How can you identify a hierarchy of values - whether it's your own or someone else's? First of all, you need to enter the value you are interested in within a certain framework and see how it will get out of there.
For example, you are interested in what role plays in life certain person a family. You can ask him: “What do you value most in a family?” The person may respond: "Support." Then you ask him: “Why is support so important to you?” He replies, "She proves that I am loved." You: “What good is love?” He: “She will give me joy,” etc.
Constantly trying to figure out what is important to a person in related concepts, you begin to figure out his scale of values. Then, in order to have a clear idea of the other person's value hierarchy, you need to compare things that are important to him. For example, you might ask, “Which do you like more: being supported or being made happy?” If he says: “When they make you happy”, then, obviously, joy is higher in his hierarchy of values than the feeling of an elbow. Then you ask him which is more important to him: love or moral support? He may give you a specific answer, but he may also look at you with a blank look and shrug his shoulders: “Both are important.” In this case, you should not stop and continue: “What do you personally value more in close relationships: the feeling that you are loved, or the confidence that you are supported in everything?” He, perhaps, after a slight hesitation, will answer: "Perhaps, it is still better when they love me." In this case, you can write down for yourself that the next after joy in his scale of values is love, and behind it is a sense of comradeship. For another person, perhaps, the feeling of the elbow will go ahead of love (do not be surprised: this often happens). This can be manifested in the fact that this person will not believe in the love of another person until he feels support and support in him.
If a person does not meet with understanding in his first-order values, he breaks the connection.
For example, if for a person the most important thing is that he is supported, then even if he receives extraordinary joy from communicating with another person, this still cannot keep him. And the one in whose scale of values \u200b\u200bsupport is the fourth number, and love - the first, will not break off relations, even if he knows that the loved one is betraying him.
You can easily point to some components interpersonal communication that you value the most. Here are the main ones that most people consider important. Love. The pain and joy that comes with it. Communication process. Respect. Attractiveness. Fun. internal growth. Support. Overcoming resistance. Diversity. The beauty. Kindred of souls. Freedom. Honesty. Of course, these are far from all human values. You can point to many others not on this list, but no less important. If any come to your mind right now, add them to the list.
Now, rank these values in order of their importance to you personally, with number one being the most important and number fourteen being the least important. So let's compare these values to find out which ones are more important to you and which ones are less important. Let's start with the two listed first. What is more important for you in intimate relationships: love itself or the pain and joy that accompanies it? Having figured this out (assume that love itself is more important to you), move on to the next point and ask yourself what do you like more: making love or communicating more generally? And so you sort through the whole list, finding out if it named a phenomenon more important than the one that was indicated first. If not, then this means that it should be at the top of the list. Then go to the second word on the list. What means more to you: love pains and joys or simple human communication? If you choose the former, then you must then compare it with the phenomenon named after it: with mutual respect. If you choose the latter (in this case, just communication), then begin to compare other values \u200b\u200bwith it. That is, if you value simple communication above love pains and joys, ask yourself: “And what is more important for me: the process of communication itself or the feeling of mutual respect that feeds it?” If the first is more important, then you continue: “Which is better: mutual respect or fun?” If none of the values turned out to be higher than the joy of communication, it means that this concept is number two in your personal scale of values. And if it turns out that any value in your eyes is higher than communication, take it as a starting point and compare other components of the list with it. If, for example, you have reached the end of this list and it turns out that the last word on it (honesty in relationships) turned out to be more important to you than just communication, then it makes no sense to compare honesty with, say, diversity, since already it is known that this issue does not bother you, since the issues of honesty in communication are more important for you than communication itself, and indeed more important than any other characteristic of communication, including diversity, since all of them are on your scale of values below communication itself. yourself.
Repeat this procedure, taking all the other words in the list as a starting point, and you will complete the construction of your scale of values. As you can see for yourself, questions of hierarchy are rightly considered difficult. Sometimes the differences between the compared units are so subtle that it is difficult to give preference to any of them. It is also difficult to draw a line between the phenomena that you consider as accompanying each other. For example, you ask the question: “What is more important for me in love: the pain and joy that comes with it, or the feeling of inner growth?” And you answer: “Well, when I feel that I am growing, it is always a joy for me.” In this case, it is necessary to clarify: “What do I mean by a sense of my own growth and by joy?” Suppose you answer: "Growth is overcoming oneself, and joy is something like ecstasy, but not such a strong feeling." Based on this clarification, you can help yourself determine what is more important for you: the feeling of your own growth or the joy of love, if you ask yourself: “Which do I love more: overcoming difficulties or enjoying overcoming?” If the difference is still not clear, you can try to ask yourself what would happen if you were deprived of one of the compared values: “Would I rather have my love leave the pain and joy inherent in it, but the feeling of spiritual growth remain, or vice versa?” In this case, you will certainly get a clear answer.
Drawing up your own scale of values is one of the most important exercises.
Give this case an hour and find out what you want to receive from the relationship with your loved one. Even better, if you help him make his own scale. In this case, your relationship will receive a new impetus, as you will see with extraordinary clarity the deepest needs of each other. Make a list of the components you value most in your relationship: the pains and joys of love? soul mate? mutual respect?.. And do not forget to clarify about each. Why is mutual respect so important? If you get this answer: “Well, this is the most important thing in love!” then it means you've already figured out what your partner's number one value is. And if, for example, they answer you: “Mutual respect unites,” then you can add the word “unity” to your list and immediately clarify: “What is the importance of togetherness?” If the answer is, “Without this, there is no love,” keep asking, “What is so important about love?” and so on, until you feel like you've made a list of the values that are most important in your relationship. After that, proceed with the procedure of finding out the comparative value of each unit using the methodology described above. Compare them to each other in this system until you get a clear idea of their hierarchy. Then you can work on figuring out the scale of values that you are guided by in your work. Imagine this context and start asking, “What do I value most about work?” If the most important thing for you in your work is variety, elements of creativity, then mark it that way. Then ask yourself: “Why is the creative moment so important to me?” Perhaps the answer will be: "Creativity gives me a sense of inner growth." Do not stop there and continue: “Why is it important to constantly grow?” etc. What did you discover? What do you think about the list you have compiled? Does it accurately reflect the essence of the matter? If not, add more units until you get an accurate picture. It surprises some people at first, but after careful study, they begin to understand why they do what they do in life. Now they know what their highest priorities are at work and in their personal lives, and knowing this, they can allocate their energy accordingly.
