Gone are the days when the amenities of a private home or cottage were located on the street, and water had to be carried in buckets from a well. Today, the phrase “house with all amenities” implies, first of all, the presence of water supply and sewerage. And if things are more or less simple with the water supply (a well is drilled, water is supplied to the house), then the issue of sewerage has to be approached with all seriousness. And the point here is not only that the toilet must be warm and have a system for removing waste outside the house.

All water used in the home, including sewage and chemicals household products, enters the soil and is carried by groundwater. This causes significant damage to both soil fertility on the site and the environment as a whole.

Until recently, isolated cesspools with containers in which sewage was collected were widely used for waste disposal. When filling such a pit, it was necessary to call a sewage service; the machine pumped out the sludge and water, after which the sewage problem could be forgotten for a while. However, cesspools are always bad smell on site and regular expenditure of funds for sewage disposal.

Alternative option The cesspool today is a modern autonomous sewage system - a septic tank.

Peculiarities

A septic tank is a multi-level sewer structure where wastewater undergo a process of settling and filtration. Even an isolated type of septic tank differs from cesspools in its tightness and complex system waste treatment. As a result, the septic tank eliminates unpleasant odors in the area, and the purified water is discharged into the soil harmless to the environment.

There are cleaning systems different types, sizes and cleaning methods. Their choice will depend on the location of the site, availability of space and financial capabilities.

Septic tanks consist of several functional compartments connected to each other by pipes. The operating principle is as follows: wastewater from the house flows through sewer pipes into the first compartment, where the initial settling of water occurs. Dense masses settle, and the settled water goes into the next compartment for additional filtration. The more such reservoirs in the cleaning system, the cleaner water at the exit to the ground.

Passage through tanks determines the degree of deep or medium treatment of wastewater. Septic tanks - from the simplest to options with the latest equipment biofilters - sold in finished form, and their installation is usually carried out by teams experienced specialists. However, knowing the installation process and the rules for the location of cleaning systems, you can install a septic tank yourself.

Kinds

Whatever materials the septic tank is made from, autonomous sewer systems can be divided into three main types. This classification reflects the very principle of operation of the system.

Cumulative

Simplest a budget option septic tank, which is also the starting point in all other types of sewer systems. It is a container into which wastewater flows from the house through pipes. In fact, this type of septic tank is designed similarly cesspool, as it fills, it requires pumping out using sewage disposal equipment. Suitable for use in homes where permanent residence is not planned.

For example, if you visit your dacha only in the warm season and do not plan to install washing machine, shower stall or bathtub, then it is quite possible to empty the container once a season.

Sometimes storage tanks must be installed as needed. In cases where:

• there is not enough space near the house to install a full-fledged cleaning system;
• groundwater passes too close to the surface;
• there is a source nearby drinking water.

Sedimentation tanks with soil post-treatment

This type of septic tank is an intermediate option between a storage pit and a full-fledged cleaning system. Includes several sealed containers, in which the water settles and is discharged outside in purified form. An overflow septic tank can be two-chamber or three-chamber. The cleaning process is carried out in several stages.

• Once in the first reservoir, heavy substances settle to the bottom due to the force of gravity.
• The water, still polluted and cloudy, but already separated from heavy fractions, reaches a certain level in the tank and flows through pipes into the next compartment.
• Once purified, the liquid enters a filtration well, through which it seeps into the ground. In some versions of septic tanks, the system may end not with a well, but with filtration fields.

Cleaning tanks is required no more often than once every two to three years.

Septic tanks with biological treatment

Modern system filtration of septic tanks with biological treatment allows the outlet water to be used for irrigation or discharged into a reservoir without harm to the environment. Cleaning in a bioseptic tank occurs due to the work of bacteria, whose vital activity decomposes substances into microelements.

Bacteria create fermentation, which goes through two stages - acidic and methane. First, proteins, fats and carbohydrates are broken down into lower acids (acetic, butyric), alcohols, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. In the second stage, decomposition occurs to methane and hydrogen.

