With the onset of the heating season, the question of the temperature climate in the living room becomes especially relevant. It often happens that the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to the norms and the real temperature are very different from each other, which is a violation on the part of utilities. And what is the general temperature of the walls in the apartment and how to measure the temperature of the walls in the apartment?

Indoor wall temperature

The permissible wall temperature in an apartment in winter is regulated by law. Standards are highlighted in accordance with GOST, SNiP (building codes and regulations) and sanitary standards.

The temperature of the walls in the apartment should be such that it is comfortable to be in the room. The main heating of an apartment in the cold season should be carried out mainly by central heating, which is provided by the city's utilities.

What is the temperature of the walls in the apartment?

According to legislative documents on heat supply of residential premises, the average temperature in apartments in cold and warm seasons should be approximately 20-23 degrees. This temperature is considered comfortable for life.

Indeed, if such a microclimate is maintained in a residential area, a child and an adult can live in it. But the real indicators of the temperature of the walls and air in apartments do not always correspond to the established standards. This happens especially often during the heating season. The apartments of the tenants are not warming up well enough, although they charge a lot of money for heating.

For the most part, utility specialists do not rely on the temperature of the walls, but on the general temperature of the air in the room. Batteries may not warm up the walls enough, but they heat the air well (provided there is a normal flow of hot water and no airiness). It is also taken into account that the walls on the outside are actively cooled, so the temperature of the walls in the room may differ from the air temperature.

How is the temperature of the walls in the apartment measured? Measurements are made at special points. The temperature indicator is not measured in the immediate vicinity of walls or windows. In most cases, a point is chosen that is 1.5 meters above the floor and 1 meter from the outer wall. It is noteworthy that if the air temperature does not correspond to the established norm, the payment for heat supply is reduced by 0.15% for each hour of non-compliance with the norms established by the state.

Wall temperature in the apartment according to SNiP standards

The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to the norms of SNiP practically does not differ from the established norms. According to building codes and regulations numbered 2.04.05-91, the temperature in the living space should not fall below 20 degrees.

It is worth considering that the permissible wall temperature in an apartment according to SNiP standards is highly dependent on the temperature of the external environment and the so-called dew point.

The norm of the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to SanPin

The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to sanitary standards in the living area is 24 degrees Celsius. It should be noted that only the upper temperature limit is indicated in the sanitary standards. As for the living rooms (regardless of their type), the temperature is the same.

In general, the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to sanitary standards practically does not differ in any way from the standards that are indicated in the building rules and the interstate standard. In any case, the indicator of air and wall temperature in apartments is identical in all legislative documents.

In more detail, the upper and lower limits of temperature standards are spelled out in GOSTs. There is less information in the SanPin and SNiP documents.

The temperature of the walls in the apartment in winter

The temperature of the walls in the apartment GOST (30494-2011) depends on the type of room and the season. For cold seasons (from the moment the heating is switched on), the norms are as follows:

• Living quarters
  20-22 degrees
• Residential premises in the northern region
  21-23 degrees
• Kitchen
  19-21 degrees
• Toilet
  19-21 degrees
• Combined bathroom and bathroom
  24-26 degrees
• Corridor between apartments
  19-20 degrees
• Children's room
  23-24 degrees

It turns out that the average temperature of the walls in an apartment in the winter season should be 20-22 degrees. The value of the temperature indicator almost completely coincides with the norms specified in SNiP and SanPin.

In addition to the temperature of the walls in the apartment, according to GOSTs, you need to rely on common sense. The norms for the temperature of the walls in the room are drawn up depending on the purpose of the room. For example, bedrooms should be moderately cool and should be ventilated regularly, because in a room with a high temperature of the walls and, accordingly, the air, it is much worse to sleep.

The optimal temperature indicator in the nursery also depends on the age of the baby. For babies, the norm indicated in the GOST should be maintained - 24 degrees. As the child grows up, the temperature should gradually drop to the lower limit of the norm and then gradually withdraw to the normal for a normal living room.

In the bathroom, the indicator of the temperature of the walls and air largely depends on the frequency of using the room. In such a room, the humidity is constantly high, so it may seem that it is damp and cold there, although this is not the case. With the kitchen, the situation is approximately the same. The temperature should be varied depending on the amount of equipment used and the frequency of cooking. The more often they cook in the kitchen, the lower the temperature should be maintained there (from the oven, stove and other equipment, the air and walls will still heat up). If the kitchen is not actively used, it is better to keep the temperature there closer to the upper limit of the norm.

Normally, the wall temperature in a corner apartment should be 2 degrees higher than that specified in GOST 51617-2000. Some utilities are guided by the indicators specified in GOST 30494-96, but it is less informative and does not mention the temperature of the walls in a corner apartment.

In living rooms during cold seasons, the temperature should not fall below 22 degrees, in non-residential rooms - below 21 degrees. For the northern regions, the minimum temperature is correspondingly higher. For residential premises, its indicator should not be less than 23 degrees.

Freezing of walls in an apartment - permissible temperature

The temperature limit at which the walls of a building begin to freeze directly depends on the thickness of the walls, the state of ventilation, windows and structural features in general. And the location of the housing also has an impact. Freezing of a wall in an apartment, the permissible temperature for each room is specified in SNiP 23-02-2033 "Thermal protection of buildings".