Arranging values in a certain order is not enough. As you will soon see for yourself, people often mean different things when they talk about values. Now that you've figured out their hierarchy, it's time to ask yourself what each of these concepts means. If the thing you value most in a relationship is love, then ask yourself, “What does it mean to be loved?” Or, "What makes you love the one you love?" Or: “How do you know that you are not loved?” Be as accurate as possible about at least the first four items on the list. By itself, the word "love" can have dozens of meanings for you, and you should try to find out all of them. This is not easy to do, but if you try, you will learn to clearly determine what you want to receive from life and how to find out if your desires are being fulfilled.
1. In the textbook, on p. 101, a fragment of V. Veresaev's story "Legend" is given. Briefly formulate the rule (principle) of attitude to the surrounding life, expressed in this story.
If you find it difficult to complete the task, choose which of the following formulations more accurately reflects the principle expressed in the fragment of the story "Legend". Why exactly this one?
A) Live the way you want.
B) Live in such a way that others around you feel good.
B) Live in a way that does not harm other people.
D) Live in a way that benefits the world around you.
D) Live the way you like, as long as no one bothers you.
2. Remember the children's fairy tale about the Hen Ryaba. What do you think Grandfather and Baba cried over in a fairy tale?
Write a short story about it.
Egg as a symbol of happiness or life in general. The hen gave them a gift that was too "rich" for them. With whom they did not know what to do. Tried to act by virtue of their understanding and from their usual life positions(break) but nothing came of it. And so this gift left them (the mouse broke). And although they did not have a gift in size, they were still upset that they had lost it.
3. It is known that in ancient societies the oldest members of the clan enjoyed special respect. What explains this attitude?
The elders were experienced and accordingly wise. they saw a lot, accumulated a huge amount of knowledge about this world, about people. they also had experience of communicating with members of society, which means that they had good communication skills, perhaps even foresaw something, knew family, cause-and-effect relationships well.
4. Imagine that the characters of the painting "Everything is in the past" come to life (see the heading "Picture gallery" to § 12).
The old lady (with a thoughtful look, looking somewhere into the distance):
As before, 40 years ago, it was good! Balls, evenings, a house full of guests, music, dances, hunting seasons, how I loved this season, papa had many thoroughbred dogs, I loved to play with them so much, they had such soft beautiful fur, although papa fought a lot of serfs to the dogs were in perfect condition. How beautiful this garden was, how the trees bloomed (the peasants harvested a good harvest), and the house - my father and mother, my great-grandfathers, lived in this house. My childhood, my whole life, passed on this estate... Dozens of years have passed since then, but for me everything seems to have happened yesterday... Now the house is boarded up, the garden is decrepit, just like me, you serf peasant woman), this half-dead dog. Where did the youth go, the old time, huh? I ask you, Praskovya!
Praskovya (former serf):
My lady, Sofya Andreevna, as long as I know ... hm ... It's windy outside, it's getting cool, Sofya Andreevna, you should dress warmly. Would you mind bringing me a woolen shawl for you?
Old lady:
Don't bother, Praskovya! And it's boring without you...
Praskovya:
I beg your pardon, mistress, I'm an old fool, I'm weak, so you see, and my mind has become weak ... Eh, old age, my age is passing, hm ... Sofya Andreevna, order you to serve tea before the samovar is cold?
Old lady:
You don't need tea. I myself will order when I need it, shut up, my head hurts from your chatter!
Praskovia (mumbling to himself):
You should bring an umbrella to Madame, you can’t predict the weather, but if it rains ... Oh, my old age, old age ...
5. Make your own scale of human values, placing on it under the number 1 what you value most in people. Then, in descending order, indicate the importance of other valuable qualities.
1. Law-abiding; 2. Loyalty; 3. Honesty; 4. Kindness; 5. Sound mind; 6. Appearance; 7. Good nature; 8. Friendliness; 9. Cheerfulness; 10. Friendly.
6. Draw a sketch of a greeting card for the Day of the elderly.
7. Which position do you prefer? Explain why.
A) Humanity is the ability to participate in the fate of other people (I. Kant).
B) Humanity in a person is the result of remembering the suffering that he is familiar with either from his own experience or from the experience of other people (K. Helvetius).
Suggested version of the questionnaire life values is designed to help a practical psychologist both in individual diagnostics and counseling, and in the study of various groups (labor and educational teams) on the problems of motivation, for better understanding importance of various life spheres activities. The technique arose as a result of the use and further improvement of the technique of I. G. Senin.
This technique was called the "Morphological test of life values" (MTZhTs), based on the goals and objectives of the study - to determine the motivational-value structure of the individual.
Terminal values are the main diagnostic construct of MTLC. By the term "value" we mean the attitude of the subject to the phenomenon, life fact, object and subject, and the recognition of it as important, of vital importance.
The list of life values includes:
1. Self development. Those. knowledge of one's individual characteristics, continuous development of their abilities and other personal characteristics.
2. spiritual satisfaction, those. guidance of moral principles, the predominance of spiritual needs over material ones.
3. Creativity, those. implementation of their creative possibilities, the desire to change the surrounding reality.
4. Active social contacts, those. establishing good relations in various fields social interaction, expansion of their interpersonal relationships, the implementation of their social role.
5. own prestige, i.e., winning one's recognition in society by following certain social requirements.
6. High financial position those. recourse to factors material well-being as the main reason for existence.
7. Achievement, i.e., setting and solving certain life tasks as the main life factors.
8. Maintaining one's own identity those. the predominance of one's own opinions, views, beliefs over generally accepted ones, the protection of one's originality and independence.
Terminal values are realized in different ways, in different spheres of life. By life sphere is meant social sphere where human activities take place. The significance of a particular area of life for different people is not the same.
