Gas supply networks.

Symbols gas equipment

	1.	Crossing gas lines with open wiring
	2.	Concealed wiring
	3.	Changing the pipe diameters of the gas network
	4.	Air duct
	5.	Impulse pipeline
	6.	Earthing
	7.	Gas hose
	8.	Ceiling lamp showing the number of arms
	9.	Fixed wall lamp
	10.	Mobile wall lamp
	11.	Gas outlet pipe
	12.	Flue
	13.	Gas stove with three burners
	14.	Gas stove with oven
	15.	Refrigerator
	16.	Gas heating stove
	17.	Instantaneous water heater
	18.	DHW cylinder
	19.	Installation of the device in an opening with a seal
	20.	Installation of the device in an opening with a gap
	21.	Water bag, water tank
	22.	Wall mounted gas heater
	23.	Gas meter

Explanations for the accepted terminology:
gas appliances are devices that do not require connection to gas ducts;
gas firing points are devices that are connected to gas ducts;
the indications “up to the meter” and “behind the meter” correspond to the direction of gas movement in the network.

Gas consumption: for each 1 m3 of air volume in the heated room for heating season(September - May) with long-term heating (in residential buildings) 18 -25 m3 of gas, with periodic heating (in retail premises) –10 -15 m3 of gas.

Piping color in drawings: gas pipelines - yellow , pipelines cold water - light blue, pipelines hot water - Red .

Diameters of supply pipelines and gas flow rates for different devices.

Gas apparatus type	Supply pipeline diameter, mm.	Gas consumption m3.
Refrigerator	10	0,1
Boiler	15	0,5
Oven	15	0,75
Kitchen stove	20	2,5
Small gas oven	15	1
Gas oven medium and large	20	2,5
Boiling tank (capacity up to 100 liters)	20	3,5
Small water heater	15	2,5
Water heater large (column in the bathroom)	25	6
Household washing machine	15	1,5
Shared washing machine	15	3

	1. Scheme of the gas network in a two-family house 2. Diameters in the gas network leading to the meters in one apartment with a bathroom on the floor; with two apartments per floor. 3. Sizes of niches for 1 - 3 gas meters... OKF - clean floor level. 4. Niche for 1 electric and 1 gas meter. 5. Niche for 1 electric and 1 gas meter.
	6. Placement of inputs engineering networks(DIN 18012) with inclusive and locking devices for strong and weak currents, gas, water supply and sewerage. 7. Cross-section of the premises of the engineering network inputs. 8. Plan of the premises for the inputs of engineering networks.

The following devices do not require connection to gas ducts:

1. All types of gas kitchen stoves and gas refrigerators.
2. Heaters with a capacity of up to 10 liters in rooms with a volume of at least tenfold gas consumption.
3. Tanks for boiling linen and washing machines with a gas consumption of up to 2.5 m3 / h in rooms with a volume of at least ten times the gas consumption.
4. Gas heating devices installed against external walls with wall exhaust openings.

In all other cases (water heaters, boiling tanks and larger washing machines, heating stoves etc.) gas appliances must be connected to gas ducts.

The supplier is obliged to install a fuse at the outlet to eliminate the possibility of condensation and return of flue gases. An automatic hingeless valve of the Diermeyer system with thermal regulation (Fig. 2) protects the premises from cooling through the gas duct and from disruption of draft in the case of mixed use of the exhaust duct (for flue gases from devices operating on gas and solid fuel); in addition, this valve reduces the noise level. The content of carbon dioxide in the air of premises designed for temporary residence of people (bathroom, kitchen, etc.) should not exceed 0.4%; in premises for long-term stay ( common rooms and bedrooms) about 0.15%.

Gas ducts

Material	Wall thickness, mm.
Refractory ceramic pipes(glazed inside)	25 – 30
Asbestos-cement pipes	7 – 8
Brickwork with waterproof plaster	140
Pottery or concrete pipes	20 – 40
Galvanized sheet steel pipes	0,6

To a gas duct of standard section 135 x 135 mm in brick walls it is allowed to connect no more than three firing points: you should not make gas ducts with a cross section of more than 200 x200 mm; firing points operating on solid fuel and on gas, if possible, should not be connected to the same gas duct. Locate the flue gas ducts in warm places to avoid condensation on cold walls. A windproof hood must be installed on the flue head. On the flat roofs the gas ducts must be at least 50 cm higher than the parapet (Fig. 3 and 4).

