Real Russian Alphabet.
Grigori Ovanesov.
Grigory Tevatrosovich Ovanesov.
ALPHABET OF A SINGLE LANGUAGE.
№__ch.z.__r.__No.__ch.z.__r.____No.__ch.z.____r.____No.__ch.z.___r.
1__1___a___10__10____w____19___100____y____28__1000____r
2__2___b___11__20____i_____20__200____m_____29__2000____s
3__3___y____12__30___l_____21__300____th____30___3000___v
4__4___d____13__40___x_____22__400____n____31__4000____t
5__5___е____14__50___s______23__500____ш____32__5000___р
6__6___z____15__60___k______24__600____o____33__6000___c
7__7___e____16__70___h______25__700____h____34__7000___y
8__8___s____17__80___z______26__800____p___35___8000___f
9__9___t____18___90___g____27__900____j____36___9000___q
_____________________________________________________________________________
# - The number of the letter. h.z. - the numeric value of the letter. R. - Russian alphabet.
To indicate the beginning of a sentence, you must use the same letters with an increased size. It also means that the letter h is a soft voicing of the letter Г, which is used in Russian, but is not recorded and is used in dialects (adverbs), especially by shepherds when they drive cows reproducing the sound he (ge). Such a pronunciation of the letter G as h is considered non-literary. In addition, the same letter G as a throaty thin wheezing sound is written as g. Moreover, the letters “e” are voiced as “yyy”, “t” as “tx”, “s” as “tc”, “z” as “dz”, “j” as “j”, r as a solid (English) “ p” and “q” as “kh”. There are no diphtones Ya (ya), Yu (yu), E (ye) and Yo (yo) in the alphabet, since their sounding by separate mono sounds already exists in the alphabet. Of course, b and b signs are not letters, since they are not voiced, and cannot be used in the alphabet. In the process of voicing the letters of the alphabet, people actively used a wide range of sounds that animals and birds make, imitating them. Of course, the predecessors of the alphabet in graphic notation are two interconnected alphabets compiled millions of years ago. They were restored by me for the first time in the world, with the same number of letters, which ensured upright posture, the development of grasping movements and the creation of the semantic content of words with the voicing of letters. Moreover, having restored two ancient ABCs, I turned out to be their modern creator. In addition, with the help of the ABC, the concepts of counting and numbers with letter-by-letter notation and designation with the fingers of the hand were introduced, the decimal system of counting units, the concepts of length and time were compiled. Actually, the number of fingers with gaps between them on the hands and feet is four nines, which together make up the number 36.
Thus, with the help of the Unified Alphabet, a letter-by-letter way of writing numbers was created. For example, the number 9999 was originally written letter by letter as q j g t or 3446 as vnkhz (see the alphabet above). Actually, it was not easy for me to figure out the mechanism of letter-by-letter recording of numbers and numbers on my own. For this, I used only the alphabet with the numerical values of the letters. In principle, this is a very serious topic, so I singled it out separately.
Moreover, for the first time in the world, I gave the definition of NUMBER and NUMBER.
In this case, the Number is the number in the record voiced by a letter or a word.
So a Number is a quantity written either letter by letter or by numbers.
Of course, the quantity is HOW MUCH.
It should be borne in mind that the number 0 is voiced by the word “zero, zero”, the number 1 is voiced by the word “one, one”, the number 2 is voiced by the word “two, two”, etc., and on different languages in your own words.
Moreover, the reflection of the Unified Alphabet in the form of the positions of the fingers and their grasping movements made it possible to substantiate how all numbers up to the largest from 10,000 and beyond, which are now used for counting, were created.
In the alphabet, the numerical values of the letters determine the order in which the columns (groups) are distributed. In the first nine (first column), the digital record of the numbers of letters and their numerical values are written in the same way. In this case, the numbers of the other three columns of letters are written in two-digit numbers. And the numerical values in each column include significant figures from 1 to 9. Moreover, in the second column, one zero is added to each of these numbers, in the third column, two zeros and in the fourth column, three zeros. There is also a complete correspondence between each digital entry of a two-digit letter number and its numerical value.
