Light emitting diodes have mass various kinds and performances that differ in parameters. The marking of LEDs, unfortunately, is not unified and is different for different manufacturers. In addition, unlike microcircuits and passive components, it is usually not applied to the case (due to lack of space), which makes it difficult to identify the component outside the packaging. LEDs are usually packaged in plastic tape, which are wound into coils (see the figure below). The marking of the LEDs is applied just to these coils.

Consider how the largest and most popular companies build the LED marking system.

Powerful lighting LEDs have next system markings:

SSSCCC-BD-0000-NNNN

• the first three letters indicate the series of LEDs, such as XPG for the XP-G series;
• then come the three letters of the chromaticity designation, encoded using the English abbreviations of the corresponding colors:
  • WHT - white;
  • HEW - high efficiency white;
  • BWT - second generation white ( we are talking about the second generation of white LEDs, for example, if the XP-G series was designated XPGWHT ..., then the XP-G2 series will be designated XPGBWT ...);
  • ROY - royal (bright) blue;
  • BLU - blue;
  • GRN - green;
  • AMB - orange;
  • RED - red, etc.
• two characters - color quality characteristic, color rendering index CRI:
  • 01 - white for outdoor lighting;
  • B1 - CRI min 70 (color rendering index not less than 70);
  • L1 - standard (typical) CRI - depends on the specific type of LED and its color temperature;
  • H1 - CRI min 80;
  • P1 - CRI min 85;
  • U1 - CRI min 90;
• four zeros - digits of the manufacturer's internal code, the purpose of which logical explanation does not lend itself (at least, in practice, another combination of these numbers has never been encountered);
• five digits - set number for correlated color temperature and light output. A huge number of variations of this number (as well as modifications of the LEDs of this manufacturer) does not allow covering these designations within the framework of one article, therefore, for unambiguous identification by the set number, you should refer to the manufacturer's data sheet developed for this series of LEDs.

An example of the designation of an XP-E2 series LED with a color rendering index of at least 80, a color temperature of 4300 K, and a luminous flux of at least 87.4 lm at a current of 350 mA: XPEBWT-H1-0000-00AE7.

Samsung

The LEDs of this electronic giant are marked with 18 characters.

Let's decipher this puzzle:

1, 2 - the letters SP, meaning "Samsung Package" - this is a constant component of the designation;

3 - LED power: H (high) - high, M (middle) - medium, also in the case special purpose there may be other letters in this place (for example, B - for backlight LEDs, F - for camera flashes, etc.);

4, 5 - emission color: WH (white) - white;

6 – product version (encoded with a letter);

7.8 - product designation;

9 - lens type D (dome) - domed;

10 - the main parameter, in this case, the power in watts - 3;

11 is a reserved character, while it does not mean anything - just 0;

13.14 - direct voltage drop of the LED, coded with a letter and a number in accordance with the table below.

An explanation is required here: the group E3 includes the bins E1, F1, G1, i.e. if the LED is marked with E3, then the voltage drop across it can vary, ranging from 2.7 to 3 V. The E6 group already includes the entire range (6 subgroups of the first order) from 2.7 to 3.3 V.

15, 16 are correlated CCT light temperatures coded according to the table below.

17.18 - the last two characters determine the nominal luminous flux.

As in the case of voltage drop, there are sets that include several bins.

PHILIPS Lumileds

The most popular of the LEDs of this company - Luxeon Rebel - has the following marking system:

• LXML - series designation;
• A - designation of the type of light distribution (P for Lambertian distribution);
• B - color designation (W - white);
• C - a shade of white (C - cold, N - neutral, W - warm);
• D - rated current (I for current 350 mA);
• E - the sign is reserved for future versions of this product;
• FGH is the luminous flux in lumens.

Thus, white LEDs tested at 350 mA are designated by the following template: LXML-PWxI-0xxx.

Luxeon LEDs of other series have a similar naming convention.

Such marking, unlike those discussed above, is more informative and allows you to evaluate the general parameters of the LED without even looking at the data sheet.

KINGBRIGHT

Production leader LED indicators uses the series number, color and type of lens in the marking.

A series of single LEDs starts with an L, such as "L-34".

