13-04-2016: Olga

Hello, my parents built a one-story house 9x12 from Aerobel D500 aerated concrete blocks, B= 3.5 (625X300X200) plus facing bricks. The foundation is 1.2 m deep, the base is made of red brick. Inside there are 2 walls made of sand-lime brick (65 mm thick), which have a 0.6 m foundation and a red brick plinth. It was planned to do wooden floors. But it turned out that it was undesirable to do more than 6 m inside the beam without load-bearing walls. As a result, reinforced concrete slabs were installed. The construction team, which included 2 people with higher education in construction, laid out 3 or 4 rows of red bricks with reinforcing mesh in front of the slabs. As I understand it, it was necessary to pour concrete with reinforcement the same way as for a foundation? Above the windows there are lintels with reinforcement and concrete in U-shaped blocks. Even before installation plasterboard ceilings It turned out that the slabs were not level, that is, the builders laid out the walls of unequal height. The house has been standing for 4 years. There are no cracks. Tell me, will the house collapse?

13-04-2016: Doctor Lom

It is difficult to draw clear conclusions from your description. In my opinion, there is nothing wrong with this (if the slabs are about 9 m long). However, just in case, look at the article “Simplified calculation of a wall from GSB”, link at the end of the article.

13-04-2016: Olga

Thank you. I just thought that if there is no load-bearing wall inside and the span is about 9 m, then these are seams for floors on wooden beams and reinforced concrete slabs. In addition, the reinforcing belt in front of the ceilings is rows of red brick. I will add details to the description: The roof is gable with metal tiles, on top of the slab there in the center lies a beam or a beam on which wooden posts rest - they are called headstocks? There seem to be no struts. Height from floor to slabs - 3 m.

14-04-2016: Doctor Lom

In principle, no one is forbidden to think and assume anything, but in order to sleep peacefully, you just need to check your designs with calculations. For example, the load on your floor slabs depends not only on the roof structure, but also on the value snow load, as well as whether the attic will be used and, if so, how. In addition, standard hollow-core floor slabs can be designed for a load of 400, 800 or 1200 kg/m. But in general, even slabs with a design load of 400 kg/m should be sufficient in your case.

Well, the fact that instead of a monolithic reinforcing belt, several rows of brickwork with mesh reinforcement are made is of course not very good, but in principle, if the foundation is made well, then there is nothing wrong with that.

14-04-2016: Olga

Unfortunately, I do not have a construction education, although I graduated from a construction university (Faculty of Economics). I may not be able to do the calculation...

In the attic there are boards, old furniture and all sorts of rubbish. The pediment is also laid out from arable blocks and facing bricks. There are racks in two rows, resting on the floor slabs.

14-04-2016: Doctor Lom

Olga, first try to count, and then you will regret it. There, in the article I mentioned, there are only a couple of simple formulas. And from the description “There are boards, old furniture and all sorts of rubbish in the attic,” I cannot even approximately determine the value of the load, even if I really wanted to, so let’s do it ourselves. And the pediment, if it rests mostly on the underlying walls, does not affect the load on the slabs in any way.

Today you will learn about the possibilities of modifying one of the most common series in Moscow residential buildings I-700.

Serial houses I-700A are different from others standard houses not only technical characteristics, but also appearance. These are tall tower buildings. These houses are often considered block houses because of their appearance, but in fact, panel technology was used in the construction of this series. Lightweight panels made it possible not only to increase the number of storeys to 22-23 floors, but also to make the houses warm.

The I-700A series was considered successful and was actively built in large cities from 1980 to 1990, until it was replaced by more modern analogues. 700A has many advantages, such as sufficient apartment area, isolated rooms, a loggia in each apartment and the absence of internal main walls (with the exception of three-room apartments). All load-bearing walls are located along the perimeter of the apartment, which allows for large-scale redevelopment, and its possible options We will now demonstrate the reconstruction using the example of a two-room apartment.

The apartment with a total area of 50.3 meters consists of a kitchen (8.5 sq. m), a separate bathroom, an entrance hall, two living rooms and a loggia. The apartment has two ventilation shafts, which are located in the main walls. The original layout also includes built-in wardrobes in the hallway.

First option. No demolition.

The initial characteristics of the apartment are acceptable, so it is possible to create a comfortable living environment without redevelopment.

For the living room was chosen a large room, and the smaller one houses the bedroom. However, pay attention to the bed. Its size is 1600x1900, which is the minimum standard size of a mattress, and if this size is inconvenient for you, then you should change the assignment of the rooms.

