What should every self-respecting owner of a country plot have? Of course, first of all, the toilet. You can't go anywhere without him. A latrine is an important component of a comfortable stay in nature. And how to make it with your own hands and at the same time save money, this is what we will talk about.

Modern tendencies

We must remember that the latrines of today are significantly different from those of several decades ago. What is this connected with? First of all, with the change in the environmental situation, which is not for the better, which is why the requirements for sanitary standards have become stricter.

Innovations in the field of waste processing and disposal, which have become more accessible to the general public, also played an important role. Modernity dictates its own rules regarding the design and comfort of toilets, and this is reflected in preferences. The place where people relieve themselves should now be not only ergonomic, but also attractive.

Based on all of the above, you can slowly begin building a toilet on your own summer cottage. We will touch upon the topic of capital structures made of brick and concrete lightly, but will pay more attention to the external design, which is also of great importance. Like, for example, in this photo:

Of course, the external attractiveness of a latrine is important, because it is much more pleasant to relieve yourself in a beautiful environment. But first of all, you need to take care of the construction process itself and find out what and how to do in order to get a good result. Points that you should definitely consider when building a toilet at your summer cottage:

1. Based on external factors, you need to choose a method of waste neutralization, type of drainage and drainage system.
2. Choose the exact location where the toilet will be located.
3. Think about what the appearance and design of the booth will be. This also includes external and internal design.
4. It is imperative to draw up a cost estimate in order to more or less accurately calculate future costs.

Solving these issues will require a certain amount of money, energy and time. Moreover, the easiest and least expensive of all the links is the ground structure (cabin or booth), but the rest will require a lot of work. But let's start, after all, with the booth.

Cabin (booth) for the toilet

So, most optimal material For the cabin, wood is considered. It has excellent qualities, such as: resistance to temperature changes, the ability to retain heat, resistance to the proliferation of harmful microorganisms, ease of processing and environmental friendliness. There are also parameters in which wood is in an advantageous position compared to other materials. But more on that later.

Supports and foundation

As for the basis for the toilet, that is, the foundation, then, oddly enough, you can do without it. And that's why. The fact is that with seasonal shifts in the soil, deeper layers undergo greater changes, while the surface layers can move by 5 centimeters on average. This will not at all disturb the stability of the cabin, perhaps just a little, which will be completely unnoticeable. And piles, foundation strips and pillars, on the contrary, tend to be more skewed.

If it is decided to install the foundation, then this must be done before the cold weather in order to avoid the above-mentioned problems. The exception is foundations that are well buried in the soil; these can easily withstand winter and frost.

So how do you install a cabin without a base?

Everything is very simple. For this purpose they take concrete pillars for trellises, and a booth is installed on top of them. You can also place the booth on ready-made reinforced concrete monoliths or bricks. But the first option (columns) will be better. In the southern regions, trellis posts are often used for vineyards, and where the climate is not so mild, they are used for climbing plants.

Trellis posts are produced in lengths from 1.2 to 6 meters, with dimensions from 10X12 to 20X30 centimeters. They have a trapezoidal cross-section. On the larger side there are wire rod rigging eyes ranging in size from 6 to 12 millimeters, on the smaller side there are rounded corners. To get the pins on which the booth will be attached to the base, you need to saw the eyes in the middle part with a grinder and straighten them.

If a cesspool is provided for the toilet in advance, then you don’t have to worry about the safety of the rear beam of the cabin, which serves as a support. In this case, the negative chemical environment is not dangerous for the tree.

If your summer cottage is located in an area where there are frequent winds, then the cabin still needs to be strengthened. Profiled pipes (40x40x2) or support posts made of timber (80x80) are well suited for this. In this case, the metal base needs to be concreted about half a meter below the humus layer, and the wooden base must first be treated with hot bitumen, then with rough roofing felt with sprinkling, and then dug to a depth of 30 centimeters.

Structures, cladding and materials

As a rule, 4 types of lumber are used for the cabin. This:

• edged and unedged boards (“twenty”) or roof slats measuring 50x20;
• for cladding on the outside - edged or tongue-and-groove boards with dimensions from 20 to 30 millimeters;
• For flooring and toilet seat - tongue and groove boards (40X (120-150));
• frame beam (80x80 or 60x60).

You can replace the sheathing board with OSB (8X20 thick) or waterproof plywood. By the way, you can cut laths from OSB for sheathing. A little more expensive, but in some respects even better, is a tongue-and-groove for sheathing.

The best option for covering the cabin with tongue-and-groove boards is horizontal cladding with belts. In this case, the ridges of the tongues should be directed upwards, and the grooves downwards, which will protect the sheathing from the accumulation of unnecessary moisture in the tongues. The door is sheathed vertically.

If the design plan includes curved sections, then it is best to cladding it with boat boards according to the marine type, as shown in the figure. This will be especially good for places where there is precipitation. a large number of precipitation, but slightly worse for windy areas, for which it is optimal to use tongue and groove. By using electric jigsaw with a rotary shoe, you can make an edged one from a boat board. In this case, it is important to observe the angle of inclination of the visor of the board, which should be within 30 degrees. It should also be taken into account that the canopies of the boards should be directed downward along the slope, as shown in the figure.

It is important to know that after pruning, solid lumber must be treated with special preparations that prevent putrefactive processes -. Afterwards, it is necessary to impregnate it twice with a water-polymer emulsion. This product is affordable and can provide good protection against dampness for many years. You should definitely adhere to a strict impregnation sequence. Otherwise, PVA glue simply will not allow the biocide to cover the wood protective film. It is better to treat materials for covering the toilet seat and flooring (from the inside), which face the cesspool or the ground, with bitumen mastic or hot bitumen.

Appearance of a toilet for a summer residence

A wooden toilet in a country area is traditionally made in 4 architectural forms, which have funny names. See pictures.

• birdhouse;
• hut;
• house;
• hut.

In the photo you can see the types of wooden toilet stalls.

These models do not have significant differences, but there is a difference between them. Which? Let's consider this issue in more detail.

11 drawings of the country toilet “Birdhouse”

It is even simpler in design, and requires very little land for it. But the structure is considered not very durable, and the “birdhouse” is prone to blowing and does not hold heat well. By the way, these disadvantages apply to all buildings with a pitched roof type. The design of such a structure as a birdhouse toilet is kept to a minimum. But this model is perfect as a summer toilet, on the roof of which you can install a pressure water tank, where the water will be heated by the sun. In addition, such a “load” contributes to greater stability of the cabin. Also construction of this type can be used as a room for household needs.

3 drawings of the country toilet "Shalash"

The advantages of this model are: resistance to precipitation and winds, strength, simplicity of design, low material consumption. Disadvantages: it requires a considerable amount of land for construction, as well as the inconvenience that if you miscalculate the capacity a little, you can hit your head, and on both sides. Therefore, you need to take the height along the ridge at least 3 meters, but then you won’t be able to save materials.

8 drawings of the country toilet "House"

The type of toilet called "house" is the most popular. Its design is considered better than a “birdhouse” in terms of strength, and the same amount of land and materials will be needed for construction. A “house” is also more suitable for realizing design fantasies, although it will be more difficult to install a water tank.

6 drawings of the country toilet "Izbushka"

The “hut” is the most complex in design, however, it is very durable and can withstand any vagaries of weather. An interesting cut gives room for imagination; the “hut” can be decorated in any way you like. Well, functionality and ergonomics are generally at their best! Inside you can arrange a hanger, washbasin and shelf, and this will not take up extra space.

Dimensions of a toilet for a summer residence

The permissible dimensions of the “house” and “birdhouse” on the floor (taking into account the toilet seat) are from 1.5 meters deep and from 1.2 meters wide. The same 1.5 meters for depth are taken for a “hut” with a “hut”, while the traditional width is 0.9 meters. In a hut, this is calculated by shoulder level (within 1.6 meters from the floor for a person of average height with shoes on); in a hut, measurements are taken along the floor. It is noteworthy that in “Khrushchev” buildings, which are built using blocks, there are toilets measuring 0.7X1.1, but they are not designed for entering in outerwear and country shoes.

However, to build a toilet on a summer cottage, it is still permissible to reduce the width to 1 meter.

According to the rules, there should be at least 40 cm from the head of a person in a standing position to the wall, this is especially important when calculating the angle of inclination of the walls of the hut. In this case, the height from floor to ceiling is optimally 2.1 meters, and above the toilet seat - 1.9 meters. The height of the side of the toilet seat from the floor should be within 50 cm, in contrast to the standard option adopted in apartments, which is 40 cm.

The “birdhouse”, “hut” and “house” models have one common, but in a certain sense, significant drawback: if you do not lock the door, then within 10-20 minutes both the door and the booth will become loose. If this happens repeatedly, the toilet stall risks losing stability. To prevent this from happening, you just need to install the door on barn hinges (as shown in the figure), and then there will certainly be no cause for alarm. Because of its strength, the “hut” is not in danger of loosening, so its door can be safely attached to secret hinges.

Construction of a booth

The simplest is to install a “birdhouse”, and the installation process is carried out using 100 mm nails for 60 mm timber or 150 mm for 80X80 mm timber. The sheathing is nailed with 60-70 mm nails.

The entire process of building a birdhouse is shown in the pictures.