Next comes the letter designation of the color (or colors, if these are multi-color LEDs). Each color breaks up into many shades by wavelength, which can be accurately selected using the manufacturer's detailed catalog. We give only the main notation:

• I, SR - red;
• N, SE - orange;
• Y - yellow;
• PB - blue;
• G, SG - green;
• PW, MW - white.

At the end of the designation is the characteristic of the lens:

• C - transparent colorless;
• T - transparent color;
• D, DT - color matte;
• SD - partially matte;
• W, WT - white matte.

Designation example:

L-43YD is a yellow L-43 series LED with a colored matte lens.

It's interesting to see the amazing speed at which technology changes. Thirty years ago, we were quite satisfied with the electronics we used, simple cars, somewhere uncomfortable and slow, modest houses without European-style repairs. But the way a person works is that he constantly strives for something more perfect, and now almost any sphere of life is subject to constant modernization. This process also touched on the display and lighting systems. Thus, incandescent lamps were replaced by more advanced semiconductor elements - LEDs.

Radiant Crystal

The history of the use of semiconductors is older than the use of electronic type lamps. who is considered the inventor of radio, was looking for the presence of radio waves with the help of a simple semiconductor device. The first Popov diode (detector) was made of a semiconductor crystal fixed in a holder and a spring pointed contact made of tungsten or steel. This contact relied on the area of ​​the semiconductor, and depending on the point of contact, the clearest signal of the radio station could be found.

The ability of some crystals to emit light under the action of a current was discovered a little later, by accident, but at first it was not used in practice. Now LEDs are widely used both in special equipment and in everyday life.

What is an LED, how does it look in the diagram?

An LED is a type of semiconductor element that has the property of a crystal to emit light under the action of a light passing through it. electric current. This effect does not manifest itself in all semiconductors, but only in those in which, in the process of recombination of electrons and holes, energy is released in the light range. An LED, like a conventional diode, has a p-n junction and passes current in only one direction.

A feature of the LED as a light-emitting device is that it directly emits light quanta. This distinguishes it from incandescent lamps, where the coil is first heated to a certain temperature, or halogen lamps with ionization effect. Energy losses in LEDs are minimal.

Structurally, the composition of the LED includes a substrate with a crystal deposited on it, leads for connecting to electrical circuit and the body, which is also an optical system. The designation of the LED on the diagram has a certain graphical expression, on the electronic board it is indicated by a special coding.

What is the LED used for, and how is this reflected in its image in the diagram?

The LED emits light, this is its purpose. And on the schematic image, this is clearly indicated by two arrows coming from the element. The application of the device has received a very wide:

Features of the designation of the semiconductor in the drawings

Technical norms and rules regulate the designation of the LED on the diagram. GOST 2.702-2011 prescribes:

LED - polarity designation

The designation of the LED on the diagram makes it easy to determine its polarity, but to determine it for a newly purchased element, you need to look at its contacts. The positive terminal of the anode is usually longer than the cathode.

If the LED is installed on the board, and for some reason it does not have element markings, then the polarity of the semiconductor can be determined by carefully looking at its case. On the side of the cathode (negative terminal) there is a flat notch on the case. Also, in transparent types of LED cases, its inside is visible. The similarity of the cup, in which the semiconductor crystal is located, has a direct connection with the cathode.

In the case when it is impossible to determine the polarity by the above methods, but there is an electronic multimeter available, you can use it. They take an ordinary diode with a known polarity, put the device into a continuity operation and connect it to a semiconductor. Remember the polarity when the diode conducts current. Connect the LED to the measuring probes. They make sure that it conducts current, note its polarity.

LED on board

When assembling printed circuit board radio installers use the diagram and the list of specification elements. In accordance with this list, a special marking is applied indicating the type of element and its position number on the diagram. Exists international standards designations on the board, which are widely used in imported equipment.

The designation of the LED on the board is present in the form graphic image, letter encoding and number. The first displays mainly the polarity of the semiconductor, the letters indicate the type of device, and the number indicates serial number it in the diagram and list.

The graphic designation of the LED on the board diagram is identical to its image in the drawing, but may not contain a circle around the diode icon. Letter coding is made in capital Latin letters - LED (imported schemes) and HL (domestic). The number is coming after the letters or at the bottom. Without a number, it is impossible to determine the parameters of a semiconductor that are not indicated on the board with rare exceptions.