Gas consumption: for taking a shower for 5 minutes with a water heater with a capacity of 5 liters - 0.25 m3; for heating the room for 15 minutes - 0.25 m3.

Liquefied gas (non-toxic gases - propane, butane, etc.) is used for gas supply in remote areas.

LPG Specification (TRF 1969)

Capacity	Filled weight, kg	Diameter, mm	Height, mm	Height with valve, mm
Small cylinders	3	205	320	420
	5	230	400	500
	11	300	500	600
Large cylinders	22	270	1100	1200
Large cylinders	33	320	1200	1300


1. Products of gas combustion 2. Fuse and valve on the device connection branch 3. Exhaust pipe of flue gas ducts on a flat roof 4. The same, if there is a veranda	5. Arrangement of a double-walled exhaust pipe 6. Plan of the bathroom and kitchen with a water heater in the hallway niche 7. Small compressed gas cylinders can be installed in any rooms except sleeping rooms 8. Large cylinders are installed externally in a recess or in a free-standing, lockable sheet steel cabinet.
	9. Diagram of the gas network connected to compressed gas cylinders

Places of installation of cylinders: small cylinders can be installed in any rooms, except for sleeping rooms; large cylinders - outside the building in a lockable metal cabinet or in a room with a separate external entrance; 1 kg of liquefied gas (3 m3 natural gas) gives about 5000 kcal.

Liquefied gas costs almost 1/3 more than gas from the city network.
Pipe diameters at liquefied gas much smaller diameters gas pipes urban network due to increased pressure.

Ernst Neufert. "Construction design" / Ernst Neufert "BAUENTWURFSLEHRE"

When a real estate object, for example, a multi-apartment residential building, is put into operation, then its inventory must be carried out in order to legally fix the available areas. For this purpose, the employees of the Bureau of Technical Inventory measure the premises. And then, on the basis of the data obtained, they draw up a floor plan of the building.

However, to agree on the redevelopment, the floor plan of the building is not needed, it is enough to have a floor plan of an apartment or something non-residential premises, which is planned to be redone. Thus, we can say that the floor plan, or simply the BTI plan, is an informational-reference type document, where, taking into account the measurements carried out, the real state of the apartment (non-residential premises) is presented.

The BTI plan shows the exact dimensions of the rooms and the following elements are graphically marked:

capital walls and partitions;
balconies and loggias;
door and window openings;
plumbing fixtures and stoves;
ventilation.

All these elements have symbols on the BTI floor plan.

Types of BTI documents

To agree on redevelopments, the following types of documents issued by the Bureau of Technical Inventory are used.

Floor plan and explication

You can learn more about what these documents are, how and where they can be ordered from a separate articles... Here we just note that these are the simplest documents of the BTI, which contain a minimum of information about the object.

A floor plan is a diagram of an object presented as a drawing with special designations. Upon entering the apartment, its number is indicated on the drawing. In addition, there is a stamp on the sheet of the BTI department that issued the document. Also, the BTI floor plan contains information on legal address the building and the floor on which the room is located, as well as the date of its last survey.

An explication is attached to the floor plan, which contains a list and purpose of all premises of the object - residential and auxiliary - with an indication of their area and height of the ceilings.

Floor plan with explication

Thus, a floor plan with an explication is two sheets of the same format, one of which reflects the floor plan in the form of a drawing, and the other a table with the characteristics of rooms and premises.

Technical passport BTI

A technical passport is a document that is specially designed to agree on redevelopments.

Technical passport with the BTI plan

We also have a separate one about him. But generally speaking, this is a more detailed document, which, in addition to the floor plan and explication, contains information about the house where the room is located (series, material of walls and ceilings, number of storeys of the building, number of apartments, year of construction, etc.) , address plan, etc.

Floor plan with explication before redevelopment

This document is used to legitimize an already made redevelopment, if illegal changes are indicated in the BTI documents with red lines. Read more about this.

In general, this document is similar to a floor plan with an explication, but has a special mark "before redevelopment" or "before re-equipment".

Floor plan with explication before redevelopment

Any room consists of structural elements that have their own name, purpose, size, shape and other characteristics. On the plans of the BTI, they are reflected in the form of conventional graphic symbols, which are not always clear to the owners of the premises.

