The porch is an element of a country house that has both functional and aesthetic significance. This part often plays the role of a front building, emphasizing the beauty of the entire building. Porch design options are presented a large number of. Let's look at the features of some of them in our article.
Peculiarities
A popular material for creating a porch is wood. Metal is rarely used for this structure, almost never plastic. The design features of a project for a private house come down to the fact that it needs to be thought out in the same style as the house itself. The element should look like a single part of the building. Therefore, construction cannot begin without thoughtful style and functionality of this element.
The design of the porch can act as a contrast to the house. For example, if the building is neat but has a boring appearance, a spectacular porch will add presentability to the house. Sometimes, on the contrary, a minimum of decor is added to the porch. However, the natural characteristics of wood add natural beauty to the structure.
The functionality of the porch is to facilitate entry and exit from the doors of the house. The structure is often equipped with an additional canopy. It plays the role of protecting the entrance from adverse weather conditions.
To ensure that the operation of the porch is truly convenient, the parameters of the structure are taken into account at the design stage. However, more often the porch is an extension with parameters identical to the entrance or slightly wider than the entrance.
It is important to provide a porch to the house during the construction phase, since it must be built from the same material as the structure itself. In addition to wood and metal, concrete and brick are used to create it. Porch wood is chosen because it is inexpensive. Lumber is also easy to process, which makes it possible to make an extension yourself. Before starting work, it is worth understanding the variety of extensions.
Kinds
The porch of a private house can be:
- Ordinary. It includes steps with risers that can be open or closed. A regular porch can be with or without railings. Another simple porch is made low, without massive flooring, but it can be with a canopy. A simple porch attached to a private building is a successful and suitable construction option.
- A porch with a deck is called a patio in modern times. The area is often used for pots of flowers, and a resting place is set up on it. This entrance is often installed on stilts.
- Porch-terrace or veranda It is a voluminous but low porch, united by an open area near the house. To enter the veranda from the street, they will organize small stairs. The veranda area is usually covered, and the terrace area is open.
By design, the elements are built-in, which are built together with the house and have a common foundation with it. Another porch can be attached. This element can be completed while already living in the house
Material
The following materials are used to make the porch of a private house:
- wood (logs, beams);
- concrete;
- metal (forged elements, steel);
- bricks or stone.
The ideal option for a timber structure would be a semi-closed or open log porch. Its execution will require skill and creative thought. Without the appropriate experience, it is unlikely to be built correctly, since you need to be able to knit a log base.
At the same time, the ability to work with wood will allow you to build porches in different styles. For example, rough-cut logs will ideally embody Russian style. You can build a patio out of logs and surround it with a timber lattice. The design of the structure is simple, but does not lose its functional features. The half-wall material can also be metal - for example, forging looks very impressive. Forged elements can be seen on the porch railings, constructed from various materials.
Concrete is a common base choice for porch steps on a brick home. More concrete porch may be a continuation of the foundation frame house. For greater attractiveness, the concrete porch is lined with brick or decorative stone. All material for the porch is selected at the initial stage of construction, taking into account its characteristics.
If we're talking about about logs, it is usually a round assortment used in work without cutting. Essentially, it is a natural base with preserved texture, chemical and physical qualities. IN modern production technologies for processing the log base are mechanized, and the logs themselves are sold according to the GOST classification. Construction logs are beautiful, durable, and environmentally friendly.
Among the disadvantages, experts note their ability to catch fire and rot, which will not be observed if the porch is made of metal. These material features are eliminated by additional protection.
If concrete is used as the base of the porch, then it is worth keeping in mind that the main component of the material is cement, and the additional ones are water, sand, expanded clay or crushed stone. The characteristics of concrete will vary depending on the amount of added components and the quality of the mixing technology.
Brick and stone are mainly needed as facing materials. If brick is used as a base, you should choose the appropriate types. For the base of the porch, it is better to choose dense types of brick. Experts also advise not to skimp on quality and not to choose low-grade materials. For example, most suitable for a porch clinker brick, but its price is much higher than the regular one ceramic version. But clinker bricks will last longer, and will not require additional finishing.