List of life areas:
1. Sphere of professional life.
2. Sphere of education.
3. Sphere family life.
4. Sphere of social activity.
5. Sphere of hobbies.
6. The scope of physical activity.
The questionnaire is aimed at studying individual system values of a person in order to better understand the meaning of his action or deed. The identity of a person is developed in relation to the basic values recognized in society. But personal values may not reproduce an exact copy of social values.
The design of the questionnaire includes a scale of reliability of the degree of desire in a person for social approval of his actions. The higher the result, the more the subject's behavior (at the verbal level) corresponds to the approved model. The critical threshold is 42 points, after which the results can be considered unreliable.
Terms and Conditions
The morphological test of life values consists of 112 statements (see below), each of which the subject must evaluate on a 5-point system. Before starting testing, the subject is given the following instructions:
“You are offered a questionnaire that describes the various desires and aspirations of a person. Please rate each statement on a 5-point scale as follows:
If the meaning of the statement does not matter to you, then put the number 1 in the appropriate cell of the form;
If it matters little to you, then put the number 2;
If it has a certain meaning for you - put the number 3;
If this is IMPORTANT for you - put the number 4;
If this is VERY IMPORTANT for you, put the number 5.
Please remember that there can be no right or wrong answers here, and that the correct answer is the correct one. Try not to use the number "3" to evaluate the statement.
The survey must be carried out in a favorable emotional climate. The experimenter should be friendly, should be able to answer questions that arise, but not provoke a definite response of the subject to the statement. When conducting a group survey, each subject must have his own text of the questionnaire. It is allowed to read the statements aloud by the experimenter to the whole group. Everyone must answer individually.
The procedure for processing the results
Before proceeding with the processing of the received data, it is necessary to make sure that the answer form is completed in its entirety.
Next, we summarize the response scores in accordance with the key. Thus, we obtain primary test results. In the reliability scale, the sign must be taken into account when calculating. All answers with a minus sign are inverted. So, if the subject puts 5 points in response to a statement related to the reliability scale, then 1 point corresponds to him. If the subject puts 1 point for a statement with a negative value, then 5 points will correspond to him.
After calculations, all results are entered in the table. The proposed values belong to multidirectional groups: spiritual and moral values and egoistically prestigious (pragmatic). This is conceptually important for determining the direction of the activity of an individual or group. The former include: self-development, spiritual satisfaction, creativity and active social contacts, reflecting a moral and business orientation. Accordingly, the second subgroup of values includes: prestige, achievements, financial position, preservation of individuality. They, in turn, reflect the selfish-prestigious orientation of the individual.
At all low values - the orientation of the personality is indefinite, without a pronounced preferred goal-setting. With all the high scores, the orientation of the personality is contradictory, intra-conflict. With high scores of values in the 1st group, the orientation of the personality is humanistic, in the 2nd group - pragmatic.
For a graphical representation of the results obtained and analysis of the correlation of values within the structure of a person's life values, there is a form-schedule that allows you to establish the relationship between socially approved and socially disapproved values, motives.
KEY TO THE MORPHOLOGICAL TEST OF LIFE VALUES (FORM A)
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Life values |
Vital spheres |
Confidence scale |
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Self development |
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Spiritual Satisfaction |
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Creativity |
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Social contacts |
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own prestige |
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Achievements |
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Financial situation |
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Preservation of individuality |
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Text of the MTWC Questionnaire
Please evaluate your desires and aspirations that encourage You to certain
actions, on a 5-point scale, pronouncing the phrase:
"For me now (your score)..."
- if the statement DOES NOT MATTER, put a number on the form "one"
– if the statement IS OF LITTLE SIGNIFICANCE, put a number "2"
– if the statement IS MEANING, put a number "3";
- if the statement is IMPORTANT, put a number "four";
– if the statement is VERY IMPORTANT, put a number "5" .
1. Constantly improve your professional skills
2. Study to learn something new in the studied field of knowledge
3. So that the appearance of my home is constantly changing
4. Communicate with different people, participate in social activities
5. To the people I spend with free time, addicted to the same thing as me
6. For participation in sports to help me in setting personal records
7. Feel antipathy towards others
8. Have an interesting job that absorbs me completely
9. Create something new in the field of knowledge I study
10. Be the leader in my family
11. Keep up with the times, be interested in social and political life
12. In your passion to quickly achieve your goals
13. So that physical fitness allows you to reliably perform work that gives good earnings
14. Cursing when people are in trouble
15. Learn to “not bury your talent in the ground
16. Go to concerts, theaters, exhibitions with your family
17. Apply your own methods in social activities
18. Be a member of an interest club
19. For others to notice my athletic smartness
20. Do not feel annoyed when people express an opinion that is opposite to mine.
21. Invent, improve, invent new things in your profession
22. So that the level of my education allows me to feel confident in communicating with a variety of people
23. Lead a family lifestyle that is valued by society
24. Achieve specific goals by doing social activities
25. So that my hobby helps to strengthen my financial situation
26. For physical fitness to make me independent in any situation
27. For family life to correct some of the shortcomings of my nature
28. Find inner satisfaction in active public life
29. In your free time, create something new that did not exist before
30. So that my physical form allows me to communicate confidently in any company
31. Don't hesitate when someone needs help in need.
32. Have friendly relations with colleagues at work
33. Study to keep up with the people in my circle
34. For my children to be ahead of their peers in their development
35. Receive material reward for social activities
36. To make my hobby emphasize my individuality
37. Develop your organizational skills by engaging in social activities
38. Fully focus on your passion by spending your free time on a hobby
39. Come up with new exercises for physical warm-up
40. Before a long trip, always think about what to take with you.
41. What impression does my work have on other people?
42. Get a higher education or go to graduate school, get a degree
43. For my family to have a very high level material well-being
44. Firmly defend a certain point of view in socio-political issues
45. Know your hobby abilities
46. Enjoy even heavy physical exertion
47. Listen carefully to the interlocutor, whoever he is
48. At work, quickly achieve your goals
49. So that the level of education would help me strengthen my financial situation
50. Save complete freedom and independence from my family members
51. For active physical activity to change my character
52. Do not think when people are in trouble that they got what they deserved
53. So that at work there is an opportunity to receive additional material benefits (bonuses, vouchers, profitable business trips, etc.)