Algorithm for constructing a birdhouse model toilet:

1. Take roofing felt, then cover the corner slabs (columns) and the load-bearing belt with it. The roofing material should be simple, without sprinkling.
2. Then immediately assemble the lower support frame from the timber. Processing is required. Why right away? Because roofing material that is not adapted to ultraviolet rays can quickly deteriorate.
3. Then the floor is laid to the front edge of the toilet seat. The pieces of the remaining frame are filled with boards of the same thickness as for the floor. About processing (especially with inside) also don’t forget.
4. We prepare the back and front frames, while the joints are cut into half the tree.
5. The backdrop and front frame are nailed to the bottom and reinforced with ties. The ties should be 1/4 embedded.
6. The frame for the toilet seat is made in the same way.
7. The toilet seat needs to be sheathed, then the seat window needs to be cut out, and then we can start covering the walls.
8. Assembling roof cladding.
9. The roof deck is made of any rigid roofing material. A figured window (the so-called “ace”) is cut out in the door leaf and above the door itself.
10. The door canopy is made and the corners are sheathed.

Now the room is quite suitable for use.

Of course, when constructing a waste site, other types of buildings are also used, which are shown in this video:

DIY country toilet: video

“Izbushka” is also a fairly popular model, but it is also more difficult to build. Therefore, below are projects that indicate exact calculations of the material and cutting of the boards. An example drawing is also provided. It should be noted that the door in the “hut” has a high degree of strength and can withstand any bad weather, even strong winds. Even if the owner forgetfully leaves the door open for some time, the wind, of course, will loosen it, but will not damage the door leaf and repairs will be kept to a minimum.

Design of a toilet cabin model “hut”: photo

Below are less detailed drawings of several more projects: “birdhouse” (second option), “house” and “hut”. However, for those who have already understood how to build a “hut”, it will be much easier to understand the above models.

Toilet in the garden

There are certain factors (which will be discussed at the end of the article) due to which it is better to install the “house” and “hut” models in the depths of the garden, that is, among the trees. But the construction of a latrine in the garden has a number of features. We won’t describe them in detail, it’s better to watch the video and you’ll understand everything yourself:

Construction of a toilet in the garden: video

Outbuildings

In suburban areas, it is traditional to combine a toilet, shower and outbuildings. Also sometimes rooms are attached to them summer kitchens and a place where you can hide from rain or wind (if there is no house on the site). This is all completely correct and justified. And that's why.

The fact is that in a summer cottage, the amount of “gray” water that ends up in the drain after using water in the shower or in the kitchen is significantly less than fecal water. And compared, for example, with residential building, the drainage volume is small. Therefore, it makes no sense to make this same drain separate. An acceptable and frequently used option for waste disposal in a utility room is a cesspool. Below are examples of how to make a utility block along with a shower and toilet in a summer cottage.

Plan of the utility block "Cheburashka": photo

This model of a utility room with a funny name was invented during the Khrushchev Thaw. Sets of parts for the Cheburashka can be purchased now, and, what’s most interesting, under the same names as before. The big advantage of this option is its reasonable price, functionality, simplicity and minimum footprint. In this case, the support pillars are concreted or dug directly into the ground (corrugated pipe 40x40x2, and timber 100x100). Sheathing is currently done using corrugated sheets, but previously it was customary to sheathe with slate.

The presented figure shows several plans for utility units, more complex in design:

Layout of utility blocks with a “change house”: photo

They consist of large rooms that include a barn or warehouse, a shelter from the weather, and a kitchen. Also, such a room requires the installation of a window in it. You can also arrange a mini-room with a sofa, table and chair. Entrance to the shower and toilet is from the street. So, a considerable area of ​​​​such a building is quite a winning option.

The figure below shows a utility room, which is optimally suited for its construction in the corner part of the site. This option involves installing a washbasin according to the summer type, that is, on outdoors. The main difference of this type of structure is its maximum compactness and very small dimensions. It is noteworthy that the plan of the building is brick, but if it is made of wood, then the size of the premises in the plan can be reduced to 2x2 meters.

cesspool

And this picture shows a diagram of the construction of a utility block and a toilet in the yard. Reflector 1 deserves special attention, which is
one of the main components of the toilet, because it directs excrement to the front drain hole. Then the entire mass gradually slides into the so-called pumping pocket. During this process, the shed masses are mixed with bacteria. It is thanks to the reflector that the correct biocenosis occurs. If you do not use it, then you will need a hole 2 times deeper and larger in volume. “Grey” waste can drain into a pit without a reflector and also end up in the front part. In order to avoid infiltration into the ground, it is imperative to use a blind concrete box 4 and a clay lock 3. An inspection and cleaning door 2 is also extremely necessary.

Country toilet in the house

It is quite possible to install a country toilet at home, however, you need to know important rules and decide whole line problems that you may encounter during the installation process. So:

cesspool

It must be remembered that draining wastewater into a well with infiltration into the ground is almost impossible. Otherwise, you will have to adhere to certain distances that are prescribed in sanitary standards. This:

• a distance of at least 30 meters from water supply sources is accepted, and with traditional geology (in middle lane) - from 50 to 80 meters;
• the distance from plantings of food crops and stagnant bodies of water should also be 30 meters;
• the distance from flowing bodies of water (rivers and streams) is taken to be 15 meters;
• from road surfaces and buildings - 5 meters;
• from the border of the site, bushes and non-fruit trees - from 2 meters.

It should be borne in mind that these rules apply not only to objects on your own plot, but also on neighbors’ plots. And, as they say, you can’t joke with this, because in case of violations on your part, the law will be on the side of your neighbors.

Therefore, it is very important to understand that a toilet in a summer cottage must be built with a blind type cesspool. Modern and improved products designed for cesspools can help with this. Sanitary barrels usually travel out of town once a season, and by making an agreement with your neighbors, you can divide the cost of the call among those who use the services.

Summer residents who are able to make something on their own plot on their own have not ignored the cesspool. The video below shows how to make a cesspool with your own hands.

DIY cesspool: video

Smell

Installing a toilet with a flush system and a siphon is not permitted even in areas that have a constant water supply. Why? The fact is that due to water there will be an excess accumulation of moisture, which can have a detrimental effect on the bacteria that we really need that live in the pit. As a result, an almost emergency situation may occur and you will have to call a special service and carry out serious cleaning.

However, installing a backlash closet does not exclude the possibility that unpleasant odors will not penetrate into the room. This can happen for rather trivial reasons: due to the blowing of the ventilation draft by the wind and its surges. But there is a solution to this problem. In order to avoid the above-mentioned misunderstandings, you need or breather. It is a ventilation with forced draft, due to which a pressure below atmospheric is formed in the pit.

You should not install a fan on the breather duct - this will do absolutely nothing. After all, ordinary household fan will not be able to function for a long time in an aggressive environment. There are special fans designed for such purposes. However, they are quite expensive. Such fans must be explosion-proof, and they will also need to be cleaned frequently.

In a house with heating, it will be quite easy to install a country closet. Options for boiler and furnace are shown in the pictures. How to do it? One of the most important links is the installation of a backlash channel with thermogradient draft under the breather. You also need to pay attention to the fact that the breather pipe must protrude at least 70 cm above the ridge of the roof and the mouth of the chimney. And in order for the hood to function well even in the warm season (when there is no heating), you need to take a metal pipe and paint it black, which, as you know, attracts heat on sunny days.

There are also toilet options for cottages without heating. Which? To begin with, let’s give an example: in the first “Khrushchev” buildings, fairly large toilets were installed, and the flush was so powerful that no brushes or other attributes were needed. This draining force was achieved due to the fact that the barrel was suspended almost from the ceiling, the height of which was 2.8 meters. On the side of the barrel there was a chain with a pear, with the help of which the draining process was carried out. Thus, the height of the flow of water falling down was about 2 meters.

The noise that arose as a result of the release of water was very loud. Subsequently, they came up with models of compact toilets, where the barrel was located on the back side of the seating area.

At first, the toilet bowls were shaped like sinks with a basin, but with low water pressure, the contents were almost impossible to flush away. Then they came up with toilets with an oblique flush, which was much more convenient. This type of toilet is shown in the figure.

Not so long ago, your humble servant also decided to improve the toilet in a suburban area. I wanted to buy something with a siphon so that there would be no unpleasant odor. A toilet with an oblique flush can flush even without good water pressure. But what if we make pressure, as in Khrushchev’s? This will save water, and the quality of the drainage will remain high.

At first I thought of buying an inexpensive compact toilet without a dispenser, in which water can be flushed as long as the button is pressed. Then it would be necessary to raise it higher. But then I thought that it would be inconvenient: to stretch high, water is given by the hour, so I additionally need to buy a pressure storage tank.

As a result, I took a “sink” with a direct downward outlet. For water, I took a 50-liter plastic barrel and hung it from the ceiling. I decided to supply the flushing water using two pieces of corrugated plastic through a ball valve with a handle so that it could be opened more sharply.

I was pleasantly pleased with the result, because it only took up to 3 liters of water to flush. And if you calculate the number of flushes per day from a tank with a capacity of 50 liters, then it turns out from 15 to 25 flushes per day. On top of that, the bacteria in the pit feel great in this situation!

It is noteworthy that the cabins described above can also support tanks with a volume of up to 200 liters. However, you should not install them, because frequent draining will oversaturate the pit with moisture, and its contents will begin to overflow and sour. I don't think anyone needs this.

Without cesspool

You can make a country closet without a cesspool in the form of a dry closet. But for any sewerage, natural or artificial bacteria are used, and it turns out that this is “bio”. Also, when purchasing a dry closet, you can buy something that is not “bio” at all. Therefore, we need to better understand this topic and figure out how to receive and process wastewater bypassing the sewer system. In other words, how to install an autonomous toilet on your property.