The mixture of these gases must be released into the atmosphere, so bioseptic tanks must be equipped with a ventilation system.

Materials

A wide variety of materials are used to make septic tanks. Simple designs with your own hands can be made of brick, metal or concrete rings. More modern septic tanks made from plastic and fiberglass.

Concrete rings

Due to their weight, they ensure stability and reliability of the structure. But this method has a number of significant disadvantages:

• the joints between the rings must be sealed hermetically, and it is not a fact that over time they will not leak;
• in wells made of concrete rings is present metal fittings, subject to corrosion, while the metal will constantly interact with an aggressive environment, which means that corrosion processes will not keep you waiting;
• lifting and installing the rings will require the use of lifting equipment, which will entail additional expenses.

Metal septic tanks

They are affordable and have significant weight. The weight of the product, on the one hand, is a disadvantage during transportation and installation, but on the other hand, it is a guarantee that the tank will not be subject to “floating” on heaving soils.

When purchasing a metal septic tank, you need to make sure that the material has undergone high-quality treatment with anti-corrosion and waterproofing agents.

There are also disadvantages. The metal has good thermal conductivity, so water in it can freeze, even if the device is located below the freezing point of the soil. If you do not take care of thermal insulation, then in a frosty winter there is a risk that the sewer system will simply fail. In exceptional cases, a sealed filler made of old barrel or tanks.

Brick septic tank

A fairly common type of pit for collecting sewage in the recent past. They make it in the pit brickwork, after which the joints between the bricks are sealed with cement or bitumen for waterproofing.

Polymer structures

This modern version sewer autonomous systems. Advantages of plastic and fiberglass containers:

• initial tightness, absence of joints that need to be insulated;
• resistance aggressive environment – household chemicals, caustic substances in wastewater will not destroy or “corrode” the plastic sheet;
• lightness of the material - to install a septic tank you do not need to hire lifting equipment.

But this material also has its drawbacks.

• Plastic is sensitive to mechanical damage from the outside and is subject to deformation. This concerns installation plastic septic tanks in clay and rocky soils.
• Plastic freezes and bursts when very low temperatures. In northern regions where the ground freezes thoroughly, fiberglass septic tank options should be considered. This material is not afraid of either temperature changes or deformation.

Element selection

To choose the optimal one sewer system influence:

• the size of the chambers based on the frequency of use, the number of people in the house, household and plumbing equipment using water;
• number of tanks for different levels of cleaning;
• free space on the site;
• remoteness of the location from neighbors and bodies of water.

Of no small importance when choosing sewer device has its layout and the principle of immersion in the soil.

Reservoirs can be vertical and horizontal, each type has its own characteristics when located on the site.

If space allows, preference is given horizontal system. The further away the final water outlet is located, the better. The horizontal layout of the septic tank is also chosen when high level groundwater.

Vertical tanks require less space, but they require a deeper pit. When positioned vertically, the container will be below the freezing level, which means there is a guarantee that the water in the tanks will not freeze, and the sewage system can function year-round. Vertical device excluded if groundwater flows close to the surface of the earth.

The level of groundwater, as well as the degree of soil freezing, can be determined using hydrometeorological stations in the area.

Location determination

When designing a site plan or a separate arrangement of an autonomous sewer system, it is necessary to take into account certain nuances. It will not be possible to place a septic tank, adapting only to the design of the house. The location of the system must comply with the rules and regulations prescribed by regulatory documents. The construction of a sewerage system requires mandatory approval from the sanitary and epidemiological service, to which an installation project must be submitted in advance in accordance with SNiP standards for the installation of septic tanks. This will allow you to avoid problems with legislation in the future.

The standards established for the construction of sewerage systems have good reasons: wastewater that is not properly treated leads to poisoning fertile soils, groundwater and, as a consequence, reservoirs. In addition to the environmental threat, there are a number of technological reasons. An accidental accident and depressurization of tanks can lead to flooding of the foundations of buildings, and untimely pumping overfilled containers during floods in the spring, rains, heavy snowfalls - lead to a splash of harmful substances onto the territory.