54. Learn to "not get lost in the crowd"
55. Stop doing something when you are not confident in your abilities.
56. To make my profession emphasize individuality
57. Engage in the study of new trends in my professional activities
58. Learn while having fun
59. Constantly be interested in new methods of teaching and raising children in the family
60. Participating in social life, interact with experienced people
61. Earn respect from people through your passion
62. Always reach the intended sports ranks and titles
63. Do not quit doing something if you are not confident in your abilities
64. Enjoy not the results of the work, but the process itself
65. Raise your level of education to contribute to the discipline being studied
66. So that it does not matter to me that the leader in the family is someone else
67. So that my socio-political views coincide with the opinions of people who are authoritative for me
68. Doing what you love at your leisure, think through your actions in detail
69. Participating in various competitions, win any prize, reward
70. Do not speak with the intent of unpleasant things
71. To know what level of education can be achieved with my abilities in order to improve them
72. Always be absolutely reliable in marriage
73. So that the life of my environment is constantly changing
74. Get involved in something in your free time, communicating with people who are interested in the same
75. Participate in sports competitions to demonstrate your superiority
76. Do not feel inner protest when I am asked to provide a service.
77. To change the way I work
78. Raise your level of education in order to be included in the circle of smart and interesting people
79. Have a spouse from a family of high social status
80. Achieve the set goal in your social activities
81. In his passion to create things necessary in life (clothes, furniture, appliances, etc.)
82. So that physical training, giving freedom in movements, creates a sense of personal freedom
83. Learn to understand the character of my spouse (spouse) in order to avoid family conflicts
84. Be useful to society
85. Make various improvements to my hobby
86. To have many friends among the members of my sports section (club, team)
87. Pay close attention to how I am dressed.
88. To constantly have the opportunity to communicate with colleagues during work
89. To have the level of my education correspond to the level of education of the person whose opinion I value
90. Carefully plan your family life
91. To occupy a place in society that would strengthen my financial position
92. For my outlook on life to be manifested in my passion
93. Engage in social activities, learn to convince people of your point of view
94. For a hobby to take up most of my free time
95. So that my invention manifests itself even in morning exercises
96. Always willing to admit your mistakes
97. For my work to be at the level and even better than others
98. So that the level of my education would help me get the desired position
99. So that the spouse (wife) receives a high salary
100. Have your own political opinions
101. So that the circle of my hobbies is constantly expanding
102. To have, first of all, moral satisfaction from the successes achieved in sports
103. Do not come up with a good reason to justify yourself
104. Before starting work, plan it clearly
105. So that my education makes it possible to receive additional material benefits (fees, benefits)
106. In family life, rely only on your own views, even if they contradict public opinion
107. Spending a lot of time reading literature, watching TV shows and films about sports
108. Don't envy the luck of others
109. Have a high paying job
110. Choose a rare, unique specialty for training in order to better express your personality
111. Behave at the table at home in the same way as in public
112. So that my work does not contradict my life principles
DATA INTERPRETATION
1. Interpretation of data on scales of life values
Self development
(+) The desire of a person to receive objective information about the features of his character, abilities, other characteristics of his personality The desire for self-improvement, considering that the potential of a person is almost unlimited and that, first of all, in life it is necessary to achieve their fullest realization Serious attitude to their duties, competence in business. Indulgence towards people and their shortcomings and exactingness towards oneself.
(-) Tendency towards self-sufficiency. Such people, as a rule, set a threshold for their abilities and believe that it is impossible to overcome it. Touchy when making a negative assessment of them, their characteristics or personal qualities, show indifference to the assessment
Spiritual Satisfaction
(+) A person's desire to obtain moral satisfaction in all spheres of life. Such people believe, as a rule, that the most important thing in life is to do only what is interesting and what brings inner satisfaction. Idealism in views, commitment to ethical standards in behavior and detail.
(-) Workshop. Search for specific benefits from mutual relations, performance results. Cynicism, disregard for public opinion, social norms
Creativity
(+) A person's desire to realize his creative potential, to make various changes in all spheres of his life. The desire to avoid stereotypes and diversify your life. Such people get tired of the dimensional course of their lives and always try to bring something new into it. Characterized by ingenuity and enthusiasm in the most mundane situations
(-) Suppression of creative inclinations, stereotypical behavior and activities. Conservatism, adherence to already established norms and values. Annoying lack of habitual. Possible nostalgia for the old days
(+) A person's desire to establish favorable relationships with other people. For such people, as a rule, all aspects of human relationships are significant, they are often convinced that the most valuable thing in life is the opportunity to communicate and interact with other people. They are often friendly, sociable, easy to communicate, empathic, socially active.
(-) Indecisiveness in dealing with strangers, lack of spontaneity in speaking, distrust of other people, unwillingness to be open
own prestige
(+) A person's desire for recognition, respect, approval from others, as a rule, the most significant persons, whose opinion he listens to the most and whose opinion he focuses primarily on in his judgments, actions and views. He needs social approval of his behavior Self-confident, categorical in a situation of interaction with people who are dependent on him. Ambitious.
(-) A person does not see a difference in the approval of his actions by people with different social statuses. Compliant, avoids failures, conflicts Deprived of claims to the status of a leader.
Achievements
(+) A person's desire to achieve specific and tangible results in different periods of life. Such people, as a rule, carefully plan their lives, putting specific goals at every stage of it and believing that the main thing is to achieve these goals. Often a large number of life achievements serves as the basis for high self-esteem for such people.
(-) Indifference to achievement. Dependence on how external situations develop The main credo is "Wait and see" Such people often differ in setting immediate, specific goals. Sometimes they show impotence in an effort to achieve some distant promising goal
(+) A person's desire for the highest possible level of his material well-being, the conviction that material wealth is the main condition for well-being in life A high level of material well-being for such people often turns out to be the basis for developing a sense of self-worth and increased self-esteem
(-) Indifference to material wealth. Ignoring material wealth as a value to strive for. Sometimes characterized by a tendency towards marginality
(+) A person's desire for independence from other people Such people. as a rule, they believe that the most important thing in life is to preserve the originality and originality of their personality, their views, beliefs, their lifestyle, trying to succumb to the influence of mass trends as little as possible Often do not trust authorities A vivid manifestation of such traits as a high level of self-esteem is possible , conflict, behavioral deviation
(-) The desire for conformity, isolation, the main thing is not to be a "black sheep" Such people believe that "upstarts" are ill-mannered people from whom unpredictable actions can be expected. These people don't like to take responsibility.