The calculation of the permissible temperature before the walls freeze in an apartment is rather complicated. On average, the temperature limit is 20 degrees Celsius.

Measuring the temperature of the walls in the apartment

At home and without a professional device, it is almost impossible to measure the temperature of the walls in an apartment. An infrared thermometer is used to take measurements. How to measure the temperature of walls in an apartment using this device? It's simple: the infrared beam emitted by the thermometer is directed to the desired wall. The indicator will be displayed on the dial of the device. This will be the temperature of the wall in the apartment.

After you have measured the temperature of the walls in the apartment, you need to compare the results with the norms. However, it should be taken into account that the results may not be completely reliable.

Ideally, you should order the measurement of the temperature of the walls in the apartment from specialists who have official permits and approvals for this. In addition, they have more accurate equipment, which will affect the measurement results. Professionals also help to draw up the necessary documents confirming the temperature of the walls, with which you can then go to court. On average, the cost of such a procedure in Moscow, St. Petersburg and the regions of the Russian Federation is 1,000 rubles.

How to file a complaint about the low temperature of the walls in the apartment?

If, after measuring the temperature of the walls in the apartment, it turned out that it does not meet the standards established by the state, you can safely file a complaint. To do this, you need to contact the repair and maintenance department or the organization that serves the residential building and inform them about the violation of the temperature regime. Please note: at the time of communication, an employee of the structure must provide his position and surname.

After submitting the application, a commission will be drawn up, which will include a representative of the heating network and an employee of the repair and maintenance department. During a visit to a dwelling, specialists will have to independently measure the temperature and draw up an act. This act will be documentary evidence that the heating service is provided to the tenant of the apartment in an inappropriate manner.

After that, employees of the heating network and the maintenance and repair department will find out for what reasons the temperature drops below the established norm. Then, depending on the results, repairs will be carried out aimed at eliminating the insufficient heat supply. After all the necessary work has been completed, the employees of the relevant authorities will conduct a secondary inspection of the premises and hand over the second act to the tenant. The document will confirm that the temperature of the walls and air in the room meets the standards and this is confirmed by repeated instrumental measurements.

If employees of utilities refuse to somehow contribute to the normalization of the temperature in the room, you can contact the social protection of consumer rights or the prosecutor's office. In such cases, more thorough investigations are carried out and utilities are punished. There are more wires, but a successful result is almost 100% guaranteed.

Conclusion

The temperature of the walls in the apartment depends on the specific region of the apartment (regular or corner) and the time of year. In the warm season, the temperature should be 22-25 degrees. For cold seasons, the normal temperature is 19 to 24 degrees. The specific indicator of the norm depends on the room. The warmest of all should be in children's and living rooms.

If a person has doubts that the temperature of the walls in the apartment does not meet the established standards, you can take an independent measurement of the temperature indicator using an infrared thermometer or order a temperature measurement from specialists. If the fears are confirmed and the temperature in the dwelling is inappropriate, you should contact the appropriate municipal authority and demand the elimination of the lack of heat supply.

Utility bills are growing every year, especially in times of economic crisis. Unfortunately, nothing of the kind can be said about their quality. When citizens give a significant part of their hard-earned money to ensure comfortable living conditions, utilities tend to show bad faith on all fronts of their work.

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If in the course of self-measurement you found that the temperature rate is lowered, you should inform the Emergency Dispatcher Service about this. If the disruption of heat supply is not caused by natural factors (for example, an accident on the heating main), the dispatcher calls the emergency brigade to the house, which constitutes the official measurement report.

The measurement must be carried out by a registered device with all the necessary technical documents. The act specifies the following information:

• date of its compilation,
• apartment characteristics,
• composition of the commission,
• device data,
• temperature values,
• signatures of all members of the commission.

The act is drawn up in two copies, one of which remains with the owner of the apartment, and the other - with the housing and communal services employees who are measuring.

Air exchange rate

Air temperature is not the only parameter that directly affects the comfort and safety of people living in the house. Air exchange is important for the body: the presence of fresh air, ventilation of residential and non-residential premises.

This parameter is also regulated by the regulations of the SanPiN. So, the required rate of air exchange rate for a living space with an area of ​​18 m² is 3 m³ / h per square meter, for a kitchen - three times more.

The air exchange rate is a characteristic determined by the ratio of air removed or supplied from a room per hour to the volume of this room.

How to measure the coolant?

The heating medium in the central heating system is hot water flowing from the tap.

You can measure its temperature in various ways, but the simplest is thermometer measurement of tap water temperature poured into a glass.

It is also possible to measure the temperature of the pipes. The value of this parameter should be equal to 50-70 ° С.

Responsibility of utilities for violation of the temperature standard

If the temperature in the room is below normal in winter, what should I do?

By law, citizens have the right to demand reduction of heat bills by 0.15% for each hour of non-compliance by utilities with your temperature standard. Having carried out simple calculations, it can be established that for 4 weeks of providing the service of low-quality heating of the house, the payment for it is reduced by more than 90%. Of course, utilities will not voluntarily agree to such a recalculation, and therefore we must go to court.

The application for the recalculation of heating charges to the Management Company can be downloaded.

History knows examples when citizens managed to defend their rights. So, in 2014, a resident of the Perm Territory collected 136 thousand rubles from utilities for non-compliance by utilities with their obligations to provide her home with heat.