To avoid such troubles, the legislation clearly establishes rules and regulations regarding the distance from objects.

• From houses and any buildings on the foundation, as well as roads, gas pipes and the boundaries of the plots, the septic tank must be removed by at least 3-5 meters.
• From sources with drinking water– wells, springs, boreholes – 50 meters are provided. On light sandy soils the distance should reach 80 meters. If the terrain allows, then it is better to install the sewer system in a low-lying area relative to water sources.
• The location of the septic tank should be at least 30 meters from reservoirs with stagnant water (lake, pond, reservoir).
• From rivers and flowing streams - 10 meters.

The determination of distances is carried out individually for each site, depending on the composition of the soil, the relationship between aquifer systems, the location of buildings, agricultural plots, and trees.

Pit preparation

Having determined optimal place to install a sewer system, you should not rush to start digging a pit. If you dig a hole in advance before purchasing the structure, then there is a high probability of making errors in size, and there is also a risk of the inner layer of soil falling off and the pit being flooded with groundwater.

The dimensions and number of holes are calculated based on the configuration and dimensions of the purchased septic tank, as well as instructions in the instructions for the location of tanks. Do not forget that there should be a small amount of space in the pit so that the structure can be easily lowered to the bottom, as well as for laying insulation.

Some septic tank models require additional drainage tanks process water, which means there will be more pits. This should be taken into account during the design process.

As when installing any foundation, the bottom of the pit must be laid with a “cushion” of sand and gravel, on which the concrete slab for anchoring a septic tank. This is done so that during the process of changes in the soil the position of the installation is not disturbed, the septic tank does not rise to the surface, or rotate or tilt it. Otherwise, the material of the container may be damaged, depressurization of the tanks may occur, and malfunction of all parts may occur. sewer installation. The anchor plate is installed strictly level, the tank is attached to the plate with steel brackets with anti-corrosion treatment or polymer belts that can withstand an aggressive soil environment.

Simultaneously with the pit, trenches are prepared for laying sewer pipes. The depth of the pipes is calculated separately, since they must be at a certain slope so that water and sewage flow down evenly without forming blockages.

Installation stages

The installation of a septic tank is carried out in several stages. You should prepare in advance:

• ropes for lowering the structure into the pit;
• polystyrene foam as insulation;
• sand and shovels;
• brackets or polymer belts for fastening to the slab;
• water supply hose.

In order to cope with the installation of the structure without auxiliary equipment, you will need the help of at least four people, since one worker cannot cope with a voluminous product.

• The first stage the tank is lowered into the pit using ropes. As a rule, in plastic structures Mountings are provided specifically for these purposes. The installed container must be leveled and secured to the stove. If the septic tank was initially positioned incorrectly, it is given the desired position by swinging it on ropes and at the same time adding sand. As soon as the structure is level, sand is poured to approximately half of the structure.

• Second phase. Before you finally fill the septic tank with soil, you need to fill the container with water. This required condition so that under the fresh layer of soil the walls of the structure do not deform and subsequently disrupt the normal functioning of the septic tank. The sand around the installation should also be spilled with water to compact it.

• Third stage. Pre-prepared insulation is laid around the structure. It can be polystyrene foam, glass wool or other insulation material. Experts advise using thick sheets of polystyrene foam; this type of insulation will best protect containers from freezing. We should not forget that the septic tank lid, which will be located above the surface of the ground, also needs insulation.

• The fourth stage pipes are laid from the house to the tanks and between the tanks. If you are installing purchased equipment, then there should be no problems with laying pipes - the instructions describe step by step the entire diagram for connecting parts of the structure (for example, how to secure the aerator). It is only necessary to observe the angle of inclination and monitor the rotating elements in order to subsequently avoid blockages in the system. If corners appear when laying pipes, they are leveled with inspection pipes. Insulation of pipes is carried out upon request. At the stage of laying sewer elements, a ventilation pipe is also installed.