LED marking

Letter designation the LED on the diagram (marking) carries all the information about the characteristics of a particular semiconductor device. The marking contains quite a lot of symbols, so it is not put on the body of the device, but is given in the circuit or on the packaging of unsoldered elements. LEDs in tapes come in coils in coils, on which marking symbols are affixed. Character encoding reflects:

• product series.
• LED light color. Modern light emitting diodes are white, green, red, blue, orange, yellow.
• The quality of the color stream. For example, an LED for lighting in the house or on the street, instrument indication, backlighting, for image matrices.
• Lens type. There are devices that scatter light and narrowly directed radiation with domed, transparent and frosted lenses.
• Luminous power.
• Power consumption of electricity.
• Manufacturer identification code. Has no practical value.
• Reserve symbols. Manufacturers leave them for possible modification of elements.

There is no specific standard in LED labeling, so each manufacturer has its own coding. It is impossible to remember it, but there are not so many serious manufacturers of this product on the market. Among them are firms such as Philips, Cree and Samsung.

Conclusion

In addition to conventional LEDs with pins, there are SMD LEDs with contact pads. They differ in small sizes. The letter designation of this type of LED on the diagram is identical to the LED elements, but on the board it is simplified and usually comes down to indicating the polarity.

An economically viable alternative to LED sources has not yet been invented, which predicts a general transition to this type of lighting in the coming years. But for the correct use of these sources, it is necessary to understand their main characteristics.

NEW!!! 3D LED LIGHTS - There is always a place for magic in life...

When classifying LED sources light uses parameters designed exclusively for these types lighting fixtures. This article is just intended to get acquainted with the features that distinguish the characteristics of LEDs from traditional light sources.

The strength and voltage consumed by the LED current

Almost all light emitting diodes are rated for a standard current of 20 mA. When calculating the resistance of an LED according to Ohm's law, this value is used.

An LED, like any diode, is capable of passing current in only one direction; for stable operation, it must be constant. The power source for LED light sources is a choke, which gives the necessary characteristics of the current consumed. The LED crystal is designed for a voltage ranging from 0.5 to 6 volts.

Several LED chips can be placed on one substrate. The sum of the voltage indicators of all crystals will be the required indicator for such a light source.

It should be noted that in the electrophysical values ​​​​of LEDs there is an allowable spread in the current-voltage characteristic (CVC), this is due to the production technology. It is impossible to grow crystals with severely limited performance. Fitting of indicators is carried out by the calibration method.

Installation must be carried out in accordance with the marked polarity. If turned on incorrectly, the LED will close and will not work. If the voltage exceeds the limit of 5 volts, a breakdown will occur, which will lead to damage to the product.

For correct connection the cathode on DIP LEDs is indicated by a shorter leg, on SMD it will be saw cut on the substrate near the corresponding contact.

Luminous flux intensity, scattering angle

This characteristic very important in lighting, especially indoors. The intensity of the luminous flux is measured in Lumens (Lm). For comparison, a conventional 100 W incandescent lamp produces an indicator of 1000 Lm. For simple calculation voltage of the ice source, which will replace the incandescent lamp, you need to divide the classic voltage by 8. For example, a 100 W lamp will correspond to a 12 - 12.5 W LED.

It is important to realize that the source in question has a one-way direction of illumination, while a conventional incandescent lamp scatters light in all directions. The LEDs are directional. To increase the angle of dispersion in the design, special lenses are used. The scattering angle ranges from 20 - 120˚.

The ratio of efficiency parameters different sources light given for comparison:

1. Incandescent lamp - 10 Lm / W.
2. Fluorescent Lamp– up to 40 Lm/W.
3. LED - up to 140 Lm / W.

Crystal size

V general characteristics light emitting diodes can meet the value of the crystal size. This value is measured in Mils (mil), 1 mil corresponds to 0.0254 mm. Standard sizes crystal square 24x24, 24x40, 35x35 and 40x40 mil. It is believed that the larger its area, the greater the power consumption, while the heating during operation decreases and the overload limit increases. For comparison, 40x40mil measures 1.143x1.143mm and consumes about 1W.