Everything in the bathroom remains unchanged, and a small sink has been added to the bathroom to ensure compliance with sanitary standards.

The built-in wardrobe in the hallway will perform its functions if you replace the old opening doors with new sliding doors with a mirror. Sliding doors for a closet are convenient because they do not require space to open them and they will not be in open form block the door to the bathroom.

Second option. Like the first one, but more interesting.

If you make minor redevelopment, you can use the space more efficiently: organize hidden cabinets and enlarge the bathroom.

Enlarging the bathroom at the expense of non-residential space is permissible, and we, using the permission, not only enlarged the bathroom and organized a full-fledged second bathroom, but also found a place for a laundry room: to the left of the sink you can place all the equipment for washing and drying, as well as for ironing and clothing storage.

The kitchen equipment is located along narrow walls, which allows not only to organize storage space, but also to place dinner table near the window.

Third option. Maximum possibilities.

The non-residential part of the apartment is slightly smaller than the residential part, and in specific situation this is a great advantage, since it allows you to refurbish the apartment without violating housing legislation. We believe that space should be organized efficiently, so instead of a large bathroom, as in the second option, we place a kitchen in the hallway, which is acceptable. Dismantling part of the partition old kitchen will unite the space and fill it with light from the window. In place of the old kitchen we have a living room and a storage room. The latter can even fit a bicycle.

A partition was moved in the living rooms, which made it possible to create rooms of the required size.

The third option has one drawback - a combined bathroom, which can provoke domestic conflicts. But they can be avoided by organizing a second restroom in place of the pantry, especially since the necessary communications pass there: water, sewage and exhaust.

Cozy home without special costs Kriksunova Inna Abramovna

Is it possible to break load-bearing walls?

You can't cut down a hut without taking an ax

Some people take on renovations so thoroughly that it's even a little scary! They are obsessed with the desire to remodel the entire apartment from A to Z. Such people, dreaming of redevelopment, do not even stop at breaking down the walls.

However, is it worth doing? Is it always safe? What might be the consequences of such a decision? This is what we will talk about now.

The most dangerous thing you can do is break the so-called bearing structures. This is fraught with the most unpleasant consequences, namely the collapse of the apartment of the neighbors living above you. Of course, this does not always happen. It would be more accurate to say that such a collapse happens quite rarely. But still, this danger really exists, and it cannot be neglected. It is not without reason that according to the law, a tenant (and even a homeowner) does not have the right to destroy the load-bearing structures of a house without the consent of specialist architects who carry out technical supervision over the operation of the housing stock.

In Soviet times, most people were not owners, they were only renters of apartments. So, if one of the residents, of his own free will, without the approval of technical supervision, demolished the load-bearing walls and remodeled the apartment, then by a court decision he could be forced to restore everything as it was original form. This eloquently demonstrates how important load-bearing structures are for the safety of all residents of the house.

I don’t know exactly what rules exist in housing legislation today, but in any case, if you decide to redevelop your apartment, you must approach this issue extremely seriously. Don’t be lazy, go to the PIB (district design and inventory bureau). There are plans for each and every residential area in your area. Of course, do not report there that you are going to break down the walls, just ask to show you the floor plan of your apartment. By the way, all passing communications are indicated on it. Study this plan and see which walls are load-bearing and which are not.

In addition, look at which walls contain wells with ventilation shafts, telephone and electrical cables and similar communication lines. If you yourself do not understand these issues, then take with you a person with an engineering education who can understand the design features of your walls. And only after you consult with a specialist can you make a final decision.

If you take on the major demolition of walls, as they say, right off the bat, then no matter the hour, you can end up with headache, and what a one! It's good if you live in top floor, and then the weakening of the supporting structures will not affect anyone but you. What if you live on the first or second floor and there are eight, ten, twelve more apartments right above you? Imagine for a moment that the load-bearing wall you demolished weakens the strength of the wall supports, they cannot withstand and collapse. And then what? It’s scary to even think... How much money compensation for material damage could cost you! Please note that if you break the load-bearing structures without official permission and this ultimately leads to serious consequences, then any court will clearly not be on your side.

In short, as you already understand, I urge you, before making such a drastic decision, to think carefully and weigh everything. Perhaps, in your particular case, demolishing a wall does not mean anything terrible. Then, as they say now, the flag is in your hands!

In general, you can radically update your apartment and make it more comfortable without such radical steps. There are a lot of witty ideas for this. design solutions. In order to implement them, you just need to move your brains properly. Surround yourself with interior design magazines, study them carefully, and I have no doubt that you will be able to find very original and interesting ideas, which you will want to immediately implement!

