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The Russian Federation is a great state that ranks first on the planet in terms of territory and size of national wealth. However, its main pride is made up of outstanding citizens who have left a noticeable mark on history. Our country has raised a huge number of famous scientists, politicians, military leaders, athletes and art workers with a worldwide reputation. Their achievements allowed Russia to take one of the leading positions in the list of the planet's superpowers.

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Who are they, outstanding citizens of Russia? Their list can be continued endlessly, because each period in the history of our Fatherland has its own great people who became famous in different spheres of activity. Among the most prominent personalities who, to one degree or another, influenced the course of both Russian and world history, it is worth mentioning the following:

1. Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky.
2. Peter the Great.
3. Alexander Suvorov.
4. Mikhail Lomonosov.
5. Dmitriy Mendeleev.
6. Yuri Gagarin.
7. Andrey Sakharov.

Minin and Pozharsky

An outstanding citizen of Russia Kuzma Minin and his equally famous contemporary, Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, went down in history as the liberators of the Russian lands from the Polish invaders. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Time of Troubles began in the Russian state. The crisis that gripped many spheres of life was aggravated by the presence of impostors on the capital's throne. In Moscow, Smolensk and a number of other cities, the Polish gentry was in full swing, and the western borders of the country were occupied by Swedish troops.

To drive out foreign invaders from Russian lands and liberate the country, the clergy called on the population to create a people's militia and liberate the capital from the Poles. The call was answered by the Novgorod zemstvo headman Kuzma Minin (Sukhoruk), who, although not of noble origin, was a real patriot of his homeland. In a short time he managed to gather an army from the inhabitants of Nizhny Novgorod. Prince Dmitry Pozharsky from the Rurikovich family agreed to head it.

Gradually, residents of the surrounding cities, dissatisfied with the domination of the Polish gentry in Moscow, began to join the people's militia of Nizhny Novgorod. By the fall of 1612, the army of Minin and Pozharsky numbered about 10 thousand people. In early November 1612, the Nizhny Novgorod militia managed to expel the Poles from the capital and force them to sign the act of surrender. The successful conduct of the operation became possible thanks to the skillful actions of Minin and Pozharsky. In 1818, the memory of the heroic liberators of Moscow was immortalized by the sculptor I. Martos in the monument, which was installed on Red Square.

Peter the Great

The significance of the reign of Peter I, nicknamed for his services to the Great State, can hardly be overestimated. An outstanding citizen of Russia, Peter the First, was on the throne for 43 years, having come to power at the age of 17. He turned the country into the greatest empire, founded the city of Petersburg on the Neva and transferred the capital to it from Moscow, conducted a number of successful military campaigns, thanks to which he significantly expanded the borders of the state. Peter the Great began to trade with Europe, founded the Academy of Sciences, opened many educational institutions, introduced the compulsory study of foreign languages, forced representatives of the noble classes to wear secular attire.

The significance of the reign of Peter I for Russia

The sovereign's reforms strengthened the economy and science, and contributed to the development of the army and navy. His successful domestic and foreign policy became the basis for the further growth and development of the state. Voltaire praised the internal transformations of Russia in the times of Peter the Great. He wrote that the Russian people in half a century managed to achieve what other peoples could not achieve in 500 years of their existence.

A. V. Suvorov

The most outstanding citizen of Russia in the second half of the 18th century is, of course, the great commander, generalissimo of the Russian land and naval forces, Alexander Suvorov. This talented military leader has fought over 60 major battles and has not been defeated in any of them. The army under the command of Suvorov managed to win even in those cases when the enemy's forces significantly outnumbered it. The commander took part in the Russian-Turkish wars of 1768-1774 and 1787-1791, brilliantly commanded Russian troops during the storming of Prague in 1794, and in the last years of his life led the Italian and Swiss campaigns.

In battles, Suvorov used the tactics of warfare developed by him personally, which was significantly ahead of its time. He did not recognize the military drill and instilled in the soldiers love for the Fatherland, considering it a guarantee of victory in any battle. The legendary commander made sure that during military campaigns his army was provided with everything necessary. He heroically shared all the hardships with the soldiers, thanks to which he enjoyed great authority and respect with them. For his victories, Suvorov was awarded all the high military awards that existed in his time in the Russian Empire. In addition, he was a holder of seven foreign orders.

M. V. Lomonosov

Outstanding citizens of Russia glorified their country not only in the art of government or in the tactics of warfare. Mikhail Lomonosov belongs to the cohort of the greatest Russian scientists who have made a huge contribution to the development of world science. Born into a poor family and not being able to get a decent education, from early childhood he had a high intellect and was drawn to knowledge. Lomonosov's desire for science was so strong that at the age of 19 he left his village, went on foot to Moscow and entered the Slavic-Greco-Roman Academy. This was followed by studies at the St. Petersburg University at the Academy of Sciences. To improve his knowledge of natural sciences, Mikhail was sent to Europe. At 34, the young scientist became an academician.

Lomonosov, without exaggeration, can be considered a universal person. He possessed brilliant knowledge of chemistry, physics, geography, astronomy, geology, metallurgy, history, and genealogy. In addition, the scientist was an excellent poet, writer and artist. Lomonosov made many discoveries in physics, chemistry and astronomy, became the founder of the science of glass. He owns the project for the creation of Moscow University, which was later named after him.

D. I. Mendeleev

The world famous chemist Dmitry Mendeleev is the pride of Russia. Born in Tobolsk in the family of a gymnasium director, he had no barriers to education. At the age of 21, young Mendeleev graduated with a gold medal from the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of the St. Petersburg Pedagogical Institute. A few months later, he defended his dissertation on the right to lecture and began teaching. At 23, Mendeleev was awarded a master's degree in chemistry. From this age, he began teaching at the Imperial University of St. Petersburg. At 31, he became a professor of chemical technology, and 2 years later - a professor of general chemistry.