Temperature norms in the apartment. Watching the video:

For many Russians, paying utility bills is associated with constant stress, especially in winter. Indeed, often residents of houses, in most cases of old buildings, complain about the cold in the apartment, but at the same time they have to pay for the missing heat in full.

Insufficient heating of the premises is caused by the fact that the coolant for some reason does not warm up as needed. To control this issue, a temperature standard was introduced in the apartment during the heating season. She helps to prove with the help of state regulatory documents that these are not tenants who are too heat-loving, and the utilities are not able to fix problems in time.

Factors affecting temperature

The final temperature in an apartment can depend on many factors. The following can be distinguished as the main and most significant:

• The climate in the region;
• Season;
• Human factor: the number of residents, their age and subjective preferences;
• The location of the apartment, its technical features and the state of the heat carriers.

Since each parameter affects the final result in its own way, we will study them in more detail.

Climatic conditions

Depending on the region in which the consumer's dwelling is located, the temperature level inside is also set. So, in remote regions in the north it is rather cold, and in the southern latitudes, the home temperature will be significantly higher. In addition, it is important to take into account the humidity of the outside air, atmospheric pressure and the amount of precipitation outside the window.

Season

The season has the most direct effect on the climate in the apartment: in summer the temperature will be high, and in winter it will drop significantly. In the spring, utilities stop the heating season, which also affects the thermometer readings. If the fall is cold, it can be almost as cold in the apartment as it is in winter.

According to GOST R 51617-2000 “Housing and communal services. General technical conditions "the temperature in the apartment must be within 18-25 degrees Celsius

In most Russian regions, the optimum living room temperature is in the following range:

• from 19 to 23 o - in the winter months;
• from 24 to 27 o - in the summer months.

Despite the fact that the difference of 3-4 degrees seems insignificant at first glance, in reality these changes are very noticeable. In winter, due to the lack of ventilation, the air becomes drier, and the temperature seems colder than it actually is.

Housing features

A few more components of a comfortable atmosphere in a house are the area of ​​the premises, the height of the ceilings, the location of the dwelling, and even the presence of furniture. An apartment with high ceilings will heat up worse due to the large area. And in the corner apartment it will be a little colder than in the central one - the latter is protected from the wind by neighboring apartments.

The technical characteristics of the housing also affect. Among them:

1. Battery size. The larger the radiator, the higher the room temperature will be. However, experts do not recommend residents to independently change the number of battery sections. Due to such manipulations, the pressure in the heating system may drop, and the radiators will not completely warm up.
2. Energy saving double-glazed windows. The room where such a glass unit is installed is much warmer than in the rest. This design reliably protects from cold and wind, but at the same time easily lets the sun's rays inside.
3. Wall insulation. Walls lined inside or outside with thermal insulation material will help reduce heat loss in the room.
4. Additional elements. If you install a heat-reflecting screen next to the battery, the generated heat will be directed into the apartment better, warming up the room. Carpet on the walls or insulated linoleum on the floor will also help maintain a comfortable temperature.

Human factor

Temperature has different effects on people of different sexes and ages. For example, men will feel comfortable in colder temperatures than women.

Pets feel warm and in case of cold weather they look for the warmest place

In an apartment where children live, it is very important to regularly check the rate, because the body of babies is not yet able to independently increase or decrease heat transfer. Children tend to freeze or overheat faster than adults, so the average temperature in the children's room should be kept at around +22 degrees. The same goes for the elderly: they are very sensitive to temperature extremes.

Temperature standards in the apartment

The standards for the temperature in residential premises during the heating season are legalized, and administrative or criminal penalties may follow for their violation. They are determined by sanitary and building codes and regulations, and are absolute law for utilities.

At what temperature the heating is turned on

The nuances of the beginning of the heating season are stipulated by the Decree of the Russian Government No. 354 of May 6, 2011. According to him, the batteries in apartments are turned on when the average daily temperature drops below +8 C o. Moreover, this indicator should not change within 5 days.

According to the rules, the heating season begins with an average daily temperature below 8 ° С for 5 consecutive days

For example, if for two days in a row the temperature was kept at around +6, and then rose to +9, and in the next two days dropped to +7 again, then the heating will not be turned on. The batteries are disconnected in the same way: on the street for 5 days in a row, the temperature must be above +8 C o.

It is important! As a rule, the heating season in most Russian regions starts in mid-October and ends in April.

Temperature standards

To make it pleasant for residents to be in their apartment, each room and room should have their own temperature indicators. According to GOST and SNiP, the most comfortable temperature for a person ranges from 19 to 25 degrees.

The standards for residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building can be found in the table below.

Season	Premises	Air temperature, C o
		minimal	optimal
Winter / cold spring		from 18	20-22
	Bedroom	from 16	18-20
	Living room in regions where the temperature remains below -31C o for 5 days	from 20	21-23
	Children's room	from 21	22-24
	Kitchen, toilet	from 18	19-22
	Bathroom / WC	from 18	24-26
	Staircase	from 14	16-18
	Pantry	from 12	16-18
Summer	Living room or any living room	from 20	20-25

According to SanPin standards, the minimum run-off between temperatures in different rooms should not be more than 3 degrees.

It is important! At night, the air temperature outside the windows drops sharply, regardless of the season, so small temperature fluctuations are permissible at night.