Town house - a new solution to the housing problem

What is a town house? It is 2-3 storey a private house superior comfort, located within the city, in an ecologically clean area, with a lot of greenery. Townhouse combines advantages country house and a city apartment.

It is clear that people with fairly high incomes settle in such houses: entrepreneurs, successful lawyers and doctors, famous athletes, popular artists, officials, etc. Interestingly, many of them sold their prestigious, beautifully renovated apartments in the city center in order to move to town houses. For what, you ask? It’s just that these people realized that their private territory should be distant from the center, and they want to live, albeit a twenty-minute drive from the center, but where the air is clean and neatly trimmed lawns are green.

An invaluable advantage of town houses is that the social environment in them is homogeneous. Here you will not meet a suspicious person with a swollen face, or a noisy group of aggressive teenagers. There is no risk of getting stuck in an antediluvian elevator, getting your foot into a puddle at the entrance, or driving your car into one of the yard holes.

The area where the town houses are located is guarded. It is well lit and reigns everywhere impeccable cleanliness, the paths are tiled. Each townhouse is adjacent to land plot. And although it is small, you can relax there no worse than at the dacha, for example, sit in a sun lounger with a book, sunbathe, play ball, etc.

Another advantage of such housing is that, although the designs of these houses are standard, the future owner of a townhouse can, if desired, become a co-author of the architect. At his request, the architect can change the layout, for example, combining the kitchen with the dining room, increasing the number of bedrooms, etc.

In general, not a house, but a dream! Imagine yourself for a moment as the happy owner of a town house, inviting friends to visit: “I invite you to my place, my private house is located near the center, just twenty minutes away by car!”

From the book 3000 practical tips for the home author Baturina Anna Evgenievna

From the book Workshop. Tools. Adaptations author Melnikov Ilya

A tool can be purchased or made. Purchasing a tool is a responsible matter. When choosing it in a store, you need, first of all, to focus on your level, as well as the following things: Multifunctionality Safety Energy intensity Own

From the book Bedroom author Lyakhova Kristina Alexandrovna

Walls Wall decoration is very important. This will determine whether the bedroom becomes a bright and spacious room, or a small and cozy room in which it is pleasant to relax, or an unattractive room in which you will experience

From the book DIY Furniture author Onishchenko Vladimir

What can you make from an old wardrobe? Old furniture from the time of our grandparents' youth is back in fashion today. It gives a kind of contrast modern interior our apartments. Of course, such furniture can only be placed if it is in

From the book How to make country house cozy and comfortable author Kashkarov Andrey Petrovich

2.5. What shrubs can be used as ground cover, decorating rockeries, slopes or trunk circles under trees? If it is appropriate to plant in rockeries decorative forms coniferous trees and small in size, decorative leaves and beautifully flowering

From the book Modern Apartment Plumber, Builder and Electrician author Kashkarov Andrey Petrovich

From the book The Real Man's Handbook author Kashkarov Andrey Petrovich

What and how can useful fertilizers be made from? Whatever we use as fertilizer is beneficial if there is no “chemistry” in the fertilizer. It is wise to pay attention not only to what may literally lie under your feet (cow dung), but also to

From book Latest encyclopedia proper repair author Nesterova Daria Vladimirovna

Is it possible to smoke hookah without harming your health? Smoking a hookah is now in fashion. All more people prefer aromatic smoke to cigarettes. And, even more so, in connection with widespread smoking bans, the popularity of hookahs has increased. It is interesting that American doctors from

From the book Your Own Plumber. Plumbing country communications author Kashkarov Andrey Petrovich

Walls When creating an interior in english style the most important role is played by the walls, for the repair of which heavy textured wallpaper, combined with wood paneling, moldings, cornices and pilasters. The walls can be painted, and the painting can be divided into 3 levels,

From the book Cottage. Construction and finishing by Ronald Mayer

Walls When decorating a room in high-tech style professional designers It is advised to abandon wallpaper and give preference to light paint. The most matching colors for painting walls - white, light gray, sand and beige. It is not recommended to decorate walls

From the book Entertaining Electronics [Unconventional Encyclopedia useful diagrams] author Kashkarov Andrey Petrovich

From the book Cosmetics and Soap self made author Zgurskaya Maria Pavlovna

Now you can make a basement floor. Developers who build walls from porous concrete blocks do not make a mistake if they decide to use ready-made floor parts made from the same material. This creates a homogeneous structure with the best structural and physical properties.

