To understand how best to position a wooden or metal structure to the second floor and use the space underneath, you should figure out what structures exist in principle.
The staircase in an apartment or house varies quite greatly in its configuration. And depending on the total area of the room, one or another design is chosen for the second floor.
The most simple option It is considered a wooden straight single-flight staircase with comfortable steps that allow you to climb to the second floor without inconvenient turns. This design is characterized by large dimensions, but also great safety.
This option is staircase design It is also considered the easiest to create with your own hands. The most important and obvious disadvantage is its bulkiness. However, in order to save space in the house and not burden the interior, various modifications of the structure are used. It may have a twist. The staircase design to the second floor with a 90-degree turn is a great space-saving option for your home. It can also be made at an angle of 180 degrees. The only nuance that should be taken into account is that in this case the structure will have to be equipped with winder steps, and this will make it a little more difficult to create a staircase with your own hands.
Where and how to place the stairs to the second floor also depends on its elements. Typically the structure has steps, a frame and railings. Frames may differ depending on the design of the stairs and the material they are made of. They are made in the form of stringers, bowstrings or a support pillar if these are spiral staircases.
A frame in the form of stringers is two beams in the form of a ladder on which steps are installed. They can also be straight, in which case the steps are fixed to them using fillets. Stringers in the form of a ladder are perhaps the most common option when creating a wooden staircase structure. Such frames are the most ergonomic, so if you want to arrange a flight of stairs, then you need to use them in the design. However, it is important to keep in mind that they are less durable than, for example, bowstrings or stringers with fillies. They are not suitable for large stairs.
A more compact design will be obtained by creating a flight of stairs on one central stringer. It is usually made of metal. Span layout:
In addition to stringers, there is another option for attaching steps - bowstrings. This frame consists of two beams, usually made of wood, into which the steps are inserted into specially made grooves. Stairs to the second floor on bowstrings take up a little more space than on stringers.
If there is little space in the house, then spiral staircases are a good option. Their structures are equipped with winder steps leading to the rooms on the second floor along a pre-calculated radius. It is quite difficult to create it with your own hands, since it requires a serious and complex calculation of the stairs in the house. But it is this option that is preferable to place in a house with small area. Spiral staircases have another advantage over straight flights of stairs: they look very beautiful and can become a real decoration of the living space. A support pillar with winder steps fixed on it serves as a frame. Ideas on how to plan the layout of spans:
The ladder on the rails is a successful combination positive qualities straight and spiral flight of stairs. This design is a marching version, the steps of which are attached to the bolts. Usually it does not have a frame or is equipped with it only on one side.
What to do when you want to save space small house and do it at the same time interesting option do-it-yourself staircase designs to the second floor? You can pay attention to the “duck step” wooden structure. It can be located even in very small rooms, because it allows you to combine safety and ease of lifting even with a steep inclination. This is achieved thanks to the special structure of the steps, one part of which is created narrow and the other wide.
What determines the compactness of a staircase structure?
In addition to the correct choice of construction option, correct design of the staircase in the house, in which it will be reliable and compact, can help save interior space.
How convenient it will be to place it in the house depends on the angle of its inclination. The smaller it is, the more compact the structure, but at the same time, the more dangerous it is to lift. The most comfortable tilt angle is considered to be 30-40 degrees, but in this case the design of the flight of stairs will take up a lot of space. Alternatively, make it rotated at an angle of 90 degrees and place it next to the wall. However, if you create a “goose step” staircase with your own hands, then it may well be located in the house at an angle of 55-60 degrees.
The width and height of the steps of the structure can also determine the convenience of the staircase in the interior. But in this case, it is worth remembering that there are ideal parameters that determine the ease of lifting. Optimal height The steps are considered to be 17 cm, and the width is 29 cm.
If you are going to install a straight flight of stairs in your home, you will need straight steps, which are very easy to make yourself. To save space, when spiral staircases or straight staircases to the second floor with a turn are more suitable, you will need to know how structures with winder steps are made. These elements differ in that their width is not the same, but in shape they resemble a trapezoid.
The width of the flight of stairs should not be less than 80 cm. Optimal size is a width equal to 90-100 cm. Anything wider will eat up the useful space of the house. A flight that is too narrow will be inconvenient and unsafe for climbing.