To connect plumbing fixtures to the water supply network, a flexible water supply is used. It is in demand when connecting faucets, showers, toilets and other water intake points, and significantly simplifies the installation process. Flexible eyeliner also used during installation gas equipment. It differs from similar water devices in its manufacturing technology and special safety requirements.

Characteristics and types

The flexible hose for connecting plumbing is a hose of different lengths made of non-toxic synthetic rubber. Thanks to the elasticity and softness of the material, it easily takes the desired position and allows installation in hard to reach places. To protect the flexible hose, there is an upper reinforcing layer in the form of a braid, which is made from the following materials:

• Aluminum. Such models can withstand no more than +80 °C and retain functionality for 3 years. At high humidity Aluminum braiding is prone to rust.
• Of stainless steel. Thanks to this reinforcing layer, the service life of the flexible water line is at least 10 years, and Maximum temperature transported medium - +95 °C.
• Nylon. This braid is used for the manufacture of reinforced models that can withstand temperatures up to +110 °C and are designed for intensive use for 15 years.

The fasteners used are nut-nut and nut-fitting pairs, which are made of brass or of stainless steel. Devices with different indicators permissible temperature differ in the color of the braid. Blue ones are used for connecting to a pipeline with cold water, and red ones - with hot ones.

When choosing a water line, you need to pay attention to its elasticity, reliability of fasteners and purpose. It is also mandatory to have a certificate that prevents the rubber from releasing toxic components during operation.

Features of gas connections

When connected gas stoves, speakers and other types of equipment also use flexible hoses. Unlike models for water, they have yellow and are not tested for environmental safety. For fixation, end steel or aluminum reinforcement is used. There are the following types of devices for connecting gas appliances:

• PVC hoses reinforced with polyester thread;
• made of synthetic rubber with stainless steel braid;
• bellows, made in the form of a corrugated stainless steel tube.

Santekhkomplekt holding offers engineering equipment, fittings, plumbing and devices for connecting it to communications. The assortment is represented by products and materials from famous foreign and domestic producers. Discounts apply for bulk purchases, and product quality is confirmed by standard certificates. For information support and assistance, each client is assigned a personal manager. The ability to arrange delivery within Moscow and to other regions of the Russian Federation allows you to quickly receive the purchased goods without unnecessary hassle.

Drainage is a drainage and drainage measure to remove excess groundwater.

If water does not leave the site for a long time, the soil becomes gleyed, if shrubs and trees quickly disappear (get wet), you need to urgently take action and drain the site.

Causes of soil waterlogging

There are several reasons for soil waterlogging:

• clay heavy soil structure with poor water permeability;
• aquifer in the form of gray-green and red-brown clays is located close to the surface;
• high groundwater table;
• technogenic factors (construction of roads, pipelines, various objects) that interfere with natural drainage;
• disruption of the water balance by the construction of irrigation systems;
• The landscape area is located in a lowland, ravine, or hollow. In this case, precipitation and the influx of water from higher places play a big role.

What are the consequences of excess moisture in the soil?

You can see the results of this phenomenon yourself - trees and shrubs die. Why is this happening?

• the oxygen content in the soil decreases and the carbon dioxide content increases, which leads to disruption of air exchange processes, water regime and nutritional regime in the soil;
• oxygen starvation of the root-forming layer occurs, which leads to the death of plant roots;
• the supply of macro and microelements by plants (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) is disrupted, because excess water washes out mobile forms of elements from the soil, and they become unavailable for absorption;
• intensive breakdown of proteins occurs and, accordingly, the processes of decay are activated.