From the book Speech without preparation. What and how to say if you are caught by surprise author Sednev Andrey

2.1. How you can use the KR1006VI1 microcircuit to make several useful

From the author's book

3.6. What can be made from an odor spray device? A household appliance with a fan system made in China, model SCJ-IC-163, went on sale quite recently. It is a device powered by two batteries (cells) of size AAA LR06 with a nominal voltage of 1.5 V each,

From the author's book

Why “reinvent the wheel” when you can go to the store? 1. Absolute confidence in the composition and quality. You won’t add mineral oil to the cream for your loved one instead of olive oil, and you won’t reduce the concentration of vitamins for commercial gain!2. No harmful

Any architectural and construction project consists of three parts: architectural, design and engineering. This is a document without which the developer will not receive permission to begin construction.

The main part of the project is the architectural and design sections. If the customer is absolutely sure that the construction team will have intelligent specialists in engineering networks, then they can refuse to develop this part of the project in a specialized company. But it is necessary to understand that the architect, designer and engineer work on the project together and such aspects as, for example, grooves and openings in the walls for laying pipes and wires are provided for by them in advance.

The engineering part of the project is divided into several parts

Water supply and sewerage (WSC)

water supply scheme
sewerage diagram
general form systems.

Before starting design, it is necessary to decide what kind of communication will be - individual or connected to centralized system.

Individual water supply provides complete independence from external conditions. But you must remember that you will need your own water sources, and drilling a well will cost a decent amount.

Connecting to a centralized system will require developing a project in accordance with the technical conditions of the existing network and obtaining permission to connect.

When connecting a sewerage system to a centralized system, the procedure is the same as when connecting a water supply: submitting a request to the relevant services, developing a project, obtaining permission to tap into the system. If you decide to organize an individual sewer system, then from time to time you will have to invite a sewer service.

Heating and ventilation (HVAC)

heating diagram: calculation of the required equipment power, distribution diagrams of heating mains, location of pipes and radiators
ventilation scheme: link to power electrical equipment, ventilation communications and shafts, passage nodes and, if necessary, placement of stoves and fireplaces
boiler piping (if necessary)
general instructions and recommendations for the section.

If the ventilation system is always an individual design, then heating can be either individual (stove, air, water, electric) or connected to centralized networks.

Power supply (ETR)

lighting wiring
power network wiring
ASU diagram
grounding system
detailed description and characteristics of all system elements.

Electrical systems can be divided into mandatory and optional. Mandatory items include interior and exterior lighting, ventilation, air conditioning and electric heating systems. Additional systems include systems such as “Warm floor” or automated control gate.

IMPORTANT

Each part of the engineering section of the project must contain general and technical descriptions, specifications of materials and required equipment.
Drawings of elements of all systems and floor electrical wiring are carried out on a scale of 1:100.

Price: from 100 rub. per m²

Package "Utility networks"

Project utility networks will allow you to competently lay communications and make the house truly comfortable and modern.

Price: from 100 rub. per m²

Making changes to the project

Often the customer is faced with the question: choose standard project home and save money, while losing on the originality of your future home, or order an individual project, but for a lot of money.

Our company offers a compromise option. You order a standard project, and we make changes to it, taking into account all your wishes as much as possible. Of course, this involves additional costs, but, in any case, such a project will cost much less than work for a specific order. And we will make sure that your home looks original.

The following changes can be made to the house design:

move wall partitions. But only if they are not load-bearing. This operation will allow you to change the size and purpose of the rooms

transfer of window and doorways will allow you to change the lighting of the rooms and organize easy access to the premises you need

changing the type of ceilings and walls will allow you to fully realize your own ideas about economical and rational housing

change the height of the ceilings. Although all our houses are designed with optimal height rooms 2.8 m, some customers believe that high ceilings- this is additional coziness and comfort

Converting an attic into living space will give you the opportunity to expand your own living space

It is worth changing the angle of inclination of the roof and awnings taking into account the climatic conditions of a particular region

it is necessary to change the type of foundation, taking into account the engineering and geological parameters of the soil. It is also possible to add or change a basement or ground floor

you can add, remove, change a garage or terrace, in accordance with your ideas about the functionality of your home

change in structural composition, construction and finishing materials will allow you to manage your own financial resources economically

the project in a mirror image will allow the house to organically fit into the surrounding landscape.

The changes made should not affect the safety of the home.

Too much a large number of changes, as a rule, do not improve the project. If you were unable to select from the catalogs suitable house, then maybe it’s worth ordering housing from an architect based on an individual project.

Price: from 2000 rub.