The minimum temperature in a corner apartment is 20 ° С

Medical component

We found that the optimum temperature for a living room is 22 ° C. However, medical standards introduce another very important indicator - air humidity. If it does not exceed 40%, and the temperature standards are also observed, then the person in the room will be comfortable. Otherwise, health problems may begin:

• Irritation of the nasal mucosa;
• Production of mucus in the nasopharynx;
• Decreased immunity to acute respiratory viral infections;
• Violation of the psycho-emotional state.

Higher humidity is only acceptable in the bathroom. The bathroom must be protected from mold and excessive moisture, therefore higher temperatures are permissible here. It neutralizes the harmful effects of water vapor, therefore, a threat to health is excluded.

The cool temperature in the bedroom promotes rapid relaxation and deep sleep, helping the body to fully rest overnight. It should not be too hot in the kitchen, because the stove and other heating elements will cause the temperature to rise anyway.

The increased temperature in the nursery creates an optimal level for the regulation of heat exchange in small residents. So, in the apartment where the child is at the moment, the temperature should be increased by at least 1 degree. During bathing, the temperature in the bathroom should be 28 C o.

How to correctly measure the temperature in an apartment

In order to track the deviation from the norms, it is recommended to regularly measure the temperature in the living rooms. Moreover, it is important to do it correctly, taking into account all the technical requirements. They look like this:

• The measurement is made at a level of 1 m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the floor covering;
• The presence of factors that can affect the temperature is not allowed in the room: cracks, heaters, open windows / doors, direct sunlight;
• The readings are recorded hourly during the day, after which the average is calculated;
• The weather on the day of the check must be neutral, extreme heat or abnormal cold is not allowed.

When measuring, a deviation is considered a temperature below the standard. In cases where an independent measurement showed a deviation from the norm, it is necessary to contact the dispatch service. After a call, an emergency team is sent to the resident's address, which draws up an official inspection report. The document contains the following data:

• Technical description of the apartment, including its location (corner, central), area and other data;
• List of persons who measured the temperature;
• Description of the instrument used for the measurements;
• Fixed temperature readings;
• Signatures of all participants.

The act is filled out in two copies: one of them remains in the hands of the apartment owners.

It is important! If the measurements showed that the temperature of the water in the radiator during the day was lower by 3 C o, and at night by 5 C o, the management company must recalculate the cost of utilities. The amount by which the cost of housing and communal services will be reduced depends on the area of ​​the premises. The more spacious the apartment, the less you will have to pay.

Air exchange rate in residential premises

In addition to temperature and humidity, another important factor affects the comfortable state of a person in an apartment - air exchange. This is a process during which the already exhausted air in the room is replaced by fresh air in part or completely. To start air exchange, ventilation is regularly carried out.

This indicator indicates how many times per hour the air in the room is completely replaced with clean air. This value depends on the characteristics of the room and its area. So, if in an hour a volume of air equal to the volume of the room was replaced in the room, this is called a single air exchange. And if the volume of air has been renewed, similar to only half of the volume of the room, this is considered a 0.5-fold air exchange.

Air exchange rate

This parameter, like the others, is controlled by the SanPiN norms. According to the document, the standards for the types of premises are distributed as follows:

• Living quarters up to 25 m 2 - air exchange at least 3 m 3 / h per m 2;
• Kitchen with a gas stove - 9 m 3 / h per m 2, with an electric stove - 9 m 3 / h per m 2;
• The rest of the premises up to 20 m 2 - 1 m 3 / h per m 2.

As a rule, residents of apartment buildings do not undertake to independently measure the air exchange rate, since this is a complex procedure that requires additional equipment. Most often, measurements are carried out by professional bureaus and laboratories.

However, if there is no trust in experts or there is a great desire to fix the indicators on their own, then this can be done in two ways:

1. Purchase of the "Aerodver" device. The structure is installed in a door or window opening. The fan in its structure draws air into the room, then the multiplicity indicator is measured.
2. Thermoanemometer and balometer. The first device shows the speed with which the air moves in the room, and the second - its volume.

Determination of the temperature of the coolant in the batteries

The temperature in the room also largely depends on how hot the batteries are in the apartment. For the temperature of the coolant, there are also standards and ways to fix the indicators.

Infrared thermometer is designed for non-contact temperature measurement of various objects, including heating radiators

You can measure the temperature of the coolant in several ways:

1. An ordinary thermometer. Hot water that flows from the tap in the bathroom is the heat carrier from the radiator. Therefore, the easiest way is to put hot water into a glass and measure its temperature by lowering it with a regular thermometer.
2. Infrared / alcohol thermometer. In this way, the indicator is measured directly on the heating battery. If the procedure is performed with an alcohol thermometer, it is necessary to tie it tightly to the radiator and cover it with thermal insulation on top.
3. Electrothermometer. More complex, but most accurate measuring instrument. The thermocouples are attached to the battery, after which the "temperature measurement" function is activated and the measurement is carried out.

Each equipment has permissible deviations: for an alcohol thermometer, a deviation of 2 C o is considered normal, for an infrared thermometer - 0.5 C o.

Central heating

In some situations, after turning on the heating, nothing changes. The apartment is still as cold as before due to the fact that the radiators are not warmed up enough. There may be several reasons for this, and the most common is the ingress of a large volume of air into the system.