Public “autonomous” toilets can process waste in two types, biological and chemical. It happens that all this is combined, depending on the connected cartridge. “Chemists” process wastewater in two ways:

• strong oxidizing agents of inorganic origin;
• organic abiogenic reagents (for example, formaldehyde).

Also, “chemists” have a high absorption and throughput capacity and are expensive in price. The contents of the cartridge are toxic; its disposal and refilling is carried out by specially trained people using special equipment and protective equipment. Consequently, in normal household conditions, chemical toilets are practically not used.

In biotoilets, biocenosis is carried out thanks to specially grown crops. It turns out that the blind cesspool, in which the latest antiseptics are used, is also a dry closet. Below are options that do not require pumping and without the accumulation of liquefied wastewater.

It is interesting that a type of toilet was previously used, which has survived to this day and is successfully used today. This is the so-called. There is also a variety of it: powder-closet. They are slightly different from each other, but also have a lot in common. The most important thing is that they use natural bacteria from bogs saturated with peat. These microorganisms have important properties. What kind? They are inactive and process little wastewater (based on the net volume of the crop). However, their main advantage is their extraordinary vitality; these bacteria also tend to hibernate and wake up when favorable conditions occur.

It is customary for a composting or simple peat toilet to have a container with stone drainage of 40-200 liters. It will ensure the absorption of excess moisture, and then it will gradually be able to release it. A breather is also needed to absorb harmful gases. Both are very important for a peat toilet, since without these two components the emergence of a stable culture is impossible; it can dry out, fall asleep, sour, or even die.

Plus peat dry closet ease of use is also considered. After visiting it, you just need to pour peat chips into the funnel. The contents of the collection should be periodically shaken out onto the compost heap. After 2-3 years, the aged, disinfected and fermented compost is suitable as a fertilizer. However, a composting toilet cannot withstand overloads, like a powder closet, and does not eliminate unpleasant odors. If, for example, a party is expected at the dacha for several days, then after it it is guaranteed that the dry closet will need to be cleaned and refilled.

IN self-contained toilets improved high efficiency bacteria are used on the microflora, which are obtained by genetic engineering. The most important thing is that they are completely harmless to people, they have been successfully used since the 80s of the last century and they have long been tested for “strength”. The process of changing a culture cartridge is very simple, it is no more complicated than changing a baby's diaper. But its contents must be recycled, as it is not suitable for fertilizer. If you spend 1-2 days a week at the dacha, then one cartridge cartridge is enough for the whole summer, and 2-3 replacements will be needed for the season. It must be said that there are quite a few varieties of cassettes and it is very important to be able to understand them so as not to purchase a fake.

For example, you should not buy an expensive cabin (as shown in Figure 1 below). Of course, it is comfortable, warm, has anti-vandal protection, and can take heavy loads. But the shelf life of any bacteria-based cartridge is still limited, regardless of the nature of use. At the same time, the crop can lose its properties before its absorption capacity is exhausted, and the price of the cassette is not small.

You should beware of purchasing cheap handicraft products (as shown in Figure 2). In this case, an “alternative” low-quality and inexpensive bio toilet is taken (as shown in the picture below) and a cubicle is built around it. As a result, rapid degradation occurs, and bad smell, and the cartridge is replaced at your own expense. And if we’re going to take a full-fledged toilet for the dacha, then the dacha-household option (3) is better suited. Its price is reasonable, its drainage life is less, and it is designed for a family.

The same applies to bio-toilets. Public high-capacity ones, which can work both on chemistry and on microflora (item 4), are quite expensive in terms of money. Special bio-toilets for dachas (item 5) have been put on sale; they are cheaper and are suitable for a family. However, if only water is poured into their barrels, they will quickly deteriorate. The water is replaced with a special liquid, which is supplied for flushing in very small doses, literally drops. Therefore, it is important to ask in advance what the toilet is flushed with and the cost of this very flush.

How country option They also use bucket toilets (item 6), which are designed for 2-5 days of use for 3 to 5 people. They are well suited for short-term use. There are also chemical options that are conditionally disposable; they are more often used on trips and in the field. These types of toilets are rented out, and after the expiration date of the absorbent or upon return, they are given for refilling.

Another good option for a summer house is a bio-toilet with a separate cartridge (item 7). Its main advantage is that it is much cheaper than a whole toilet. You can make a booth yourself or buy it. In general, you will get a fairly comfortable mini-room where you can relieve yourself (pos. 8). This is perfect for a suburban area, because the cost of a toilet and cartridges is much less than the price for a cesspool for a booth and a zero cycle.

However, the distribution of dry toilets is not widespread due to the fact that microorganisms created for small cartridges are not able to accept “gray” waste. Therefore, for dachas and suburban areas that are visited from spring to autumn, a blind cesspool is best suited. It is processed, although not very effective, by omnivorous bacteria that do not require a large living space.

Setting up a toilet in your country house with your own hands is not the most difficult task. For each design, it is necessary to select appropriate materials taking into account their durability. This article presents step-by-step instruction for the competent construction of a country toilet.

Peculiarities

First you need to choose what type of toilet the toilet will belong to. Depending on the internal structure, a country toilet can be with or without a cesspool. The decisive role in the choice is played by the level groundwater. If its mark reaches 3.5 m, then you need to choose the option without cesspool. Otherwise, waste products will fill the space around the house.

The construction of a pit is inappropriate on soil with natural cracks. If country house is located on an area with a predominance of shale rocks, then the cesspool should also be abandoned. The lower the groundwater level, the wider the choice good option arrangement of a toilet for a summer residence. Any type of structure can be placed on soil with increased resistance to cracks.

In depth, the cesspool should reach the high water level and be one meter below it. When making calculations, it is necessary to take into account the level of water rise during the period of active ice melting. Experts advise taking the spring groundwater level as a basis. The depth of the well is directly proportional to the frequency of use of the toilet and the number of residents. So, for a family of three permanently living in a house, a cesspool with a volume of 1.5 cubic meters is installed. m.

The well can be of any shape, but it is better to give preference to a square or round design. Digging such a hole will be much easier. The walls are lined with rubble, brick or wood. Log masonry must be treated with resin to protect the material from rotting. The bottom is sometimes lined with concrete rings. In this case, it is important to treat the joint between the wall and the floor.

To increase the tightness of the masonry, before laying the final covering, the walls are treated with compacted clay. The thickness of such an insulator can vary from 20 to 30 cm. After laying the cladding, craftsmen recommend impregnating the masonry with bitumen mastic. Resins will protect the coating from soil moisture and prevent premature collapse of the soil.

It is impossible to install a country toilet with a cesspool without ventilation. A pipe with a diameter of 100 mm or more is buried at one end into the well. The second end is built into the roof and rises 50-70 cm above its surface. A ventilation window can be provided in the house itself. It is usually placed on the side wall or mounted above the door.

The cesspool should be located within easy reach of the road. Once the tank is more than two-thirds full, its contents are pumped out and transported away using a special vehicle. Access to the toilet must be unobstructed.

A cesspool can be organized in two ways. The first is the usual one, installing a structure under the house. The second is a backlash closet. The second type of well is dug at some distance from the building. This option is considered the best for arranging a private country house: it is much easier to remove sewage.

The backlash closet is equipped with a complete ventilation and flushing system. Communications are lowered below the freezing level of the soil, and the cesspool is deepened even further. The slope of the sewage drainage pipe should reach 2-3 centimeters for every meter of length. This option requires a serious investment of money and is not suitable for everyone. Craftsmen advise arranging a backlash closet only if the country house is a full-fledged dwelling.

The option without a cesspool is considered the simplest and cheapest. Place a sealed container under the toilet seat. The main advantage of such toilets is the absence of land and construction work. In this case, there is no need to hire a sewer truck to remove waste. There is no need to locate the toilet in close proximity to the road. Sewage can be used as fertilizer.

Among the disadvantages of such toilets are the need to frequently change the working container and purchase materials to eliminate odor. Cleansers are used after each use of the toilet. It is important to know that high-quality factory toilets are not cheap. Saving on installation leads to an increase in the cost of purchasing the device.

Kinds

Among all types of toilet organization, the easiest way is the option with a cesspool. It can be located either in a private house or away from the main building in a small house. Cesspool toilet should not be installed near bodies of water or near neighboring houses. Source for collecting water in sewer system at home should not be adjacent to a waste collection pit.

The cesspool is usually cleaned after it is two-thirds full using a sewer truck. If it is not possible to hire such equipment, then the well can be filled with gravel and the pit moved. Villagers make a pit in a new place every two to three years. Four years are enough to completely restore the soil.

Craftsmen advise lining a hole in the ground with drainage. A gravel bed is not necessary, but adding one will help extend the time between cleanings of the hole. The stone mixture is often replaced with a concrete screed, and the walls are laid with bricks. It is important to correctly process all joints between elements. The duration of operation of the pit depends on the quality of the chosen antiseptic.

When constructing a cesspool, it is necessary to become familiar with the geology of the site. Knowing the level of groundwater rise is a key point for choosing this toilet design. It is important to maintain a sufficient distance to the reservoir: soil water should not interact with waste. Failure to comply with this rule may cause contamination of forage crops. Getting bacteria into drinking water can cause poisoning for residents.

The backlash closet is practically no different in its characteristics from a traditional cesspool. The key point is the location of the hatch - it should be in the yard. This device is perfect for organizing a toilet in a wooden house. A backlash closet is also not the most environmentally friendly toilet option.