Plants can tell you at what level groundwater lies

Take a close look at the flora of your area. The species inhabiting it will tell you at what depth the ground water layers are located:

• perched water - it is best to dig a reservoir in this place;
• at a depth of up to 0.5 m - marigold, horsetails, varieties of sedges grow - bladderwrack, holly, foxweed, Langsdorff's reed;
• at a depth of 0.5 m to 1 m - meadowsweet, canary grass, ;
• from 1 m to 1.5 m – favorable conditions for meadow fescue, bluegrass, mouse pea, china;
• from 1.5 m - wheatgrass, clover, wormwood, plantain.

What is important to know when planning site drainage

Each group of plants has its own moisture needs:

• at a groundwater depth of 0.5 to 1 m they can grow on raised beds vegetables and annual flowers;
• water depth up to 1.5 m is well tolerated vegetable crops, cereals, annuals and perennials (flowers), ornamental and fruit and berry bushes, trees on a dwarf rootstock;
• if the groundwater is more than 2 m deep, fruit trees can be grown;
• optimal depth of groundwater for Agriculture– from 3.5 m.

Is site drainage necessary?

Record your observations for at least some time. You yourself can understand how much drainage is needed.

Maybe it makes sense to simply redirect melt and sediment water along the bypass channel, rather than allowing it to flow through your site?

Perhaps it is necessary to design and equip a storm drain and improve the composition of the soil and this will be enough?

Or is it worth doing drainage system only for fruit and ornamental trees?

A specialist will give you the exact answer, and we strongly recommend calling him. But after reading this article, you will gain some awareness on this issue.

Upon completion of technological and production tasks related to the arrangement of the sewer system in apartment building, industrial building, and also in private households it is required to test the involved system using the forced flow method. This task is used to identify possible defects or incorrect installation of the entire involved sewer part and a system testing report internal sewerage and drains will be material evidence of the work on acceptance of the object.

A visual inspection should be accompanied by inclusion in the test report of internal sewerage and drainage systems according to SNIP, which is currently represented by the current regulations of the “D” series appendix, which corresponds to SP 73.13330.2012 “Internal sanitary systems of a building”, in Lately the new updated working edition according to SNiP 3.05.01-85 is applicable.

pros

• The issue of the likelihood of flooding is leveled out a-priory. Even if the soil on the site is classified as “problematic” in terms of configuration groundwater ny layers. No matter how close they are located, under control earthworks it will not be reflected.
• In winter the area is “bare”. The owners have long forgotten about the harvest, and the only difficulty is the bushes and trees. As a last resort, you can sacrifice a couple of bushes for the sake of installing a biorefinery station. Experienced gardeners They know that there is no need to uproot them - many varieties of fruit bushes can simply be cut off, leaving only a small trunk or roots. By the way, this is how the rejuvenation of old vegetation is carried out, so there will be no harm to the same currants or gooseberries; in a couple of years they will start producing berries again.

• Economical. It is enough to have a confidential, private conversation with an ordinary employee of a specialized company, and it will become clear that in winter the number of people wishing to install a biorefinery station on the site decreases sharply. This is the main reason why companies reduce prices for their services during this period. Moreover, they are forced to literally meet the client’s wishes and make additional discounts just to conclude an agreement. Winter is the time of year when the common expression “bargaining is appropriate” is more than relevant and gives good result in terms of cost reduction.

Minuses

An analysis of reviews from those who have already installed a biorefinery station on their site shows that there are disadvantages winter installation No.

If we sum up all the pros and cons, then only one conclusion suggests itself - you need to install a septic tank at a time of year when groundwater is as far away from the surface as possible. But is it really that simple?

What to consider . The optimal season is not the main question; rather, secondary. The main thing is the competent installation of both the biorefinery station itself and the sewerage route. What are the consequences of the slightest violations, miscalculations, knowing the peculiarity of this engineering system, no need to explain. That is why it is not the optimal time of year that comes to the fore, but factors such as soil characteristics, groundwater level, reservoir fullness, climate specifics, and so on. Without a professional assessment of all these points, taken together, it is somewhat naive to hope that there will be no problems with an autonomous sewage system. The most rational decision- contact specialists. The money spent on paying for their services is not commensurate with the amount (and much larger) that will be spent on eliminating malfunctions and their consequences. You may have to do some alterations, which is also associated with significant costs.