It should be borne in mind that Russian-speaking people, due to the lack of a significant number of letters (mono sounds) of the first alphabet in the world, with the help of which the semantic content of words and their voicing were created, have serious problems with the study of other dialects of the common language of the peoples of the world.
The importance of writing in the development of mankind is difficult to overestimate. Back in the era when the alphabet did not exist in sight, ancient people tried to express their thoughts in the form of rock inscriptions.
Alphabet of Elizabeth Boehm
First they drew figurines of animals and humans, then various signs and hieroglyphs. Over time, people managed to create easy-to-understand letters and put them into an alphabet. Who was the creator of the alphabet of the Russian language? To whom do we owe the opportunity to express ourselves freely through writing?
Who laid the foundation of the Russian alphabet?
The history of the emergence of the Russian alphabet goes back to the 2nd millennium BC. Then the ancient Phoenicians came up with consonants and used them for a long time to draw up documents.
In the VIII century BC, their discovery was borrowed by the ancient Greeks, who significantly improved the letter by adding vowels to it. In the future, it was the Greek alphabet, with the help of which statutory (solemn) letters were compiled, that formed the basis of the Russian alphabet.
Who created the Russian alphabet?
In the Bronze Age in Eastern Europe Proto-Slavic peoples lived, speaking the same language. 
Primer Slavonic letters Greatest Teacher B. Jerome of Stridon
Around the 1st century AD, they began to break up into separate tribes, as a result of which several states inhabited by Eastern Slavs were created in these territories. Among them was Great Moravia, which occupied the lands of modern Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, partly Ukraine and Poland.
With the advent of Christianity and the construction of temples, people needed to create a written language that would allow them to record church texts. To learn how to write, the Moravian prince Rostislav turned to the Byzantine emperor Michael III for help, who sent Christian preachers Cyril and Methodius to Moravia. In 863, they came up with the first Russian alphabet, which was named after one of the preachers - Cyrillic.
Who are Cyril and Methodius?
Cyril and Methodius were brothers from Thessalonica (now the Greek Thessaloniki). In those days, in their hometown, in addition to Greek, they spoke the Slavic-Thessalonica dialect, which formed the basis Church Slavonic.
Initially, Cyril's name was Konstantin, and he received his second name just before his death, having taken a monastic vow. In his youth, Constantine studied with the best Byzantine teachers of philosophy, rhetoric, dialectics, and later taught at the University of Magnavra in Constantinople. 
Monument to Saints Cyril and Methodius in Saratov. The author of the photo is Zimin Vasily.
In 863, having gone to Moravia, with the help of his brother Methodius, he created. distribution center Slavic writing became Bulgaria. In 886, the Preslav book school was opened on its territory, where they were engaged in translations from the Greek language and copied Cyrillic and Methodius originals. Around the same time, the Cyrillic alphabet came to Serbia, and at the end of the 10th century it reached Kievan Rus.
Initially, the first Russian alphabet had 43 letters. Later, 4 more were added to it, and the 14 former ones were removed as unnecessary. The first time some of the letters appearance resembled Greek, but as a result of an orthographic reform in the 17th century, they were replaced by those that we know today.
By 1917, there were 35 letters in the Russian alphabet, although in fact there were 37 of them, since Yo and Y were not considered separate. Additionally, the letters I, Ѣ (yat), Ѳ (fita) and V (zhitsa) were present in the alphabet, which later disappeared from use.
When did the modern Russian alphabet appear?
In 1917-1918, a major spelling reform was carried out in Russia, thanks to which the modern alphabet appeared. Its initiator was the Ministry of Public Education under the Provisional Government. The reform began before the revolution, but was continued after the transfer of power to the Bolsheviks. 
Wikimedia Commons / Jimmy Thomas ()
In December 1917 the Russian statesman Anatoly Lunacharsky issued a decree according to which all organizations were ordered to use the new alphabet, consisting of 33 letters.
Although the spelling reform was prepared before the revolution and had no political underpinnings, at first it was criticized by opponents of Bolshevism. However, over time, the modern alphabet took root and is used to this day.