The next device is a septic tank. Masters distinguish two types: cumulative and with cleaning. The first option resembles a cesspool in terms of waste collection method, but is characterized by tightness and environmental safety. Devices with cleaning can be settled and returned to their original condition. Cleaning up to 90% is carried out under the influence of chemical compounds.

A septic tank can collect pollution not only from the toilet. Pipes for collection are also connected to the system. domestic water and sewage waste. Communications from the bathhouse and the house can be connected in a septic tank. The device also works well apart from the central communications system.

The main advantage of a septic tank is its tightness. The design eliminates interaction with the soil. This option is suitable for those who are concerned about the cleanliness of the water in their home. The device is easy to clean, so there is no need to move the tank. The septic tank almost completely eliminates the smell of waste.

Among the disadvantages of this design is the high cost. Storage septic tanks need to be emptied; electric analogs require connection to the building's electrical system. You should not install a septic tank if you are not sure of its proper connection to the central communications of the house.

Powder-closet is characterized by low cost. Setting it up is even more profitable than laying a cesspool. A small house is installed on a summer cottage, and a toilet seat is installed in it. A removable tank is located under the ceramic product. Once this tank is filled, it must be taken out and cleaned. The powder closet is easy to use and is suitable for arranging a toilet both away from the house and in the building itself.

The disadvantage of this system is the lack of a way to eliminate unpleasant odors. The device is not large in size, so it needs frequent emptying. It is important to equip a special pit on the site for draining waste. The criteria for the pit correspond to the requirements for constructing a cesspool.

A liquid chemical dry closet works on the following principle: with the help of certain compounds, waste in the tank is processed into homogeneous mixture. The resulting substance does not have a specific odor. On the modern market you can buy liquid toilets based on ammonium and formaldehyde.

Ammonium agents are harmless. The mass obtained during processing with their help is odorless and can become a source of water contamination. The substance can be poured into a compost well. An ammonium-based composition can also be poured into a cesspool. The liquid will help reduce the rate at which the tank fills and eliminate pungent odors. Ammonium concentrate can be used over a long period of time, but it must be added every 4-7 days.

The formaldehyde composition is highly effective. One liter of this product will be enough to service a twenty-liter portable toilet for 3-4 months. Formaldehyde can harm soil and plants. This compound is banned in some countries, so experts do not recommend its use in portable toilets. Disposing of formaldehyde waste into soil and water is strictly prohibited.

The Finnish peat toilet is the most common type of dry toilet. Sewage is disposed of by adding dry matter: peat or sawdust. The bulk substance must have good hygroscopicity. Peat is harmless and can eliminate unpleasant odors.

The dry substance is poured into a special tank in layers. After each use of the toilet, another portion is poured into the pit. A mixture of peat and waste forms compost, which can be used as organic fertilizer. The portable tank is easy to carry. The cost of such a device is relatively low, which allowed the Finnish toilet to take a leading position among analogues.

The disadvantage of a peat toilet is that it requires frequent emptying of the tank during daily use. Also, the dry substance is unable to process ordinary paper. In order for the waste to turn into a single mass suitable for fertilizing the soil, it is necessary to use special biodegradable paper.

The biological liquid toilet works on a similar principle to the Finnish device. Waste decomposition occurs under the influence of microorganisms, which are produced in the form of a mixture or tablets. Bacteria can also be used to clean a cesspool. The processed mass is absolutely harmless and therefore does not require a special organization of waste collection area.

Microorganisms are expensive, but ensure complete preservation of the ecology of the site. They can be used as fertilizer, to clean pipelines and drains. Due to their properties, microorganisms are able to eliminate unpleasant odors.

An electric dry closet operates according to a complex circuit. First, the liquid phase is separated from the solid phase. The second is cleaned and drained, and the first is processed into powder. The resulting dry raw material can be used as fertilizer. Such a system, like a warm floor, must be connected to a central heating system. It is also necessary to connect the system with ventilation and drainage.

The strength of this system is that it does not require frequent emptying of the tank. All components of the device are already included in the kit, so there is no need to worry about purchasing additional materials. Biological toilet fillers are not needed in this system. The main disadvantage of an electric toilet is its dependence on a central power source and its high cost.

Materials

The above-ground parts of the toilet, separate from the building, are arranged in the form of a tent house. In order to build such a structure, it is necessary to purchase boards and sheets of metal profiles for installing the roof and exterior finishing of the house. Slate sheets will help strengthen the roof and protect the building from rain. It is better to lay out the base of the house from brick or concrete slabs.

Many builders prefer to use wooden materials. The boards are easy to saw, and creating a plank structure does not require special construction skills. It is important to understand that without pre-treatment with a hygroscopic material, the wood will quickly deteriorate and the frame will not withstand the load. Wood is also a fire hazard, so you should not place this material next to flammable structures.

To create a cesspool, you need to decide whether the well requires lining. The most popular option for constructing such a system is to create a tank from concrete rings. This design can last about 100 years. The concrete composition is quite cheap, but requires the use of special equipment. The cast rings are lowered into the pit one by one, and the joints are coated with cement.

The base must be poured with concrete, or a round structure must be made in advance and immersed in a dug well. The bottom is first covered with a small layer of sand or fine gravel. These materials play the role of drainage - they remove groundwater from the surface of the well. Concrete rings can be cast with special recesses - grooves. With the help of such “locks” the rings are connected. If grooves are not provided, then the structure is fastened with metal rings.

works on the principle of a cesspool. However, it is much easier to install a plastic tank. Polymers are impervious to liquids and resistant to temperature changes. The dimensions of the pit in this case should exceed the dimensions of the plastic container. Before laying the tank, the bottom must be concreted. A welded metal frame with protruding hinges is placed in the cement screed.

A plastic vessel is attached to the protruding reinforcement ropes. A similar design is necessary to hold the tank in the pit. Groundwater can lift light containers and push them to the surface. The gaps between the plastic must be filled with a layer of sand and cement. Before backfilling, the container is filled with water to protect it from deformation due to the expansion of cement and sand.

Arrangement

The main element of a toilet in a country house is the toilet. The most common version of this plumbing fixture is plastic. Seat with cover and frame of this device made from polymer. Such systems do not provide a tank, since there is no connection to the sewer system. The toilet seat does not need to be purchased separately - the design is monolithic.

Plastic systems come in all colors and shapes. This design has an attractive appearance and a fairly simple design. Polymers are characterized by increased strength and immunity to temperature changes. This toilet is lightweight, so it does not exert increased pressure on the foundation of the structure. A pleasant advantage is the ease of cleaning and operation.

The ceramic toilet is easy to clean. However, in the conditions of a summer cottage, this model can cause certain difficulties. Installation of ceramics requires additional reinforcement of the floor of the room. Cistern products for the garden do not, but the design still has a large mass. The advantage of this system is durability.

Wooden device short-lived. Such structures are installed exclusively outside the house: you can build a wooden box yourself. Such a device does not provide ventilation; the toilet itself is placed above the cesspool. You can equip such a toilet with a minimum of investment, but the appearance of such a product will be simple.

A dry closet is most often made from polymers. The system consists of several blocks that need to be assembled. This process does not take much time. The toilet is comfortable, it is a monolithic structure together with a toilet seat. The design is quite simple and does not feature any special features, such as a thermal seat. The toilet is convenient not only to use, but also to clean.

The purchase of equipment must be carried out taking into account certain requirements.

• If the country house is not the permanent place of residence of the family, then it is rational to purchase a toilet at a low cost. The design must be easy to use and durable over time. Plastic toilets are perfect.
• Installing a flushing device and connecting the toilet to the central sewer requires a lot of money and time. This option is necessary only in case of constant use of the bathroom.
• Installation should not take much time and effort. It's better to make a choice ready-made structures, the repair of which will not require major work to re-equip the premises.

• The connection between the waste disposal pipe and the toilet must be tight. Experts advise using a cone-shaped tube. It is important to avoid waste from getting past the receiving tank. It is necessary to ensure that all elements of the system are clearly connected.
• Ventilation helps eliminate unpleasant odors from the room. Do not neglect the design of this system. Plastic products can be used as an air duct. Due to their structure, they are lightweight and easy to install. PVC sewer gaskets with a diameter of about 110 mm will be a good analogue.

Accommodation options

A bathroom can be located anywhere in the building, but only if it does not contradict sanitary and hygienic standards. One of the walls of the restroom must be load-bearing. It is prohibited to install a bathroom in a room without an external wall. Ventilation in such rooms is easier to install and more cost effective.

The toilet should not border on the premises for eating and preparing food. Often, not all types of toilets are able to absorb all unpleasant odors. Chemical waste, when decomposed, can release substances that should not interact with food. The most advantageous location of the bathroom in country house– near the dressing room or under the stairs.

When installing a bathroom under the stairs, it is important to determine whether there is enough space to accommodate all the necessary appliances. Ventilation must be provided through the stairs. In some cases, sewer and water pipes are connected to the toilet. Floors are pre-treated with products to protect against bacteria and excess moisture.

Masters advise completely covering the entire space under the stairs with boards - creating a special room. This will not only visually isolate the bathroom, but will also protect the apartment from the spread of odors. It is advisable to further strengthen the floor under the structure with damping devices: over time, the floor may begin to collapse. To ensure good air circulation, a small gap is left at the junctions of the floorboards with the wall.

Craftsmen do not recommend installing a toilet on the second floor. The bathroom should not be adjacent to sources of drinking water. Such a device will not allow connecting the structure with a cesspool. When installing a dry closet, a sufficient distance from the edge of the seat to the floor is required. Obtaining the required height on the second floor will be problematic - it is impossible to make a recess in the floor.