ALFATEP specialists are ready to advise residents of Moscow and the Moscow region on all issues related to the arrangement of an autonomous sewage system on the territory and the choice of a biological treatment station. One of the activities of this company is the installation of various engineering communications; including installation and connection to pipes of septic tanks and biotreatment stations of all modifications. You just need to call the number contact phone number 8 495 3084648, and any problem will be solved. At the request of the client, its employees will conduct a survey of the territory and give an informed opinion on all installation features treatment plant. At the same time, they will tell you what time of year is best to do this.

Accommodation in own home will be comfortable if the owners provide everything for this the necessary conditions. Few people are already attracted to the options of delivering water in buckets from a well, with a wooden toilet on the site. All this is acceptable for dacha conditions with periodic weekend visits, but it looks like a complete anachronism if the family lives in the house permanently. This means that normal housing must be equipped with water supply and sewerage. It's good if locality It is possible to connect to central highways and collectors. But such cases are quite rare, and more often it is necessary to create completely autonomous systems.

How to choose a septic tank - detailed instructions

Water supply is a separate multifaceted topic, and in this case we are interested in creating an independent sewerage system. Discharge of untreated wastewater into environment– is strictly prohibited. This means that it is necessary to install special structures or devices for collecting, settling, cleaning, and clarifying wastewater. In the practice of private housing construction optimal solution This issue is the use of special containers - septic tanks. Such an element can be built on our own or purchase it ready-made. This publication will discuss how to choose a factory-made septic tank, that is, what criteria for evaluating the product should pay special attention to.

What is a septic tank? The principle of its operation

Septic tank – essential element autonomous system sewer or treatment plant. And, although it is not a complete wastewater treatment scheme in itself, its role is extremely important.

The main purpose of any septic tank is to collect all sewage from a house (group of houses), settle it and carry out preliminary biological treatment of varying degrees of depth. The wastewater that has gone through this cycle is discharged into ground filtration devices or structures, or is subject to regular pumping using special equipment. In any case, it prevents the entry into the environment of contaminated wastewater that poses a chemical and bacteriological danger to it.

The most popular and common mistakes when installing septic tanks, which over time lead to unnecessary and expensive troubles. And in some exceptional cases even to an explosion and fire.

A septic tank (please do not confuse it with energy-dependent aeration treatment systems) is a single or multi-chamber container in which wastewater is treated primarily by anaerobic bacteria, with further soil purification.

Insufficient septic tank volume

SNiP 2.04.03-85 requires that each portion of wastewater remain in the septic tank for at least three days. In this case, the minimum required level of cleaning will be achieved. And the cleaner the water leaving the septic tank, the less often you will have to clean out the filtration well or replace filter systems, and the likelihood of bacterial contamination of the soil due to insufficient water purification is minimized.
According to standards, it is generally accepted that the volume of wastewater per person per day is 200 liters. You also need to take into account such a parameter of septic tanks as the maximum salvo discharge.

Cement-sand filling has not been made

For plastic septic tanks, backfilling must be made from a mixture of sand and cement in a ratio of 1:5. Under the influence of moisture in the soil, it will turn into a protective cement casing, which will protect the septic tank from heaving of the soil when it freezes, as well as from other movements in the soil.
If the pit with the septic tank is simply covered with earth, when the soil freezes or moves, it will put excessive pressure on the body of the septic tank, which can lead to its damage and further bacteriological contamination of the soil with untreated water.

The top part has not been insulated

The upper part of the septic tank should be covered with insulation and only then covered with earth. The insulation will help keep the temperature of the septic tank as high as possible and protect it from freezing in winter during seasonal operation.
Typical wastewater temperatures are in the range of 10-16°C. The higher it is, the more active the vital activity of microorganisms will be, and the faster the wastewater treatment will be carried out. Most anaerobic bacteria are active at temperatures from 8 to 30°C (the higher the better). If the water freezes, the bacteria die, and water purification will subsequently stop.