How to place the stairs in the house?
To understand how much space the structure will take up, it is necessary to make a competent calculation of the staircase and determine how and where it is best to position it.
For example, screw structures with winder steps will occupy an area equal to its diameter.
When calculating, it is necessary to find out how many steps the structure will have. To do this, its height must be divided by the height of the steps. The height of the structure is equal to the sum of the distance from the floor to the ceiling of the first floor and the ceiling.
If the length of the staircase structure is too long, then it will be very difficult to fit it into the interior of the house. To do this, it will need to be divided into two parts and turned using winder steps or a platform. In this case, the length of the structure will be equal to the sum of the distance between the marches and the product of the number of lifting elements and their length. The calculation of a staircase with a turn also includes the width general design, which is the sum of the distance between its two parts. This distance should not be less than seven centimeters.
In total, you can understand how much space a structure will take up in the house and how best to position it by calculating its area. To do this, the found values in the form of length and width should be multiplied.
Naturally, it is more convenient to place the structure leading to the second floor in the hall of the house. However, not every home is spacious. If the hall is large, then the staircase in a private house can be made longer and wider. IN small space It is better to place it near the wall in the corner of the room. In this case a good option from the point of view of ergonomics and interior design, the design will be on bolts. It is fixed into the wall without taking up much space.
For those who consider the staircase structure not only from the point of view of convenience of location, but also from the teachings of Feng Shui, we can also highlight some rules for its installation.
Firstly, the lifting structure should not be located in the center of the room or in front of the entrance, but away from it. This is due to the fact that with this arrangement of the structure, energy flows can move freely throughout the country house.
Secondly, on the second floor the structure should not rest against the door. As a last resort, the door simply should not be closed.
Thirdly, Feng Shui experts advise placing the structure in the southwest, west or south. It is prohibited to build it in the northeast, which may cause loss of money.
If Feng Shui is not for you useful instructions, then screw structures will look especially good in the center of the hall.
Usually the staircase leading to the second floor is located in the corridor. It will look relevant in the living room only if the room is really large. Otherwise, it will take up useful space, making the room feel cramped. On the other hand, this does not apply to expensive and beautiful stairs, the purpose of which is to decorate the interior. The location of the structure must be thought out to the smallest detail.
A lifting structure in an apartment is not often found, but if the living space consists of two tiers, then you cannot do without it. In an apartment, it is better to use lightweight options that will save as much space as possible. Stairs on rails or narrow marching options on stringers are suitable. It should fit perfectly into the interior of the apartment, since usually in such a living space the overall design is formed from every structure or thing in the apartment.
When placing it, it is important to consider the safety of lifting. It is connected not only with correct calculation all its elements, but also in additional measures that need to be taken. For example, if the structure will be located on a rather dark side of the house, then it is important to consider the lighting. Although the best option It will be located near the window. IN evening time can the stairs be illuminated? LED strip. This adds color to any interior.
When organizing the safety of a ladder, it is important to consider the material from which it is made. For example, if the steps are made of metal or glass, then you can easily slip on them. Therefore, it is best to put special silicone liners on them. Wooden structures are often carpeted.
Construction of two-story houses is more preferable in small areas land plot. During construction there is a saving of some building materials, and the functionality of such buildings is much higher. A very important point in this is drawing up a plan and marking the stairs on it, without which existence in the house will be meaningless.
Project two-story cottage original staircase arrangement
It is necessary to understand that the smaller the opening, the steeper the stairs should be placed. Cool designs, as a rule, are installed in dachas, where traffic from floor to floor is not too intense, but for residential buildings such stairs can cause discomfort among residents.
Read also
How to quickly make a hatch into the attic
Types of stairs
By design, the following types of stairs are distinguished:
- Marching straight lines;
- Marching with a turn;
- Screw;
- Curvilinear.
Let's look at each type in more detail and find out what they are functional features.
Marching stairs
Diagram of the flight staircase
These stairs leading to the second floor are the most common and familiar in our opinion, however, they require the most usable area in the house. If during design flight of stairs turns out to be too long, then the plan and the designation on it of the staircase are divided into several parts, and at the same time it is transformed into a turning one.