2. Interpretation of data on the scales of vital spheres
Sphere of professional life
(+) High significance for a person of the sphere of his professional activity They devote a lot of time to their work, are included in the solution of all production problems, considering that professional activity is the main content of human life
(+) A person's desire to improve their level of education, broaden their horizons They believe that the main thing in life is to learn and gain new knowledge
Sphere of family life
(+) The high importance for a person of everything that is connected with the life of his family, they devote a lot of effort and time to solving the problems of their family, believing that the main thing in life is well-being in the family
Sphere of public life
(+) High importance for a person of the problems of society. Such people are involved in social and political life, believing that the most important thing for a person is his political convictions.
Sphere of Hobbies
(+) High significance for a person of his hobbies, hobbies. Such people give their hobby all their free time and believe that without a hobby, a person’s life is in many ways inferior.
Sphere of physical activity
(+) Reflects the importance of physical activity and physical education as an element
common culture for man. Such people believe that physical culture is necessary to harmonize human life, that it is necessary to be able to alternate intellectual activity with physical activity, that beauty and external attractiveness are often associated with in a healthy way life, with physical education and sports
(-) In all areas, it speaks of the insignificance or low significance of these areas for individual people. This is often associated with the age period of life and with the degree of satisfaction of certain needs.
3. Interpretation of data on scales of values within life spheres
Sphere of professional life
Self development
(+) The desire for the most complete realization of their abilities in the field of prof. life and to improve their skills Interest in information about their prof. abilities and opportunities for their development Demanding to themselves and their prof. duties
(-) This indicator characterizes individuals who seek to limit their activity. When any significant results are achieved, they immediately calm down, prefer to “rest on their laurels” Often touchy when their professional abilities are negatively assessed
Spiritual Satisfaction
(+) The desire to have an interesting, meaningful job or profession. Such people are characterized by a desire to penetrate as deeply as possible into the subject of labor, obtaining moral satisfaction from the very process of work and, to a lesser extent, from the result of work.
(-) The desire for pragmatism, the search for specific benefits from professional activities. Sometimes such people are openly cynical, openly talk about their mercantile interests in the situation of performing any operations and types of professional activities.
Creativity
(+) The desire to introduce an element of creativity into the sphere of one's professional activity A person quickly becomes bored with the usual ways of organizing and working methods. Such people are characterized by a constant desire to make various changes and improvements to the work. As a rule, these are people who are addicted and inventive.
(-) Striving for conservatism, stability, following job descriptions. Any innovations in the field of methods and organization of the activities of such people, as a rule, irritate, cause unwillingness to work.
Active social contacts
(+) The desire for collegiality in work, for the delegation of authority, the establishment of favorable relationships with colleagues at work. The significance of the factors of the social and psychological climate of the team, the atmosphere of trust is characteristic.
(-) Striving for individualization of activities Lack of trust in relationships with members labor collective, the desire to maintain relations within a purely corporate framework. Such people do not support their colleagues in situations where it is necessary. Adhere to the opinion - every man for himself.
own prestige
(+) The desire of a person to have a job or profession socially approved A person, as a rule, is interested in the opinion of other people regarding his work and profession and seeks to achieve recognition in society by choosing the most socially approved job or profession
(-) Due to various circumstances, he chooses for himself such a job and profession, which is determined by a person’s desire and abilities and other internal characteristics, or an external unfavorable situation, “if only something”
Achievements
(+) The desire to achieve competitive and tangible results in their professional activities. often to boost self-esteem. Such people are often characterized by careful planning of all work and getting satisfaction not from the process, but from the result of the activity.
(-) Depending on other indicators (for example, spiritual satisfaction, creativity or self-development), this assessment characterizes a person who is either passionate about the work process, not caring about his own achievements, or a person with shortcomings in the volitional sphere
High financial position
(+) The desire to have a job or a profession that guarantees a high salary, other types of material well-being. The tendency to change jobs, specialty, if it does not bring the desired level of material well-being
(-) The choice of profession is associated either with the idealistic orientation of the individual, with his creativity, purposefulness associated with moral satisfaction from his work, or with far-reaching future prospects associated with his own prestige or achievements (high indicators for these values)
Preservation of one's own individuality
(+) The desire to “stand out from the crowd” through their professional activities Such people try to have a job or profession that could emphasize individual originality and originality (for example, choose an unusual, rare profession)
(-) The desire to find such a job and a specialty so that it ensures the reliability of existence (“ better than a tit in the hands“) Such people believe that the profession is a sign of stability, and work is not the main place where you need to assert yourself and express yourself
Sphere of training and education
Self development
(+) The desire to improve the level of one's education for the sake of developing oneself as a person and one's abilities. Such people are characterized by an interest in evaluating themselves as individuals and their knowledge, skills, and abilities. An attempt to change for the better.
(-) The desire to obtain a certain result, indicating the achievement of a certain level of education, or a complete disregard for education as a factor contributing to self-development
Spiritual Satisfaction
(+) The desire to learn as much as possible about the discipline being studied, as a result, to receive moral satisfaction People are distinguished by a highly developed cognitive need, the desire to improve their level of education
(-) They are characterized by low cognitive activity due to the lack of a cognitive motive. The desire to achieve a specific, purely practical result.
Creativity
(+) The desire to find something new in the discipline being studied, to contribute to a certain area of knowledge Characterizes the desire to answer those questions that are controversial, unknown in this science (participation in the work learned societies. in scientific experiments, etc.)
(-) The desire to learn the basic material in the discipline being studied and to excel within the given framework. Such people often demonstrate the stereotyping of the time of certain problems, inflexibility, inability to move away from the model
Social contacts
(+) The desire to identify oneself with a certain social group The desire to reach a certain level of education in order to enter into close contacts with representatives of this social group.
(-) The desire to limit any contacts, regardless of belonging to a particular social group.
own prestige
(+) The desire of a person to have a level of education that is highly valued by society. Such people are interested in other people's opinions about their education or the desire to achieve a certain level of education.