And since everyone who decides to redevelop their apartment and wants to make it legal will need to deal with some of these documents, it is important to be able to understand how and what is indicated on them. Therefore, further we will analyze the designations on the plans of the BTI.

Description of designations on BTI plans

Immediately, we note that the designations of the BTI do not depend on the type of document. That is, this or that element of the drawing is indicated in the same way both in the data sheet and on the floor plan.

First of all, the owners are interested in the question of how the designation is carried out load-bearing walls on the BTI plan? Many people believe that in the drawing, the capital walls are marked with thick black lines, and non-bearing partitions are marked with thin lines. But this is not always the case.

Therefore, it is impossible to determine, according to the BTI plan, which walls are load-bearing and which are not. In any case, the average person will definitely not be able to do this on their own, if only they turn to a specialist for help.

If the room was performed uncoordinated redevelopment, which became known in the BTI, then after the necessary measurements by an employee of the Bureau of Technical Inventory, all changes made on the drawing will be marked with red lines.

Doorways are indicated as follows: within the boundaries of the line to indicate the partition, two small marks are applied perpendicularly in the form of parallel lines. In the presence of door leaf another parallel line is drawn between them, extending beyond the boundary of the wall. This is exactly the designation of the door on the BTI plan.

In a similar way, information about the availability and location is entered into the floor plan. window openings... The thickest lines in the drawing are marked facade walls where the windows are marked with two parallel lines with perpendicular constraints on both sides, indicating their width.

Room numbering and area are displayed as a fractional number, where the numerator is the room number, and the denominator is its area.

In addition, the location of plumbing fixtures and kitchen stoves in the "wet" areas of the apartment is applied to the BTI plans. Most often, you can guess which plumbing fixtures are indicated in the drawing by the contours of the geometric shapes that designate them. And you can also guess about the designation of the electric stove on the BTI plan.

For reference: furniture, refrigerator, air conditioner, washing and dishwasher, heated towel rail, oven, etc. are not marked in any way on the BTI floor plan. Also, the floor covering material in the premises does not have any designations in the BTI passport.

The easiest way to decipher the designations on the BTI plan is to use specific examples.

If you need to find out the symbols of the BTI, and also need help in developing project documentation and the approval of redevelopment in government agencies, our employees are always ready to help with this.

When drawing up construction drawings, alphanumeric gas pipeline designations applied to them should be affixed in accordance with the data given in GOST 21.609–83.

This standard defines both the composition of working drawings of gas supply systems for buildings and structures of all sectors of the national economy of the country and its industry, and the rules that must be strictly and strictly adhered to when drawing up this technical documentation.

Gas supply working drawings

Workers blueprints systems gas supply must be carried out in full compliance with all the requirements set out in the above-mentioned state standard, as well as other standards related to construction documents. In addition, they must fully comply with the standards that have been adopted and are in force today in relation to the design of gas supply systems.

Working drawings systems gas supply should include:

Common data;

Drawings, sections, types and plans for the location of the gas pipelines themselves, gas equipment, gas instrumentation (instrumentation);

Gas supply systems diagrams;

Sketch drawings and drawings general types atypical structures and devices of gas supply systems;

Drawings, sections, types, diagrams and plans of gas supply installations.

The main set of working drawings of the brand FGP should be supplemented with documents such as a bill of material requirements and a specification of equipment. They must be carried out in accordance with the requirements GOST 21.109-80.

In technical drawings, for the designation of gas pipelines, it is necessary to use the graphic images that are provided GOST 21.106–78.

The diameter that the gas pipeline has and its wall thickness are indicated on the extension line shelf.

For those gas pipelines that are built from steel water and gas pipes, parameters such as wall thickness and diameter of its nominal passage are indicated.

For those gas pipelines that are made of steel electric-welded and other pipes, parameters such as wall thickness and outer diameter are indicated.

In such cases, when the designation of a gas pipeline consisting of letters and numbers is indicated on the extension line shelf, parameters such as its diameter and wall thickness are placed under it.

To designate the risers of gas pipelines, a brand is used, which consists of the letter combination "St" and serial number the projected riser within the structure, indicated with a hyphen, for example: St-2, St-4.