Turning stairs are divided into L-shaped and U-shaped. In the first case, the turn between the marches will be a right angle, and in the second case - 180 degrees. To make the staircase more compact, the space between the flights is equipped with a step, which slightly reduces comfort when moving. You should choose a specific option, taking into account the layout of the house and its design features.
The device of a spiral staircase
Such stairs are considered the most compact and can be made from both wood and metal.
Existing types and types of stairs
Spiral flights allow such stairs to be placed on literally several square meters. In addition, the design of a spiral staircase looks very attractive and gives the interior a special look. Among the disadvantages, we can note some difficulties in operation due to the fact that the steps are winders.
When creating a plan for a spiral staircase, you should understand that it will be impossible to transport large cargo to the second floor along it, and also that the space under it cannot be arranged in a useful way.
In relation to residential private houses, the design of a spiral staircase is rarely used. Much more often it is erected as interior decoration or another place for transporting people to the upper level. It is also worth noting that with the help of a screw structure, houses for temporary stays are also equipped.
The spiral staircase not only looks chic, but is also very practical.
In this article we will look at the types of stairs to the second floor, their advantages and disadvantages. We will also understand the installation requirements, consider the materials and a brief description.
Requirements for installing stairs
There are the most various types stairs to the second floor. At the same time, the choice of design should be decided at the stage of developing the house project. As for their type and material of manufacture, they depend not only on design standards, but also on the design, as well as the area of the room. The approach to the stairs should be convenient, and the ascent should be as comfortable as possible.
Convenient location of the stairs to the second floor
Current SNiPs indicate that the choice of dimensions and location depends on:
- minimally permissible distance from the stairs to the end of the corridor (at least 1.6 m);
- the smallest march width future design(varies from 1.05 to 1.2 m);
- maximum slope of the march (not higher than 45 o);
- the ideal number of climbs in one march (at least two);
- number of steps in one flight (ranging from 13 to 18);
- the width of the platform between the flights (not lower than the width of one flight).
Important! These provisions apply only to structures inside residential premises. It is necessary to draw boundaries between internal, technical and external staircases. For the latter, these requirements may differ.
Everything else is a flight of fancy. And it is worth noting that now you can find unusual and even strange offers on the market.
Original stairs sometimes they are not very practical. Types of stairs to the second floor
There are many factors to consider when choosing stairs:
- design (with or without rotation);
- location (in the center of the room or against the wall);
- technical possibility (stationary or folding);
- price;
- material (concrete, wood, glass, etc.).
The most popular and convenient designs are: 1. L-shaped. Very common due to its simplicity. As a basis, take two marches, which are located at an angle of 90 degrees to each other. The marches are connected by an intermediate platform. This design has one turn.
An example of an L-shaped staircase to the second floor. 2. U-shaped. It is optimal to use in large rooms, as it is more bulky compared to the previous type. It is usually installed in houses with great height between floors.
The space under such a staircase can be equipped with a comfortable and spacious closet. 3. Marching. Simple, but the most cumbersome design of all.
Despite the simplicity of the design, it looks this type stairs can be very elegant. 4. Screw. Optimal for small spaces. It looks aesthetically pleasing, although it is somewhat inconvenient when lifting compared to other options. But they are the most compact. 5. On pain. 6. On bowstrings. 7. Modular.
Advice! If you are limited in space, choose a screw design (with a rotation). There is a wide variety of styles and shapes, so you can easily find the right one.
As for concrete stairs, they are installed extremely rarely in private houses. Often these are external stairs. Let's take a closer look at some types of structures.
Screw
Spiral staircases are installed where it is necessary to save space, and where a straight staircase simply will not fit . Not the best convenient option in use. Often such structures are installed in the basement or for access to the attic. Aesthetically they look very impressive. They are made in the shape of a square, circle or polygon, or with a smooth rotation. If it is located in ground floor, the most reliable will be a concrete base. The material used can be almost any. It is possible to order hardware with plastic, wooden, glass steps or brick. It can also be made entirely of stone, metal, wood. But not everyone can afford a staircase with a turn. The complexity of manufacturing and installation significantly affects its price.
A spiral staircase can become a real interior decoration. Marching
This type stairs have become the most popular thanks to:
- simplicity of the design itself and its installation;
- taking into account the mechanics of human movement. This gives comfort and convenience when descending and ascending.