Making changes to the project

A house built according to a standard design can look original

Price: from 2,000 rub.

BIMx model

We keep up with the times and today we offer you the opportunity to receive, along with project documentation BIMx model - based on technology that provides simultaneous navigation through 2D documentation and 3D building models.

Now you can “twist, walk around inside, see your future Home from all sides” View all sizes and heights, opening specifications, etc. You will receive a file that will be your reliable, convenient assistant for monitoring construction.

*You receive the file electronically and use it using the BIMX application on Apple and Android mobile devices

The BIMX application is available for free in Play Market, App store

BiMx demo

BIMx model

BIMx model - interactive viewing of a three-dimensional model of your home. Now you can “twist, walk around inside, see your future Home from all sides”

Price 10,500 rub.

Package "Foundation adaptation"

When a standard house design is developed, certain average soil parameters are taken as a basis. But without accurate geological examination data, it is difficult to take into account all the nuances when designing. Therefore, often the engineering and geological characteristics of a real site differ significantly from those originally included in the project. This means that the foundation - the basis of the entire house - will need to be modified to make it strong and reliable.

To completely eliminate all problems when laying the foundation, our company’s specialists have developed the “Foundation Adaptation” package. When implementing a package, not only specifications, but also the wishes of the customer.

This package includes:

selection of foundation type
calculation of technical parameters:

Depth of laying the base of the foundation
- load bearing capacity
- indicators of soil stress under the foundation
- cross-sectional area of working reinforcement, etc.

detailed drawings of the zero cycle
cost sheet for construction materials.

Adaptation of the foundation provides a complete guarantee of its strength, and therefore the reliability of the entire building. You are guaranteed to get rid of problems such as shrinkage and cracks during operation. finished house. Moreover, often the adapted foundation turns out to be cheaper than the option originally included in the project. And this will help save materials and financial resources.

Price: 14,000 rub.

Package "Foundation adaptation"

A carefully prepared foundation project - a strong and reliable house

Price 14,000 rub.

Individual design

If you decide to build a house, then you have your own idea of what your dream home should be like. And if none of the standard projects suits you, it makes sense to think about individual project. In addition, all your wishes will be taken into account as much as possible: level of comfort, family composition, even the view from the window. It is clear that such a project will not be cheap. But you will know for sure that there is no other like it.
Sometimes, however, you have to resort to individual design. For example, a developer received a plot of land with a non-standard configuration, and not a single standard project simply fits into it. And it also happens that the number of changes made by the customer is such that it is easier and cheaper to design a house from scratch.

Stages of working on an individual project:

development terms of reference for house design
contract for design work
preparation of a preliminary design: linking the building to the area, external and internal view, layouts, sections
detailed study of project sections.

In addition, you can also order:

projects for additional structures - garage, workshop, bathhouse, etc.
visualization of the project in 3D format.

Ultimately, the customer receives a package of design documentation consisting of architectural and structural sections.

The project features:

General plan of the house linking it to the boundaries of the site.
Floor plans, which indicate the thickness of walls, lintels and partitions, room areas, specifications of windows and doorways.
Facade plans indicating finishing materials and color schemes.
Sections of the building and main components.
Drawings and sections of the foundation, material consumption sheet.
Overlap calculation, rafter system roofs, roof insulation and waterproofing units.

You can decide on the style of your future home in the “Individual Design” catalog.

Price: from 450 rub. / m²

Individual design

Realize your individuality!

Price: from 450 rub. / m²

Package "Tender proposal"

For any developer, the question from the funny nursery rhyme "what should we build a house...?" far from idle. Moreover, the cost of building a house depends on many factors. Therefore, you should not estimate costs by eye. Not having complete information, you won’t be able to calculate everything down to the smallest detail and, in the end, it will cost you more. And, in addition, a careful calculation of the cost of materials and work affects not only your finances, but also the time frame for building a house.

You can accurately calculate construction costs using the “Tender Offer” service developed by our specialists. Essentially, this is a document that provides full list all construction materials and works indicating their volumes.

Having a tender offer allows you to:

get a real picture of the costs of upcoming construction
attract construction company, which is able to offer the most favorable conditions for performing work
not only understand the essence of the construction process, but also competently control the consumption of building materials, independently adjusting prices for each item
competently control the actions of contractors at all stages of construction

tender proposal supported by information on the cost of materials and construction work- a serious argument for obtaining credit funds from a bank.

Package "Tender proposal"

Tender proposal:

Request a detailed estimate. Build for your own benefit!

Price 10,500 rub.

