places where the support and load-bearing mounting brackets will be installed, onto which the ventilated system itself will be fixed. In this case, you must adhere to the developed design and technical documentation.

Marking should be done in several stages:

1. First, you should mark beacon lines: a horizontal line along the bottom edge of the facade and 2 vertical lines along the edges of the wall.
2. Using paint along the drawn lines, draw all the points in those places where it is planned to install supporting and load-bearing fasteners-brackets on the last vertical lines.

Stage No. 3 - Fixing fasteners-brackets on the walls of the house

The brackets should be fixed according to the instructions for installing the ventilated façade. First you need to drill holes in the wall - this should be done using a hammer drill. Then paronite gaskets should be installed in the resulting holes. Installation of load-bearing type brackets is carried out using a screwdriver and dowel anchors.

Stage No. 4. - Laying heat-insulating material and organizing protection from wind and moisture

At this stage, the following manipulations should be performed:

• the insulation is “hung” directly on the wall of the building through the slots for the supporting brackets;
• A moisture-proof membrane film should be hung over the insulation layer and temporarily fixed. Adjacent strips of moisture-proof film should be overlapped and secured, with the edge of one strip overlapping the other by at least 10 cm.
• through the film and insulation, drill holes in the wall of the building to install dowel plates;
• install the heat-insulating material - this work should start from the lowest row (starting profile or building base) and move upward;
• heat-insulating boards should be laid end-to-end, without leaving through gaps or cracks;
• if the need arises, you can trim the heat-insulating boards using a hand saw with a fine tooth;

If according to the project, it is required install thermal insulation material in two layers, then you need to do it as follows:

• the bottom layer of insulation is attached to the wall using dowel plates; in this case, each layer of insulation must be secured with at least two dowels;
• The top layer of insulation should be mounted in a checkerboard pattern and also secured using dowel plates.

Stage No. 5 - Installation of guides

At this stage, installation should be carried out vertical profiles to load-bearing brackets. For this purpose you need:

• install and fix metal profiles in the corresponding grooves of the supporting fasteners-brackets;
• Using rivets, secure the metal guides to the supporting fasteners-brackets.

In those support brackets that can be adjusted, the profile is installed freely, without tightening. This ensures that the profile does not deform during sudden temperature changes.

In those places where adjacent vertical guides join, a small gap should be made (7-10 mm). This is done for the same purpose - to avoid deformation of the guides as a result of seasonal fluctuations in temperature.

In addition, at this stage it is advisable to fix the cutoffs, serving to prevent fire (you should learn more about their installation from professionals).

Stage 6 - Finishing of the ventilated facade with porcelain tiles

The ventilated façade should be finished with porcelain tiles in strict accordance with the project documentation. This needs to be done in several stages:

• With help electric drill drill holes in metal profile(holes are marked in accordance with the project documentation);
• Insert clamps into the drilled holes and securely fix them with self-tapping screws to the frame profile.

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Video story telling in detail about the installation of porcelain tiles on a curtain wall

Installation of porcelain tiles can be done in two ways - with a seam visible to the eye and without it ( We recommend reading the article about

"Ural Granite" is a manufacturer of high-quality facade tiles made of porcelain stoneware. Ural-made tiles are used for installing ventilated facades. Thanks to this method of cladding buildings, air circulates freely between the wall and porcelain stoneware. This prevents condensation from forming on the walls and at the same time protects the structure from rain, snow and fog.

We produce porcelain tiles of various shades and textures. This allows you to choose the tile that will fit perfectly into the exterior of any building.

The tiles are available in different sizes: 600x300, 600x600, 1200x295 and 1200x600 mm.

If porcelain stoneware the right size was not in stock, contact your regional distributors and place an order for the production of slabs according to individual sizes.

Facade porcelain tiles are suitable for cladding shopping centers and financial institutions, public buildings and residential buildings.

Advantages of porcelain tiles for facades

The main advantage of porcelain stoneware for facades is safety. It does not emit radioactive or toxic substances and is fire resistant. Thanks to these properties, porcelain stoneware is suitable for cladding buildings intended for children - schools, kindergartens, clinics.

Facade porcelain tiles are a heavy-duty material. He is not afraid of mechanical influences, high humidity, as well as exposure to acids and alkalis. This makes it easier to care for. Dust from the facade is easily washed off with water; regular household detergents are suitable for removing stubborn dirt.

Porcelain tiles do not become covered with cobwebs, like ceramic tile, if it was +5 outside during the day and -10 at night. Resistance to temperature changes is a consequence of the low level of moisture absorption.

Buildings lined with porcelain stoneware look aesthetically pleasing. The facade with a polished, matte and corrugated surface looks equally advantageous. The Ural Granite assortment includes a large selection of textures (salt-pepper, marbled, plain) in different color solutions. Porcelain tiles retain their original appearance for a long time and do not fade in the sun. Even after fifteen years, the façade will look as if it had been covered recently.

Cladding the façade with porcelain tiles does not take much time if the base is properly prepared. Porcelain stoneware is attached to the facade of buildings on metal guides or placed on an adhesive solution.

Ventilated facade system

To improve façade ventilation, porcelain tiles are mounted on metal carcass anchors and brackets. There are two types of slab fastening - hidden and open. It is preferable to use an open one.

This will not spoil the appearance of the building in any way and will provide maximum reliability of fastening. Visible fastening elements can be painted over with enamel matched to the color of the material.

To maintain the strength of porcelain stoneware and insulate the building, it is recommended to lay a layer of insulation between the wall and the slab.

To make the exterior of the building look seamless, you can line the slopes of windows and doors with metal to match the color of the material or order the production of slabs for them according to individual sizes.

Advantages of facing porcelain tiles from the Ural Granite company

Porcelain tiles manufactured by the ZKS LLC plant comply with current sanitary norms and standards, are made from high-quality safe raw materials, and each batch undergoes quality control in special laboratories.

To find out the price of façade porcelain tiles, download the price list from our website or contact the distributor in your region. You can view the list of representatives of Ural granite in the “Where to buy” section.

To reliably protect a building from the effects of weather factors, a ventilated curtain façade made of porcelain stoneware is increasingly being used. With its help, the appearance of the building is improved, heat saving is increased, and good temperature regulation is ensured. The design is a complex system, the functionality and durability of which depends on precise adherence to the technology for installing a ventilation facade made of porcelain stoneware.

A curtain façade of this type https://zod07.ru/fasadnye-raboty/dekorativnaya-otdelka-fasada-doma consists of a frame and cladding, the role of which is performed by porcelain stoneware. In rare cases, tiles made of natural stone, metal or plastic are installed instead. The frame is made of a metal profile attached to the wall, onto which porcelain stoneware is hung. The structure is assembled using a guide profile, brackets, anchors, inserts and rivets, and when assembled it consists of the following elements:

• Metal profile frame.
• Thermal insulation material.
• Vapor barrier and ventilation gap.
• External cladding.

Before starting work, the vertical and horizontal deviations of the plane on which the work will be carried out are checked with a plumb line or theodolite. This will let you know where shortened or extended brackets will be needed. Marks are made on the location of the cladding on the wall, taking into account the thickness of the seams, which will allow you to approximately calculate the consumption of the tiles.

There is a zero mark for the building so that you can use it to guide you when checking the horizontal seam on the façade cladding. Are breaking vertical axes, equal to the size of the tile plus the thickness of the seam.

Subsystem

Installation of the structure begins with the installation of brackets. This is the most loaded part of the system, and the stability of the entire structure depends on the strength of its fit. It consists of a fixed part, attached to the wall through a gasket, and a movable part, where a vertical profile is mounted. The parts are bolted together through an oblong hole in the moving part, which serves to adjust the length.

The second type of bracket is a movable corner bracket; it is assembled in the same way as a simple one and is attached to the outer corners. The choice of the length of these parts depends on the unevenness of the wall and the thickness of the insulation layer. If the length of the bracket is more than 1100 mm, use a reinforcing washer installed under the anchor. A thermal break plate must be placed under the bracket itself.

The length of the bracket is calculated so that between the slab and the vapor barrier there is air gap 50 mm.

Almost always the walls of a building are uneven. But installation of panels requires a leveled plane, for this:

1. Two brackets are nailed upper corners buildings and plumb lines are thrown.
2. A cord is pulled between the brackets to check the curvature of the wall, and it is measured relative to this indicator.
3. The brackets are aligned with the plumb line vertically and along the length of the overhang while simultaneously fastening them to the wall. This creates an even vertical on one side of the wall. The same operation is repeated on the other side.
4. The remaining fasteners are mounted in the resulting plane. The first row is mounted 50-60 cm above ground level, so that a subbase is placed in this place, which is recessed to a depth of 2.5 cm.
5. The distance between the brackets in the horizontal and vertical directions is specified by the design and depends on the type of system.
6. For the lower subbase, additional brackets are installed in a horizontal position.

Porcelain stoneware façade installation diagram

Thermal insulation installation technology

After attaching the brackets, begin installing the insulation. For this:

1. Under the brackets, holes are cut in the insulating material board through which the metal parts pass out. After placing the insulation, the cracks are sealed with pieces of material used for insulation.
2. Accommodation thermal insulation boards on the wall and fixing them with special fasteners with wide caps. The joint between the slabs must be filled.

If the insulation needs to be placed in two layers, it is unacceptable to combine the seams. At the corners, the slabs overlap, completely covering the corner.

After installing the insulation, the facade is protected from the penetration of moisture and wind by a breathable vapor barrier film, which does not let moisture in, but allows it to evaporate from the insulation. From above and from the side it is folded between the insulation and the wall. It is fixed using insulation fasteners with a consumption rate of 5 pcs/m². At the junction, the lower layer overlaps 10 cm under the upper layer to prevent draining condensate from getting inside. All overlaps are pierced with insulation fasteners.

Installation of vertical profile

Parts of the vertical profile are divided into 3 types:

• T-shaped, for slab joints;
• L-shaped, for the middle of the slab;
• Corner profile, placed on the openings of windows and doors, and corners of the building.

Before starting installation, pay attention to the joint of the vertical profile. It should not be allowed to be docked on the bracket. This is done between the brackets using a mounting rail. The connection must be secured with all rivets.

Fastening porcelain stoneware

Fastening ceramic slabs produced on clasps, which come in four types:

• Single clamp side;
• Double-clamp side;
• Double-clamp upper and lower;
• Four-clamp.

A sealing gasket is inserted between the tile and the clamp. If you install it without it, there will be no rigidity of fastening. The procedure for fixing tiles is as follows:

1. According to the previously applied mark relative to the “zero”, the first clamp is set and connected through a drilled hole with a rivet.
2. A tile is placed on it, and the next one is attached to it. All other tiles are installed using this principle.
3. Installation of slopes and ebbs that go under the tiles. Fire cut-offs must be installed.

A ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware is a reliable, practical and durable type of exterior covering. At the same time, its installation is complicated, which will not allow a person without experience to carry out all the operations without qualified outside help. High-quality work is impossible without a step-by-step implementation of the entire installation process in full accordance with the design documents by experienced specialists.