There is no minimum temperature limit for most heating systems in apartment buildings. The air temperature in the room serves as a guideline: if it meets the standards, then everything is in order with the degree of heating of the radiators.

Some heating systems can still be controlled. So, the norms existing in the regulatory acts can be applied to structures in which the pipe has a lower central connection to the radiator. These norms depend on the climatic conditions outside the apartment.

You need to focus on the following indicators:

• Outside temperature from +6 C o: water inlet - min. +55 C o, exit - no more than +40 C o;
• Temperature 0 ... +6 C o: at the inlet - +66 C o, return - up to +50 C o;
• The temperature outside the window is from -5 C o: the beginning is +77 C o, the end is not higher than 55 C o.

In addition, sanitary standards provide for permissible temperature indicators for two-pipe and one-pipe heating systems. The following maximum temperatures are allowed by the regulation:

• For a two-pipe system - 95 C o;
• For one-pipe - 105 C о.

It is important! If, with daytime measurements, the average is below the norm by 4 C o, and with night measurements - by 5 C o, you need to contact the utilities for recalculating the cost of services.

Hot water supply

In winter, the main indicator of a malfunction in the heating system is the temperature of the hot water from the tap. It should be in the range from +64 o to +76 o. To find out the water temperature, the following sequence of actions is performed:

1. A deep bowl is placed in the tub or sink.
2. You must immediately put an alcohol thermometer in the container, then it is filled with hot water.
3. The thermometer remains in the water for about 10 minutes, after which you can pour out the liquid and record the temperature.

If the result is 3 degrees less or more than the norm, then everything is in order with the temperature.

In the winter season, the hot water temperature should be in the range from +64 o to +76 o

And if the temperature during the heating season is below normal

If the central heating does not cope with the tasks, and it is not much warmer in the apartments than outside in the cool season, then the service is not of high quality. The procedure for resolving the situation is regulated by the Rules for the provision of utilities.

According to federal documents, both the owner of the apartment and the tenant can apply to the management company. The tariff will be recalculated by 0.15% for each hour when the specified standards are not met. The treatment algorithm will be as follows:

1. The person living in the apartment notifies the utility service by phone call or in writing about the violation of the temperature regime.
2. The dispatcher records the owner's appeal and informs the applicant his full name, the time of registration of the appeal and its number.
3. By agreement with the applicant, a check date is set. UK specialists come to the place and measure the temperature on their own.

It is important! If the applicant has not appointed a convenient date for the inspection, utilities are obliged to start measurements before the expiration of two hours from the date of registration of the application.

As a result, an act is filled in, where, if any, all violations found are indicated. It should also be recorded with which device the temperature was measured and at what time. All those present are required to sign the document. If the representatives of the Criminal Code refuse to confirm the low quality of the services provided, a second check begins under the supervision of representatives of the housing inspection.

Responsibility of utilities for violation of the temperature regime

If the utilities did not carry out the check within the agreed time frame, the apartment owner can independently draw up an inspection report with the participation of a representative of the HOA and two neighbors. Witnesses will have to monitor the correctness of the verification and the reliability of the data entered into the report.

After drawing up the act, the victim has the right to send a claim to the management company with the attachment of a document and demand a recalculation of the cost of the services provided.

It is important! On the basis of the claim, representatives of the managing organization must eliminate all violations found, after which it is imperative to make sure that the situation is improving. After the work carried out, the utilities again check the premises and draw up an act, where new data are recorded.

How to make a complaint

In the event that the utilities were unable to completely eliminate the problems or completely ignored the claim, the homeowner has the right to send a complaint to higher authorities. Such cases are considered by representatives of:

• Housing inspection;
• The prosecutor's office;
• Consumer Protection Societies.

It is necessary to send an act with recorded temperature indicators and a letter describing the problem to the address of the regulatory body.

To achieve a solution to the problem through the court, you need to prepare:

• Completed certificate of passed inspection;
• An application issued by the dispatching service;
• Copies of all statements;
• Confirmation of the operability of the device with which the temperature was measured (copies of compliance).

By a court decision, a representative of the management company is obliged to eliminate all violations within the time period specified in the court order.

Recalculation of heating bills

Recalculation is regulated by the appendix to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307 of May 23, 2006. Representatives of the management company have the right to reduce the amount on the invoice if:

• During the day, in the rooms in the apartment, the temperature remains below 17 C o, in the corner room - up to 21 C o;
• In one calendar month, the total duration of the heating shutdown reached 24 hours;
• At an outdoor temperature of less than -30 C, the heating standards did not reach +20 C o for a normal living room and +22 C o for a corner room.
• There were one-time shutdowns of the radiators for at least 15 hours at an outdoor air temperature below 11 C о.

If the temperature in the apartment is below 14 C o for several days, citizens have the right not to pay for the service at all. In addition, an application for recalculation is submitted in the event of a breakdown of the heating battery.

According to the law, citizens have the right to demand a recalculation of payments for heat by 0.15% for each hour of non-compliance with the temperature standard.

At the same time, they may refuse to reduce the cost of the services provided if:

• Heat loss occurs in the room through cracks or open vents;
• Walls, windows or doors are not insulated;
• An increased air content was recorded in the risers.