When building a toilet on a summer cottage outside the house, you need to familiarize yourself with the wind rose. Unpleasant odors should not reach a residential building, so before you start developing a waste disposal well, you need to draw up a map of the area. This also applies to the construction of a cesspool for servicing dry closets located in the house. The placement of neighboring houses should also influence the drawing up of the plan.

Dimensions

The dimensions of the cesspool may vary depending on the frequency of use of the toilet and the number of residents. The average size of a pit to serve a family of two is 1.5 by 1.2 m. The recess is increased by thirty percent with the addition of each new resident. The larger the pit, the less often you will have to hire equipment to empty it. But it is also important to consider negative impact impact that waste can have on the environment.

If the cesspool combines sewerage from the house, then it is necessary to increase its size. Ideally, you can calculate the water consumption for each family member and design a well based on the data obtained. On average, a hole is dug 12 cubic meters. m and increase to 18 cubic meters. m. This reserve allows you to use the bathroom uninterruptedly for a month.

The tightness of the well is ensured by a concrete screed about 15 cm thick. The soil on the site may have good absorbent properties. In this case, the tank is covered with a layer of drainage. The thickness of such a pillow should not be less than 15 cm, as is the case with a screed. The top of the gravel is doused with bitumen mastic.

To build a toilet as a separate tent, you need to familiarize yourself with the accepted dimensions. You can make the drawings yourself or download ready-made ones. The normalized width of the house is 1 m. The depth of the room should reach 1.5 m, and the ceiling height should be 2-2.5 m. The allowance for the lid of a standard “birdhouse” is taken to be 30 cm relative to the walls. This technique will help moisture from the roof not to penetrate the walls and destroy them.

Ventilation tube bolts to the rear wall of the toilet. The thickness of the plastic is assumed to be 100 mm. The lower part of the pipe is immersed in a hole to a depth of 10 cm, and the top should rise 20 cm above the roof level. These parameters can be changed a little, but you should not neglect the design completely.

The dimensions of the toilet under the stairs also play an important role. The minimum size of a bathroom is 0.8 x 1.2 m. If a sink is provided in the room, then the width is doubled and the length is taken to be 2.2 m. If the toilet is combined with a bathtub, then the dimensions of the room cannot be less than 2.2 x 2.2 m. The ceiling height should not be lower than 2.5 m. It is important to maintain a distance in front of the toilet of 0.6 m.

Experts recommend providing access to the toilet from all sides. But this advice is often not followed. The door from the bathroom should open into the corridor. It is prohibited to connect the toilet to the living room or kitchen area. According to the rules fire safety doors should open outwards. This is a must to ensure proper evacuation.

How to do it?

You can build a toilet house with your own hands. The project is quite simple - you can find the necessary design solution on the Internet.

Let's look at the stages of building an outdoor toilet step by step.

• The type of foundation is chosen based on the characteristics of the soil. The most common type of base for a house is columnar. A monolithic structure made of concrete blocks is also suitable. Before laying the floor, it is necessary to cover the piles with a layer of roofing felt.
• The floor of the house is made of wooden planks. Before using wood, it is necessary to treat the material with antiseptic agents. The width of the floor panels is chosen around 15x15 or 10x10 cm.

• The structure of the house itself is first made in the form of a frame. The pre-assembled structure must be secured to the base with bolts and secured with metal plates. Next, the box is sheathed with wooden sheets, forming the walls of the house.
• A toilet is mounted to the far wall and all the necessary communications are laid out. The cesspool is dug in advance, the pipe from it is connected to the device. It is important not to forget about the ventilation device. Personal toilets are not combined with sewerage, this helps reduce construction work.
• The role of the roof is played by slate and roofing felt flooring. It is permissible to use a profiled sheet.
• If necessary, install lighting fixtures.

Toilets inside country houses are often connected to sewerage. Such a system can be gravity-fed: pipes are laid at an angle, and water is discharged into a cesspool. The slope of the pipe is two cm per meter of communication. Another option is pressure sewerage. In this case, the movement of water is carried out under pressure from a special pump. This method is applicable for houses where the installation of a gravity structure is impossible due to some reasons.

When choosing material for pipes, it is advisable to give preference to polypropylene. This material is highly durable and can withstand high temperatures. The pipe does not deform when heated to 95 degrees. Installation of this design is quite simple. It is important to ensure a tight connection between the pipes.

Sewer sections are fixed with fittings, and the joints are treated with sealant. The pipes are attached to the wall using clips. For these purposes, you can use clamps on studs. To make a tight connection between a cast iron pipe and a plastic pipe, it is necessary to lay a rubber gasket.

The pipes are removed and immersed in the trench. Sewage should not be placed above the soil freezing level. An inspection hatch must be installed at the junction of the internal and external sewerage systems. A check valve is placed in the pipe cavity. Such measures are necessary to prevent reverse wastewater if the pit is filled with waste.

After laying the sewer system, the craftsmen install the toilet. At this stage, work on the toilet is completed. Before installing the device, ensure that the surface is smooth. To install the toilet, you must first mark the floor and the size of the hole. Between the bowl and the floor it is necessary to lay rubber cuff. The device is fixed with bolts, and the joints are treated with silicone.

Before installing all elements, it is necessary to lay waterproofing on the floor. In cases where restrooms are located on each floor, it is necessary to install the devices one below the other. The distance from the toilet to the riser should be minimal. Failure to comply with this condition may lead to clogging of the pipe.

In order to equip the bathroom with maximum benefit for visitors, shelves are placed on the walls. If the dimensions of the restroom allow, then a set can be placed in the room. You can equip a utility unit for storing mops and buckets. There is no need to allocate additional space for these purposes - it is enough to install a small cabinet in the corner of the toilet.

Drawings and diagrams

To rationally place a toilet on the territory of the dacha, it is necessary to draw up a drawing of the future structure. This method will save materials. Schemes of the future structure can be found on the Internet or drawn up yourself. When drawing, it is necessary to do this to scale, otherwise the final design may differ greatly from the idea.

The development of the scheme begins with measuring the area of ​​the site and plotting all existing communications on the plan. Be sure to include neighboring buildings and bodies of water on the diagram. It is important to plan pipe laying taking into account regulatory requirements for placement of waste pits. Experts advise first drawing up a wind rose.

A drawing of a wooden outdoor toilet will help you calculate the cost of all the necessary materials. Drawing a picture of a house begins with modeling the frame. The dimensions of all elements are indicated and the total amount of materials is recorded. Don't forget about the cladding cutting pattern. The parameters of the front, rear and side surfaces of the future structure are indicated.

The front side of the tent must be larger than the back wall. This is a necessary condition to ensure the required slope of the building. The front and rear walls of a typical structure are rectangular in shape, and the side faces are trapezoidal. The plan indicates the dimensions of the roofing sheet for constructing the roof. If there is a wooden sheet under the slate, it linear dimensions needs to be fixed.

The instructions for drawing up a drawing for a toilet in a country house are practically no different from a similar scheme for arranging a bathroom in an apartment. All dimensions and required dimensions are taken from the relevant regulatory documents. It is necessary to mark the location of the toilet supply to the sump pipe. Installing a dry closet does not require such actions. The device is pre-assembled and installed on the far wall of the room.

The selected room should be well ventilated. The doors should open onto the corridor. When drawing up a drawing of a room, it is important to correctly position all the necessary devices: toilet, sink or bathtub. All devices must be accessible without obstruction. It is important to properly position the ventilation and remove the sewage system from the room.

The marking of the bathroom is carried out not for the purpose of estimating the amount of necessary materials, but for the proper distribution of space. Only after the location of the main appliances has been designated, do they begin to arrange cabinets and shelving. Don't clutter the space too much.

It is important to remember that before installing a ceramic toilet, it is necessary to strengthen the base. Waterproofing wooden floors in a country house is mandatory, regardless of the location of the bathroom. Walls wooden house it is also necessary to treat it with paint and varnish material or bitumen to preserve the surface from excess moisture. Knowing the dimensions of the room, you can calculate the total consumption of materials and record it on the diagram.

Without cesspool

If you want to install a toilet without odor and pumping, experts advise giving preference to options without a compost pit. Among these options, the most famous are septic tanks, dry closets and powder closets. Dry toilets are located regardless of the surface. This option would be a good solution for an area with a high groundwater level. In this case, it is prohibited to build a cesspool - the waste can contaminate the soil throughout the entire area.

To install a dry closet, you can allocate a room in the house or build a wooden structure in the distance. The first version of the device is preferable, as it saves on time and materials. In this case, the pipeline is not laid. A washbasin can be connected to the waste collection tank. Emptying such a system is done by removing the storage tank and draining the waste into a designated area.

The main sewer system cannot be connected to the dry closet. Such tanks are intended for temporary use. A system with a capital toilet and flush requires a cesspool. Sealed storage tanks can hold a small amount of liquid, so they will not be able to provide waste disposal in year-round homes.

Thanks to the ease of use, toilets without a cesspool allow you to avoid various emergency situations. The tightness of the container eliminates the possibility of interaction of the contents with groundwater. It is important to know that there should be a distance of 25 m from the cesspool to the source of water intake. The distance from the toilet to the fence should not be less than 1 m.

Another analogue of a toilet without odor and pumping is a septic tank. Such a device is capable of processing sewage within long term services, what does a septic tank do? ideal option for a bathroom with year-round use. The design can be purchased, but there are also schemes for creating a septic tank with your own hands.