The main feature of marching stairs is that they are installed only where there are many free space: at least 3 sq.m. However, there is an opportunity to save space. For this purpose, turning stairs with intermediate platforms are used. At first glance, such designs are quite complex, but they are quite realistic. The most popular are single-flight and double-flight designs.
Examples of single-flight and double-flight stairs Manufacturing material - concrete, plastic, stone, wood, glass or combinations thereof. It is possible to make a staircase structure using bricks. Today, the basis for sustainability is .
Stairs on rails
The name comes from the German “Bolzen” (bolt). The advantage of this type is ease of installation. Steel is often used as a material, which greatly simplifies the fastening of some elements. The diameter and number of steel rods affects the strength of the structure. The rods can be mounted in the ceiling, walls, floor or interior partition. Such stairs are compact and economical. The main requirement for them is location near a solid concrete wall. When choosing the type of stairs great importance is given to its design. It can be performed on bowstrings or bolts. Sometimes they are combined. To give the product a noble look, choose bowstrings. These are beams that provide the steps with support from below and on the sides. Loaches are metal fasteners, holding steps in the wall during frameless construction of stairs.
The staircase on the rails will fit perfectly into modern interior. To form the frame, metal elements are used; the steps are made of metal, concrete, wood, glass, brick and reinforced concrete. They look light and fragile, however, they can withstand heavy loads (up to 1.5 tons). This, coupled with a minimal set of components, makes them attractive. Usually this is a one-flight staircase. Installation of stairs on rails
Designs on bowstrings
The most elegant type of stairs, in which the steps are attached to a support beam with inside. Climbing and descending along them is very convenient, but installation is labor-intensive, which limits their use in the case of individual construction. You can familiarize yourself with the installation features of such a design in. The material used is almost any, except concrete. 
Modular stairs
Modular stairs to the second floor are popular because they have a number of advantages:
- affordable installation price;
- possibility without special skills due to simple design;
- good compatibility with any finishing materials;
- the ability to assemble structures of any type: screw, corner, combined configuration;
- Possibility of installation in rooms with any ceiling height.
May be with or without rotation. The word “module” is the key word, which covers the entire concept. Prefabricated system: assembled from parts that fit together. Thus, U-shaped and L-shaped stairs can be made. If necessary, the modules can be adjusted, making it possible to individually select the lifting height, its geometry, and form a unique shape of the structure. It can be steep uphill if you're comfortable with it. Assembling a modular staircase
The following types of modules for mounting staircase structures are distinguished:- welded (cast). There are pipes on each side of the module different heights and diameter;
- made of two components: a long pipe with a plate for fastening steps and a welded part with short pipes;
- consisting of several individual components that do not have welds.
The assembly of this staircase is similar to a constructor; installation is carried out independently, and it is not necessary to have special knowledge. Instructions are included with the product. Assembly takes several hours and is carried out by one or two people.
Assembly diagram of a modular staircase. Features of materials and installation location of the stairs
Wood is the most common material in the manufacture of staircases due to its environmental friendliness. However, according to requirements fire safety number of marches wooden structures there should be a maximum of two, that is, with one turn.
Classic wooden staircase. And here concrete stairs done only in extreme cases. Usually they can only be found in apartment buildings.
Important! The moisture content of wood used for construction is very important: its level should not exceed 15%. Otherwise, over time the steps will creak.
Metal is a strong and durable material. But stairs are almost never all-metal - the construction is too heavy. To reduce weight, metal is combined with wood, glass or stone.
Combination example metal stairs And wooden steps. An important point When choosing the type of structure, the location of its installation is important. For example, a wide and light staircase made of plastic or wood is more suitable for the hallway. This will make it possible to visually expand the room. The use of bricks is unacceptable here. For small ones premises will suit folding ladder. The vast majority of such structures are made of aluminum or wood. Since a folding ladder must withstand heavy loads, it is better if it is made of hardwood. Accordion designs are the most convenient because they can be easily removed to the second floor. By the way, folding stairs are perfect for climbing to the attic.