We are so accustomed to using the alphabet that we don’t even think about how convenient this order of letters is. Many ancient peoples knew what the alphabet was, the modification of the alphabet was carried out as it improved writing, and its final form alphabets various countries already purchased ours at the time.
Definition of the alphabet
What is an alphabet? Modern linguists define three features that distinguish each ordered letter system. It:
A certain order of construction of letters denoting sounds;
A system of diacritical marks and superscript characters that change the reading of the same letter or modify the signs of sound;
Names of letters and signs. For example, the letter "A" in the Old Slavonic alphabet was read as "az", in the modern English language- like "hey".
Previously, another feature of the alphabet was the use of letters as numbers in counting. Sometimes we even now use letters instead of serial numbers. But in the vast majority of cases, the use of numbers is much more convenient.
The number of letters is approximately equal to the number of the most used phonemes in the language. Nevertheless, the language changes and lives its own life, introducing new or foreign words into speech and removing obsolete idioms and expressions from use. The set and order of the letters of the alphabet changes extremely rarely.
Religion and alphabet
According to many religions of the world, writing is a gift from the Gods. For example, the legends of the Phoenicians say that the god of wisdom Tautu gave them writing, and the great Anubis taught the ancient Egyptians how to draw letters. But even ancient traditions cannot answer what the alphabet is and why it arose. To solve the riddle of the alphabet, you need to look for answers from historians and linguists.
Ancient alphabets
According to scientific data, the first alphabetic letter dates back to the 3rd millennium BC. It arose at the intersection of ancient written cultures - Sumerian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphics. It was an era of great migrations and resettlements - the exodus of the ancient Israelite people from Egypt, the destruction of Troy and the decline of the Hittite kingdom.
The first alphabets used in their composition various sound terms, which denoted both a sound and a concept at the same time. The main written signs of the ancient peoples were closely connected with their religious and ideological ideas about the world around them. Later, this connection was lost, and the primary letters of the alphabet became the basis for universal tool fixation of any dialect and language. Thus began the victorious procession of the alphabetic alphabet around the world. The oldest alphabet found belongs to the Phoenicians. It had 22 letters. The language of this forgotten people became the ancestor of Aramaic and Greek writing.
What are the alphabets
Linguists divide alphabets on the basis of naming sounds in a particular language. So, there are vocal, consonant and neosyllabic alphabets.
The letters of the Russian alphabet, like the letters of most European languages, belong to the vocal group. Here each sound is denoted by one or two letters. For example, the letters "e", "yu", "i" can actually mean separate syllables. But in general, the vocalistic alphabet clearly reflects the pronounced sounds in writing.
The letters of the alphabet of the consonant group in writing denote only syllables or consonant sounds. Vowel sounds are indicated by various diacritical symbols or the so-called matres lectionis - these are letters that represent semi-vowels or aspirated sounds. Such languages are Arabic language, Phoenician and Hebrew.
The alphabet of the Ethiopian language or the Indian people of Devanagari belongs to the third, neosyllabic group. The writings of these languages use syllables with the same composition, but with different pronunciations of vowels. The length of the vowel sound and its vowel sound become significant. Neosyllabic writing has a special structure, in which each sound is not only read in a certain order, but also pronounced differently.
Signs of written structure
Any writing system actively uses, in addition to the alphabet, the following techniques:
Graphic arts. This is the name for the methods of depicting letters and signs in writing;
Punctuation. So it is customary to call systems of signs that separate words from each other and give the written a finished look and a fuller meaning;
Spelling. This is a cumulative designation of the correct spelling of certain words, as well as rules and techniques for checking such spelling.
Alphabets based on Greek
Not everyone knows what the alphabet based on the Greek language is. It is worth saying a few words about this separately. The Greek alphabet was the first to introduce vowels into writing. AT Greek for the first time, an order of letters was proposed, part of which is found in all modern alphabets. Greek writing developed in two directions - the eastern one, which was used by the inhabitants of Hellas and the cities-polises of Asia Minor and the Black Sea, and the western one, which was widespread in Italy, Sardinia, on the southern coasts of Spain and France. From Western Greek writing, Etruscan writing first developed, and then Latin, which laid the foundation for all written structures. Western Europe. The eastern part of the Greek alphabet was transformed into the Coptic and then into the Byzantine script, on the basis of which the letters of the Russian alphabet were developed. These are the ways of development of the written language.