(-) Indifference to the goals of training and education. Such people try to find the support of those who, as they are affirmed in the opinion, that it is not education (or rather its level) that is important, but some other characteristics of the individual, her skills and abilities.
Achievements
(+) The desire to achieve both a specific result of one's educational process (diploma, dissertation defense), and other life goals, the achievement of which depends on the level of education. The desire to carefully plan everything at each stage, to increase one's self-esteem.
(-) The desire for self-sufficiency in the field of education at any stage of the life path associated with others life goals and high self-esteem.
High financial position
(+) The desire to achieve a level of education that will allow you to have a high salary and other types of material benefits The desire to improve the level of your education, choose an educational institution if the current state of affairs does not bring the desired material well-being.
(-) The desire in the field of education to achieve other goals other than material ones. Most often, the indicator is associated with the idealistic orientation of the individual and the current external situations (for example, they were forced to study).
Preservation of one's own individuality
(+) The desire to build the process of education, so that it meets all the personality traits as much as possible. The desire to be original, to demonstrate one's life principles. Exaltation in behavior is characteristic.
(-) The desire for conflict, “like everyone else, so am I”, the main thing is to excel on time and not be a lagging student, student, etc.
Sphere of family life
Self development
(+) The desire to change for the better various features their character, their personality in family life Interest in information and assessment of their personal characteristics.
(-) Striving for fixation own positions in the family Unwillingness to correct those personal characteristics that cause concern to family members
Spiritual Satisfaction
(+) The desire for deep understanding with all family members, spiritual closeness with them. In marriage, they value true love, consider it the main condition for family well-being
(-) The desire to have a family, so that everything is like everyone else, or no worse than others. They build a marriage of convenience A marriage contract is a guarantee of the existence of a family
Creativity
(+) The desire for all kinds of changes in their family life and the introduction of something new into it Such people try to diversify the life of their family (change the situation in the apartment, come up with a type of family vacation, etc.)
(-) The desire to preserve conservative traditions, norms and rules of family life
Active social contacts
(+) The desire for a certain structure of relationships in the family, for each member of the family to occupy any social position and perform strictly defined functions. Active verbal methods of parenting and interaction are valued for the purpose of mutual understanding between family members
(-) Striving for the individual in the family Perhaps a purely consumer attitude in order to satisfy their needs. In such a family there is no differentiation of social roles and functions.
own prestige
(+) The desire to build one's family life in such a way as to ensure recognition from others Interest in opinions about various aspects of one's family life
(-) Does not need the approval of his actions in the family sphere. Sometimes the insignificance of the indicator indicates the insignificance of this area
Achievements
(+) Striving for that. in order to achieve any real results in family life (teaching children to write as early as possible) Interest in information about the family life of other people in order to compare the weight of the achievements of one's family and other families
(-) The desire to yield activity in achieving results to other people to other family members, etc. Indifferent attitude to the results in one's family, lack of interest in the experience of other families
High financial position
(+) Striving for the highest level of material prosperity of one's family. Such people believe that family well-being lies, first of all, in the good welfare of the family.
(-) Ignoring material wealth as a value to which family members should strive Tendencies to search for other foundations that unite the family
Preservation of one's own individuality
(+) The desire to build one's life, focusing only on one's own views, the desire to convince Trying to maintain one's independence even from members of one's family (Sometimes due to the negative experience of one's generalized family)
(") The desire to build a collectivist family based on mutual understanding and interdependence
Sphere of public life
Self development
(+) The desire to fully realize and develop one's abilities in the field of social and political life Particular interest in information about one's abilities and opportunities in this area with a view to their further improvement Striving for a new ideal
(-) The desire to achieve any success in this area by minimizing costs on its part Demanding respect for oneself as one is. Such people believe that it is necessary to adapt to circumstances, and not spend time improving.
Spiritual Satisfaction
(+) The desire for moral satisfaction from the process of their social activities
(-) The desire to obtain practical benefits from the result of one's social political activity, and try to achieve this result by any means
Creativity
(+) The desire to bring diversity to their social activities. Such people quickly respond to any changes taking place in social and political life. Being engaged in social activities, they try to change the usual methods of conducting it, to introduce something new.
(-) The desire for stability, firmness of positions, so as not to break the well-established mechanism for holding a socio-political event in the usual life
Active social contacts
(+) The desire to realize one's social orientation through an active social life The desire to take a place in the structure of social life that would provide closer contact with a certain circle of people and would make it possible to interact with them in public life
(-) Disinterest in a wide range of social contacts in the sphere of socio-political life due to various circumstances, both personal characteristics (isolation, conflict, suspicion and distrust of people), and the outwardly developing social situation
own prestige
(+) The desire to adhere to the most common views on socio-political life Active participation in conversations on socio-political topics, as a rule, expressing not one's own opinion, but the opinions of one's own authorities
(-) Striving for depoliticization Ignoring authorities in socio-political life Distrust of people's objectivity in socio-political issues
Achievements
(+) The desire to achieve, first of all, real and concrete results in their social and political life, often for the sake of increasing their self-esteem People of this type clearly plan their social work, set specific goals at each stage and strive to achieve them by any means. Careerism in the best sense contributes to the effectiveness of activities in this area. Careerism in a negative way - getting results at the expense of others, by suppressing other people's interests
(-) Characterizes the lack of purposefulness in this area. Unwillingness to realize oneself as a public figure. Independence in terms of self-esteem Disinterest in someone else's authoritative opinion regarding one's abilities
High financial position
(+) The desire to engage in social and political activities for the sake of material rewards for it Active participation in events, if they can bring cash reward and other types of material well-being
(-) The desire for socio-political activity as a matter of restoring social justice, a contemptuous attitude towards monetary rewards in a noble cause
Preservation of one's own individuality
(+) The desire not to be influenced by the socio-political views of other people The price is the socio-political position that no one else takes, and often no socio-political views matter. Perhaps a condescending or even approving attitude towards all kinds of informal, scandalous organizations
(-) The desire not to stand out in their socio-political views from the opinion of the majority, to support the official point of view. The position “to be like everyone else” is the main position in this area.