During the year, a one-time recalculation of the cost of utilities is possible. Experts warn that recalculation is a lengthy procedure that requires the collection of a large number of documents. Therefore, before starting to engage in the registration process, you must carefully prepare.

A public utility is an organization that has a responsibility to monitor the level of customer service and respond to the slightest temperature mismatch. A home owner who knows exactly what the temperature in each room should be will be able to quickly respond to problems and regain their rights to receive quality services.

In order for a person to feel comfortable in a room - a house, apartment or office - it is necessary to maintain the optimum air temperature.

In the warm season, this problem, as a rule, does not arise. In extreme heat, you can turn on the air conditioner or fan. In cold months, the situation is more complicated: to heat the room, a heating system is required - autonomous or centralized.

Scientists have long identified at what temperature a person feels most comfortable and can lead normal life.

On average, the room temperature should be 21-25 degrees.

The optimal temperature regime for each specific person depends on several indicators:

• Individual characteristics of the organism
• Age
• Lifestyle

Based on the studies carried out, the standards for temperature indicators for living and working premises were adopted.

What factors affect the temperature in the apartment

The temperature in the apartment depends on many factors, among which the following can be distinguished:

• Climatic conditions of the region of residence
• Seasons
• Technical features of housing
• Number, age and subjective preferences of residents

Climatic conditions

A comfortable temperature regime in a dwelling may have different meanings depending on the region of residence. In addition, the level of humidity outside, the amount of precipitation and atmospheric pressure has a great influence.

Seasons

With the alternation of the seasons, the indoor climate in the living quarters may differ. So, in winter, the temperature drops significantly, and in summer it rises.

In addition, the heating season ends in spring, which leads to a drop in the average daily indoor temperature.

For many countries, the optimal temperature level in an apartment in the winter months is from 18 to 22 degrees, and in the summer it can reach 26 above 0.

It seems that a difference of a few degrees between the values ​​is imperceptible, but in fact it can have a significant impact on the well-being of residents.

Technical features of housing

The comfortable temperature is also influenced by the technical features of the dwelling - the dimensions of the premises, the height of the ceilings, the insulation of surfaces, the presence of furniture, the location of the apartment (corner, central, number of storeys).

Human factor

To maintain a comfortable temperature, it is also important to take into account the human factor. The concept of comfort is individual for each person. Women prefer warmer temperatures than men. Small children are not able to independently regulate the heat exchange of their own bodies, therefore they are often prone to overheating or cooling. They need optimal indoor conditions. Elderly people are no less sensitive to temperature changes.

Official heating season

With the onset of autumn and a drop in temperature, it becomes colder in apartments, so residents are eagerly awaiting the start of the heating season. However, not everyone knows the official deadlines for the start and end of the heat supply to the apartment according to the law. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of May 6, 2011 clearly regulates the factors influencing the beginning and termination of heat supply to residential buildings. The document prescribes the temperature indicators of the air outside, at which the supply of hot water to the batteries begins in the autumn and stops in the spring.

It is worth knowing at what temperature the heating in apartments is legally turned on. The main condition for the beginning of the heating season is to reduce the average daily air temperature to +8 ° C and maintain this indicator for five consecutive days.

They turn off the supply of heat to heating systems as soon as the outside air temperature rises to +8 ° C and remains at this level for a similar period of time.

These terms are provided for the centralized heating system. The tenants themselves determine when they should provide heat to apartments with an autonomous circuit.

As practice shows, the heating season usually begins in mid-October and lasts until early April.

Temperature standards in various rooms

According to SNiP for apartment buildings, the following temperature standards are established in residential and other premises:

• Comfortable temperature of stay - from 19 to 25 degrees
• In the cold season - from 19 to 22 degrees
• In the hot period - from 21 to 26 degrees

The temperature standard in the apartment during the heating season is:

• Living room (bedroom, living room) - from 16 to 18 degrees. For quick relaxation and good rest of the body
• Children's room - from 22 to 24 degrees. Provides comfortable warmth needed for proper regulation of heat transfer in children
• Kitchen - from 17 to 19 degrees. Enough heat produced by electrical appliances
• Bathroom and sanitary facilities - from 23 to 25 degrees. To reduce high humidity and prevent dampness
• Other functional areas (corridor, storage room, hall) - from 17 to 22 degrees

Important! According to SanPin, the minimum temperature difference between different rooms should not exceed 3 degrees.

For common premises use the following temperature norm is provided:

• Entrances - up to 17 degrees
• Elevator cabins - up to 5 degrees
• Inter-apartment corridors - from 16 to 20 degrees
• Basements and attics - up to 4 degrees
• Lobbies, stairwells - from 13 to 18 degrees

Norms in the winter indoors in accordance with GOST

The temperature in the apartment must comply with the standards given in the table. This is especially important when creating a room for a newborn baby in the house.

Ordinary living rooms are heated at an average level, according to GOST, but in the corner the temperature should always be 2 - 4 degrees higher due to the peculiarities of its location and cold air blowing.

Room type	air temperature in degrees Minimum	air temperature in degrees Permissible	Relative humidity in% Minimum	Relative humidity in% Allowable
Residential room	20 – 22	18 – 24	30 – 45	60
Living quarters in areas where temperature air reaches - 31 degree and below	21 – 23	20 – 24	30 – 45	60
Toilet	19 – 21	18 – 26	Not installed	Not installed
Kitchen	19 – 21	18 – 26	Not installed	Not installed
Bathroom, combined toilet	24 – 26	18 – 26	Not installed	Not installed
The corridor between apartments	18 – 20	16 – 22	30 – 45	60
Staircase	16 – 18	14 – 20	Not installed	Not installed
Storage rooms	16 – 18	12 – 22	Not installed	Not installed

In the spring and summer seasons, the heating is turned off after the temperature in the region reaches +8 degrees and lasts for several days.

Correct measurements of indoor temperature

In order to comply with the heating standard in a residential building, it is recommended to carry out mandatory temperature measurements. To obtain reliable results, the measurement is performed with a special device, taking into account the following technical requirements:

• Readings are taken every hour for one calendar day
• The device must be located at certain points - 100 cm from the outer wall, 150 cm - from the floor surface
• The room in which the measurements are taken should not have sources of heat loss - cracks, open windows and doors
• Measurements are carried out under neutral weather conditions

If, as a result of independent measurements, a decrease in the comfortable temperature in the apartment was found, this is reported to the emergency service.

In this case, the duty officer sends a team to the tenant to draw up an official measurement report.

The act contains the following data:

• Date of preparation of the document
• Technical information of housing
• Checking composition
• Meter data
• Temperature values
• Participants' signatures

The document is drawn up in two copies: one - for the owner of the living space, the second - for the employees of the utilities.

Measurement features

After a citizen notices that the heating in the room is insufficient, he begins to demand from the utilities to reduce the payment for housing and communal services.

Before doing this, it is necessary to conduct an independent check for possible hypothermia of the apartment for other reasons.

After the employees of the Criminal Code arrive at the house, they will start checking the battery, the premises, measure how many degrees of heat are retained in the room, but if they notice a draft, they can not hope for recalculation.

In order to eliminate such a situation, before calling the masters at home, you need to do the following:

Check how tightly the windows and doors in the room are closed. Representatives of the Criminal Code will without fail check possible sources of leakage of incoming heat

It is permissible to use an ordinary room thermometer. It should be positioned correctly - the device should hang at a distance of at least 1 meter from the outer wall, and at a height of at least 1.5 meters

If a citizen suspects that the heating in the apartment is not sufficient, measurements should be taken every hour, during the day. If, as a result of the check, it is found that the temperature in the room does not correspond to the GOST standard, there are deviations of more than 3 degrees during the daytime and 5 degrees at night, an act of measurements is drawn up. It will be the basis for recalculating payments for utilities

Measurements are not taken when the weather is clear outside the window and the temperature is above 5 degrees. This is due to the fact that the temperature in the room increases when heated by the sun's rays. Therefore, you should call the master on a cold day.

After the measurements have been made, you can submit an application to the house management, after which a master with a high-precision measuring device will be sent.

An application requesting to measure the air temperature in a residential area can be downloaded here.

The text of the application must consist of the following points:

• The name of the management company AND the full name of the director of the organization
• The word "Application" in capital letters
• Below is a request "To measure the air temperature in the living quarters of apartment No. ...". It is necessary to indicate the air temperature in the room, which is kept at the same level for about one to two weeks
• Below are the normative acts, the Rules for the provision of utility services to apartment owners - Decree regulating the process of supplying heating to residential buildings of the Government No. 354 and Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the living conditions of citizens in residential premises - Appendix 2
• The situation at the time of contact is described “This morning (in the afternoon) the temperature in the room was 15 degrees with permissible readings - 18 C. Please take measurements in accordance with the requirements established by GOST in paragraph 4 -“ Control methods ”. I wish to be present at the examination of the apartment by the commission. I demand to draw up an inspection report in two copies, one of which will remain with me. "
• The last line contains the date and signature with a decryption

The commission takes measurements of temperature, microclimate in the room, checks the heating system and draws up an appropriate act.

Then, depending on the detected problems, a decision is made on further actions.

If the house management did not agree with the applicant on the date of the master's visit to the premises and did not send workers, then you should contact other, higher authorities.

Determination of the temperature of the coolant in the batteries

The heat carrier in the centralized heating and hot water supply system is water heated to a certain temperature.

The following devices are used to measure the temperature of water heating in the system:

• Medical thermometer
• Infrared thermometer
• Alcohol thermometer

Central heating

To determine what the temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment should be, it is necessary to take into account the norms established for the coolant.

They are determined taking into account climatic conditions and are relevant if the pipe has a lower central supply to the battery:

• Ambient temperature + 6 degrees: at the entrance up to +55 degrees, at the return - up to +40 degrees
• Temperature outside the window - 0 degrees: at the entrance +66 degrees, at the return - up to +49 degrees
• Temperature outside the window - from -5 degrees: at the entrance + 77 degrees, at the return - up to +55 degrees

If the permissible temperature threshold decreases - during the daytime by 4 degrees, at night - by 5 degrees - the recalculation of the level of payment for central heating services is carried out without fail.

Important! Unlike a one-pipe, a two-pipe heating system can have a reduced rate of temperature for heating the coolant.