Folding ladder- This is a very practical and simple solution. A retractable design is an ideal way to optimize space and the ability to isolate the entrance to the second floor. To optimize space, the space under the stairs can be used for shelving or cabinets. It is also necessary to consider the lighting of these staircase structures.
Idea! A folding staircase is a great space saver and allows you to add some flair to your interior.
Let's sum it up
Of course, it is better to entrust the design and creation of a staircase structure to professionals. They can make it safe and easy to use. Concrete, iron, wood, brick stairs – Any of your ideas can be brought to life. Be that as it may, the design must meet the following criteria:
- be durable and withstand heavy loads; Stationary Metal stairs for a private house
Most houses have several floors. That is why stairs are installed in them. Today, consumers can choose from a wide variety of staircases. Different types are installed in houses various types. Their choice often depends on the size of the house and the style in which the interior is designed.
Stairs should be selected taking into account the size of the room, as well as the ease of their use in it.
For example, spiral staircases look very beautiful, but in most cases they are installed in houses with a small area. They are not very convenient when rearranging furniture, but they bring charm and elegance to the interior. Marching stairs are installed in houses with a large area, but installation in small houses is avoided.
Types of stairs:
- Screw. They are good to install indoors to save living space. For correct installation you need to calculate the dimensions of the space. To correctly calculate the size of the stairs, you need to take into account the size of the steps.
- Marching. Such stairs are designed taking into account the mechanics of movement. That is why they are very functional and easy to use. They are ideally installed in houses with a large area.
- On the Bolts. The staircase has this name due to the fact that its main elements are secured with bolts during installation. This type of staircase is convenient and advisable to install in small spaces. They keep it compact.
Each type of stairs has its own characteristics and characteristics. If you are planning to renovate a house with several floors, it is important to know the points that will help you choose suitable option stairs for a specific room. You should also carefully consider the choice of materials and methods of fastening, since the safety of movement on the stairs largely depends on them.
How to install a ladder in the corner of the house
You can place the ladder anywhere. But it is important to consider the size of the room and the functional features of the staircase. Massive and multi-level structures usually placed in the very middle of the room. Such a staircase acquires not only a functional, but also a decorative function.
If the house doesn't have much large area, it is better not to clutter the space, but to place the structure in the corner of the room.
In order for the staircase to be functional and at the same time safe, when installing the structure with your own hands, it is important to take into account the angle of its inclination. It is important to consider that if you make a flat staircase, it will take up more space than a steep staircase, which can become a source of injury. To climb to the second or third floor, it is important to position the staircase as correctly as possible, as well as choose the most convenient and safe design for this.
What quantities need to be taken into account during the design process:
- Height of the structure;
- Horizontal projection length;
- Tilt angle;
- Amount of elements;
- Riser height;
- Tread width.
The height of the structure placed in the corner will correspond to the distance between floors. It is important to take into account the width of the upper ceiling. The length of the horizontal projection is determined by a more complex method. To do this, you need to determine the number of steps, their height and width. It is important to take into account the fact that the installation of stairs for garden house and the apartment will be significantly different. Ideas for installing staircases of various types can be found on the Internet on specialized websites.
Arrangement of stairs in the house: structural elements
The design of any staircase consists of basic elements connected to each other. Various designs imply the presence or absence of any of the elements, each of which fulfills its purpose. Knowing the basics of staircase design will allow you to make and place the structure yourself.
Depending on the type of stairs, one step may have different sizes about two ends.
When choosing a structure and its elements, it is important to pay attention to their quality. The company must guarantee the quality of each element from which the structure will be assembled. If the choice is between two types of structures, you need to choose the one that represents the least dangerous look and the most functional.
Main elements of the staircase design:
- steps. They are formed by treads and risers. When choosing a tread, it is important to consider the size of your foot and the convenience of placing it on it. You need to take measurements in advance. The riser is the vertical part of the step, but it may be missing.
- Support beams. Serve as a basis for attaching steps. They are divided into three types. They can be a stringer, a bowstring or a pole. The first two options are suitable for the construction of marching type stairs, and the last one is suitable for a spiral type.
- Railing. Allows you to safely climb stairs. They are characterized by two parts. The first part is the handrail, the second is the baluster.