Sealed chambers can be made from concrete, plastic or metal containers. The main principle of constructing such a structure is the vacuum of the tanks. Making a sealed chamber is quite simple and has been described previously. It is necessary to select containers with strong walls that will not deform under the pressure of groundwater and soil.

A standard country septic tank for serving a family of two has two or more chambers. Each new tank serves to further purify the water entering it. So, in the first compartment, waste is separated into solid and liquid phases. The liquid flows into an adjacent container, where it is purified again. In subsequent chambers the cycle is repeated.

After passing through all stages of filtration, the water enters the ground. Such liquid does not pose a threat of soil contamination. Experts advise purchasing septic tanks with a biological purifier. This system is the most environmentally friendly for use in summer cottages.

Treatment system

Septic tanks are a simplified method of treating sewage water. Complex systems include additional compartments for water filtration. These structures can be installed in summer cottages to increase the safety of the area. Filtration systems are complex and expensive simple septic tank. However, experts recommend paying attention to them.

• Ultrafiltration. This method completely disinfects the water. A significant advantage of the system is its reusability. No chemicals are used in cleaning; the resulting water can be used for domestic purposes.

• Reagents providing ion exchange, allow you to speed up the process of liquid purification. Water hardness increases. It is not recommended to use such water for food purposes.
• Electrochemical cleaning. Sewage is settled under the influence of special radiation. A layer of metal impurities forms at the bottom of the tank. Chemical substances removes heavy elements from water.
• Membrane osmosis. This complex design is recognized as the best cleaning system. The return membrane traps waste and turns contaminated water into distilled water. The complex structure of the shell makes it possible to purify the liquid from harmful chemical impurities.

All cleaning systems require large costs to purchase and install. The main advantage of the structures is the complete elimination of unpleasant odors throughout the entire territory of the summer cottage. Sewage treatment facilities can reduce the frequency of pumping out contents from a cesspool.

Any system requires timely cleaning. If waste is not removed from the cesspool in time, the process of proliferation of harmful bacteria will negatively affect the condition of the soil. Stagnant waste produces toxic gases that can harm health. The more gas masses accumulate, the more difficult it is to remove them. In particularly advanced cases, it is not possible to pump out harmful vapors.

Pit treatment and waste disposal can be done in various ways. The easiest and most proven way is to call a sewer truck. The contaminated liquid is pumped out using hoses. This service is expensive, and it is used only when the well is filled to two-thirds of its volume, and biological preparations are not able to process sewage. The machines are equipped with cutting mechanisms that grind solid sediment.

Cleaning with chemicals is effective, but not advisable. Fast-acting reagents work even at low temperatures. But not every such composition is environmentally friendly. It is strictly forbidden to pour the processed substance into the soil, so it becomes necessary to call a pumping machine. When choosing chemicals, you can pay attention to nitrate oxidizers - their composition is the least harmful.

Biological products differ from chemical analogues in their safety of use. Cleaning with these compounds is widely used by owners summer cottages. Microorganisms do not work well at low temperatures, so they are used mainly in summer period time. Bacteria die upon contact with acid and alkali and do not tolerate chlorine. For these reasons, it is better not to add biological additives to the soil.

Mechanical cleaning the pit is traditional way removing impurities. This work is carried out at least once a year, the procedure is very unpleasant. This type of cleaning saves money, but requires effort and time. If the waste is too liquid, it is mixed with dry matter. Sawdust and sand are excellent fillers.

When choosing biological cleaning agents, it is important to correctly calculate the dose. The number of beneficial bacteria should be sufficient to restore the microflora in the tank. Biological additives are distinguished by the speed of the purification process, the speed of action and the ability to eliminate odors. Before using the drug, you should read reviews about the material.

The composition of biological products determines the conditions for its use. Aerobic bacteria are able to process waste only when exposed to oxygen. Anaerobic analogues do not need direct air access, so they are easily placed in vacuum tanks. You can often find a combination of additives on the market - this is how manufacturers get the most effective drug.

Successful examples and beautiful options

Many clients cannot imagine the beautiful design of a toilet in a country house. An unusual toilet design can ruin the interior. To dispel doubts, designers recommend familiarizing yourself with the following interesting solutions.

Classic

Similar wooden decoration of dacha premises is used everywhere. Plank masonry looks natural. High quality material fills the room with a pleasant smell of wood. A bright room can be decorated with white ceramics.

This option is perfect for installing a bathroom in a small room. The toilet is hidden from view by pieces of furniture. Additional equipment with shelves and cabinets allows you to place all the necessary personal hygiene items. Wooden furniture in combination with wall and floor decoration creates a single composition.

Wood and tiles

The original design of this room is created by combining wood with ceramics. The white toilet combines with the mosaic to complete the composition. The tiles are dominated by shades of brown, in harmony with the wooden cladding of the adjacent wall. A small window creates additional source lighting.

The light floor goes well with the color scheme of the walls. The room does not seem small; air and light prevail in it. This solution looks appropriate not only in a country house, but also in an urban interior. The ceramic pattern on the wall can be given any look. In this case, the decision was made in favor of keeping things simple.

Plastic in the interior

Using a plastic toilet cannot spoil the appearance of the room. You can easily find quite a lot on the market unusual option. In this interior, a plastic tank looks appropriate in combination with wall cladding made of colored polymer. The red checkered pattern in the interior of a country house looks unusual and lively.

Wooden shelves add color to the bathroom design. Combination bright walls and a light floor allows you to avoid overload in the design. The floor is covered with linoleum painted to look like stone. Since the plastic tank is not connected to the floor with bolts, cleaning the coating is not difficult. A light baseboard gives the room elegance and completeness.

Combination of dark and light

This bathroom solution looks advantageous due to the strong contrast of the color of the walls with the floor. Rough wide wooden slabs on the wall are reminiscent of ancient log buildings. Light flooring in combination with ceramics gives the interior tenderness and sophistication. The premises are fully equipped - all necessary communications are provided.

This room is designed for constant use. The craftsmen made every effort to make it pleasant to be in the room. Designer decorations - vases and stands - create the mood. Rich ceramics fit this solution perfectly.

Complex shapes

The room is completely decorated with wood. A toilet built independently looks unusual. Rough wooden finish looks noble. The most striking element in the room is the cut-out sink. The complex figure resembles a log frame of a tree. This option is perfect for connoisseurs of wood species.

A restroom at your dacha allows you to work without distractions. And you don’t want to go home just to go to the toilet - you can put dirt on the floor. Therefore, you cannot do without a restroom located in the garden. But how and from what to make it? The construction of a wooden toilet has its own rules.

Features of wooden construction

Summer residents prefer to build a toilet from boards on their site. It is a latrine with a cesspool (backlash closet) or a structure where, instead of a pit, a container for biological waste is used (powder closet). Both types of toilet are very convenient, but a powder toilet requires cleaning much more often.

A summer resident who has a large family who constantly works on the site should opt for a backlash closet. A powder closet is suitable for two people or those who do not spend many days a year at the dacha. In this case, a special container for collecting biowaste will need to be emptied no more than once a month.

This latrine is made of planks

A wooden restroom is in greater demand than a plastic or metal one. A wooden toilet has many advantages, however, there are also disadvantages.

Advantages

• The wooden structure looks beautiful and, most importantly, blends with nature. It becomes more original after painting;
• A minimum of finance is spent on construction;
• It can be used for a long time if it is treated once a year and cleaned periodically;
• Wood masks unwanted odors and initially smells pleasant of the forest;
• When a wooden toilet reaches its end of life, it can be disassembled piece by piece and burned in a kiln.

Flaws

• Wood is a material susceptible to fire. To avoid unexpected fire, you can coat the boards with a heat-resistant agent;
• The wood gradually becomes damp and rots, which can be prevented by treating it with a special preparation;
• Over time, the wooden structure deteriorates, because bugs infest it. To prevent them from eating the wood, the toilet will have to be treated with a pest control agent.

Preparation for construction

First of all, they make a drawing of the future structure, that is wooden cabin with a cesspool underneath. A toilet schematically depicted on paper will greatly simplify the assembly of the restroom frame.

Drawings and correct dimensions

A summer resident can use ready-made drawings of a wooden toilet. He will only need to study them thoroughly and strictly follow the recommendations. Otherwise, the design may turn out to be curved and sloppy.

Among all types of outdoor toilets, the most common is the “birdhouse”, the shape of which is a rectangle. Unlike the “hut”, it requires less skill during construction.

View of the toilet from different sides

Toilet frame and interior finishing

A restroom in the form of a “birdhouse” is usually built 2.3 meters high. Standard width this design is one meter. But the length of a wooden toilet has less stringent requirements; it can vary from one to one and a half meters. But if you wish, you can slightly increase all other specified sizes.

Required materials and tools

To build a toilet, materials will be needed in a certain quantity. According to calculations, just for the construction of a cesspool, the summer resident will have to prepare in advance:

• 4–6 reinforced concrete rings or a metal barrel;
• 0.25 m3 sand;
• Bag of cement;
• 2 buckets of crushed stone.

When creating the base and cabin you will need the following:

• 4 concrete blocks;
• 2 m2 of roofing material;
• 2 buckets of sand;
• 3 six-meter edged boards measuring 100 mm/50 mm;
• 3 six-meter floor boards 9 mm thick;
• Edged board 25 mm (6 meters long);
• Wooden six-meter beam 0.05/0.05 m;
• Reinforcement trims of 0.5 meters;
• Galvanized meter sheet.

The top of the cabin will need to be covered with 8-wave asbestos-cement slate, painted of course.