Lack of attachment of the septic tank to the slab at high groundwater levels

If the groundwater level is high and exceeds the water level in the septic tank, it will begin to float like a real ship. The higher the water level in the ground, the stronger the Archimedean force will act. To prevent floating, the septic tank is placed on concrete base and before sprinkling they are secured with anchor straps. However, there are many ways to combat ascent.

No ventilation or drain pipe

The sewer pipe is a continuation of the sewer riser. It is displayed on the roof at a level of 15-50 cm above it. It removes the resulting gases from the septic tank, and also prevents the formation of air vacuum in the pipe during burst discharges.
The vital activity of bacteria is accompanied by significant gas formation. There is carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen sulfide. The last two are explosive. Therefore, gases need to be ensured to escape freely as quickly as possible. This is what can happen if you neglect ventilation.

But that's not all. Instant drain large quantity water creates a vacuum in the pipe, which draws water out of the water seals (siphons), thereby disrupting their operation. If the water seal has ceased to fulfill its role, odors and gases from the septic tank will enter the room. The drain pipe compensates for these vacuums and also removes gases outside, and not into the room, in the event that the water seals dry out due to a long break in operation. Also, in the absence of a drain pipe, a situation is possible where gas can pass through the water seals if the septic tank is tightly closed.
Another important point. Fan pipe cannot be posted on external wall facade. And above the roof of the heated room, the pipe should rise only 15-50 cm to avoid frost formation and clogging in winter. After all, warm and humid air will flow through it.

Using gray pipes

Inexpensive pipes gray Designed for indoor installation. Used for installation underground special pipes external sewerage(they are often painted red), which have a higher degree of hardness (marked SN4 - SN8).
When the ground freezes, gray pipes can be compressed, causing wastewater to enter the soil or the pipe to become clogged.

Incorrect pipe slope

Many people know that the bias sewer pipe should be at least 2 cm per meter of length, and it is believed that the larger it is, the better. But that's not true. With large slopes, large fractions do not have time to be picked up by the liquid and can accumulate inside the pipes, which can lead to blockage.

Planting trees closer than 3 m

Tree roots are quite capable of breaking the tightness of the septic tank over time, therefore planting trees close to each other is not recommended. But planting one or two birch trees near a filtration well will significantly increase moisture removal. After all, an adult birch tree can absorb up to 400 liters of water per day!

Thoughtless introduction of bacterial additives

The use of bacterial preparations intended for cesspools will trigger a violent gas formation reaction in the septic tank, which will raise a lot of sediment from the bottom, which will lead to its removal from the septic tank and silting of the filtration system.
You should also avoid various bioactivators. They contain artificially grown cultures of bacteria, which, as a rule, do not reproduce and simultaneously suppress the activity of natural bacteria.
The best option for starting the processes is to transfer sludge from another long-running septic tank at the rate of 15 liters per person. As a last resort, you can use sludge from cesspools, provided that it has lain there for more than a year. If you do not add sludge at all, normal operation of the septic tank will begin only after six months or a year.

Failure to comply with rules and regulations

The rules are determined by SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and structures", as well as SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00 " Hygienic requirements to the protection of surface waters." Failure to comply with the rules may result in fines, forced dismantling of the septic tank, and other “pleasures.”
The septic tank should be located from residential buildings at a distance of at least 5 meters, from the neighbors’ fence at least 2 meters. The water intake points, with a guaranteed lack of connection between the layers, are at least 20 meters away. At least 5 meters from a busy roadway. To reservoirs - at least 50 meters.
It is also necessary to take into account the possibility of access by a machine to pump out sludge and locate the septic tank no further than 10 meters from the access point.
Failure to comply with certain standards threatens the erosion of foundations, bacteriological contamination of drinking water and conflicts with neighbors.