Anti-ice package

Snowdrifts and ice in winter time on the roof of your house cause a lot of trouble. You can, of course, climb onto the roof and swing a shovel in the cold for 2-3 hours - no matter what. But they have long been invented and widely used efficient systems snow melting and anti-icing. Their basis is heating cables. The system is organized according to the same principle as a “warm floor”. Only more powerful and the cable laying step is smaller.

The Anti-Ice package is developed taking into account the characteristics of the home's energy supply:

for the roof and gutters: snow melting in gutters, at the edge of the roof to prevent the formation of icicles and ice in pipes

for the entrance group: heated steps, paths and open areas

for the entrance to the garage: heated driveways

in addition, sometimes the Anti-Ice system is used to heat the soil in greenhouses, and for landscape heating of flower beds, lawns and lawns, as well as for heating sports facilities.

During the design process it is calculated minimum consumption electricity and is provided fire safety. When creating an Anti-Ice system, it is recommended to use only certified self-heating elements that do not support combustion. In addition, the system is equipped with an overheat shutdown device or a differential circuit breaker to automatically shut down the system when energy loss is detected. If the system turns out to be too large, it is divided into smaller sections. This makes it easier to manage its work.

Important:

For a multi-pitched roof, the specialists of our company will design the Anti-Ice system according to individual orders.

Price: 4500 rub.

Anti-ice package

Your comfort and safety in winter

Price 4,500 rub.

Package "Lightning protection"

Often developers do not give of great importance protecting their own homes from lightning: some save, some count, some hope for chance. But 3-4 years after building a house, many people remember lightning protection. The neighbor's roofing felts were all burned in a thunderstorm Appliances, then I came across statistics about how many fires due to lightning occur per year.

We propose to resolve the issue immediately: to provide protection already at the design stage of the house. This is worth thinking about, at least for purely aesthetic reasons - you won’t need to once again hammer into the walls of the house and pull the down conductor along the facade, disturbing the thoughtful appearance of the building.

Lightning protection for a home is a system of devices located both outside the home and indoors. External lightning protection prevents lightning from entering the house, internal - protects the electrical network from sharp jumps voltage. A special devices protect electrical equipment from sudden changes electromagnetic field within the radius of a lightning strike.

The Lightning Protection package includes

layout diagram of lightning rods that absorb direct lightning strikes
cross-sectional diagram of a down conductor diverting current from the lightning rod to grounding
diagram of a grounding loop that distributes lightning energy in the soil, ensuring complete safety
averaged resistance calculations
detailed list of required materials
recommendations for project implementation.

The Lightning Protection package from Dom4M guarantees your home safety even in the most severe thunderstorm.

Package "Lightning protection"

Lightning protection: think about safety in advance

Price 3,100 rub.

Package "Central vacuum cleaner"

"Central vacuum cleaner" is a type of aspiration system(removal of small particles by sucking them in with an air flow).

The system consists of:

vacuum cleaner(installed in the technical room);
air duct system along which the dust-air mass moves (hidden installation is often carried out in floor preparation or in the space behind false ceiling);
pneumosockets and pneumatic scoops(a flexible hose with telescopic rod and a nozzle, as in a regular vacuum cleaner, the latter are intended for express cleaning, usually in the kitchen).

Pros:

removable dusty no air gets in back into the room, and is “thrown out” after the unit onto the street;
No noise in cleaned areas.
Ease of cleaning without “dragging” the vacuum cleaner from room to room, without using extension cords.
Hidden installation system, there is nothing in the room except an air outlet.

Project price: from 3100 rub.

Package "Central vacuum cleaner"

"An integral part of modern house- comfort, cleanliness and Fresh air"

Project price: from 3,100 rub.

Package "Comfortable Home"

Explanatory dictionaries claim that comfort is a set of household amenities, without which life is unthinkable
modern man V modern house. Most of these amenities are included at the design stage. But we are ready to expand their list and help clients make their own homes as comfortable as possible.

Therefore, our company Dom4m has developed for you the “Comfortable Home” package, which will make your home cooler on a hot summer day, and cozy and warm on winter colds.

The Comfortable Home package includes

Warm floor project. This modern technology heating the house. It can be used by connecting to both a local and centralized heating system. In addition, heated floors can be both basic and additional source heat in the room. The main advantage of the system is that it creates a uniform thermal regime, does not dry out the air, and at the same time fits organically into any interior.
Design of a ventilation system with recovery. Unlike traditional systems, ventilation with recovery makes it possible to save significant money during operation. The essence of the system is that the exhaust air, passing through the recuperator, gives up its heat to the cold flow coming from the street. Everything ingenious is simple. This system allows you to significantly reduce heating costs. Savings reach up to 80%. And, in addition, the load on the network is reduced. In summer, using a ventilation system with recovery, you can cool warm air from the street. And here you already get savings from reducing energy consumption when air conditioning your home.
Air conditioning system design. This project offers you a choice of ducted air conditioner with distribution air flow by room or multi-split system, which allows you to connect several indoor units to an external unit at once.