Worldwide fame of the great chemist

In 1869, at the age of 35, Dmitry Mendeleev made a discovery that made him famous all over the world. We are talking about the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. She became the basis for all modern chemistry. Attempts to systematize elements according to their properties and atomic weight were made even before Mendeleev, but he was the first who managed to clearly formulate the regularity existing between them.

The periodic table is not the only achievement of the scientist. He wrote many fundamental works on chemistry and initiated the creation of the Chamber of Weights and Measures in St. Petersburg. DI Mendeleev was a holder of eight honorary orders of the Russian Empire and foreign countries. He was awarded a doctorate from the Turin Academy of Sciences, Oxford, Cambridge, Priston, Edinburgh and Göttingen universities. Mendeleev's scientific authority was so high that he was nominated for the Nobel Prize three times. Unfortunately, other scientists have become laureates of this prestigious international award each time. However, this fact does not in the least diminish the merits of the renowned chemist to the Fatherland.

Yu.A. Gagarin

Yuri Gagarin is an outstanding Russian citizen of the Soviet era. On April 12, 1961, on the Vostok-1 spacecraft, for the first time in the history of mankind, he flew into space. Having spent 108 minutes in Earth's orbit, the cosmonaut returned to the planet as a hero of an international scale. Even world movie stars could envy Gagarin's popularity. He made official visits to more than 30 foreign countries and traveled all over the USSR.

Outstanding citizen of Russia Yuri Gagarin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and the highest distinctions of many countries. He was preparing for a new space flight, but the plane crash that happened in March 1968 in the Vladimir region tragically ended his life. Having lived only 34 years, Gagarin became one of the greatest people of the 20th century. Streets and squares in all major cities of Russia and the CIS countries are named after him, monuments to him have been erected in many foreign countries. In honor of the flight of Yuri Gagarin, April 12 all over the world celebrate the International Day of Cosmonautics.

A. D. Sakharov

In addition to Gagarin, there were many other outstanding citizens of Russia in the Soviet Union. The USSR became famous all over the world thanks to Academician Andrei Sakharov, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of physics. In 1949, together with Yu. Khariton, he developed a project for a hydrogen bomb - the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon. In addition, Sakharov conducted a lot of research in magnetohydrodynamics, gravity, astrophysics, and plasma physics. In the mid-70s, he predicted the emergence of the Internet. In 1975 the academician was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

In addition to science, Sakharov was engaged in active human rights activities, for which he fell out of favor with the Soviet leadership. In 1980 he was stripped of all titles and highest awards, after which he was deported from Moscow to Gorky. After the start of Perestroika, Sakharov was allowed to return to the capital. The last years of his life, he continued to engage in scientific activities, and was also elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet. In 1989, the scientist worked on a draft of a new Soviet constitution, which proclaimed the right of peoples to statehood, but sudden death did not allow him to complete the work he had begun.

Outstanding citizens of Russia of the 21st century

Today, a huge number of people live in our country, glorifying it in politics, science, art and other fields of activity. The most famous scientists of our time are physicists Mikhail Allenov and Valery Rachkov, urbanist Denis Vizgalov, historian Vyacheslav Vorobyov, economist Nadezhda Kosareva, etc. The outstanding artists of the XXI century include the artists Ilya Glazunova and Alena Azernaya, conductors and Valery Gergieva opera singers Dmitry Hvorostovsky and Anna Netrebko, actors Sergei Bezrukov and Konstantin Khabensky, directors Nikita Mikhalkov and Timur Bekmambetov and others. Well, the most prominent politician in Russia today is considered its President - Vladimir Putin.

There has been a long debate about who should be recognized as the greatest personality in the history of Russia. Of course, there are plenty of worthy personalities in the country's centuries-old history. These are great writers and poets, politicians and reformers, athletes and representatives of the clergy. The Russian land generously gave and continues to present the world with talented people, brilliant scientists, wise politicians and courageous experimenters. But who should be recognized as the most outstanding? Opinions vary here.

Peter the Great

In accordance with the studies carried out, it is this figure that takes the first place in the list of most of Russia. Peter I undoubtedly made a real breakthrough, which forever changed the face of the country and gave the starting point for a completely new path of development. The tsar-reformer became the creator of the regular army and navy, founded Petersburg. Thanks to Peter, a strong state was founded, which received the name of the Russian Empire. Another undoubted merit of Peter the Great was his desire to turn Russia into a civilized secular state.

Catherine II

Another significant figure in Russian history. Catherine II is rightfully recognized as the “gatherer of the land”. During her reign, the territories of Belarus and western Ukraine, Lithuania, Courland and the Crimean peninsula were annexed to Russian soil. The Empress carried out many important reforms in the trade, social and educational sectors. During the time of Catherine, the Hermitage and the monument to Peter I were built, which to this day is a symbol of St. Petersburg.

Alexander Suvorov

The greatest commander has come a long way from to Generalissimo. Amazing feats, bold military decisions and, of course, worthy victories that brought glory to the Russian land - all these are the merits of Alexander Suvorov. During the war with Napoleon, under the leadership of the great commander, the best French troops were defeated and the famous crossing of the Alps was made.

Mikhail Lomonosov

The brightest scientist in Russia, the founder of the university in Moscow, which bears his name. His participation is of undeniable importance in many areas of science. Great achievements in molecular chemistry, physics, astronomy and other fields of knowledge. In addition, Lomonosov is the author of works on philology, history and grammar.

There are indeed many worthy personalities for the title of the greatest representative of Russia. Numerous studies and sociological surveys are carried out annually, the purpose of which is