Sphere of Hobbies
Self development
(+) The desire of a person to use his hobby for better implementation their potential opportunities. Such people are not limited, as a rule, to only one type of hobby and try to try their hand at various activities.
(-) Lack of desire to get involved in something in order to expand their horizons, skills, abilities. Such people, as a rule, have a hobby at the level of attraction and do it irregularly or consider it purely theoretically.
Spiritual Satisfaction
(+) The desire of a person to have such a hobby, to which one can devote all free time, trying to penetrate deeper into the very object of passion Getting satisfaction from the process of one's occupation, rather than from its results Humanistic orientation of the personality
(-) Striving for pragmatic goals of various kinds in your hobby.
Creativity
(+) The desire of a person to get involved in such an occupation, which provides wide
opportunities for creativity, diversification in the sphere of their hobbies. Efforts are obvious to change something in the subject of one's passion, to introduce something new into it.
(-) Suppression of creative inclinations, the desire to do everything according to the model, without introducing anything new when creating objects of one's passion.
Active social contacts
(+) The desire to realize one's social orientation through one's hobby The tendency to get involved in those activities that are collective in nature The desire to find like-minded people and interact with them in one's hobby
(-) Seeking individual tendencies in hobbies Reluctance to enter into active social contacts about leisure and hobbies. Often, indecision and doubt about one's abilities interfere with contacts with strangers who have the same hobbies as this person.
own prestige
(+) The desire to do things in his free time that can serve as the basis for his high appreciation by other people The desire to focus on the opinion of people who are significant to him, how to spend his free time (vacation, leisure hours, hobbies), and spend it the way they do .
(-) The desire to rely only on one's own opinion on how to spend one's free time is often associated with inflated self-esteem and ignoring authorities
Achievements
(+) A person's desire to set specific goals in the area of his hobby and achieve them. Characterized by an interest in information about the achievements of other people in their hobbies in order to make sure that they are no worse, and maybe better than others.
(-) Self-sufficiency. Lack of interest in the opinions of other people, lack of planning and achieving certain goals in your hobby
High financial position
(+) The desire to do things in your free time that can bring material benefits. Hobbies are purely pragmatic in nature (for example, hobby products can be sold, exchanged, etc.)
(-) The desire to do in your free time what brings relaxation from everyday worries, aesthetic pleasure, moral satisfaction.
Preservation of one's own individuality
(+) A person's desire to ensure that the hobby helps to emphasize, express one's individuality. Passion for some very rare, unusual activities to create things that no one else has.
(-) The desire to follow in hobbies the fashion characteristic of society at the moment The desire to identify oneself with others and be satisfied with what one has, like everyone else
Sphere of physical activity
Self development
(+) The desire to improve their physical form, interest in information from other people about their abilities and physical capabilities. Critical self-assessment in a given area
(-) Unwillingness to listen to other people's critical assessment of their abilities and capabilities in this area. Self-sufficiency Comparison of oneself with other people whose physical development is lower than that of others this person and, on this basis, complacency, unwillingness to be active in improving their physical abilities.
Spiritual Satisfaction
(+) The desire to choose a type of physical activity that would bring moral satisfaction. Deriving pleasure from the process of one's occupation more than from obtaining results in this activity
(-) The desire to find practical benefits from sports and other types of physical activity. Ignoring the ethical and aesthetic feelings that arise in the process of physical education
Creativity
(+) The desire to add variety to their physical education and sports, to bring originality to the complex of exercises, training.
(-) The desire for stability, familiarity in their studies in this area. Unwillingness to change anything. Irritation unusual situation games, competitions A clear separation of the concepts "according to the rules" - "not according to the rules"
Active social contacts
(+) Striving for team sports, group training Getting satisfaction from training in a group of acquaintances, teammates, in a section, in a sport Even a morning run next to a stranger brightens up time.
(-) Striving for individual species sports, to individual lessons in the field of physical culture. Such people do not see the need to exchange words during sports, they seem redundant to them.
own prestige
(+) The desire to be the best in their physical data in the eyes of authoritative people The desire to achieve recognition of their success and approval from people with a high status and a high level of competence in this area.
(-) Lack of desire for approval of one's abilities in the field of physical activity A person does not claim respect for his sports merits, physical data Often there is no sport at all in the life of such a person
Achievements
(+) Striving for significant result planning in advance their activities in the field of physical activity Interest in information, what successes others have, and the desire to increase their own Purposefulness and entrepreneurship in this area are characteristic
(-) Characterizes a person with a great desire to achieve the goal of having significant results in the field of physical activity, but impotence in striving to achieve them. Often self-sufficient, does not need achievements in this area
High financial position
(+) The desire to achieve material benefits from their activities in the field of physical education and sports, physical endurance, working capacity
(-) Ignoring material values, especially if they are given by hard physical labor. Such people believe that health must be protected, and physical labor does not justify the acquired material goods.
Preservation of one's own individuality
(+) The desire to engage in such a type of physical activity, so that the activity helps to express the individuality of a person. Passion for rare sports. In the process of training, they can differ in stubbornness in order to stand out among others, unwillingness to engage in a team, in a group for the same purpose.
a) the relationship between man and nature is mutual;
B) man and nature are independent of each other;
C) Man is a part of nature.
2. The characteristic of a person, reflecting his social essence, is:
A) individuality;
B) personality;
B) an individual.
3. Individual - this concept means:
a) one of the people
B) human features;
C) the degree of identity of a person.
4. Human activity is driven by:
A) desires
B) needs;
B) emotions
D) feelings.
5. Labor activity is:
A) the relationship of a person with the outside world;
B) activities aimed at a practically useful result;
C) any human activity.
6. Activity and communication is:
A) the same
B) communication is a property of activity, and not activity itself;
C) two equal events.
7. The consequences of alcohol and drug use are especially terrible for:
A) the person himself
B) families;
B) society
D) future generation;
D) all of the above.
8. What ensures compliance with moral standards?
A) the power of the state
B) public consciousness
B) rules of etiquette
D) need
9. The difference between human activity and the activity of other living beings is:
BUT) instinctive behavior
B) emotional experience
B) goal setting
D) imitation
10. Truth is:
B) the correct reflection of reality in the minds of people, verified by practice;
C) information about the surrounding world and the person himself.