An example of how all elements of a staircase structure are formed into one can be found on the Internet. When installing the structure, you can seek help from to a professional master, which will calculate the sizes of the elements and their relationship to each other. After all the calculations have been made, you can begin installing the staircase structure.
How to install stairs in a house: choosing a location and material
Stairs vary in appearance. They can be installed outside, for example, on the facade. Or you can install it inside the house between floors. In many ways, the choice of stairs is initially influenced by the construction of the house. There are standards that must be followed when choosing the type of staircase and its installation.
Professionals advise making a choice of design and material even before building a house. For example, in a house made of timber or in a log building, it is best to install a wooden staircase.
After choosing a design, it is important to decide on the installation location. To do this, you should take into account the size of the room, the place where the exit from it is located, as well as the heating system, which should be placed at a safe distance from the stairs. Depending on the area of the room, the staircase can be located in the middle of the room or in its corner.
Installation of a staircase using the example of a screw structure:
- Decide on the materials from which the steps will be made. They can be wooden, concrete or stone. Wooden and concrete steps can be made independently. But the stone steps will have to be made to order. Modern production offers various options and types of stone steps.
- Install vertical stand. Depending on the design of the staircase, the stand can be stacked or solid.
- Addition of steps. To do this, the finished steps are strung on special pipe, and a clamp is made on top using a wider bushing. After installation, the steps are fanned out. Vertical brackets will strengthen the structure.
- Installation of railings. It is important that the handrails are curved and the balusters are made of solid material.
After installing the stairs, there will be cleaning - it will not take much time. Don't put too much emphasis on installation different types stairs. It is important to decide on the type of structure in your home. It is important that the stairs are made of good materials.
Modular staircase in a 6 by 6 house
When choosing a staircase, it is important to pay attention to the area of the room. For a house with an area of 6x6, you can choose a modular staircase design. This type of stairs has become widespread due to its ergonomics and ease of assembly.
Before proceeding with the installation of the structure, it is necessary to draw up a drawing of the interior of the room. This will help you choose the most suitable place for the stairs.
A modular staircase can be placed in the middle of the room or on the side. You can arrange the hall yourself using a modular design. Thanks to ergonomics modular designs can be installed anywhere, change the distance between steps and adjust the height of steps.
Advantages of modular designs:
- Variability of design;
- Easy transportation and installation;
- Possibility to make a purchase online;
- Self collection.
Price policy modular stairs diverse, since the designs differ in the quality of materials and the complexity of the designs. Our Staircase LLC offers customers wide choose quality designs for affordable prices. The company has a high reputation among consumers. Depending on the style of the interior, you can choose a staircase a certain color. Black, white, wooden, etc. are presented to the attention of buyers. design.
The location of the staircase depends on its type. One of the easiest types to install is a flight of stairs. The reliability and aesthetics of the staircase depends on the quality of installation.
Installing a staircase yourself will not be a problem, but it is important to strictly follow the instructions and not break the sequence of actions, since it will take quite a lot of time to redo the staircase.
A staircase is usually located in the center of the room, although it can also be placed in a corner. Each specific staircase must be installed individually, since the installation largely depends on the area and purpose of the room. The staircase will not only be functional, but will also help to refine the space and decorate it.
Step-by-step installation:
- Make treads and risers.
- Create support beams.
- Install beams.
- Install the steps.
- Place handrails.
A beautiful staircase can be used to decorate not only apartments and residential buildings, but also kindergartens and hospitals. And here is the entrance apartment building decorated with reinforced concrete stairs. When the idea arises to build a house with several floors, it is important to immediately decide on the type of staircase and its location.
Staircase to the house to the first floor
IN two storey building you can’t do without installing a ladder. This structure requires high walls, which affects the location of the stairs in two-level apartment or home. Installation of stairs in residential buildings requires compliance with the standards (SNiP) and rules for the installation of stairs.
Decorating a home with a staircase is important not only from the point of view of functionality; following the rules of Feng Shui, you can harmonize the space by placing the staircase in the right place.
Options for this design can be found on the Internet. The decor of the staircase can be made in different style. It is important to determine the color of the staircase, so that the space is harmonious; the curtains must match the style and color of the staircase or contrast harmoniously with them. If the stairs are dark, it is better to make the curtains light.
Groups of stairs:
- Household;
- Ramps;
- Attached;
- Evacuation.