The parameters of the heat supply system are strictly regulated by the current legislation, according to which the following temperature regimes of the coolant in the pipes are allowed in an apartment building:

• With a two-pipe system, the coolant temperature is +96 degrees
• With a one-pipe system, the temperature is +116 degrees
• The average temperature of heating batteries in an apartment is from +78 to 92 degrees

Measurements of the coolant in the system can be done in the following ways:

• Install an alcohol thermometer on the heating radiator and wait a few minutes. Add one degree to the resulting value. Instead of an alcohol thermometer, you can use a room infrared thermometer, which has a higher measurement accuracy.
• Fix the electrical temperature meter to the battery with a thermocouple wire, and take the readings.

Hot water supply

In the cold season, the main factor is the temperature of water heating, which should be from +64 to 76 degrees. If the water supply is carried out in violation of the temperature standards, this is fraught with an increase in water consumption and the cost of paying utility bills.

To measure the temperature of the hot water supply, a deep container is placed in the sink, washbasin or bathroom. An alcohol-based thermometer is placed in it and liquid is supplied from the tap.

Measurement duration is about 10 minutes. Possible deviation from the norm can be +/- 3 degrees.

Air exchange rate

An important parameter that determines a comfortable and safe stay in a home is air exchange - complete or partial replacement of dirty air with clean air.

According to the regulatory documents, the rate of the frequency of air exchange is:

• In a living room up to 25 sq. m - 3 cubic meters m / hour per square meter of area
• In a kitchen with a gas stove - up to 9 cubic meters. m / hour, with an electric stove - 6 cu. m / hour
• In other premises up to 20 sq. m. - 1 cub. m / hour

It is difficult to independently measure the air exchange rate, often laboratories and expert bureaus assume a similar function.

If you wish, you can get reliable data on the rate of air exchange in several ways:

• A device called the Air Door installed in a window or doorway. Under the influence of a fan, air is blown into the device, after which the multiplicity parameter is determined
• Thermoanemometer and balometer for measuring the speed and volume of air flow in a room

Battery operation parameters and the procedure for measuring their temperature

To determine compliance with the legal temperature in the apartment during the winter, it is necessary to check the operation of the batteries. They should be periodically monitored to establish the feasibility of utility tariffs.

The standards for the pressure (head) of water in the apartment are determined within the following limits:

• For cold water - from 0.3 to 6 atmospheres
• For hot - from 0.3 to 4.5 atmospheres

There are no guidelines for minimum radiator temperatures. At the same time, the maximum heating limit of the batteries is set, determined in SNiP 41-01-2003.

• If the heating system is two-pipe, then the radiator should not heat up more than 95 degrees
• When the system is single pipe, the limit is 115 degrees

To establish deviations from the permissible temperature norm and achieve a recalculation, it is necessary to measure the temperature of the radiators in one of the following ways:

• By applying a standard electronic thermometer to the surface of the battery (in this case, it is necessary to add no more than 2 degrees to the readings)
• With a heat meter that senses infrared radiation
• Using an alcohol-type thermometer (when measuring it must be isolated from the environment)

Any of the devices used must have a certificate and a passport, which contains the rules for use and the characteristics of the error.

Measuring the temperature in the apartment

Violations can be detected by fixing the temperature in the apartment. Measurements should be carried out following a number of rules:

• It is necessary to fix the temperature on a cloudy day so that the sun does not heat the air
• If doors, windows or walls are not airtight, then it is required to restrict the flow of air.
• Measurements are carried out in 2 rooms (except for apartments with a single living space)
• The temperature is recorded at a distance of at least half a meter from the outer wall and heating devices and at least 60 cm from the floor
• As in establishing compliance with the permissible battery temperature in an apartment, you should use a certified device that has a passport

When deviations are recorded, it is worth submitting claims to the management company.

The degree of responsibility of public utilities for violation of standards

The law states that owners and tenants of residential real estate can apply to utilities to recalculate the tariff by 0.15% for every 60 minutes of non-compliance with the established temperature standards.

Tariff recalculation is possible in the following cases:

• The temperature in living quarters during the daytime is less than 17 degrees, in the corner room - below 21 degrees
• The duration of the heating shutdown in one calendar month was 24 hours
• One-time heating shutdowns for 15 hours at outdoor air temperatures up to 11 degrees

If, with the onset of cold weather, the air in the apartment remains insufficiently warmed up, a person can submit an official complaint to the following authorities:

• The prosecutor's office
• Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights
• Housing inspection

To solve the problem in court, you must submit the following documents:

• Copies of certified statements
• Application to the emergency dispatch service
• Temperature test report
• Copies of documents of conformity of the device with which the check was carried out

Anomalies detected

Having found a discrepancy in the temperature regime in the housing with the current standards, you must contact the management company. She should send a team to determine the reasons for the lack of heat.

If the source of the problem is not found, then you need to contact the housing and communal services operator with a request for measurements. The organization will check and draw up an act in which it will record the testimony received. Before signing the document, you should familiarize yourself with the equipment used and the test results.

The next step will be to send an act and a claim to eliminate the problems found and recalculate the cost of services already provided.

If the management company refuses to comply with the requirements, then you must go to court. This requires collecting all copies of documents (acts, statements and claims) exchanged between the citizen and the housing and communal services operator.

The plaintiff has the right to demand a reduction in the cost of services rendered by 0.15% for each hour of the period when the permissible temperature standard was not observed. Practice shows that it is possible to achieve the return of overpaid services only by initiating legal proceedings.