11.Most important feature scientific knowledge is:
A) studying the world to apply knowledge about it in the future
B) the possibility of studying the world in different ways;
C) the study of the world as it is.
12. Myth is:
A) just a fairy tale;
B) a story about individual manifestations of the universe;
AT) early way understanding of natural and social actions.
13. Spiritual and practical experience of knowing the world is:
A) knowledge passed from generation to generation;
B) behavior according to the model;
C) aphorisms, proverbs, sayings;
D) all of the above.
14. Assessing ourselves, we:
A) we compare the image of the real I with the image of the ideal;
B) we evaluate ourselves the way others evaluate us;
C) evaluation depends on our attitude to our own successes and failures.
15. Worldview in human life is:
A) a guideline for its activities;
B) strengthening his life experience;
C) connection with religion;
D) connection with science.
J. Ortega y Gasset "Man and People" there are no absolutely reliable human achievements and never have been. Even what seems settled and undoubted,may disappear after a few generations. The so-called "civilization", material and spiritual goods, knowledge, values, in short, what we rely on and that we make up a system of "reliable" means created by man as a kind of raft for salvation in a life shipwreck, - all this is absolutely problematic and disappears in the blink of an eye at the slightest negligence. The so-called "unconditional achievements" slip out of our hands, turning into disembodied, flying ghosts. The history of mankind is a series of crises, retreats, declines. Even worse: the danger of a regression much more radical than those known so far exists to this day .... questions for the document: 1. How do you understand the main idea of the above fragment? 2. Do you share the point of view of the author of the passage that "there is no absolutely reliable human achievement and never was"? 3. Can, in your opinion, moral and religious values, universal norms of morality prevent "the total degeneration of humanity as such, a return to an animal state, to final and complete alienation"?? 4. What can you say about the value of Faith, Hope and Love?? Can they be considered as a reliable "raft of salvation?"
Should all people have only one meaning of life, or does each of them have their own? Let's give the floor to the defenders of different points of view,who are usually called opponents. First point of view. For all people, the meaning of life should be one: after all, all people are the same by nature. And the meaning of life is just what unites them and distinguishes them from animals. In addition, if the lives of different people had a different, not the same meaning, then each of them would only pull in their own direction, and such people could never understand each other and act together. Second point of view. The fact that all people have common or generic properties does not at all exclude their differences. Each person is a unique being. Therefore, everyone should have their own meaning of life. You can understand another without even sharing his views. And it’s not at all what makes people act together common sense life, but mutual benefit. Third point of view. You are both partly right, but only partly, because the meaning of life for different people is both common and different at the same time. The belonging of each individual to the human race, a particular society, nation or class determines that each person has something in common with other people, including the meaning of life. At the same time, since each person is somehow different from all other people, this difference can also be manifested in his understanding of the meaning of life. What we call the meaning of life, in each person coincides in some ways, and in some ways does not coincide with the meaning of life in other people. Which of the following points of view do you think is more correct? Justify your opinion. Imagine yourself participating in a discussion about the meaning of life. What is it for you?
Today I offer you a technique that will help you define your own scale of values and understand what it means to "live in accordance with your values."
Human values:
√ is what underlies life motivation,
√ is something for which we are ready to make efforts,
√ is what gives us energy and resources.
Although most of our values are quite stable, however, turning points occur in the life of every person. During these periods, there is a reassessment of values and life priorities change. If you suddenly began to notice that what used to bring joy and satisfaction has now ceased to interest you, the pleasure and motivation to do it have disappeared - it's time to explore your values.
♦ Understanding your values helps you make important life decisions.
♦ You stop unconsciously sacrificing what you truly want.
♦ You begin to give your attention, time and energy to what can really bring you joy and satisfaction.
Below I have given an approximate list of human values:
A family
Safety
Job/Career/Professionalism
Health (physical and mental)
Care/Service
Confidence
Interest in knowledge (general culture, intellectual development, laws of life)
freedom
Material security / Prosperity / Abundance
Self-confidence / High self-esteem / Self-worth
Love (spiritual and physical)
Friendship / Loyalty / Reliability / Mutual assistance
Wisdom/Spirituality/Internal culture/Harmony
Responsibility / Independence
Public recognition/Respect/Fame/Success
Pleasure & Entertainment/Adventure
Creativity/Hobbies
Beauty/Aesthetics
Take pieces of paper and write down one value on each of them. In those lines that list several close values, choose the one that is closer to you personally. In addition, you can add your own values if you did not find them in the proposed list, but they matter to you.
Now you need to put the values in their places: from the first most important for you today, and then, in descending order of importance, to the very last. Move the leaves until you get a clear sequence that completely satisfies you.
If it's difficult to choose between two values the one that is most important to you, use one of two methods.
Method 1. Logical.
Ask yourself the question: If I were offered to choose only one thing, what would I be willing to give up in life? What remains is more important to you now.
Method 2. Intuitive.
Close your eyes. Mentally imagine the first value in the palm of one hand, and the second value in the palm of the other. “Weigh” them: which one is more significant for you? Do not think at this moment! Focus completely on the sensations. What is more significant is more important to you now.
Take the 3-5 most important, priority values from your list. Now describe each of them, what it means to you personally.
For example:
Responsibility is when I...
Family for me is first and foremost...
You only need to write about what you want. Therefore, exclude the particle "not" from the description.
After you have done this, answer yourself the following questions:
How will I understand that there is ... (value) in my life?!
What will I see then? What I feel? What do I do then?
And so on for each of your priority values. In this way, you create a vision of your life in which you live in accordance with your values.
Now write practical steps, your action plan for the next month:
What do I want to do to have more in my life... (value)?
Through what practical actions and decisions can I realize my life priorities?
This exercise should be done slowly, thoughtfully, coordinating each choice with your feelings. Then, as a result, you will have the feeling that now everything has fallen into place, clarity and satisfaction from the work done will come.
You will understand what you really want and what is really important to you.
You will understand the difference between living according to "rational" reasons and living according to your values. In the first case, you live "correctly", and in the second - happily!
I wish you to find your core values and be happy!