Dimensions
In addition to the material, it is important to initially decide on the size of the porch. One thing is important - the structure must provide free access to the house. The porch plays the role of a buffer zone when entering the house from the street. More optimal size The porch should ensure the free movement of objects. For example, sometimes you will have to bring large items such as a refrigerator, furniture, and household appliances into the house.
The dimensions of the extension should also ensure safe operation, especially if there are children or elderly people in the house. For example, a porch of one meter or more in height cannot be called safe without railings. The ideal width of the porch would be up to a meter wide.
It will also be attractive and comfortable to sit on wider structures. It is important to consider the height of the stairs. They should be comfortable to climb. For convenience, all steps are made the same in width, which should be about 25 cm. The optimal height of the steps is 12-20 cm. When arranging the upper platform, it is important to ensure that its height is several centimeters lower from the door.
Style and design
The design of the porch at the house depends on the location of this structure. If this is the front part, then the porch should serve as a business card for the building. In this home decoration, it is important to take into account fashion trends and skillfully combine them with personal tastes and preferences.
Porch design must do a private house attractive. For example, the most current style in house building today is country. It features wood decor. The result of its use should be the atmosphere of a country mansion. Often in this design option, wood is complemented with decorative stone. These two materials combine very harmoniously and are suitable for finishing porches.
A house with a modern minimalist style will be successfully emphasized by the concrete porch design. The concrete porch can be given any shape, decor in the form of tiles can be added, or it can be left without any covering. This idea allows you to emphasize the texture of the wall decoration and the attractiveness of their colors.
IN modern design Brick is often used. It is believed that this material is not only attractive, but also reliable. Natural stone is no less durable. Designers often use different varieties this material. All of them perfectly withstand adverse weather conditions and do not require additional maintenance. Natural stone goes well with monumental columns, sculptures and other elements of the Empire style.
Metal is often used in porch decoration. Forged canopies, railings and decoration elements are already familiar. The advantage of forged structures is their strength, and therefore their service life. WITH forged elements the building acquires a special architectural sophistication. A carved porch becomes a real decoration of a home.
How to build with your own hands?
The design of the extension is always related to the architectural design of the structure. Important has the height of the base and the landscape features of the site. The design may have one or more bases with one or two ladders. The staircase is equipped with internal and external supports. Internal detail- This is the part fixed in the crown of the house. For the outer part, a monolith is poured or columns (piles) are driven in.
If the porch staircase includes one or two steps, the railings do not need to be installed. If there are more steps, handrails are required; they must match general design designs.
A canopy may be required to protect the site from rain and snow. A home craftsman can make an ordinary porch out of wood.
To comply with the technology, consider the following stages of activity:
- calculation and planning;
- definition of materials;
- frame definition;
- construction of the structure.
The size of the extension is important in order to pour the foundation correctly. Later it is worth comparing the dimensions of the stairs with the distance to the entrance. Average length and step height 15*15 cm. Up to front door there should be 2-4 cm left.
For a simple wooden porch you will need the following materials:
- bars for beams and rafters - 10-20 cm;
- boards for the platform and steps 5*15*20 cm;
- cement and gravel for the base.
Tools:
- file;
- hammers;
- nails;
- measuring device.
The foundation is the main structure. For a simple wooden porch, a base on stilts is suitable. You can make the design with your own hands quickly and inexpensively. The structure for the piles requires holes approximately 80 cm deep. The piles themselves can be made of timber, but the wood for them needs to be treated with protective agents. The installed piles are backfilled and compacted with earth. The base can be filled with concrete, but then all subsequent stages will be possible only after the mixture has completely hardened. It is important that the height of the supports is the same. After leveling, the cuts are prepared. They are needed to fix the base strapping. Reliable harness minimizes the possibility of lag deformation. Some craftsmen attach the structure to the wall of the structure for reliability.
The ladder is made by forming a bowstring. This element comes with cut-out ledges, inserted or mortise steps. To ensure that the recesses for the feet are the same, a pattern is prepared, the dimensions of which correspond to the tread and riser. Using the pattern, markings are prepared along the bowstring itself.