When installing, it is important to maintain the angle of inclination. You can deviate from the rules if the building has a very small area, for example, a garage. But a slope of 23 degrees, when the ladder is almost lying down, is not at all suitable for installing a ladder indoors, except perhaps for a “doll’s” house.
Types of stairs to the 2nd floor in a house: photo
IN multi-storey building Stairs should be located according to certain standards. It is important to comply with the standards, since the safety of using the structure depends on them. Before placing a staircase in your own home, you need to determine its parameters, measure the area of the room, and draw up schematic drawings.
It is important that the staircase has high level security. In particular, the staircase, which is called “on the stringers,” can “boast” of this.
It is important to be very careful about the safety of stairs, no matter how many storey buildings it will be installed in, and in what type of house: brick or wooden. It is important that it is safe and easy to use. Choose the right steps according to your foot size.
Types of stairs:
- Closed;
- Open;
- Semi-closed (convenient to install in a bay window).
Combined stairs have a high level of safety. When installing a staircase, it is important to take into account the “youth” of the structure. Old building needs more careful and careful installation of the stairs.
DIY staircase in the house (video)
The content of this article could be expanded, since there is a lot of information about staircase structures. Installation of stairs in own house you can do it yourself. It is very important to install the staircase according to all the rules, since this will determine how durable the structure will be and how harmoniously it will fit into the interior, especially if it is in the field of view. And finally, I can tell you something interesting about stairs. For example, if you dream of a staircase, it means that a person is expecting personal growth and luck.
If a private house has more than one floor, you cannot do without a staircase. But besides the fact that it must connect the floors, the staircase must also fit into the interior. Therefore, when choosing a design, you need to pay attention not only to the dimensions and how much space it takes up in the room, but also to take into account the style. Then a hand-made staircase to the second floor will not only be a functional item, but also an interior decoration. The work is difficult and responsible, but you can do it.
Types of stairs to the second floor in a private house
All these structures can be made of metal, wood, concrete, glass, marble and others decorative stones, and often use combinations of these materials. But most often, the staircase to the second floor is made from wood, a little less often - from metal or combinations of metal and wood.
In addition, there are two types of degrees - open and closed. IN open stairs There is only a horizontally located part - the step itself; in closed ones there is also a vertical part - the riser.
Design standards
When designing a staircase, it is important to make it comfortable and safe. There are very specific numbers and recommendations that relate to the parameters of the steps and the general angle of elevation:
The number of steps is determined by simply dividing the height of the planned staircase by the selected riser height. For example, the height of the room is 285 cm. It was decided to make the elevation angle 40°. From the table we see that the height of the riser is 19 cm. Divide 285 cm / 19 cm = 15 steps. If the number turns out to be even, we slightly adjust the size accordingly to get an odd number.
If one of the steps turns out to be several centimeters smaller, this height is “taken away” from the first step. All others, including the last one, should be the same.
When choosing the size of the steps, comfort can be checked. If the double height of the riser is added to the selected step width, the result should be from 60 ms to 64 cm. The second test option is that the sum of the lengths of the tread and riser is optimally equal to 45 cm, but deviations of 2 cm in both directions are acceptable.
All these parameters must be taken into account when designing a house. If the house has already been built, you have to proceed from what is there and adjust the dimensions to the existing dimensions.
Spiral staircase
As already said, spiral staircase in a private home it takes up the least amount of space. But it has a serious drawback: it is uncomfortable to walk on, and it is almost impossible to lift anything bulky to the second floor. So they are not very popular, although they look good and fit well into any interior.
Calculation features
When designing a spiral staircase, it must be taken into account that in some positions there are other steps above your head. Therefore, it will not be possible to make small risers.
The next feature is that the steps are all unequal in width - narrower on one side, wider on the other. The narrow part is attached to the central support (post), the wide part is attached to the walls or balusters. The standard for the width of the tread is measured in the middle part, and the wide part should not be more than 40 cm.
The span width is from 50 cm to 100 cm. The entire structure is doubled - a square with a side of 100 cm to 200 cm is required.
Prefabricated column design
This type of spiral staircase is the easiest to make: a pipe is placed on which wooden elements- steps, intermediate cylinders, etc.