So the question of what the alphabet is includes many interesting points, some of which have been outlined in this article. For more serious and scientifically based answers, one should turn to the works of historians. ancient world and linguists from various countries.
It is not always possible to find even the simplest things on the Internet, with regards to the numbering of the alphabet, the same thing.
The serial numbers of the letters, you can see in the table below, correct order and matching sequence number.
The letter A comes first.
The letter B is in second place.
The letter B is in third place.
The letter G is in fourth place.
The letter D is in fifth place.
The letter E is in sixth place.
The letter is in seventh place.
The letter J is in eighth place.
The letter Z is in ninth place.
The letter I is in tenth place.
The letter Y is in eleventh place.
The letter K is in twelfth place.
The letter L is in thirteenth place.
The letter M is in the fourteenth place.
The letter H is in fifteenth place.
The letter O is in sixteenth place.
The letter P is in seventeenth place.
The letter R is in eighteenth place.
The letter C is in nineteenth place.
The letter T is in twentieth place.
The letter U is in twenty-first place.
The letter F is in twenty-second place.
The letter X is in twenty-third place.
The letter C is in twenty-fourth place.
The letter H is in twenty-fifth place.
The letter W is in twenty-sixth place.
The letter Щ is in twenty-seventh place.
The letter b is in twenty-eighth place.
The letter Y is in twenty-ninth place.
The letter b is in the thirtieth place.
The letter E is in thirty-first place.
The letter Yu is in thirty-second place.
The letter I is in thirty-third place.
There are 33 letters in the Russian alphabet. Probably everyone knows this. And the serial number of the letter can be useful to solve some riddle, charade or read an encrypted letter.
Ordinal number of letters in the Russian alphabet.
- A - number 1 ,
- B - number 2 ,
- B - number 3 ,
- G - number 4 ,
- D - number 5 ,
- E - number 6 ,
- - 7 (some people forget that e and are still different letters, they should not be confused),
- F - 8,
- Z - 9,
- I - 10,
- Y - 11,
- K - 12,
- L - 13,
- M - 14,
- H - 15,
- O - 16,
- P - 17,
- R - 18,
- C - 19,
- T - 20,
- U - 21,
- F - 22,
- X - 23,
- C - 24,
- Ch - 25,
- Sh - 26,
- Shch - 27,
- b (solid sign) - 28,
- Y - 29,
- b (soft sign) - 30,
- E - 31,
- Yu - 32,
- I am 33.
Russian alphabet in reverse order looks like this (first comes the serial number, and after the number the letter itself)
- 33 - A,
- 32 - B,
- 31 -B,
- 30 - G,
- 29 - D,
- 2 - E,
- 27 - ,
- 26 -F,
- 25 - Z,
- 24 - And,
- 23 - th,
- 22 - K,
- 21 - L,
- 20 - M,
- 19 - H,
- 18 - Oh
- 17 - P,
- 16 - R,
- 15 - C,
- 14 - T,
- 13 - U,
- 12 - F,
- 11 - X,
- 10 - C,
- 9 - H,
- 8 - W,
- 7 -Sch,
- 6 - b,
- 5 - S,
- 4 - b,
- 3 - E,
- 2 - Yu,
- 1 -I.