The porch is mandatory element the entrance part of the building and its “business card”. The desire to decorate your own home, taking into account fashion trends and personal taste preferences are inherent in almost everyone. The design of the porch of a private house should emphasize the integrity of the entire structure and make it more attractive. There are many options for designing the entrance of a building, so we invite you to consider the most popular and interesting of them.
Wooden porch
The most popular option remains installation wooden flooring on the porch. In most cases, such structures are made from pine wood, as the most inexpensive and popular natural raw material. If the porch is properly sealed, varnished and painted, it will look attractive for many years.
This current method decoration of the facade, which is decorated in country style. This design can be complemented with wood-based porch decor, which will add atmosphere country cottage. Wood can be complemented with stone, which is relevant not only for country style. In private country buildings, these two materials look quite harmonious together and are suitable for finishing platforms, doors and for use as decoration.
Concrete porch
Concrete is considered universal material, which is cheap and reliable, and is also optimally suited for making a porch. This monolithic design, which will not begin to wobble over time, which is sometimes inherent in wooden products. In addition, it can be easily repaired and decorated with any decor. Do not forget that a concrete porch can be of various shapes, which will not particularly affect the price and the amount of time to complete the task.
Concrete structures can be decorated with tiles, for example, clinker. There are options trimmed with stone, and also painted and treated with other materials. IN modern buildings with a facade made of wood, brick or siding, a concrete porch can be left without additional covering. This allows you to emphasize the features of the texture of the walls and their colors.
Brick porch
A brick porch is a more expensive option compared to the previous ones, but it also looks attractive and is considered a fairly reliable solution for decorating a home. Installing the structure may take more time and require serious effort, but in the future the work put in will pay off in a big way, since it does not require additional maintenance.
Often, a brick porch has a concrete base or a covering of steps based on other materials. There are also options for laying tiles on the steps. It looks homely, inspires confidence and adds reliability to the building. But be careful, as any step surface you choose should not be slippery, otherwise this area will become potentially dangerous in the cold season due to snow and ice.
Porch made of stone
Natural stone is considered a classic option. Such raw materials are distinguished by durability, presentability and strength, which is especially important. There are many varieties of stone, some suitable for foundation and a number of others suitable for creating decorative elements(and the raw materials for making the base will cost much more). Although, in general, all types of stone can withstand adverse weather conditions and will not require additional maintenance for a long time.
If the building is made of stone, then you can fit a porch with columns into the overall structure. Natural stone can be combined with monumental elements. This composition will look harmonious.
Metal and wrought iron porch
Usually, when they talk about a forged or metal porch, they mean decorative parts of the structure - awnings, railings, steps, which are made of metal. But sometimes a completely metal porch is installed in a private house.
The main advantage of such structures is increased strength and service life. However, you will have to constantly paint and treat your porch to prevent it from deteriorating due to corrosion. Moreover, a metal floor will be quite cold, so it is not suitable for arranging a terrace. The latter option requires a concrete base or wood flooring on a metal base.
Porch with canopy
In most cases, awnings seem to continue the roof and, together with the porch, perform an important function of protection from the effects of precipitation and solar radiation. This is an excellent option for arranging a comfortable entrance to the building.
If the building has architectural features, which will not allow you to install a canopy over the main entrance, even a small one, replace it with a canopy. Such a detail will not only partially perform the functions of a canopy, but will also be able to diversify the appearance of the building, and if you choose the product correctly or make it in an original way, it will become a real decoration of the exterior.
Even a small canopy can make the entrance to a private home more presentable. Its shade can protect you from the sun, as well as save you from streams of water during the rain if you open the doors or wait for the car.
Porch with steps and railings
If the house has a high foundation and you can install steps that will lead to the main entrance, installing railings will be relevant. This design will make the exterior of the building appear safer and more stable, and will also perform a very specific function and help residents and visitors enter the house in bad weather.
This traditional look registration of entrance to the building. It can be combined with a canopy or canopy, and can also be decorated various designs additionally, so that the composition looks complete.
The porch is a part of the house that is subject to constant use due to increased traffic. Completed in harmonious combination with the material of the walls, it becomes a beautiful evidence of the owner’s well-being and his attentive attitude to his home.
Several design options
First of all, you need to decide on your options entrance group, several landscaping methods are described below.
Open entrance
A porch without a canopy is sometimes used for private houses. This type of entrance represents a platform open on all sides. Railings are not installed, since the height usually does not exceed several steps. The site is exposed to precipitation, since there is no roof or canopy over it.
Most often, an open area is created if there is a veranda behind it. Such open types They are installed in southern regions with a dry climate, and in damp areas with high rainfall, open options are not built.
With terrace
A covered area with a porch is the most effective solution, it is economical and practical to use. It is impossible to make a separate canopy in front of the entrance if the platform falls under the common extended edge of the roof or there is a balcony above it. Some canopy options involve expanding it to the roof of a parking lot or a small cozy terrace.
Buried option
This type involves fencing the site with walls made of wood. They can be solid and contain window openings in their design. The role of the roof is played by a separate canopy or a higher balcony above the entrance. Such a weather-protected room further expands usable area Houses.
Sometimes the area inside the closed entrance is made spacious and an additional kitchen is installed there. summer time for preparing food, in winter they put shelves for storing food. Can be combined closed type entrance with a spacious terrace for parties and receiving friends. If you make a thorough and spacious closed entrance, then most often it is necessary to arrange a foundation.
How to make a wooden porch with your own hands - step-by-step work
The construction of a wooden porch often does not require an additional foundation, which helps save money. When manufacturing the structure, attention is paid to massive steps and original railings.
Wood goes well with walls made of artificial and natural stone, brick, covered with siding or plastic. The canopy posts are made massive if the design concept requires it, or they are decorated with figures, light carvings, and balusters of unusual shapes are installed. Wood is easy to paint various colors, which makes it possible to develop design ideas.
Wood is a malleable material that can be easily processed and can be processed in complex ways. Steps and others wooden structures, treated with special impregnations against rotting and antiseptics against microbes, will last for quite a long time, and will not only have a presentable appearance, but also delight the owners of the house with their greatness and splendor.
The porch is divided according to the method of connection to the house:
- built-in type located on common ground with the house and being built with it;
- attached, carried out in the process of finishing work.
Construction device
The construction is carried out on a natural straight or sloping site using a frame. Made from wood or metal box, serving as the basis for installing and fastening steps. This a budget option and it can be implemented at any stage of construction or after the start of operation of the house.
A porch is built on a bowstring or reinforced stringer, in which a metal box-base is provided only in the lower part, and the upper part rests on the base of the house or floor slab. This method opens up the possibility of more options design solutions, since it has a large bearing capacity than the previous budget option.
Common mistakes
It’s better to learn from the mistakes of others, so we were able to identify several common deviations that beginners encounter:
- When designing, the materials of the walls of the house were not taken into account, and the porch is knocked out of general style exterior;
- errors in the dimensions of the structure do not provide a proportional combination with the dimensions of the house;
- errors are made in measurements, the surrounding paths, flower beds, location and dimensions of the front door are not taken into account, which distorts the correctness of the design solution;
- excess consumption of material is allowed as a result of incorrect choice of design;
- the design strength of the structure is insufficient;
- not provided additional processing antiseptics and protective compounds open parts and load-bearing structures in the ground, which leads to premature damage to wood and reduces its service life;
- the absence of a load-bearing foundation under a heavy, massive porch leads to sloughing of the soil and displacement of the structure;
- soil characteristics are not taken into account, in particular, subsidence and the possibility of heaving.
Choosing building material
When planning construction, you should first determine the type of wood most suitable for the structure. For outdoor buildings, coniferous wood, pine or larch are chosen. You can make parts from a whole log, which looks very colorful for large estates and mansions. Stringers can be made from logs laid on top of each other, and steps are provided from a trunk sawn along the length.
For the device you will need to prepare the following types of material:
- It is recommended to make the porch supports from 10 x 20 cm timber. This is a standard solution; the choice of section for each specific case depends on the load, the number of supports and other operating conditions;
- for the manufacture of an array of platforms and steps optimally a board will do thickness from 2.5 to 5 cm depending on the span;
- you can install ready-made balusters and railings in the structure, or you can make them from slats or thin timber, the dimensions of which are determined depending on the project;
- provide protective solutions and compositions for impregnation of finished parts;
- concrete and metallic profile(if they are provided for by the design for the foundation).
We design
If you start construction without a project or diagram, then the difficulties that arise will put the craftsman in front of the need to change something during the construction of the structure. The presence of all diagrams and dimensions in a visual form on paper will make changes easier and simpler. The project must contain:
- drawing, drawing or photo appearance porches in frontal and lateral projection;
- the location, number and height of steps are indicated;
- height and placement of railings, frequency of balusters;
- size and shape of the visor;
- dimensions of the platform base;
- the dimensions of the side walls, their thickness, the presence of window and door openings.
There are patterns, defined by norms and rules, used for the rapid construction of structures:
- the platform is made at the level of the foundation or base of the house;
- the width of the area in front of the front door, taking into account the size of the first step, is usually taken to be 1.3–1.7 m;
- the width of the step should be within 30–40 cm, its standard height is 15–20 cm;
- the bottom of the visor is located 25–30 cm above the top of the entrance door;
- The minimum width of the passage on the porch for one person is taken to be within 70–80 cm; for two people to walk hand in hand, this passage is increased to 1.4–1.6 m.
- if the ascent to the platform is more than three steps, then the porch must be equipped with railings;
- the front door usually opens outward, so the last finishing layer of the platform should not raise it more than 5 cm below the level of the opening line;
- The project includes waterproofing wooden walls from concrete base, if provided;
- the width of the platform is made taking into account the opening of a double or single leaf door;
- it is recommended to provide night lighting for the entrance area and the surrounding area;
- the extension of the canopy is made by 40–50 cm in length and width relative to the platform;
- It is recommended to include in the design an inclination angle of the steps and platform of about 2–3 degrees to avoid the accumulation of water and the formation of ice.
Making the foundation
A lightweight structure can be installed without a foundation, but its foundation will help avoid the structure’s dependence on seasonal shifts and swelling of the soil. To do this, you can choose a columnar foundation.
A solid slab-type foundation is located under the porch and platform and is made in the form of a foundation for massive large entrances combined with terraces and verandas. The strip foundation is the most economical, as it has sufficient tensile strength with reduced material costs.
It is better to take the depth of the foundation at the level of the foundation of the house. It is recommended to fasten these two foundations together using embedded parts made of reinforcement or strip metal.
During construction, a number of mandatory rules must be observed according to the instructions:
- the base of the stringer beam must rest in an area isolated from moisture, which is located on the foundation;
- supports are best made from coniferous wood, which works better in wet conditions contact with the ground;
- It is imperative to treat all load-bearing and structural parts with an antiseptic to a height of up to 52 cm above the soil level; drying oil or used machine oil is used as impregnation;
- the supports are installed to a depth of at least 80 cm or at a distance equal to 1/3 of the length, the number of racks depends on the massiveness of the structure;
- after hardening concrete mortar adjust the height of the racks;
- for reliable laying of beams and joists in the upper part of the racks, quarters are chosen;
Installing the steps
The steps are installed from below and gradually move upward. They are attached to the beam with self-tapping screws or wooden pins. It is advisable to lubricate both of them with wood glue before use. The heads of the screws must be well sunk into the wood to avoid foot injuries.
The porch is the first thing guests see and can be considered the calling card of any home. The design of the porch creates an impression not only of the house, but also of its owner. And the neater and more attractive it looks, the better.
IN decorative purposes Sculptures, flowers, columns, and carved balusters are often used. But you need to take into account the general style. Let's say for a simple wooden house chic won't do stone porch, and, on the contrary, for a huge brick structure, a small porch made of wood will look ridiculous.
The main components of the structure are:
- Steps;
- Railing;
- Visor;
- Area.
Types of porches
There are many types of porches. They vary in size, materials from which they are made, additional elements and functionality.
First, let's look at the most common ones. It is suitable for small house or dachas. It's the easiest to build.
Brick porch will look organic next to a brick house. However, with proper decoration, this can be done for a wooden house and buildings sheathed with other materials.
Porch with columns Not suitable for every home. Firstly, because it is not easy to fit into the overall design. Secondly, not many materials are compatible in style with columns. The columns fit well into a building made of brick or stone.
Screened porch especially relevant for cold climates. It is more difficult to design than usual, but in its functionality this porch is superior to the main types.
Porch design
Before starting construction itself, it is necessary to at least have the entire construction plan in mind. But it’s better to draw it on paper and calculate all the dimensions, pay attention to all the nuances.
For the project it is important to provide:
- Location of adjacent parts (doors, walkways);
- Construction materials;
- Tools;
An example of a project is shown in the figure. This porch consists of:
- supporting part;
- steps;
- handrail;
- side part in the form of a flower bed;
- canopy
The porch, as a rule, is made so that it is on the same level with the 1st floor of the house, but you need to take into account the margin for the front door, which should be at least 5 cm from the porch area (since according to the technique fire safety The front door should open outwards).
When designing, you should take into account a canopy or a full roof for protection from precipitation. You definitely need to think about fencing, since winter period the steps often become icy. It will be dangerous to move along them without support at this time.
How to choose materials for a porch
When choosing materials for a porch, it is best to rely on what the main building is made of. As already mentioned, to wooden house wood is suitable, brick is suitable for brick. At the same time, it is possible to select compositions from different materials. But for this they need to be correctly assembled and adjusted. So, for example, a porch made from typical stair steps into a spacious stone house, and ceramic cladding will make such a structure original.
A wooden structure is the easiest to build, since it does not require much support, which means that you can do without a foundation. But this material also has obvious shortcomings - low strength.
How additional material Metal will do just fine. It is usually mounted on a concrete base.
Important! Do not forget about waterproofing; in humid and cold climates this plays a big role.
How to calculate the size of the porch
It would seem that you don’t have to worry too much about the size, but this is not so, because the porch must first of all be safe. And also convenient.
Door area. Let's start with an observation: to open a door, a person first approaches the door, turns, inserts the key, opens it, and then takes a step back. To do all these actions, you need a certain space to the left and right of the door, as well as in front of it.
Exist building codes, which regulate the dimensions of the porch. They differ depending on whether the door is single-leaf or double-leaf.
For the first, the depth should be at least one and a half meters, the width from one and a half to one meter and sixty centimeters. For the second, with the same depth, the width should be over two meters. Of course, one should not take these parameters as an ideal. It would be better if they were at least slightly exceeded. You should definitely take care of this if the porch is high.
Steps. Their width differs from structures inside buildings; external ones should be more comfortable and safe. It is recommended to make a tread of at least 30 centimeters.
Despite the fact that the number of steps is often small, their height, on the contrary, should be reduced compared to internal stairs. Good height in this case it ranges from 14 to 17 centimeters.
Railings and fences. If the porch is more than 3 steps high, then it is necessary to install fences on it. The standard size of the railing is suitable - 80-90 centimeters.
Light . Lighting is important during the construction of a porch, since this is a place of particular risk of injury. The same rule of 3 steps applies here, that is, if the staircase has 4 or more steps, then one lamp is not enough. You need to hang at least two so that they illuminate the porch from different sides. This is due to the fact that located above the door lighting fixture gives a large shadow, as a result of which the steps are not visible properly.
Visor. What is it for? The first answer that comes to mind is to hide from the rain. But, besides this, it is also designed to protect the steps from precipitation, which is especially important in winter. Therefore, the canopy should be made wider than the porch. It is recommended that it be at least 30 centimeters longer than the porch on all sides.
Such a large canopy reduces the amount of light, especially if there are windows underneath it. To solve this problem, you can use polycarbonate for the purpose of constructing such a roof.
We build a porch for a house with our own hands
Let's consider the option of building a porch, the price of which most closely matches the quality. To do this, it is necessary to make a base from a conventional foundation, strengthening it with reinforcement and several layers of cement filled with mortar.
This porch can be finished with tiles, stone or any other suitable material.
Preparatory work
The construction of a porch, like any other object, begins with clearing the area and marking it. This is done in order to save time in the future. All necessary tool and material (rebar, sand and cement).
Concrete foundation
It’s easy to guess that it all starts with creating a foundation, under which the first step is to dig a pit (the depth is equal to the size of the foundation of the house itself). Then, according to the rules, you should fill in a bed of gravel and sand, and then pour in the concrete, installing the formwork.
Rules and regulations should be followed so that the porch does not have to be restored in the next few years.
For the foundation you will need broken brick, on top of which a mesh of ribbed reinforcement is installed. This will strengthen the foundation and secure it to the foundation of the main building. Next, you need to remove the reinforcement from the foundation of the building; the future threshold will be poured over it. After you have a finished “floor” for the base, you need to drive more vertical pieces of reinforcement into it, which we pour on top good solution cement.
Porch base
After the foundation is poured, it is time to move on to forming the base of the porch. Backfill brick is suitable for this purpose. They should lay out the base of the structure, taking into account required dimensions. At this stage, do not forget about waterproofing, since brick is sensitive to high humidity. You need both horizontal and vertical types waterproofing - the base is cut off from the porch, the entire base is treated with aquazol or a double layer of roofing material.
Laying steps
The time has come to lay the steps. This will come in handy quality brick, it is not recommended to take a used one. In principle, almost any type of brick will do. It is placed on ordinary solution, in a way convenient for the builder. This stage should be approached with special care, because the steps are the main part of this structure.
Finishing and decoration
There is no big difference whether it is a wooden or brick porch, because the main thing is ease of use, high quality, reliability and durability. But the aesthetic component is also not in last place.
Therefore, it is necessary to decorate the porch of the house. To increase service life it is worth metal corner trim the edges of the steps.
For the integrity of the architectural ensemble, it is necessary to carry out coordinated color solutions. So, if the enclosing structures have forging elements, then it would be a good idea to use similar elements in the design of railings and pilasters for the canopy.
Various directions in porch decor
Examples beautiful design can be seen in the video
Classic. In this case, a gable canopy, turned railings and round balusters are required. Stone or tiles are suitable as cladding.
Castle style. Quite a massive structure, decorated natural stone. For decorative purposes, you can use torch lamps, grilles, and heavy furniture.
Old Russian era. In Rus', the front entrance of a traditional wooden house was made high, on large heavy supports, and it was quite spacious. It was customary to use patterns and carved elements in large quantities as decorations.
Porch-patio. This structure looks like open terrace, adjacent to the house. There are benches, tables, and chairs on it. However, not in all cases a roof is placed over the structure.
European style. This design is characterized by restrained lines and regular features. As a rule, such a porch is a low structure. For cladding, use ceramic tiles or suitable variety stone
French style. A special feature here is the “French window”. Although in fact this is a door made with an openwork lattice design. Flowers are used to complement hanging planters, wicker and wooden furniture.
Whatever porch design is chosen, it is important to remember to comply with construction technologies and the quality of materials. If these requirements are met, the porch will last a long time. And finally, I would like to post photos various designs porch for wooden, brick and other houses.
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A beautiful, reliable, comfortable, durable porch is impossible not to notice. It is possible to enter and exit the house only through a stepped extension outside. The porch is the homeowner’s calling card. Made of stone, wood or metal, it complements the exterior of the house and gives the building a finished look. Providing convenient passage into the home, it is also designed to protect the doorway from sunlight, rain streams and heavy snowfall.
As a rule, when developing a project for a new country house or cottage, the construction of a porch is provided. But sometimes, for some reason, a building is erected without arranging a porch, and after some time it becomes necessary to attach it with your own hands. At first glance, adding steps to the front door is a rather troublesome and complicated task. However, even beginner amateur builder.
Preparation and selection of material
A beautiful and practical porch to the door is built from stone and brick, concrete and wood. Original combinations of any material with forged elements fit harmoniously into the design of any country house. It is easier for a novice builder or homeowner without construction skills to build a porch at the dacha out of wood with his own hands, since wood can easily be processed, is relatively inexpensive and does not require complex skills. If desired, wooden railings and canopy can be decorated with an exclusive carved pattern. Proper design of the porch Recommendations and drawings from the Internet help you for your home.
Gallery: wooden porch in a private house (25 photos)
Types of wooden structures
When starting to build a wooden porch, you need to understand that the structure must be strong and reliable. During daily use, the staircase to the entrance wears out much faster than the building itself. Most often, timber and boards made of larch, spruce or other coniferous wood are used to build a porch.
Structurally, there are several types of porches:
A properly selected wooden porch design emphasizes integrity architectural style and the attractiveness of a private building.
Laying the foundation
Laying a strong and reliable foundation for any structure is mandatory. A structure installed without a quality foundation warps, cracks and collapses. The choice of foundation for a porch is determined by several factors: depth groundwater, soil density, climatic conditions. The main aspect is the size and weight of the structure. A massive, heavy porch made of brick or stone requires the construction of a strip or slab foundation, or a concrete pad. It is enough to install a light wooden porch on piles.
No problems arise when the foundation for the porch is cast simultaneously with the construction of the house. Otherwise, before building a porch, you need to decide how to make the base and whether to connect it to the house. When drawing up a project for an extension, its shape is determined: trapezoidal, radial, triangular or rectangular. And also the direction of the steps. There can be one flight of stairs, leading to the front door from two opposite or adjacent sides (at an angle), or having several flights.
Easy wooden stairs of several steps it is enough to install on a simple and inexpensive columnar foundation. For making wooden supports flight of stairs use screw piles, concrete, monolithic or brick blocks, as well as asbestos-cement pipes reinforced with reinforcement and filled with concrete. Wooden piles, even impregnated with oil and antiseptic, will last much less. On any supports buried below the freezing level of the soil, a horizontal timber frame is mounted.
More complex and massive wooden porches are installed on concrete pad. To do this, a pit with a depth of 30 to 40 cm is dug according to the size of the porch and installed wooden formwork. The bottom is covered with a 10 cm layer of sand, gravel or broken brick and filled cement mortar 3 cm. Then it is installed reinforcement cage and filled with a concrete mixture of 1 part cement and 4 parts sand and crushed stone. The formation of voids will be prevented by piercing with a thin rod in several places. The surface is leveled and left until completely hardened for 7-10 days.
Essential elements
Today country houses Most often they are built from timber, laminated wood, rounded logs, gun carriages. A strong and durable porch for a wooden house can be built entirely from wood or its naturalness can be emphasized with stone finishing.
The porch of any design consists of horizontal platform and stairs:
Flights of stairs are installed on side inclined boards, bowstrings. The steps are attached to the bowstrings with dowels, screws, pins or installed in specially cut grooves. More durable and reliable structures with steps laid in special triangular cuts on the sidewalls. This type of bowstring stringer, is used more often.
The stringer can be simple stepped and more durable with “fillies”. All dimensions of the stringer must be measured with special care. To correctly cut this most complex structural element, it is recommended to make a stencil from thick cardboard or plywood. Boards for bowstrings are taken without cracks and knots, no thinner than 60 mm, with a width of 30 cm. For a span of more than 1 meter, it is recommended to install 3 bowstrings or stringers.
Porch assembly
A wooden porch will last longer if you follow certain rules:
- The wood must be properly dried. After sawing, it is recommended to sand or sand all structural elements;
- All parts require impregnation with an antiseptic before installation, protective agent from insects and a moisture-repellent solution.
The flight of stairs can be open, without installing a riser, or closed. To drain rainwater, treads can be installed with a slope of 1-2°. A stringer for a timber porch can be made of metal.
Stages of staircase assembly:
Assembly using the tongue-and-groove principle using waterproof glue is considered the most reliable.
Regular update paint coating maintains an attractive appearance.
It is easier for novice “dummies” builders to install treads on backing bars (breakers).
The roof of the attached porch can be installed as a canopy on columns or attached with a canopy to the wall of the building.