The building can be sheathed with clapboard made of pine needles (length - 3 meters, width - 87 mm). The covering will take 4 packages of material.

The frame must be assembled using nails 1, 2 cm long, 70 mm, 40 mm and 100 mm (for slate) and self-tapping screws 70 mm long.

A summer resident planning to independently build an outdoor toilet with a “podium” and a window needs to purchase additional materials and items:

• Sedushka;
• Glass 0.5 / 0.1 m, galvanized hinges and glazing bead (1.5 meters) for the window.

The door is constructed from a block with dimensions of 0.9 m / 2 m. To frame it you will need 5 linear meters of platband. You will also need to purchase hinges in advance, door handles and latch.

To work with wood materials, you need to arm yourself with a hacksaw, plane, hammer and screwdriver. And when creating a cesspool, you will need a shovel.

Instructions for building a simple wooden toilet

1. Looking for a suitable place to locate the toilet. According to the rules, it should be located 25–30 meters from groundwater. If it is impossible to maintain the stated distance, then the summer resident needs to immerse a sealed container in the cesspool so that biowaste does not leak into the ground.
2. Take a shovel and make a hole in the ground. There are no special requirements for its size, but it should extend slightly beyond the walls of the toilet or be strictly under it. It is advisable to place tires on the bottom and walls. However, instead, you can lower a metal barrel with a volume of 200 liters into the pit. The container immersed in the ground must be filled on the sides, and the soil around it must be compacted. A good replacement for a metal barrel is special plastic containers reinforced with metal ribs.

   Installation of a container for collecting biowaste

3. Concrete blocks are placed at the corners of the runners of the future latrine. The foundation with “columns” is covered with roofing felt for waterproofing.

   Creating a foundation from blocks and boards

4. They begin to create the base: runners are made from the beams, and then they are connected and placed on a ready-made platform. The boards must be coated with an antiseptic.
5. Floor coverings are laid on the runners. To prevent cold air from entering from below when using the toilet, the floorboards are covered with OSB sheets on the reverse side. A heat-preserving material, that is, foam, is placed between the boards. Reattached to the floor from above OSB sheets. At this stage, a round hole is created in the floorboards to drain feces.

   Here they made a square hole in the floor

6. The walls of the restroom are assembled from 100x50 mm boards, using nails and screws. The wall frames are fixed to the platform using the same screws, as well as corners.

   Frame construction

7. Begin construction of the supporting system pitched roof. Recesses are cut in the rafters, and then they are installed on the top board of the gable and side walls. Then they nail it down. OSB sheets are placed on the top of the structure, that is, under the roof, with insulation and material protecting against moisture penetration between them. IN last resort slate is attached to the top.
8. They make a door. To make it strong, it is pulled together diagonally with two bars. The door is sheathed according to the same pattern as the walls of the restroom. After that, loops, handles and a latch are attached to it.

Fully finished restroom

Is it necessary to sheathe a country toilet inside and outside?

It is not necessary to decorate the inside of the country restroom. But if the summer resident is not lazy and covers the walls, floor and ceiling of the toilet, then the structure will last much longer. The materials for interior decoration of the restroom can be used:

• Sheets of foam plastic that are attached to the walls tightly together, providing insulation from wind and moisture;
• A film stretched over supports slightly separated from the external walls. It serves as a barrier to cold air entering the room;
• Regular or decorative edged boards, which are used to lay out all the walls inside the toilet;
• Lining, that is, the most aesthetic material for finishing.

If you take on the interior decoration of the restroom, then you should not forget about external cladding. Coating the outside of the toilet guarantees its long service life, despite the effects of precipitation, low temperatures and winds. Material for external protection wooden structure the restroom can be:

• Drywall;
• Siding;
• Plastic panel;
• Metal profile.

A wooden toilet in the country is the right decision, since it fits perfectly into the rural landscape and does not require large expenses. Typically, summer residents build it in the form of a “birdhouse” more than two meters high. If desired, you can extend the service life of such a toilet by finishing the interior and exterior with clapboard and siding, respectively.

Often the first thing a person thinks about after purchasing a plot is: how to make a simple outdoor toilet in a dacha with your own hands and ready-made drawings will come in handy here, as well as a detailed description of all stages of construction, tips and nuances.

One of the most important and vital buildings on a dacha or garden plot is the toilet. The need for a simple structure arises within a few hours of arrival. And even if the owners already have a bathroom in cozy house, street amenities will never be superfluous.

It’s easy to build a toilet in your summer cottage with your own hands

The simplicity of the design allows even a person without much construction experience to equip a toilet for their dacha with their own hands. And if you use your imagination, then a house for thinking about

will fit perfectly into the design of the site and, perhaps, even become its decoration.

What kind of toilet to build: types and features

Actually, there are only two options here: with or without a cesspool.

• A toilet with a cesspool is a simple structure, proven by experience and time, which consists of an equipped cesspool and a toilet house above it. As the pit is filled with sewage, it is cleaned out manually or a sewer truck is ordered.
  And sometimes they simply move the house to another place. The old pit is buried, and after 6-7 years its contents will finally rot and you can put the toilet back again.

• A backlash closet is a type of outdoor toilet with a pit for sewage, but with the difference that it must be sealed. Such a toilet has to be built if it is located close to a house, a water source, or when the groundwater is high.

Diagram: how the backlash closet works

• A toilet without a cesspool or a powder closet is installed if the groundwater is very high or if the toilet is rarely used. In this case, the container for collecting sewage can be anything except a hole (bucket, barrel, plastic tank). The required volume determines the intensity of use of the bathroom.

After each trip to such a toilet, sewage is sprinkled with dry peat, sometimes sawdust or ash is used, so the house should have a box for “masking powder”. After filling, the container is removed manually and the contents are evacuated to compost pit. If the sewage has been sprinkled with peat, then after a while it becomes a wonderful fertilizer.

Toilet without a cesspool (powder closet)

Important! If groundwater lies below 2.5 meters, any type of toilet can be built, but if it is located higher, then a cesspool will have to be abandoned.

Where to build a toilet

For toilets with a cesspool, there are a number of sanitary and hygienic standards and restrictions, which determine their location on the site.
Minimum distances from the toilet to other objects:

• To water sources (wells, boreholes, lakes, rivers) – 25 m;
• To houses, cellars - 12 m;
• Before summer shower or baths - 8 m;
• To the nearest tree – 4 m, and to the bushes – 1 m;
• To fences - at least 1 m.

Diagram: correct location of the toilet relative to other buildings on the dacha plot

Important! When choosing a construction site, it is worth considering not only the objects located on your own site, but also those located on the neighboring one.

So that summer evenings on the terrace are not spoiled by the amber, the place is chosen taking into account the wind rose. If the site is located on a slope, it is better to install the toilet at the lowest point.

Construction of a cesspool

After selecting and preparing the site, they begin to dig a cesspool. As a rule, it is square in shape and at least 2 meters deep.
There are two types of cesspool:

• Sealed. The bottom of such a pit is concreted, reinforced before pouring, and to prevent the reinforcement from sinking in the concrete, it is placed on pegs. The walls are also sealed, puttied with mortar or the seams covered with bitumen.

Sealed pit latrine

• Absorbing. It is better to dig such a hole down to the sand, then the liquid fraction of sewage will quickly sink into the ground. The bottom is covered with a layer of coarse crushed stone or pebbles.

Absorption cesspool design

There are several ways to strengthen the walls of a cesspool:

• Brickwork;
• Concrete structure;
• Ready iron concrete rings;
• Plastic tank.

The pit is covered from above, with beams, slate or concrete, leaving only the area under the toilet seat open, and they begin to assemble the toilet house.

Construction of a toilet house

The optimal dimensions of a country toilet are 1×1.5 m, height – 2.2-2.5 m. Otherwise, it will simply be inconvenient, especially for people with large figures. It is not necessary to make toilet drawings yourself, if there are no special requirements and you can use ready-made ideas.
First of all, the scheme is convenient in that it allows you to correctly calculate the amount of building materials and the preliminary cost of a yard bathroom.

Construction of a toilet over a cesspool (proper placement diagram)

Frame base

It is recommended to move the toilet house 2/3 forward above the cesspool, thus providing access for cleaning behind the rear wall of the structure.
The stability of the building can be ensured by a shallow foundation. Between it and the frame, waterproofing is laid, 1-2 layers of roofing felt. But for light construction made of wood it is not at all necessary. It is enough to install the base on concrete blocks.
You can also put four supporting pillars. To do this, in the corners future design They dig four holes about 60 cm deep, up to 1 meter in soft soils, and lower asbestos pipes into them. The hole is filled one third with cement mortar. After this, a support beam is installed in the pipe, and the hole is completely filled with concrete.

Installing the toilet base on concrete blocks

Frame assembly

To build a frame, beams with a cross section of 50×50 or 80×80 mm will be sufficient; it is not advisable to take larger material.

• First, assemble a rectangular support with a jumper from which the front wall of the toilet seat will rise, and screw it to the foundation or support posts. A board is laid on top. The thickness of the floor board must be at least 3 cm.

Construction of a wooden frame for a toilet

• The frame of the front, rear and side walls is assembled from timber. In this case, the front wall should be at least 10 cm higher than the back wall, this will ensure the necessary roof slope.
• For greater structural strength, it is recommended to make diagonal jibs on the side and rear walls.
• On the front wall, be sure to make a reinforcement for the door of the appropriate size and make a hole for the window.
• The wall frames are fixed to the base metal corners, a harness is made on top and at the level of the toilet seat.