The letter A serial number-1
B-serial number-2
B-serial number-3
The letter E has number 6
The letter has serial number 7
F- number 8
Letter Z-number 9
I- has serial number 10
E girlfriend Y- number 11
K-12 in a row
Letter L-13
We count the letter H as 15 in a row
16 is the letter O
b-28 letter of the alphabet
A a a serial number 1
B b be ordinal number 2
V v ve ordinal digit 3
G g ge serial number 4
D d de serial number 5
E e ordinal digit 6
ordinal 7
Well well ordinal number 8
Z z ze serial number 9
And and and ordinal number 10
th and short ordinal number 11
K to ka (not ke) ordinal number 12
L l el (or el, not le) ordinal number 13
M m em (not me) ordinal number 14
N n en (not ne) ordinal number 15
O o o ordinal number 16
P p pe ordinal number 17
R p er (not re) ordinal number 18
S with es (not se) ordinal number 19
T te ordinal number 20
y y ordinal number 21
F f ef (not fe) ordinal number 22
X x ha (not he) ordinal number 23
Ts tse ordinal number 24
H h th ordinal number 25
Sh sh sha (not she) ordinal number 26
Щ shcha (not yet) ordinal number 27
Ъ ъ solid sign ordinal number 28
S s s ordinal number 29
b b soft sign ordinal number 30
E e e (e negotiable) ordinal number 31
Yu Yu Yu Ordinal Number 32
I am I ordinal number 33
It is useful to know the serial numbers of the letters of the Russian alphabet, it is not bad to know the reverse numbering of letters, it is also sometimes required to know the numbering of pairs of letters that are equally distant from the ends of the alphabet. This knowledge can help in solving various kinds of logical problems.
So, the Russian alphabet is numbered in order:
Alphabet in reverse order:
Pairs of letters equally distant from the ends of the alphabet:
-
fourth
The letter Dd will be 5
Her letter will be 6
The letter will be 7
The eighth, ninth and tenth are the letters Zh, Z, I
Eleventh letter
twelfth letter
Hello dear guys! Greetings, dear adults! You are reading these lines, which means that someone once made sure that we could exchange information with the help of writing.
Drawing rock carvings, trying to tell something, our ancestors many centuries ago could not even think that very soon 33 letters of the Russian alphabet would add up to words, express our thoughts on paper, help read books written in Russian and allow you to leave your mark on history of folk culture.
And where did they all come to us from A to Z, who invented the Russian alphabet, and how did the letter come about? The information in this article may be useful for research work in 2nd or 3rd grade, so welcome to study in detail!
Lesson plan:
What is the alphabet and how did it all begin?
The word familiar to us from childhood came from Greece, and it is composed of two Greek letters - alpha and beta.
In general, the ancient Greeks left a huge mark on history, and they could not do without them here. They put a lot of effort into spreading writing throughout Europe.
However, many scientists are still arguing who would be the first, and in what year it was. It is believed that the Phoenicians were the first to use consonants as early as the 2nd millennium BC, and only then the Greeks borrowed the alphabet from them and added vowels there. This was already in the 8th century BC.
Such Greek writing became the basis of the alphabet for many peoples, including our Slavs. And among the most ancient are the Chinese and Egyptian alphabets, which appeared from the transformation of rock paintings into hieroglyphs and graphic symbols.
But what about our Slavic alphabet? We don't write in Greek today! The thing is that Ancient Russia sought to strengthen economic and cultural ties with other countries, and for this a letter was needed. Moreover, the first church books because Christianity came from Europe.
It was necessary to find a way to convey to all Russian Slavs what Orthodoxy is, to create their own alphabet, to translate church works into readable language. The Cyrillic alphabet became such an alphabet, and it was created by the brothers, popularly referred to as "Thessalonica".
Who are the Thessaloniki brothers and what are they famous for?
These people are named so not by the fact that they have a surname or a given name.
Two brothers Cyril and Methodius lived in a military family in a large Byzantine province with the capital in the city of Thessalonica, from this name of their small homeland the nickname came.
The population in the city was mixed - half Greeks and half Slavs. Yes, and the parents of the brothers were of different nationalities: the mother is Greek, and the father is from Bulgaria. Therefore, both Cyril and Methodius knew two languages from childhood - Slavic and Greek.
It is interesting! In fact, the names of the brothers at birth were different - Konstantin and Michael, and they were named church Cyril and Methodius later.
Both brothers excelled in their studies. Methodius mastered military techniques and was very fond of reading. Well, Cyril knew as many as 22 languages, was educated at the imperial court and was nicknamed a philosopher for his wisdom.
Therefore, it is not at all surprising that the choice fell on these two brothers, when the Moravian prince turned to the Byzantine ruler in 863 for help with a request to send wise men who could convey the truth of the Christian faith to the Slavic people and teach them how to write.