Gaseous state of matter

The gaseous state is one of three states of aggregation. Its main characteristic is that the particles constituting the substance (atoms, molecules or ions) are in a very weak connection and are highly mobile. They almost constantly move, colliding with each other quite often, and this movement is disordered, chaotic, free. Particles often change their direction of movement.

A gas is often defined as a substance whose temperature is equalized or higher than a certain critical one, at which it does not contract and does not pass into a liquid state of aggregation. This is the difference between gas and vapor, which is made up of the smallest particles of liquid.

Steam is a state of matter in which it can go either into a liquid or a solid state.

Just like liquids, gases resist deformation and flow. However, they do not have a certain fixed volume, striving to fill with themselves all that is available to them. Moreover, unlike liquids, gases do not form a free surface.

equipment.
Working drawings

GOST
21.609-83

By the decree of the State Committee of the USSR for Construction Affairs dated August 17, 1983 No. 203, the introduction period was established

from 01.01.84

This standard establishes the composition of the rules for drawing up working drawings of internal devices for gas supply * buildings and structures for all branches of industry.

* Inside nni devices gas supplies are hereinafter referred to as gas supply.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

drawings (plans, sections, views and diagrams) gas installations;


a) total her designation nenie
b) low pressure up to 5 kPa
(0,05 kgf / cm 2)
c) avg day pressure more
5 kPa (0.05 kgf / cm 2)
up to 0.3 MPa (3 kgf / cm 2)


2. Pipeline purge
3. Pipeline in open cut nie

In the event that on the shelf leader lines indicate the letter nn o-digital designation of the gas pipeline, its diameter and wall thickness are indicated under the shelf leader lines.

1.5. Risers of gas pipelines are designated by a brand consisting of a letter designation "St" and, through a hyphen, the ordinal number of the riser within the building (structure), for example St-1, St-2.

1.6. Conditional graphic depictions of fittings (shut-off, control and safety) and equipment are taken according to state standard m, taking into account the additional images and given in.

Name	Image
1. Gas meter
2. Two-burner household gas stove
3. Four-burner household gas stove
4. Household gas heating apparatus
5. Heating and cooking oven
6. Gas fireplace
7. Pressure regulator
8. Safety shut-off valve
9. Control knob

2. GENERAL DATA ON WORKING DRAWINGS

2.1. The general data of the main set of working drawings of the GSV brand, in addition to the data provided for, include:

Main indicators according to working drawings of the GSV brand

_________

* The characteristic of the gas used is indicated in the note.

3. DRAWINGS OF GAS PIPELINES LOCATION
AND EQUIPMENT

3.1. Drawings of the location of gas pipelines and equipment are performed according to -79, taking into account the requirements of this standard.

3.2. Plans, sections and views

3.2.1. Plans, sections and views are performed on a scale of 1: 100 or 1: 200, nodes and fragments of plans, sections and views - on a scale of 1:10 - 1: 100.

For small buildings or structures, when the execution of fragments is impractical, plans, sections and views are allowed to be performed on the scale established for fragments.

3.2.2. Gas pipelines located one above the other are conventionally depicted on the plans in parallel lines.

3.2.3. Gas pipelines, equipment and fittings on plans, sections and views are indicated with conventional graphic images, and equipment for which there are no conventional graphic images - with simplified graphic images.

Gas pipelines with a diameter of 100 mm and more on fragments and nodes are depicted by two lines.

3.2.4. On the plans, sections and views indicate: the coordination axes of the building (structure) and the distance between them (for residential buildings - the distance between the axes of the sections);

building structures and equipment to which gas-air is supplied and from which combustion products are removed. Building construction and equipment is indicated by solid thin lines;

marks of the levels of the finished floor and the main sites;

dimensional references of gas installations and equipment, inputs (outputs) and risers of gas pipelines to coordination axes or elements of building structures;

dimensions of production passages;

level marks or height dimensions of the installation of devices (if necessary).

The plans, in addition, indicate the names of premises (types of premises for residential buildings) and the category of production for explosive, explosion-fire and fire hazard(in a rectangle of size 5 ´ 8 mm), and in the sections and views - marks of the levels of the axes of gas pipelines and the top of the waste gas pipeline (candles).

The names of premises and the category of production facilities for explosive, explosion-fire and fire hazard are allowed to be given in the explication of the premises in the form 2 -80.