Naturally, great importance has a material for manufacturing and the conditions under which the crystal was grown. The quality of the calibration also matters. This is to the fact that it is cheaper to buy LEDs of well-known brands, the performance of many Chinese ice light sources is overestimated.

Unscrupulous sellers often claim increased power. Paying attention to the size of the crystal, you can warn yourself against acquiring a fake.

For a clearer understanding of this characteristic, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the principles of color perception by the human eye. White light includes the entire spectrum. Getting on the objects around us, only that part of the spectrum that corresponds to the color of the object is reflected. Naturally, a source with a distorted spectrum will distort human color perception.

The Color Rendering Index (CRI) was developed to determine the degree of reliability of color reproduction under illumination by an artificial source. The values ​​of the color rendering index range from 0 to 100. A value of 100 corresponds to sunlight and is a comparative standard.

The full CRI index, at which the distortion will be minimal, should not be lower than 90.

Color characteristics

Light has a wave nature, the wavelength of the emitted wave determines the color and is measured in nanometers (nm). The human eye is able to perceive the range from 380 to 760 nm, which corresponds to the visible spectrum.

table color characteristics

It is noteworthy that the human eye has the highest sensitivity at 555 nm, therefore, a source with this parameter will have the highest degree of illumination.

Colorful temperature

This characteristic is derived by analogy with the color perception of the heated metal. Numerical limits are placed in the range from 800 to 7500 and are measured in Kelvin (K). The lowest indicator has red light - about 800 K, respectively, the highest - in cold blue.

Used for lighting White light. Color LEDs are mainly used for decorative and indication purposes. White color according to the criteria of color temperature is divided into three subcategories:

1. Warm - 2700 - 3500 K.
2. Neutral - 3500 - 5300 K (the most balanced for perception).
3. Cold - 5300 - 7500 K.

Maximum operating temperature

Operating temperature is one of the most important characteristics LED. At work, it stands out a large number of heat, an excess of which can lead to a drop in the intensity of light emission, and in the future to complete damage to the LED. Some ultra-bright crystals are able to heat up to a temperature of 150˚ C.

Manufacturers have introduced the concept of "maximum working temperature» to determine the limits of the temperature regime in which the operation of the ice source will be optimal. Meaning allowable temperature are indicated in the general passport data.

To combat excess temperature, aluminum and copper heat sinks are used. Low-power SMD LEDs are mounted on a board (substrate), which also acts as a cooler. For improved heat transfer, the junction of the LED and the radiator is lubricated with thermal paste.

Lifetime

This parameter indicates the expected duration of the LED chip. Indication LEDs have a lifespan of up to 100,000 hours. For ultra-bright sources, this figure is a maximum of 60,000 hours. Manufacturers from the Middle Kingdom often overestimate this figure.

To extend the service life, it is necessary to observe temperature regime ice lamp work. In other words, the more efficient the cooling, the lives longer a source.

Conclusion

When choosing LEDs, it is advisable to give preference to brands that have proven themselves. The cost of these light sources is much higher than traditional ones, therefore, the payback period is also increased. Posing for a cheap product with poor performance, you can simply throw money away and, on the contrary, LED products from trusted manufacturers usually work out the stated period. Moreover, when purchasing branded LED-based lighting products, as a rule, a guarantee is provided.

Exactly the same as with food products, y LED lamps has its own label and markings. This is necessary so that you better understand what you are buying. Also, the purpose of the label is to make buying LED lamps easier compared to incandescent and CFL compact fluorescent lamps.

To help consumers evaluate lamp performance, the US government has passed the Energy Independence and Energy Security Act. This law was aimed at tightening the requirements for labeling LED lamps. Now this law has become a standard for all manufacturers in Europe. Marking allows consumers to choose an LED lamp by evaluating its brightness and cost of operation, and not just the rated power and cost of the product.

In this article, we will try to make out what the marking of LED lamps is, what manufacturers write on the packages, and most importantly, what it all means. Let's try to understand how, based on this information, you can choose.

Packing of LED lamp

The first place where the marking will be placed, of course, is the packaging of the lamp itself. Here is all the information we need. True, it is not always clear what to do with it and how to understand it.