If we look in more detail, then except metal pipe(in this case with a diameter of 40 mm), steps and balusters (available in any design) there are turned wooden cylinders (segments) that set the distance from one step to another.
On the other hand, the distance between the steps is maintained using cuts on the balusters. The steps are attached to these grooves (with glue + fasteners).
Do-it-yourself installation of a staircase to the second floor begins with the installation of a pillar. A hole equal to the diameter of the pillar is made in the floor of the first floor and the ceiling of the second. We insert the pipe into the hole, put on the enlarged washer, and tighten the nut. Further assembly is simple: the corresponding elements are mounted on the rod, and in parallel with the installation of the step, a baluster is placed and secured. The dimensions of the steps for this spiral staircase with the given parameters are in the drawing.
The steps are cut from laminated boards or furniture board. You can use solid wood, but of furniture quality, that is, without any defects and dried, with a humidity of no more than 8-12%. Although laminated wood is considered more reliable: it will definitely not be damaged and will not crack when dried.
For an example of assembling such a design, see the video. It has a prefabricated pole, but you can also use a solid one, although assembling the steps will be inconvenient - you will have to climb the stairs every time.
The design of a metal spiral staircase is presented in the following video fragment. For those who are familiar with welding, this option will be easier.
Spiral staircase to the second floor: photos of interesting options
With or without railings - the choice is yours. In the photo on the right, a wooden spiral staircase on a bent stringer is a difficult element to execute. Forged twisted staircases are a classic of the genre.
Marching staircase to the second floor
Marching stairs are the most popular. Firstly, they are convenient to use, and secondly, the technology for their construction has long been proven. There are few specific features of the calculation. It is important to decide on the number of marches. One section should have from 3 to 15 steps. The most convenient ones have 11-13 pieces. If according to calculations it turns out that there should be more steps, they are divided into several sections, between which platforms are made. The dimensions of the platforms are multiples of the step length (600-630 mm). Then the ascent and descent will not cause inconvenience.
Kinds
Stairs with landings take up quite a lot of space. If there is not enough space, turns are added. The most common option is to place the staircase at the corners of two adjacent walls. Also, to save space, you can make winder (turning) steps instead of a platform. Just one point: the section with winder steps is the most dangerous. If the family has small children or elderly people, it is better to make a playground.
As has been said before, marching stairs made on stringers (beams with a sawtooth edge) and on terivs (just an inclined beam). Attaching steps to string beams requires more time and skill. Usually, a “seat” is cut out for each step - a groove is selected in the board. For additional reliability, bars are also nailed from below or corners are installed. The option with corners is reliable, but quite controversial from an aesthetic point of view. If the entire staircase is made of wood, metal parts very “cutting” to the eye. Carefully processed bars look much more organic. However, if the boards for the steps are thick enough and the string is wide enough, you can do without additional fasteners. In this case, it is important that the steps do not bend, otherwise they may jump out of the grooves.
Assembling steps on stringers is simpler: you have two or three supports to which parts cut to size are attached. The main task is to correctly mark and cut the stringers.
This is a staircase on stringers - one of the fragments of the assembly
Installation of a flight of stairs with step-by-step photos
Stringers are made from wide boards 75-80 mm thick and 350-400 mm wide. If there is no solid dry board, you can use glued ones. How to calculate the stringer is described in the form, but you can assemble the staircase to the second floor not only as a free-standing one.
An example of assembling a staircase on stringers against a wall is below. First we fasten support pillars, on which they will rely winder steps. We attach the upper stringers to these pillars.
Then we install the lower ones. We attach the stringer near the wall on top decorative board— it’s easier to clean and dirt is less visible than on the wall.
We attach the lower stringers - one to the post, the second to the finishing board
Intermediate stringers are installed in last resort. This makes it easier to connect all the elements.
The installation of steps begins. After they are cut, sanded and painted, everything is simple: put them in place, drill a hole for the screw, then tighten it.
The next step is attaching the balusters. In this case they are made from stainless pipe with wooden inserts. A hole is drilled under each baluster into which a tube is inserted and fixed with a pin or any other available method.
Photos of interesting marching stairs to the 2nd floor
Metal and glass - interesting combination Interesting idea, and at the end there is a pantry