The walls of private houses, cottages and other low-rise buildings are usually made of two or three layers with an insulating layer. The insulation layer is located on the load-bearing part of the wall made of bricks or small-format blocks. Developers often ask questions:
“Is it possible to save on wall thickness?”
“Isn’t it possible to make the load-bearing part of the wall of the house thinner than the neighbor’s or than provided for by the project?

On construction sites and in projects see a load-bearing brick wall with a thickness of 250 mm., and from blocks - even 200 mm. has become commonplace.

The wall turned out to be too thin for this house.

Loads and impacts on the walls of the house

Design standards (SNiP II-22-81 “Stone and reinforced stone structures”), regardless of the calculation results, limit the minimum thickness of load-bearing stone walls for masonry within the range from 1/20 to 1/25 of the floor height.

Thus, with a floor height of 2.5 ... 3 m. The wall thickness in any case should be more than 120 - 150 mm.

A vertical compressive load acts on a load-bearing wall on the weight of the wall itself and the overlying structures (walls, ceilings, roof, snow, operational load). The design compressive strength of brick and block masonry depends on the grade of brick or class of blocks for compressive strength and the grade of mortar.

For low-rise buildings, as calculations show, the compressive strength of a wall with a thickness of 200-250 mm made of brick is provided with a large margin. For a wall made of blocks, with the appropriate choice of block class, there are usually no problems either.

In addition to vertical loads, horizontal loads act on the wall (section of the wall), caused, for example, by wind pressure or transmission of thrust from the roof rafter system.

Besides, torques act on the wall, who seek to rotate a section of the wall. These points are due to the fact that the load on the wall, for example, from floor slabs or from a layer of insulation and facade cladding, is not applied in the center of the wall, but is shifted to the side faces. The walls themselves have deviations from the vertical and straightness of the masonry, which also leads to additional stresses in the wall material.

Horizontal loads and torques create bending load in the material on each section of the load-bearing wall.

How to make walls strong and stable

Strength, stability of walls with a thickness of 200-250 mm and less, it does not have a large margin for bending loads. Therefore, the stability of walls of the specified thickness for a particular building must be confirmed by calculation.

To build a house with walls of this thickness, it is necessary to choose a ready-made project with the appropriate wall thickness and material. We always entrust the adjustment of the project with other parameters to the selected thickness and material of the walls to specialists.

The practice of designing and building low-rise residential buildings has shown that load-bearing walls made of bricks or blocks with a thickness of more than 350 - 400 mm. have a good margin of strength and resistance to both compressive and bending loads, in the vast majority designs building.

The walls of the house, external and internal, resting on the foundation, together with the foundation and ceiling, form a single spatial structure (framework), which jointly resists loads and influences.

Creating a durable and economical building frame is an engineering task that requires high qualifications, pedantry and culture from construction participants.

A house with thin walls is more sensitive to deviations from the design, from standards and construction rules.

The developer needs to understand that the strength and stability of walls is reduced if:

wall thickness decreases;
the height of the wall increases;
the area of openings in the wall increases;
the width of the wall between the openings decreases;
the length of the free section of the wall, which has no support and interface with the transverse wall, increases;
channels or niches are installed in the wall;

The strength and stability of walls changes in one direction or another if:

change the wall material;
change the type of overlap;
change the type and size of the foundation;

Defects that reduce the strength and stability of walls

Violations and deviations from project requirements, construction norms and rules, which builders allow (in the absence of proper control on the part of the developer), reducing the strength and stability of walls:

are used wall material(bricks, blocks, mortar) with reduced strength compared to the project requirements.
anchoring is not performed metal bonds floors (slabs, beams) with walls according to the design;
deviations of the masonry from the vertical, displacement of the wall axis exceed the established technological standards;
deviations in the straightness of the masonry surface exceed established technological standards;
The masonry joints are not filled completely enough with mortar. The thickness of the seams exceeds the established standards.
excessive amounts of brick halves and chipped blocks are used in the masonry;
insufficient connection of the masonry of internal walls with external ones;
omissions of mesh reinforcement of masonry;

In all of the above cases of changes in the dimensions or materials of walls and ceilings, the developer must contact professional designers to make changes to the design documentation. Changes to the project must be certified by their signature.