Strengthening the toilet frame with metal corners

• The next step will be to assemble the toilet seat frame and cover it, if alternative options are not provided, for example, a floor-standing toilet.

Frame covering

The frame is covered with wooden boards. The vertical arrangement allows you to significantly save material, and the horizontal one imitates a log house and looks more interesting. The boards are tightly fitted to each other and attached to the base. Instead of wood, corrugated sheets, slate or any other material that matches the construction budget are also used.

Toilet frame trim

Advice! It is advisable to treat all wooden structural elements with a special antibacterial impregnation, which will protect the material from moisture and pests, and then coat it with varnish or paint.

Roof

The roof should not protrude beyond the walls by more than 30 cm. Installation begins by securing parallel boards at a short distance. After this, the visor is sewn up from below, and boards are attached to the outside around the perimeter. A layer of waterproofing is laid on the prepared base, usually roofing felt, after which the structure is covered with any roofing material (slate, metal profile, bitumen shingles).

For a toilet, erecting a simple flat roof is enough

Summer residents, whom standard scheme not satisfied with the house, they can find drawings of more interesting options, make it themselves or purchase ready-made toilet houses; they are assembled like a construction set, and for convenience, instructions and all the accompanying drawings are necessarily attached to them.

Exhaust ventilation

Exhaust ventilation in a country toilet is a pipe that removes odors from the cesspool. Its lower edge is inserted into the hole, and the upper edge should rise above the roof by at least 20 cm.

Ventilation of a country toilet

A plastic pipe with a diameter of 100 millimeters is suitable for arranging ventilation. It is attracted to the back wall from the inner or outside structures and fixed with iron clamps. To increase traction, a deflector attachment is installed on the head.

Installing a toilet door

Doors are installed using ordinary wooden, ready-made plastic or home-made ones, from the material with which the frame was sheathed. Hang the door on 2 hinges. In principle, the closing method can be any, traditionally it is a latch, latch or hook, outside and inside. It is better to avoid more sophisticated locking systems, for example, with latches, since their mechanism will be exposed to moisture and will quickly rust.

Two hinges are enough to install the door

Lighting

For more comfortable operation of amenities, it is better to take care of their lighting in advance. This could be a wall lantern that is battery powered. As an option, you can install electrical wiring and connect a small lighting fixture.

Lighting options for a country toilet

During the day, a small window will illuminate the interior space. It is usually cut out above the doors or at the top of the door, but there are actually more options, from figured windows on the walls to a transparent roof.

Advice! A cesspool will last longer if you don’t throw it in toilet paper and other hygiene or household supplies, so there must be a bucket in the toilet. If the size allows, it is convenient to install a regular washbasin with a hanging spout here, especially since the rowing pit is already ready.

Powder closet: construction features

The absence of a cesspool is the main difference in construction. But there are some differences in the design of the house. You will have to think about a way to remove the container in which the sewage is collected.

Scheme: powder closet device

The door is usually equipped on the back wall of the house or the front wall of the toilet seat. Inside the cabin there is a special box for peat (ash, sawdust). It’s also impossible to do without ventilation here, only the pipe is not lowered into the hole, but directly under the toilet seat.

A toilet is a building that is simply mandatory in a country house. Often, it is from this building that the arrangement of the purchased plot begins. At first, you can do without a bathhouse, and without a gazebo, and even without a house or at least a shed for storing equipment, but you can’t do without a toilet.

In order to spend time comfortably in the countryside, you definitely need to take up the construction of a toilet, and you can do all the work yourself. The instructions for creating such a strategically important facility for a given site provide, first of all, for choosing a location.

Choosing an area for construction

Of course, everyone has the right to decide for themselves where to start construction of such a specific facility, but there are a number of sanitary and hygienic standards and restrictions that must be taken into account when choosing the location of the toilet:

• Strict rules regulate minimally permissible distance between, the water from which is used for domestic needs. The construction site must be at least 25 m away from water intake sources;

Note!
When choosing a site, you should take into account not only your own interests and the location of your well, but also take into account the interests of your neighbors and take into account the location of wells on their sites.

• Naturally, the arrangement of such a room is not carried out in the center of the site. Try to choose a more modest, remote location for such construction. It is also prohibited to place a toilet on the very border of the site; you must step back at least 1 meter from it;
• If the area is uneven and there is some height difference, then the toilet should be located in a low area;
• Also take into account the wind rose in order to prevent the spread of unpleasant odors throughout the area;
• For ease of use, consider in advance the convenience of driving the sewer truck directly to the cesspool in order to clean it, because you still have to do this periodically.

Main types of toilets for summer cottages

Differences in the design of such buildings lead to the existence of a certain classification of toilets, which do not provide for the possibility of connecting to a central sewerage system. At the same time, the technology for constructing any of them is not particularly difficult and will not take much time.

You can handle the following types of construction yourself:

1. Pit toilet;

Based on these types of structures, many modifications were invented and built, differing in appearance, design, and building materials used, which can seriously affect such parameters as price.

The choice of one type of structure or another depends primarily on the level of groundwater in the area.

Advice. If this level is only 3.5 m and higher, then only a powder closet can be installed on the site.
If the water level is much lower, then your choice is not limited.

Construction with cesspool

Among our compatriots, this type of design has become most widespread. The operation of such a toilet is as simple as possible and consists of accumulating waste in a cesspool dug specifically for this purpose.

If the pit is filled to 2/3 of its height, it is cleaned manually or mechanically, or the structure is preserved and the toilet itself is moved to a new location, and the filled pit for the country toilet is covered with earth.

Arrangement of the pit

The construction of a country toilet begins with:

• A hole is dug for a country toilet in the shape of a square with a side of one meter and a depth of two;
• The bottom and walls of the dug hole must be strengthened. Concrete rings for a toilet in a country house can serve as such a reinforcement, brickwork or stone masonry, it is also possible to use wooden logs or boards. The bottom is covered with a layer of crushed stone, which is compacted thoroughly;

Advice. If you are concerned about the tightness of the bottom of the pit, you can concrete it or line it with bricks.

• Next, the pit is sealed by caulking and plastering; this is necessary to ensure that waste does not penetrate into groundwater.

Building a wooden toilet

In fact, the answer to the question of how much a toilet costs for a summer house directly depends only on the materials chosen for construction. In order to save money, most summer residents choose wood for this. The construction process itself is based on the following questions:

What shape should the toilet be?	Typically, the frame of a garden toilet has a rectangular or square shape.
What type of foundation should I choose?	The optimal base option for such a structure is columnar foundation under the toilet in the country. The construction of the foundation consists of laying a brick pillar under each corner of the building. Ruberoid is laid on top of the pillars, which will become a waterproofing layer.
How to make a frame?	The frame structure is made of beams, which are pre-coated with primers and painted in order to protect them from rotting processes. Assembling the frame consists of the following steps: After processing, the beams are fastened together and installed on the prepared foundation; Vertical beams are installed on the base, strictly checking their verticality in level; Racks are installed on which the doors will subsequently be hung; Beams are installed that protrude along the perimeter of the structure, necessary for the construction of the roof; The seat frame is constructed directly above the pit.
What is the roof made of?	The roofing material most often used is the same roofing material, which is covered with a sheet of slate on top.
How to cover a toilet in a country house?	Often, wood, lining, siding, etc. are chosen as the material for covering the toilet.

Advice. For more accurate and high-quality fastening Metal plates and bolts are used to attach vertical beams to the base.

To make it easier to use the toilet at night, lighting should be provided, for which electricity is supplied to the building. If there is no electricity, you can be helped out by a service such as renting a diesel generator for your dacha. For lighting in daytime day, you should cut a window in the trim above the door itself.

Note!
The shape of this window can be any, but often holes are cut out in strict geometry or in the shape of a heart.

Hood

A toilet is a structure that is certainly associated with the occurrence of unpleasant odors. In order to minimize this side effect of this type of structure, professionals recommend equipping the seat with a tight-fitting lid; in addition, a hood in the country toilet would also be useful.

To arrange ventilation, the following actions must be performed:

1. The sewer plastic pipe is attached to the rear wall of the building using clamps so that one end is buried 1 dm into the cesspool;
2. The other end of the pipe is led out through a hole made in the roof;

Advice. The ventilation pipe should rise above the roof by approximately 0.2 m.

1. The entry and exit points of the pipe must be carefully sealed, and in order to increase traction, a deflector attachment should be installed on the head of the pipe.

Country backlash closet

This type of design is the optimal answer to the question of how to install a toilet in a country house if there is no sewage system. Backlash closet is a structure that is an intermediate option between a cesspool and a septic tank industrial production and are perfectly used in structures such as country houses made of block containers, wood or stone. This type of toilet requires the presence of a sealed container.

Note!
Cleaning a cesspool of this design is carried out only with specialized equipment, so you should not choose a backlash closet if there is no company providing such services near your site.

Powder closet outside the city

This type of construction is as simple as possible because it does not require digging a cesspool. The functions of such a pit are performed by a specialized container or barrel for a toilet in a country house, which is placed directly under the toilet seat, and when filled, is simply taken out.

To ensure partial removal unpleasant aroma in such a structure, a box with sawdust, soil, peat or dry straw is placed next to the toilet seat. These materials can be used to powder waste after each visit to this facility.

Finally

As you already understood, building a toilet on own dacha Anyone who is at least a little familiar with construction is capable. And if you are not a builder, then if you wish, you can learn everything on your own if you devote enough time and attention to it, and do the work carefully. And the video in this article will tell you even more about construction technology.

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