Let's take a look at some packaging examples:

As you can see, each of them has similar indicators, these are the brightness of the lamp in lumens, its power consumption, color rendering, color temperature, as well as a few more incomprehensible icons. But let's talk about everything in order.

Power

The wattage must be indicated on the label of the LED lamp. This is the amount of current the lamp will draw per hour. For example, a power of 15 watts means that this light bulb uses only 15 watts of energy in one hour of operation, and to gain one kilowatt, it will need to work as much as 66 hours. Typically, the power of LED lamps is in the range of 1 - 25 watts. These are the same Watts that we are used to when using incandescent lamps. But now we can't estimate the brightness from them as before. LEDs from different manufacturers can consume different amount current at the same rage, so lumens are now used to measure this parameter, and Watts mean only what they really mean - energy consumption.

Life time

Sometimes manufacturers of LED lamps indicate the lamp life on the packages. It is important to understand that the service life is a very approximate value. It depends on many factors, such as the stability of the power supply, environment, diode quality, etc. Under normal conditions, according to statistics, LED lamps can work up to 50,000 hours. But manufacturers often quote lower numbers, such as 20,000 hours and a two-year warranty.

Energy efficiency class

As far back as 1992, an EU directive required manufacturers of electrical appliances to indicate the EC energy efficiency rating on packaging. This value showed how efficiently the device uses energy. The class was designated by Latin letters from A to G. Class A meant the minimum use of energy and the most high efficiency, and class G is the highest energy consumption. In fact, this is the ratio of the power consumed by the lamp to the produced luminous flux. With the invention of LED lamps, the A+ and A++ classes were introduced, showing even higher efficiency. In this class, it is easy to compare products and choose a more efficient lamp.

Type of flask and base

The marking of LED lamps should also include the type of bulb and base. Everything was very simple with incandescent lamps, one bulb, one base, there are also various options. We have already considered in detail the shapes of flasks and socles in the article types. For example, A55 is a standard bulb shape, like an incandescent lamp, C35 is a candle shape. If the shape of the bulb is not so important, then you should pay attention to the type of base, take the wrong base, the lamp simply will not screw in. The base of the incandescent lamp is marked E27.

Colorful temperature

Colorful temperature actually has nothing to do with normal temperature. It shows the shade of color that the lamp will emit. So agreed that more yellow tones have a low light temperature, while bluer ones have a high light temperature. Color temperature is measured in Kelvin. warm colors start at 4000, 4000-5000 neutral and 6000 cold. Here, of course, everything depends on a matter of taste, but the human eye is not used to very cold and bright colors, pay attention to the warmer ones.

Light flow

So we got to the most interesting. It is with the help of this parameter that the brightness of the light that the lamp will emit is determined. The luminous flux is defined in lumens, denoted by the abbreviation Lm. This value indicates how much light will fall on one square meter room surface. LED lamps are able to give very high brightness and require much more energy for this. It may be difficult for you to figure out how much brightness you need in lumens right away. But to make it easier, you can look at the table of analogues of brightness in lumens for the brightness we are used to in Watts for incandescent lamps:

In general, the norm for rooms is 50 - 300 lumens per square meter of the room. It is clear that this also depends on the color of the walls and ceiling. And there already guess.

Scattering angle

An incandescent lamp diffuses light almost 360 degrees. The LED lamp works a little differently. Typically, LEDs can only shine in one direction, and a lens system is used for diffusion. Therefore, the marking of LED lamps very often includes a scattering angle. Here, the more, the better. The norm for lamps replacing incandescent lamps can be considered an angle of 260 - 300 degrees.

Network settings

The normal operation of the LED lamp is very dependent on the parameters of the power supply. Therefore, the label usually indicates the voltage at which the lamp can operate, as well as the strength of the current that can pass through it. The larger the limit of the supported voltage, the better. The voltage in the network is not stable, in some settlements it can drop to 180 or rise to 240 volts. In principle, these are normal mains fluctuations, and the packaging of many lamps indicates that they can handle them.

conclusions

Now you know what the marking of LED lamps for the home means and you can choose exactly what you need. LED lamps have many more options than conventional incandescent lamps, but this makes them more efficient and the choice is wider.

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