And Cyril and Methodius set off on a long journey, moving for 40 months from one place to another, explaining in the Slavic language well known to them from childhood, who Christ is and what is his power. And for this it was necessary to translate all church books from Greek into Slavonic, which is why the brothers began to develop a new alphabet.
Of course, already in those days, the Slavs in their lives used many Greek letters in counting and writing. But the knowledge they had had to be streamlined, brought to one system, so that it would be simple and understandable for everyone. And already on May 24, 863, in the Bulgarian capital Pliska, Cyril and Methodius announced the creation of the Slavic alphabet called Cyrillic, which became the progenitor of our modern Russian alphabet.
It is interesting! Historians have discovered the fact that even before the Moravian commission, while in Byzantium, the brothers Cyril and Methodius invented an alphabet for the Slavs based on Greek writing, and it was called Glagolitic. Maybe that's why the Cyrillic alphabet appeared so quickly and simply, since there were already working outlines?
Transformations of the Russian alphabet
The Slavic alphabet created by Cyril and Methodius consisted of 43 letters.
They appeared by adding to the Greek alphabet (and it had 24 letters) newly invented 19 characters. After the appearance of the Cyrillic alphabet in Bulgaria, the center of Slavic writing, the first book school appeared, and liturgical books began to be actively translated.
In any old book
“Izhitsa lived in the world,
And with it the letter Yat "
Gradually, the Old Slavonic alphabet comes to Serbia, and in Ancient Russia it appears at the end of the 10th century, when the Russian people accept Christianity. It was then that the whole long process of creating and improving the Russian alphabet, which we use today, begins. That's what was interesting.
It is interesting! The godmother of the letter "Yo" was Princess Ekaterina Dashkova, who proposed introducing it into the alphabet in 1783. The idea of the princess was supported by the writer Karmazin, and now with their light hand the letter appeared in the alphabet, taking the honorable seventh place.
The fate of "Yo" is not easy:
- in 1904 its use was desirable, but not at all obligatory;
- in 1942, by order of the educational authority, it was recognized as compulsory for the school;
- in 1956, whole paragraphs of the rules of Russian spelling were devoted to her.
Today, the use of "Yo" is important when you can confuse the meaning of written words, for example here: perfect and perfect, tears and tears, sky and sky.
It is interesting! In 2001, the world's only monument to the letter "Yo" in the form of a low stele was opened in the Ulyanovsk Karamzin Square.
As a result, today we have 33 beauties who teach us to read and write, open to us new world help to be educated to learn their native language and respect their history.
I am sure that you have known all these 33 letters for a long time and never confuse them in places in the alphabet. Wouldn't you like to try to learn the Old Slavonic alphabet too? Here it is, below in the video)
Well, in your piggy bank of projects for one interesting topic became more. Share the most interesting with classmates, let them also know where the Russian alphabet came from. And I say goodbye to you, until we meet again!
Success in your studies!
Evgenia Klimkovich.
Oh yes, I remembered the lower grades when we wrote encryption, we used a digital system and put one letter in order, and the other against the order, by the way, the letter P it is the same in the account and back and forth it is the seventeenth - once I knew all this by heart and knew how to write ciphers quickly enough.
There are 33 letters in the Russian alphabet. Each letter has its own number. The distribution is based on the principle A - 1 letter of the alphabet, B - 2 letters of the alphabet, etc. to the last letter - I, which is 33 in a row.
It would seem, well, why would anyone need to know the serial numbers of letters in the alphabet of the Russian language? Probably, those who have passed tests to determine the IQ know that you need to know this in order to successfully cope with the tasks of the tests. There may be not one, or two, but many more such tasks in the test. For example, in this test there are five such tasks out of forty.
Here, for example, is the very first task of the test and the last fifth:
The alphabet is shown below in the figure, which shows which letter of the 33 letters of the Russian alphabet has which serial number. The first digit is a forward count, the second digit is a reverse count. In this form, the numbering and the alphabet itself are easier to remember than a list.
There are only 33 letters in the Russian alphabet:
