01. We obtain high-strength concrete in ANYONE region

02. We are nothing NOT sell

03. To you NOT will have to buy equipment

04. Concrete only from yours LOCAL components

05. Someone will do better? We will pay you ourselves!

Why are we the best
on high-strength concrete?

Candidate of Technical Sciences
Vladimir Volodin

gets concrete
brand M2500 (B180)

Volodin Vladimir Mikhailovich(Technical Director)

01. Brought the grade of concrete to the incredible M2500
(having obtained the strongest mass-produced concrete in Europe)

02. Participated in exposing concrete in the Moscow City high-rises

03. Developed high-strength concrete for the Vostochny Cosmodrome

04. Wrote a dissertation on high-strength concrete

05. Candidate of Technical Sciences ()

06. Winner of international competitions in concrete science ()

08. Inventor (patent holder)

Abramov Dmitry Alexandrovich(director)

01. Implemented technology in more than ten large factories CIS

02. Found a site with a raw material base for the production of the cheapest high-strength concrete (in Europe)

03. Inventor

Where is high-strength concrete used in Russia?

In Russia absolutely
don't know how to make
high strength concrete
(in tangible volumes)

According to the latest research...


Less than 0.3% profit concrete plants spend on R&D

“High-strength concrete” in Russia is:

High-rise buildings (above 40 floors)- strength about M1150 (B90)

Glass fiber reinforced concrete- M900 (at the same time super-expensive, super-cement-intensive)

Floor hardeners- maximum strength M800 (B60)

Architectural products (facades, etc.)- less than M800 (B60)

Paving slabs- less than M700 (B55)

Interchanges (for roads of the 1st category)- occasionally M600 (B45-B50)

Special products made of reinforced concrete- M600 (B45-B50)

Why is high-strength concrete sold at 2-3 times higher than cost?

The lack of standards for selecting recipes for high-strength concrete gives rise to a lot of intermediaries and sellers of additives.

No one guarantees high-strength concrete (except us).

Factories spend 0.3% of expenses on research (concrete science).

Prices for concrete for Moscow City high-rises

Price list of Ingeokomprom CJSC, supplier of concrete for Moscow City high-rise buildings, for concrete mixtures dated June 01, 2014.
Source of information: http://eprom.su/prajjs-list/ (screenshot from 07/03/2015)

How do we get the most durable concrete in the Russian Federation?

We "spied" on the Germans

We have worked for many years

over high strength concrete

As a result, they surpassed their Western counterparts

In which cities did we receive high-strength concrete?

Moscow - from M1450 (to M2500)

Ulyanovsk - M1200

Almaty (Kazakhstan)- M1200

Samara Region- M1300

Vladivostok - M1200

Yakutia - M1000

Republic of Bashkortostan- M1200

Chelyabinsk - M1300-M1400

Krasnoyarsk - M1300-M1400

Ekaterinburg - M1200

Penza - M1400

Vladimir - savings from 85 to 850 rubles. per cube

Naberezhnye Chelny- M1300

Kaluga - M1200

St. Petersburg - M1400

and others

Minimum 100,000 rub. per day
we save for our clients

How much do our services for setting up the production of high-strength concrete cost?

The price depends on the degree of our involvement.

Minimum price for the introduction of high-strength concrete:
The amount of your savings
per 500 m 3 high-strength concrete

Unclear? Call us and we will explain

THREE WEEKS is the average time from the start of working with us to the release of the first batch of high-strength concrete in your production.

If we start working with you, You will receive unlimited annual technical support for concrete science (telephone, mail, additional modifications of compositions, business trips if necessary).

What if it doesn't work out? If something doesn't work out, we will return all the money.

Need more information?

Come for a visit!
We are in a HUGE concrete plant.
Address: Russia, Tolyatti, Nikonova 52
International. Airport: KUF (Kurumoch) (40 min. drive to us)
Railway station: “Zhigulevskoe Sea” (6 min. drive to us)

Concrete mixtures belong to the category of the most used materials in construction. This entails permanent job to improve the composite composition and the quality of its components. Several years ago, the category of especially durable artificial stones included materials of class B30, but today this situation has changed in the most dramatic way.

Modern high-strength concrete in its characteristics and technological properties differs significantly from classical mixtures for the production of concrete stone. Its parameters differ not only in strength, but also in a number of other characteristics. However, today there are several various types high-strength composite materials used in .

Back in Soviet times, the standard range of building materials provided for the possibility of producing high-strength concrete of the corresponding classes from B40 to B60. They were used in the construction of especially critical structures and elements of bridges, dams, railway sleepers and others. However distinctive characteristic These compositions were characterized by their high rigidity and low ability for high-quality installation.

Modern composite mixtures of increased strength not only are they highly resistant to mechanical and weight loads, but also an excellent level of manufacturability when laid in a monolithic structure. Very good mobility and the ability of materials to self-compact make it possible to eliminate the use of vibration equipment and reduce the required number of workers per construction site.

The ability of heavy-duty concrete to self-compact during placement

When obtaining new types of concrete, manufacturers of building materials receive a unique structure artificial stone thanks to the use of continuous granulometry technology for all components.

Precisely selected fractions of fillers no larger than 20 mm in size and specially processed to obtain a special shape make it possible to obtain a special active structure of the material, capable of flowing and compacting under its own weight. Due to these properties, such mixtures received the general name of self-compacting concrete (SCC).

The combination of high-quality thin floor Portland cements, active mineral additives and fine processed fillers ensures that the installation system remains as stable and easy to use as possible. However, it should be noted that the selection and sorting of the constituent components is quite complex in technological terms. Therefore, such balanced systems are quite expensive and are used only after an appropriate economic justification.

Technology for preparing composite compositions

It is used for the construction of long bridge spans, reducing the number of load-bearing supports and speeding up the project completion time. The use of new composite materials is usually aimed at solving complex engineering problems and is rarely found in traditional ways construction.

Video review of the material

• Date: 20-11-2014
• Views: 1709
• Comments:
• Rating: 24

Concrete is a unique and multifunctional material. It is successfully used at almost all stages of construction; finishing materials and paving slabs. The strength and durability of any structure depends on its quality. How to make strong concrete that can last for many decades?

The technological process for preparing durable concrete seems straightforward, but at the same time the number of complaints about cracking, for example, in the foundation, is growing.

What do you need to know and take into account so that concrete for any purpose lives up to expectations?

Basic Concepts

Classically, concrete means a mixture of the following components:

1. Cement – connecting link, turning the components into a monolith.
2. Sand is the basis of strength and filler of small voids.
3. Aggregate - this can be gravel, crushed stone and some other materials. It is the stone component that provides the unique strength of the material.
4. Special additives - all kinds of plasticizers, etc. With the help of these chemical compositions the concrete is given the desired consistency and its quality is improved.
5. Water.

The main indicator of concrete quality is compressive strength. This characteristic reflects the ability of the solution to withstand mechanical stress, which is inevitable. This indicator is measured in MPa (megapascals) and reflects the level of load that concrete can withstand without deformation and changes in properties. The strength of concrete depends on the quality and type of cement used for preparation, the fraction of sand and aggregate, compliance technological process. Concrete is marked depending on its strength from B 3.5 to B 80, where the number is an indicator of the pressure that this composition can withstand in 95% of cases.

The simplest concrete, often used for laying a foundation base, is a simple mixture of cement and coarse sand. Depending on the use of auxiliary components, the strength of the composition increases, and hence the durability and reliability of the structure.

But before choosing a recipe that will make concrete strong, it is important to understand all the components. The effectiveness of the work will depend on their quality.

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Cement is the basis

Cement is the main and most important ingredient of the composition called concrete. It provides linking of additional components.

The ideal option for preparing durable concrete is Portland cement. Due to the high content of calcium silicates, it provides ideal adhesion (cohesion) of materials. An additional advantage of this material is that it can work at lower temperatures, but this advantage should not be abused. Preparing the mixture and pouring it at temperatures below +16ْ°C will negatively affect the quality. If there is a need to carry out work in a cold climate, it is imperative to use special plasticizers. For working in warm weather summer period Portland slag cement is suitable.

When purchasing cement, the main reference point is the brand. It is indicated on the bag, and the cost will depend on it. Usually it looks like this: M 500-D 10 (numbers may vary). The first indicator is the same strength, the optimal grade is M 500, you can also use M 400, but this will affect the quality, the concrete will be less durable. The second indicator is the content of impurities, the value D 10 indicates that the cement contains 10% of foreign elements. In order for concrete to be sufficiently light and strong, you should choose a material with an index of up to D 20.

In addition to a thorough approach to choosing a cement brand, a visual assessment is also necessary. High-quality material must be dry, homogeneous and free-flowing. Even slight dampness will negatively affect the strength of the structure.

The need for concrete must be assessed immediately before starting work, maximum 2 weeks in advance. In this case, it is better to purchase the missing bag than to leave the excess; during storage, they will absorb moisture from environment and will become low-quality ballast. When purchasing, you need to carefully check the integrity of the packaging and the presence of appropriate markings.

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Can't do without sand

It is possible to do without this component of concrete in extremely rare cases. In the rest, it is sand that will provide sufficient density and high-quality filling of voids. What should the sand be like in order to?

1. Clean. This is one of the most important characteristics. Foreign impurities, especially of plant origin, will decompose in the thickness of concrete, reducing its strength. If the sand was purchased clogged, it must be sifted. Even if it takes time, it will significantly increase the strength of the future structure.
2. Homogeneous. Sand with a fraction of 1.5 to 5 mm is suitable for construction. But at the same time, you need to try to ensure that the run-up is no more than 1.5-2 mm. The more homogeneous the sand, the stronger the structure.

It is preferable to use river sand, since it is often already clean. The ravine often contains loamy impurities and silty inclusions. In some cases, it is possible to thoroughly wash and then allow the sand to settle, but this is labor-intensive, especially at home.

In some regions, far from large rivers, you can find so-called stone or rock sand. It is a rock crushed to the required fraction. When using such a material, you need to take into account that it is much heavier than ordinary sand, which means that its use will not allow you to obtain lightweight concrete, which is especially important when installing interfloor floors.

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What should a quality filler be like?

Almost any stone of suitable size can act as a concrete filler. But here there are several requirements that will help improve the quality of concrete.

1. The filler must be clean. As with sand, you need to make sure in advance that there are no impurities. If necessary, resort to sifting.
2. Regardless of the type of filler, all elements must have a rough surface; it is this that ensures high adhesion. For this reason, you should avoid using pebbles.
3. The optimal fraction is from 8 to 35 mm, the rule of uniformity is maintained. But in the case of self-filling, it is better to use gravel of different fractions, for example, fine and medium. In this case, it will provide better compaction even without the use of professional tampers.
4. In order to obtain a lightweight but very durable casting material after hardening, it is recommended to use expanded clay.

Aggregates are usually quite heavy, so they must be stored in close proximity to where the concrete is mixed. In addition, you need to take into account that gravel can become contaminated during storage, which means that it is better to organize the embankment on a solid base or on a tarpaulin. When storing material on the ground, the bottom layer becomes waste or requires washing and drying.

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What about water and other components?

In order for concrete to be strong and last for many years, you need to use tap water, which is at least conditionally drinkable. It is strictly not recommended to use water from natural reservoirs; it contains acidic and alkaline impurities that will not allow you to make strong and lightweight concrete.

In addition, various components are often added to the solution, changing the properties towards improvement.

1. Plasticizers. These are special compositions that allow you to change the properties of concrete. With their help, you can reduce the need for water, adjust fluidity and plasticity.
2. Lime. It is usually added to simplify working with concrete, which is especially important for delicate manipulations. This is an optional component and use is at the discretion of the artist.
3. Corrective components. With their help you can make concrete resistant to low temperatures and other aggressive conditions. Moreover, if work is carried out outside the permissible temperature limits, the use of such means becomes mandatory.
4. Reinforcing additives. As a rule, PVC sheeting is used; it is soft and not very strong, but when placed between layers of screed, it successfully protects concrete from tearing and cracking. With its help you can make a fairly strong, but at the same time lightweight layer.

Thus, all kinds of additives make it possible to improve concrete and make it more resistant to external factors.

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Correct ratio of components

So, the high-quality components of the future durable concrete have been selected and purchased, but that’s not all. Their ratio is no less important; in addition, the proportions vary depending on the type of work.

For pouring, coarse crushed stone and sufficiently liquid concrete with good fluidity are required. This will fill all the voids. But before pouring, it is recommended to install a substrate of low grade cement; the consistency of the material should resemble moist soil.

The most common proportion is 1:3:6, respectively, cement, sand, aggregate and up to 1 part water, depending on the need and type of structure. But this relationship is not universal, since the density of materials can change under the influence of many factors. It would be most reasonable to calculate the indicators, armed with technical reference books. If weight is chosen as the main measurement, it is necessary to dry the sand and aggregate so that the liquid does not disturb the calculation.

This rule holds true for any determination of the ratio of components. It is necessary to use the same dishes and make adjustments if necessary. Otherwise, the error will definitely make itself known, but at a time when it will no longer be possible to correct it.

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Mixing ingredients

The process of mixing the components is no less important. Inhomogeneous concrete not only causes difficulties during pouring, but also changes the ratio of components due to their sticking to the tool.

The ideal option is to use a concrete mixer; this device is designed to make perfect concrete. The unit can be purchased or rented; today many people offer this service construction companies. The concrete mixer must be installed at a minimum distance so that the concrete does not have time to harden during transportation - this is contrary to the technological process.

You can make high-quality concrete the old fashioned way, by mixing it in an old trough. But in this case, you will have to put in a lot of effort to make the mixture homogeneous.

There are two methods for preparing the solution:

1. Dry. When using it, all dry components are pre-mixed, and only after that water and plasticizers are added. The danger of this method is that it is extremely difficult to ensure high-quality and fast enough access of liquid to the lower layers, and this can upset the proportion. When mixed for a long time, the cement will begin to set, which will affect the strength of the concrete.
2. Wet. All dry ingredients are gradually added to the measured water. This method is not without its drawbacks, but it is still preferable, especially when preparing a small volume of solution.

Concrete is the most popular building material. It is very durable, does not burn, and is not susceptible to destruction by mold and mildew. Over time, properly made concrete only becomes stronger. Concrete is very environmentally friendly material, so it consists of 100% natural components - sand, water, crushed stone (crushed stone) and cement (specially burnt and finely ground lime). Only in the rarest cases is construction done without concrete, and then only in those cases when it is not possible to prepare it.

Strength grades. Composition of concrete.

What is a strength grade for any building materials (concrete, mortar, brick, etc.)? maximum load, which the material can withstand per square centimeter.

If, for example, the brand of brick is 200, then this brick can withstand one square centimeter 200 kg. The surface area of ​​the brick is 300 cm2. This means that one brick can withstand 300 cm2 200 kg = 60,000 kg.

In general, the strength of concrete is a rather variable parameter, and during the entire hardening process it increases. For example: after three days - there will be one strength, in a week - another (up to 70% of the design, under appropriate weather conditions). After a standard period of 28 days of normal hardening, the design (calculated) strength is achieved. Well, after six months it becomes even higher. In principle, concrete hardens and gains strength over many years.

Concrete grade M100.

To prepare concrete M100 you need:

• 1 bucket of cement grade 400
• 3 buckets of sand.
• 6 buckets of crushed stone (limestone), fraction 35.

Mainly used for grillage (foundation base) in the ground.

Concrete grade M200.

• 1 bucket of cement M 400.
• 2 buckets of sand.
• 5 buckets of crushed stone (from limestone), fraction 35.

We use for the manufacture of load-bearing lintels, purlins, reinforced belts around the perimeter of the building, blind areas, reinforced concrete floors, and fill brick columns with concrete inside.

Why does concrete burst?

Very often the concrete surface bursts in finished products (screeds, reinforced concrete lintels, reinforced concrete belts, etc.) when setting. This happens for several reasons and the most basic inaccurate formula for concrete is:

Much water

Theoretically, there is a strict formula for how much water needs to be poured to prepare concrete. If you pour too much water into concrete, it will delaminate, become airy (there will be a lot of air bubbles in the concrete) and lose some of its load-bearing capacity.

When you pour liquid concrete, cement laitance (binder) usually leaks out and it loses a little bearing capacity.

Most best concrete– very thick. Thanks to a vibrator or vibrating table, it is compacted, the pebbles in the concrete (crushed stone) fit as close to each other as possible. During the construction of nuclear power plants, water should never be added to imported concrete; this is strictly monitored.

Thick concrete

This kind of concrete is quite difficult to make and properly lay in “makeshift” conditions on a construction site.

We usually make concrete in a concrete mixer, neither thick nor liquid. When we place concrete into a product, we use a tamper or a vibrator or an ordinary stick.

To build a private house (compared to a nuclear power plant), there is no need to be too painstaking about concrete.

Even if here I write out the exact formula for adding the required amount of water to concrete, the first rain will wet the sand and this formula will no longer work correctly, since the sand is wet, the concrete will turn out to be too liquid. Sometimes they also bring wet crushed stone.

The exact formula for adding water to concrete is mainly used in production, where the materials are under cover and have relatively uniform humidity.

So: it is best to navigate by cement. That is, if you add one bucket of cement to the mixer, then there is slightly less water than a bucket. There's less to see after the rain. Ideally, the result should be slightly thick concrete.

If, for example, you make a reinforced concrete screed that is too liquid, it will definitely sink a few mm to the bottom and burst:

Why does a reinforced concrete screed burst?

This happens because the concrete delaminates - the heavy filler (crushed stone) goes to the bottom, and the lighter filler (sand) goes to the top. It turns out that there is too much sand on the surface of the screed, and sand screed without mesh and plasticizer it will definitely burst.

If there is too much water in concrete, then the surfaces of almost all reinforced concrete products will burst.

If, for example, after a few hours you find cracks on the surface of the concrete, then do not be too upset; as long as the concrete is fresh, you can smooth out the cracks with a trowel.

Not enough coarse filler (crushed stone)

The fact is that if you know the formula for the brand of concrete you need, you successfully pour the concrete, but after some time the quality of the concrete is not the same. For example, in one place the concrete surface is perfect and in another it is cracked.

This can happen if you first used large crushed stone, and then small ones!

Very often, cracks on the surface of concrete can appear if you were brought too small crushed stone (or with garbage). Then it is necessary to pour more crushed stone (fine) and less sand. For example, pour more crushed stone into one bucket, and one bucket less sand.

The concrete must be “hard,” that is, there must be as much mortar in the concrete as needed to envelop each crushed stone (pebble).

If there is little solution (cement and sand) in the concrete, then the crushed stone will not be completely enveloped and the concrete will be weak.

If there is too much mortar in the concrete, its surface will burst (tear). Visually, concrete should not be “greasy” from large quantity solution in it.

Therefore, even if you know the exact formula of concrete, you must ensure that the concrete contains the maximum amount of crushed stone and that it is “hard”.

Scorching sun rays.

It is not advisable for the scorching rays of the sun to fall on poured reinforced concrete products for a long time. If it is too hot and dry, the surface of the concrete may crack from drying too quickly. Concrete should set under normal conditions.

If you cannot avoid the scorching sun, then it is enough to simply water the concrete more often.

Poorly mixed concrete.

It is also important to completely mix the concrete mixture in a concrete mixer. To ensure that the concrete does not stick and is quickly mixed in the mixer, it is necessary to follow the order in which the materials are loaded into it.

First, pour water into the concrete mixer, but not completely, but slightly less than normal. Then we throw half the amount of crushed stone into the concrete mixer, then all the cement. Let's wait a little and throw in all the sand.

At the end we throw in the remaining half of the crushed stone. Wait a few seconds and, if necessary, add the rest of the water.

Due to the fact that we throw the cement after the crushed stone and water, it will not stick and mixes well with the crushed stone.

For clarity, let’s look again at the supply of materials to a concrete mixer for preparing a concrete mixture. To make concrete quickly and without it sticking in a concrete mixer you need to:

• Pour almost the entire amount of water into the concrete mixer (just add a little).
• We throw half the amount of crushed stone into a concrete mixer (a little more is possible).
• We fill in all the cement.
• We throw in all the sand.
• We fill in the remaining half of the crushed stone.
• If necessary, add the rest of the water a little at a time.

The sand is of poor quality.

If you use sand that contains too much clay, this will adversely affect the quality of the concrete.

Too much cement

If you put too much cement in the concrete mixture, it may break as the concrete sets.

Freezing

Oddly enough, no matter how high the grade of concrete, it is very afraid of frost (without special additives).

For example, they made a blind area around the house in late autumn. The weather is damp and cool. The concrete set slowly. Two weeks later there were frosts for a couple of nights.

On next year In the spring, the blind area began to peel off (peel off). The frozen blind area burst and upper layer(30 mm) peeled off.

Complete setting of concrete (almost 100%) under normal conditions occurs after 28 days. That is, if you poured a reinforced concrete slab, you can install it earlier, but it will only be able to bear the design load after 28 days.

In cold times (winter), concrete can be protected from freezing in several ways:

• Cover concrete products with foam plastic or other insulation.
• Add special additives (anti-freeze).
• Most effective remedy, so that concrete does not freeze - it is potash.

  Instructions for using potash should be on the packaging.

You can speed up the setting of concrete by heating it. To do this, we insert a braided tungsten filament into a concrete product (for example, a reinforced reinforced concrete belt) and connect it to a transformer.

Another way to warm up concrete is to insert electrodes into a concrete product (fresh concrete), for example a reinforced concrete floor, and connect the electrodes to a transformer or welding machine.

As long as the concrete has moisture, electricity and therefore heat will pass through it. The heated concrete will set, the moisture will disappear, and the transformer (welding machine) will stop working.

We choose the right materials for making concrete.

The water should theoretically be clean. It is not advisable to use it for preparing concrete. rainwater, fatty water, water containing oils (for example, an oil barrel for water).

Most the best option For the production of critical concrete (load-bearing lintels, reinforced concrete floors, etc.), use clean tap water.

For the manufacture of screeds and the like (non-responsible concrete) can be used and not entirely clean water for example: water from rivers, lakes, rain and the like.

Very often we use water from wells and wells to make concrete - good results.

Crushed stone

Most often for the production of concrete we use crushed stone - limestone, fraction 20 - 35. Limestone is not a bad material and is also the cheapest in our area.

To increase the strength of concrete, you can use stronger crushed stone, for example dolomite or granite. But as practice shows, granite is more often phonite (the background radiation is exceeded).

Types of crushed stone fraction:

Cement

Most often, we use grade 400 cement to prepare concrete. Almost all cement manufacturing plants produce cement of the same brand, but unfortunately the quality is different for everyone (as practice shows).

Detailed description some cement manufacturers, which cement is better and which one is not worth buying can be found here.

Most often we use Balakleyevsky cement M 400 marked ShPTs ӏӏ/B-Sh-400.

Sand

Theoretically, the best sand is quarry sand. Since the grains of sand are irregular in shape (rougher), the adhesion area of ​​the sand is correspondingly higher. River sand (sea sand) has a smoother grain shape than quarry sand.

A serious disadvantage of quarry sand is the presence of clay! For example, our quarry sand is mined by washing. That is, sand is washed out from the depths and supplied to the surface through a pipe (such as a dredge). In such alluvial sand, there are some layers of clay.

River sand is also not always ideal; there is clay.

Usually we remember that there is more clay in such and such a quarry, but it is cheaper, then we use it for backfilling or in non-critical concrete.

Or in another quarry there are a lot of small stones in the sand, but no clay, then we use it to prepare concrete. Since there are a lot of small stones in the sand, we do not order it for mortar (for brickwork) (or sow it through a sieve, if necessary).

Myths of concrete steaming

There is a myth that steamed concrete products (cinder block, euro fence, etc.) have increased strength.

Manufacturers of steamed concrete products tell developers that steaming makes their products stronger than their competitors and increases the price.

Unfortunately, steaming does not increase the strength of concrete (well, the maximum is 0.5%). The only and main task of steaming concrete products is to accelerate the setting of concrete.

You may ask, why then increase the cost of a durable camera?

Just for example:

• Release the form faster (remove the form).
• Do not increase the size of storage facilities (in which concrete products will mature).
• Sell ​​concrete products faster, and the like.

Steaming concrete products speeds up their setting by approximately two times. That is, for example concrete block under normal conditions, it takes 28 days to acquire almost 100% strength, then a steamed block will gain almost 100% in 15 days.

Summary: steamed concrete is practically no different from ordinary concrete that has matured under NORMAL CONDITIONS!

Normal conditions for concrete ripening are:

• So that the concrete does not dry out (from the scorching rays of the sun).
• To prevent concrete from freezing (without antifreeze additives).
• For concrete to mature at temperatures from +5 ˚С to + 25 ˚С

Technical characteristics of concrete.

A little about the weight of concrete. This information will be useful to you during the manufacture of concrete formwork. Concrete is heavy, so when making formwork for concrete, care must be taken to ensure that the formwork can support the weight of the concrete.

One m3 of concrete weighs from 0.5 to 2.5 tons, depending on the filler. The weight of any material is calculated thanks to its density. Concrete density ρ (rho) from 0.5 t/m3 to 2.5 t/m3. We multiply one m3 of concrete by density (rho) and get the weight of concrete.

1 m3 of ordinary concrete weighs about 2.2 tons.

If you are making ceiling formwork (for concrete), then it will be very easy for you to calculate how much kilogram of pressure per m2 of formwork. For example, you just need to multiply one by the thickness of the concrete and the density of the concrete (2.2 tons): 1 (m2) 0.2 m (thickness concrete ceiling) 2.2 t = 0.44 t (or 440 kg).

One m2 of formwork is pressed by 200 mm thick concrete weighing 440 kg.

Summary: as you can see, concrete weighs quite a lot, so when making formwork (for concrete), you should not skimp on materials, so as not to redo it later.

Composition of concrete for construction small house:

• Concrete of two grades: M 100 for grillage and M 200 for other reinforced concrete products.
• The composition of the concrete is not very thick, with maximum number crushed stones, from good cement and good fillers.
• Create normal conditions for the maturation of concrete (to make it durable and of high quality).
• Do not steam concrete (unless there is a need to accelerate the setting of concrete).
• When making formwork, first calculate the weight of the concrete product so that the formwork does not get crushed.

stroydocs.ru

Preparation of concrete for the foundation

• Concrete selection
• Preparing the mixture
• Quantity calculation

The foundation is the basis for any building. It must be strong enough to support the weight of the building. The foundation can be strip, pile, columnar or tiled.

Types of foundation: strip, columnar, monolithic, pile, slab, floating, screw.

Concrete in quality building material will be the most best choice.

This the base will do for any type of home, even if there is a basement. In order for the foundation of the house to be strong, it is necessary to choose the right concrete for the foundation.

Concrete selection

Concrete classification scheme by grade.

Everyone knows that concrete comes in different types. The strength of the entire building will depend on the type of mixture. The grade of concrete for the foundation of a house is what people pay attention to first. The most common brands:

• M 400 is the most durable concrete. It can be used for the construction of structures that will have to withstand enormous loads. These are, for example, bridges, hydraulic structures, industrial enterprises. This class of concrete contains plasticizers and granite;
• M350 – has slightly less strength than M400. Mainly used in residential construction multi-storey buildings;
• M250 - used for the construction of wooden houses, staircases, floors with light loads;
• M200 is the most universal brand. Strip foundations are most often made from such concrete.

To choose concrete for the foundation, you also need to pay attention to the soil. If the soil is highly resistant to moisture (sandy or granite), then grade W-2 is quite suitable. The problem arises if the house is built on clay soil. Clay freezes in winter and increases significantly in volume. If the concrete is laid shallow under the foundation, it may rise slightly. Moreover, it will rise unevenly, depending on how much water is saturated clayey areas land. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to lay concrete on the foundation as deep as possible so that its level is below the freezing level of the clay. In this case ready-mixed concrete for home you need to take a higher brand.

http://youtu.be/VZLZd7yKa2A

Another important factor influencing the choice of concrete grade will be the type of foundation itself. In this case, the choice depends on the availability in the house basement. Commercial grade concrete for a home with a basement must be waterproof. You may even have to organize additional external insulation from moisture. There are several options for getting out of this situation:

• you can buy any suitable concrete, which does not necessarily have waterproofing properties. And make external insulation using roll or coating products. This is a relatively cheap option;
• you can take the middle class of concrete, mixing it with additional impregnation. This is a rather dangerous option. Only professionals should do this kind of work. No one can say for sure what the result will be in this case. Perhaps the foundation will be strong, or, for example, a wall collapse may occur;
• The third way is to simply use high-quality grades of concrete for foundations that have waterproof properties. This class of concrete sets easily and quickly and is laid well. You will have to spend money on building material, but there should be no problems;
• The fourth method is the use of special waterproofing concrete compositions with various additives that increase protection against moisture.

Read also: The influence of liquid glass on the properties of cement mortar

If you have to lay the foundation in sufficiently aggressive environment, that is, where the soil contains a huge amount of salts and other chemical substances, then you need to pay attention to sulfate-resistant concrete. Finding this class of building material will be difficult, since stores mainly sell only ordinary ones. If possible, you can make a special order at the factory. Sulfate-resistant concrete for foundations is produced in very limited quantities. Often you have to cope on your own and add additional additives to the mixture.

Preparing the mixture

Proportions of cement consumption for brick laying.

The required brand of concrete can be purchased at any hardware store. After selecting the foundation mixture of the desired brand, you can begin making the solution. This can be done without professional help. If you follow the instructions exactly, the foundation will be strong and the house will stand on it for centuries.

To work you will need:

• concrete mixer;
• sand;
• gravel;
• crushed stone;
• sifter

River sand is good for a concrete foundation, but don’t be upset if you can’t get it anywhere. Sand and crushed stone can be different. Even quarry sand will do. The main thing is that it is clean and free of clay impurities. First of all, the sand needs to be sifted through a special sieve so that it becomes fine and without any kind of stones. Very often crushed stone is mixed with soil. Since the earth includes organic matter, then it should also not get into ready-mixed concrete. Therefore, before use, the crushed stone must be rinsed thoroughly under a hose.

The concrete under the foundation will mainly consist of cement. There should be approximately three times less other additives in the solution. After the components are correctly distributed, the dry mixture is placed in a concrete mixer and rotated there several times. This is necessary so that the mixture becomes more homogeneous. And only after that you can add clean water. Water should make up about 20% of the total concrete solution, then it will have the correct average viscosity. If you pour too much water, the filler will rise to the top and the consistency of the solution will be disrupted. This class of mortar is not suitable; it will quickly begin to develop cracks. The strength of the foundation will be greatly reduced. You should be aware that you cannot use sea ​​water, it must be clean. Even factories use drinking water.

Read also: Auger for transporting cement

Quantity calculation

Scheme for calculating the amount of concrete for a strip foundation.

The finished solution quickly sets and cannot be reused. If too much solution is prepared, then you will simply have to throw away the excess. It turns out that your money will be thrown away along with it. To avoid such a nuisance, it is necessary to accurately calculate the required amount of mortar for the foundation. First you need to find out what kind of shrinkage the brand you are using has. How more shrinkage, the more concrete you will need. For the foundation of a parallelepiped-shaped house, calculating the required amount of mortar is not so difficult. There is even a special calculation formula. First, the length is multiplied by the width and height, and then the resulting figure is multiplied by the shrinkage coefficient. We divide what we get by 1.05 (this is the volume that will be occupied additional elements, for example, fittings). To calculate a foundation of a different shape, you will have to remember the geometry.

http://youtu.be/LcUf9TT4QNg

There is one more interesting fact: when mixing different grades of concrete for the foundation, you can get the required solution of a completely different class. The finished solution must be used in two hours before it hardens. That's all you need to know about concrete foundations in order for the construction to be successful.

Page 2

• Reinforcement
• Manufacturing
• Tools
• Installation
• Calculation
• Repair

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Brands of concrete: how to choose the right brand of concrete

Anyone, even those far from construction, knows that the construction concept of concrete, and the adjective concrete, is associated with something very durable.

This is not surprising; perhaps there is no construction work in which concrete is not used. The foundations of houses are poured from concrete, and monolithic frames of buildings are made. Concrete is used to construct floor subfloors, pour floors in garages and factories, and make subfloors indoors from concrete. Special grades of concrete are used to pour concrete pools and build runways at airports. Concrete is the main material for the production of construction and road slabs, foundation blocks. In general, concrete is everywhere in construction. So what is concrete?

What is concrete

Concrete is a mixture of four constituent materials: cement, sand, crushed stone and water. The components of concrete are mixed in special proportions, forming a thick construction mixture, which, after hardening, forms a durable, monolithic product. Due to its fluidity when mixed, concrete can be given any shape using the so-called formwork.

The proportions of cement, sand, crushed stone, water in the concrete solution are strictly calculated, but are not constant values. Depending on the proportions of its components, concrete is divided into concrete grades. The main difference in concrete grades is the strength of the resulting concrete product and, as a result, the different areas of its application.

Concrete grades and cement grades

Often, the grades of concrete are confused with the grade of cement used. This is partly true, but not entirely correct. Let me give you an example, on M300 concrete. For concrete M300 possible following proportions components:

• cement M400 - 1 kg, 1.9 kg of sand, 3.7 kg of crushed stone.
• Or cement M500 - 1 kg, 2.4 sand, 4.3 crushed stone.

As you can see, different brands of cement are used for one brand of concrete.

Concrete grades and concrete class

There is such a thing as ready-mixed concrete. Ready-mixed concrete is concrete manufactured in a factory and ready for delivery to the site by special machines. The second name for ready-mixed concrete is BSG - ready-mix concrete.

According to the standards, ready-mixed concrete is designated by the grade of concrete and the class of concrete. For example, concrete grade M300, class B22.5. The grade of concrete indicates the technology of its production, and the class of concrete shows it quality characteristics. Typically, the class of concrete is tied to its grade and concrete is designated by the grade of concrete with additional indication in brackets concrete class. For example, concrete grade M150 and concrete class B12.5 are the same product, which is labeled as ready-mixed concrete M150 (B12.5).

Let's see how concrete differs various brands.

Ready-mixed concrete grades

In listing the grades of concrete, we will go from “hard to soft”, that is, from hard grades of concrete to “softer” ones, it is correct to say lightweight concrete.

Concrete M550, class B45 is the most durable ready-mixed concrete. The proportions of cement in concrete grade M550 are maximum. Used in production processes in the manufacture of special reinforced concrete products and in the construction of hydraulic structures.

Concrete M500, class B40, similar to concrete M550. Its purpose is also for buildings and products that are constantly in contact with water. Concrete grades M500 and M550 are extremely expensive.

Concrete grades M400, class B35 and M450, class B30, also belong to high-strength concrete, and are used in civil construction of structures close to water (waterworks, metro), as well as premises for reinforced concrete products special purpose and bank vaults.

Concrete grade M350, class B25. This concrete is used to construct the foundations of multi-story buildings. This concrete is the main one in the production of reinforced concrete products, monolithic construction, production of road slabs and hollow slabs. M350 concrete is indispensable for pouring concrete pools, load-bearing columns, and runways. In private construction, the use of M350 concrete is not rational.

Concrete grade M300, class B22.5. Popular ready-mixed concrete for the construction of strip, pile and other monolithic foundations, popular in private construction.

Concretes M200, class B15 and M250, class B20 are similar concretes in characteristics and applications. The foundations of low-rise buildings are made from such concrete. small stairs. This concrete is used to construct paths and blind areas around the house. It is quite reasonable to use concrete M200 or M250 for flooring in the garage.

Concrete grade M150, class B12.5, is called lightweight concrete. Concrete of this brand is most common in private construction and rough finishing of premises. It is used to install subfloors in the house, fill walking paths, and level floors with screeds.

Concrete grade M100, class B7.5. Lightweight concrete used in preparatory work before reinforcement and in the construction of foundations.

Concrete grades M50 and M75. More often called cement mortars. Used in laying bricks and wall blocks, plastering works. It is distinguished by the absence of crushed stone and a large amount of cement and sand in the composition. In the everyday life of builders, such a solution is rarely called concrete. A more correct name is cement mortar or sand mixture.

About concrete hardening

When working with all types of concrete, we remember the following:

The technological strength of concrete is achieved within 28-30 days from the moment it is poured;

Strength of 60% is achieved after 7-8 days;

Durability sufficient for walking comes after three days.

The maximum strength of high grade concrete is achieved after 6 months. That is why it is better to build private houses a season after pouring the foundation.

It is important to ensure uniform, natural drying of the concrete, and at elevated temperatures it is necessary to pour (wet) the drying concrete for a week and cover the concrete with polyethylene for the entire time it gains strength.

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High-tech concretes in Russia

We (Volodin and Abramov) Hack the recipes of any foreign concrete technologies. > > > > > Technology No. 01 Self-compacting concrete

(consistency of honey)

We can produce real self-compacting concrete SF3 according to EN 206-1 (and not the garbage that is made and passed off in Russia as self-compacting concrete).

01. Glossy concrete

02. Pouring densely reinforced structures

03. Injection (injection through a tube)

04. Construction of high-rise buildings (from 40 floors)

The development time for such concrete is 1 week.

Here's our video of (real!) self-compacting concrete:

> > > > > Technology No. 02 Perpetual cement slurries (for the oil industry) “heroin” for the oil industry Do you produce oil? A lot of oil? Did you know that the markup on dry tampon mixture is from 400% (almost like heroin)? Moreover, most mixtures have the strength of home plaster. This is one of the most conservative areas of concrete science. Oil workers are not experts in concrete. This is used by enterprising guys all over the world.

Do you want us to “hack” the formulation of Western cement slurries? (only samples of these mixtures from you)

Development time (or "hacking" western technology): up to 6 months

Why are we the best in concrete technology?

Volodin Vladimir Mikhailovich (technical director)

01. Brought the grade of concrete to the incredible M2500

(having obtained the strongest mass-produced concrete in Europe)

02. Participated in exposing concrete in the Moscow City high-rises

03. Developed high-strength concrete for the Vostochny Cosmodrome

04. Wrote a dissertation on high-strength concrete

06. Winner of international competitions in concrete science (list)

08. Inventor (patent holder)

Abramov Dmitry Alexandrovich (director)

01. Introduced the technology at more than ten large factories in the CIS

02. Found a site with a raw material base for the production of the cheapest high-strength concrete (in Europe)

03. Inventor

Why is it easy with us?

01. We get results in ANY region

02. We DO NOT sell anything

03. You DO NOT have to buy equipment

04. Concrete only from your LOCAL components

05. Someone will do better? We will pay you ourselves!

Need more information?

Come for a visit! We are located at a HUGE concrete plant Address: Russia, Tolyatti, Nikonova 52 International. Airport: KUF (Kurumoch) (40 min drive to us) Railway station: Zhigulevskoe Sea (6 min drive to us)

The brand and class of concrete determine its strength characteristics and are the main indicator of quality when choosing a ready-made solution or proportions for mixing it yourself. The remaining criteria - frost resistance, water resistance and mobility are considered secondary. These values ​​​​are regulated, in project documentation The required strength class must be indicated; it is different for each design. But in private construction, sometimes it becomes necessary to select mortar parameters without the help of professionals; it is important to understand general principle current classification.

The relationship between brand, class and other characteristics of concrete

Concrete class	Matching Brand	Average strength, kg/cm2	Mobility	Frost resistance-bone	Waterproofness
B7.5	M100	98	P2-P4	F50	W2
AT 10	M150	131
B12.5	M150	164
B15	M200	196		F100	W4
IN 20	M250	262
B22.5	M300	295		F200	W6
B25	M350	327			W8
B30	M400	393		F300	W10
B35	M450	458	P2-P5	F200-F300	W8-W14
B40	M550	524			W10-W16
B45	M600	589		F100-F300	W12-W18

This table additionally indicates such important indicators as:

1. Frost resistance: indicated by the letter “F” and characterizes the number of cycles of freezing and thawing of concrete. It has important when choosing a brand for pouring a foundation in flooded areas or under conditions of constant soil freezing. The higher this indicator, the better.

2. Water resistance (from W2 to W20) - reflects the bond strength of the concrete structure and resistance to moisture penetration inside. The higher this characteristic, the fewer microcracks in the material and the lower the risk of destruction of building structures during freezing.

3. Workability or mobility grade of concrete (indicated by the letter “P” and indexed from 1 to 5). A temporary indicator reflecting the ability of a solution to uniformly fill and distribute the proposed form under the influence of its own weight (without additional vibration). Compositions with high mobility (P4) are used when filling hard-to-reach areas; in standard cases it is convenient to work with P2 and P3.

There is a clear connection between the quality of the binder, the selected proportions and grade of concrete and, as a result, its strength. The remaining characteristics can be controlled and changed by introducing antifreeze additives or using hydrophobic cement, but only taking into account permissible limits and the inevitable increase in price. Standard ratios are shown in the table:

Concrete strength grade	Number of parts in proportion, subject to the use of Portland cement M400				Same for M500
	cement	crushed stone	sand	water	cement	crushed stone	sand	water
M100	1	4,6	7	0,5	1	5,8	8,1	0,5
M150		3,5	5,7			4,5	6,6
M200		2,8	4,8			3,5	5,6
M250		2,1	3,9			2,6	4,5
M300		1,9	3,7			2,4	4,3
		1,5	3,1			1,9	3,8
M400		1,2	2,7			1,6	3.2
M450		1,1	2,5			1,4	2,9
M500		1	2			1,2	2,5

In addition to application specified proportions To obtain concrete with the required strength grade, attention is paid to the quality and preparation of components. The introduction of unsifted sand with impurities, stale cement or dirty crushed stone worsens the structure of the material and negatively affects the process of strength gain. Despite the increase in the mobility of concrete when diluted with water, it is strictly not recommended to violate the proportion indicated for it. The same applies to ready-to-purchase solutions.

Area of ​​use

The scope of application of various brands is determined by the operating conditions and the loads experienced; in particular, one of the following options is selected:

1. M75 – “lean” solution for filling drainage layers.

2. M100 – used in road construction(curbs) and when preparing the base of a building for pouring the main structures. Not suitable for concreting critical and loaded areas.

3. M150 – brand of lightweight concrete for auxiliary purposes. Applications include floor screeding, gardening and pedestrian paths, curbs, foundations for light buildings, pouring monolithic slabs.

4. M200 is a strengthened concrete grade, optimally suited for retaining walls, floor screeds, foundation structures, blind areas, garden areas and paths.

5. M250 - a heavy variety, in demand in private construction. Used when pouring foundations, flights of stairs, bases for fences and outbuildings, tiled floors with low loads. It is allowed to use M250 concrete in industry, but exclusively for low-rise buildings.

6. M300 – for pouring foundations of any complexity, including slabs, flights of stairs and landings.

7. M350 – the initial grade for the foundations of multi-storey buildings. This concrete is characterized by high strength and water resistance and is suitable for both hollow-core slabs and beams, as well as concreting monolithic structures. It is from this that bowls of public swimming pools, airfield roads, columns, supports, grillages and other loaded concrete products are poured.

8. M400 – super-heavy quick-setting grade. Due to the high cost, it is practically not used in individual construction, exceptions are private houses with basements in areas with risks of groundwater flooding. The main scope of application is hydraulic structures, bank vaults and other reinforced concrete facilities with increased requirements for concrete strength and building safety.

9. M450 - another professional brand with a high setting speed. Selected for regulated objects: dams and dams, bridges, metro tunnels.

10. M500 – a grade of concrete with a high cement content, exclusively for hydraulic structures and specialized products.

There is a clear relationship between the quality, performance indicators and cost of solutions; in private construction, the use of concrete above M400 is not economically feasible. The main operating range includes M100-M450 and V7.5-V35, respectively. Checking the characteristics of the concrete mixture specified by the manufacturer (the recommended stage for the construction of critical objects) at home is impossible. To conduct a laboratory examination, a 15x15 cm cube is poured, the final results will be known only in a month (28 days are allotted for hardening and achieving the design strength).

In addition to choosing the right brand to get reliable building structure It is important to organize appropriate hardening conditions: concrete needs care for at least 15-20 days after pouring. The surface is protected from direct rays, moistened and covered with plastic films.

You should remember the main rule of cement hydration - when sub-zero temperatures this process stops, which leads to a decrease in the final strength and frost resistance. If there is a sudden cold snap or it is necessary to carry out work in winter, the concrete is covered with a film or heated.