Your foreman’s “let’s make it simpler” suggestions must be agreed upon with a professional designer. Control the quality of construction work done by contractors. When performing work on our own Avoid the above construction defects.

The norms of the rules for the production and acceptance of work (SNiP 3.03.01-87) allow: deviations of the walls according to the displacement of the axes (10 mm), by deviation of one floor from the vertical (10 mm), according to the displacement of the floor slab supports in plan (6...8 mm) etc.

The thinner the walls, the more they are loaded, the less safety margin they have. The load on the wall multiplied by the “mistakes” of designers and builders may turn out to be excessive (pictured).

The processes of wall destruction do not always appear immediately, but sometimes years after the completion of construction.

House made of blocks with wall thickness 180 mm.

The principles of designing a house with minimal wall thickness are clearly visible in the following photos. In house designs with thin walls, elements made of monolithic reinforced concrete are widely used.

The simple architectural form of the house allows the use of commonly available materials for construction and helps optimize construction costs.

The house has 114 m 2 usable area and is designed for a family of 4-5 people. In the attic there are three bedrooms and a bathroom.

On the ground floor along the southern facade with large windows there is a spacious living room combined with a dining room and kitchen. In the other part there is an office, a bathroom and a technical room.

Silicate blocks were used to lay the outer walls of the house. Wall thickness 180 mm. Thin walls increase usable area Houses.

The house is designed so that it has no internal load-bearing walls. Inside the house there is a load-bearing beam, which is supported by two columns inside and two columns built into the masonry of the external walls. The beam itself and the columns are made of monolithic reinforced concrete. This solution allows for a free layout of the premises on the floor.

To increase the resistance of the walls to loads, there is a monolithic reinforced concrete belt at the floor level of the first floor. A section of wall with wide, high windows and narrow walls on the southern facade are also made of monolithic reinforced concrete.

The roof of the house rests on a monolithic reinforced concrete belt on top of the attic walls. In the attic walls of the attic, on which the roof mauerlat rests, there are reinforced concrete columns. The need for columns in the outer walls is due to the fact that these walls do not have cross connections inside the attic. The absence of transverse walls allows for a free layout of the attic rooms.

Formwork for installing a monolithic column in external wall Houses. The column serves as a support for load-bearing beam inside the house.

Installation of formwork for monolithic columns along the edges of wide window openings.

In the background you can see the formwork for the columns inside the house. The two columns inside are located on the same axis with the columns built into the outer walls.

The floors in the house are prefabricated monolithic, often ribbed, on the same level as the monolithic reinforced concrete wall belt.

Monolithic ceiling, made integral with monolithic belt walls, together with the walls, create a single and durable spatial structure - the skeleton of the house.

Attic walls of the attic with a height of 1.3 m., on which the roof mauerlat rests, are reinforced with monolithic columns built into the masonry.

Formwork for the construction of monolithic columns and attic wall belts.
Southern facade of the house with openings for tall large windows. Visible inside monolithic beam, which rests on two columns inside and two columns built into the masonry of the outer walls.

The rafters of each roof slope at the top rest on a truss, the ends of which, in turn, lie on the opposite gable walls of the attic. This solution made it possible to abandon the intermediate posts of the ridge beam. As a result, the space inside the attic is free for planning. The angle of inclination of the roof slopes is 42 degrees.

House foundation— monolithic reinforced concrete slab thickness 250 mm. The foundation slab lies on a layer of insulation. Non-removable formwork made of insulation. Insulation slabs are laid along the perimeter of the foundation, under the blind area. This solution prevents freezing of the soil under the foundation.

Wall thickness 200-250 mm made of bricks or blocks is certainly advisable to choose for one-story house or for the top floor of a multi-story building.

A house of two or three floors with a wall thickness of 200-250 mm. build if you have it at your disposal finished project, tied to the ground conditions of the construction site, qualified builders, and independent technical supervision of construction.

In other conditions, for the lower floors of two- or three-story houses, walls with a thickness of at least 350 are more reliable. mm.

To ensure the strength and stability of a private house with a minimum wall thickness, the installation of a monolithic reinforced concrete belt has become standard. The belt is placed on top of the external and internal load-bearing walls on each floor of the house. Beams and floor slabs, roof slabs must be connected (anchored) with metal ties to a reinforced concrete belt on the walls of the house.

How to make load-bearing walls with a thickness of only 190 mm.,

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