Nowadays, a person who has asked himself the question of opening his own production has not just to find an idea for its further implementation.

To implement the plan, it is necessary to analyze market supply and demand, assess competitive forces, calculate capital investments, risks, development prospects and profits.

Manufacturing is always profitable

Against the background of falling incomes of large and small firms, whose activities are related to stock markets and trade, the attractiveness of production is growing.

Dealing with it is clearly becoming more profitable than "buy and sell" in any form.

Small and medium-sized businesses are becoming especially attractive, the opening of which does not require heavy investment, but promises a good profit.

The stereotype “without start-up capital to start successful business impossible, ”continues to dominate many aspiring entrepreneurs.

In fact, given good prospects and competent management, the opening of your own production is not an easy, but a real goal.

Each person is able to achieve success by opening his own production and implementing his favorite business idea.

If you are only 100% sure that:

• He will produce the chosen product with absolute knowledge of the matter and with great pleasure.
• The new manufacturer will be able to offer consumers a product not in a single name, but in the form of an assortment line.

Business ideas from scratch

If you are going to start your own business without investment, then, of course, it makes sense to give preference to a small production workshop.

If we talk about starting production from scratch, 10 options seem to be the most attractive.

1. Semi-finished products. Frozen dumplings, cutlets, dumplings, dumplings, pancakes - all this is bought with pleasure by consumers who do not have time to stand at the stove. Therefore, with a good price - quality ratio of this type of product, good sales are guaranteed.
2. Muesli bars. Delicious and healthy food with a variety of fillings (here's a rich assortment for you). The cost of raw materials and equipment will amount to about 300 thousand rubles, and it is possible to recoup them with successful sales in six months.
3. Mini bakery. Also does not require special costs however, this business has a drawback: in your area or city, the market may already be occupied by freshly baked bakery products. If so, you can bake especially tasty pies or produce sheet dough, surpass competitors in quality, assortment and uniqueness.
4. Handmade soap. You can definitely start manufacturing at home, and over time, when profit appears, you can purchase equipment and rent a room, spending about 500 thousand rubles.
5. Custom-made furniture. Demand original wardrobes, tables and chairs by individual sizes- considerable. The ability to make them according to the author's sketches, which can come with experience, is a good way to prosperity.
6. Nails. To get started, you can purchase a used wire nail machine, or new model old model. Such offers can be found on sale and their cost will be about 100 thousand rubles. Raw materials are also not expensive, and there will always be buyers for construction goods.
7. Cinder blocks and other building materials. Many kinds building materials, you can do it without investment - at home, having equipped a garage or a shed for this purpose. They build a lot in Russia - the goods will not stale.
8. Paving slabs. The thing is just as necessary and in demand. Equipment for its manufacture by vibration casting will cost 200 thousand rubles.
9. Concrete gravestones. Sadly, the demand for given view goods - there is always and will be. Investment in equipment is approximately up to 70 thousand rubles. The technology is not too difficult to master.
10. Mini typography. Equipment is required designed for small batches of printing products, which means it is inexpensive. And many firms and institutions need such products - there are chances to occupy their own niche.

And in this topic, we will consider business options without investment. You will learn where to get ideas from and which area to choose.

New ideas

Many aspiring businessmen are attracted by the search for a completely new and unique idea, which would occupy a vacant niche in the market.

Their logic "less competitors - more profit" is easy to understand. New ideas for our own production are constantly appearing.

Which of the new products attracts attention today?

Lego bricks – newest word in the production of building materials. Of these, a non-professional builder can erect the walls of a house with his own hands, like children build houses from blocks of a constructor.

This type of building material is produced from sand or crushed stone screenings, by vibropressing.

All you need is a vibrating press, which allows you to make bricks that comply with GOST, and small room with suitable wiring. You can get a quick and considerable profit.

Glowing balloons. A wonderful decoration for all kinds of holidays - weddings, corporate events, school evenings, the opening of new restaurants and nightclubs, and many others. Manufacturing can be started manually, without significant costs. This production is quite profitable and quickly pays for itself.

Heating gloves. The heater runs on batteries or rechargeable batteries, reacts to warm hands - if they are already warm, it turns off. The heating equipment, which has worked out its resource, can be removed, and the gloves will still serve the buyer. The disadvantage of this production is that the necessary equipment is not easy to purchase, it costs a lot, and the profit from such an enterprise is only seasonal.

Stages of organizing our own production

1. Business plan. A mandatory guide for a novice manufacturer that briefly and accurately describes the proposed project - the production and sale of goods, start-up capital (no matter how small) and its sources, planned revenues, expenses, forecasts, risks, etc. Note that it is unreasonable to neglect business planning, because if you "steer your business blindly, you will not go far."
2. Registration of a business entity. If necessary - also getting a row permits, passing all the checks and certifications provided by the law.
3. Search and rent of premises. Omitted if the decision is made to start with home-made products.
4. Purchase and installation of equipment. In some cases, this is followed by technological preparation production.
5. Hiring staff. Not required if you decide to do everything on your own and really manage without subordinates.
6. Supply of production with raw materials and everything else necessary for uninterrupted production.

Depending on the chosen business, there may be more stages of organizing production.

It should also be borne in mind that everything goes smoothly on paper, but in reality, production, even for a small business, is a complex process that requires the ability to quickly and efficiently resolve many issues, sometimes completely unexpected.

However, a person who truly loves his job is or becomes a knowledgeable specialist who can handle everything.

In this article:

Concrete is one of the most demanded building materials used in repair and construction work. This material is used by everyone - from small private farms to large industrial enterprises... The demand for concrete is constant, and peaks during the favorable period for construction - from May to October. Therefore, opening a mini-plant for the production of this material is a profitable business that will bring regular income.

About registration of a concrete production enterprise

1. To open a plant, it is necessary to register a legal entity (LLC). This form of incorporation should be chosen because it is safer and provides more possibilities for running this business.

In case of failure, the founders of the LLC risk only the authorized capital.

Before starting production activities, you must also choose one of the taxation systems: OSNO ( general system taxation) or STS (simplified taxation system).

If the income from the commissioning of a concrete plant will not exceed 60 million rubles, then it is preferable to choose the simplified tax system, since this system exempts from paying income tax, VAT, property tax.

Otherwise, choose OSNO. With this system of taxation, it is necessary to keep the account in full. accounting and paying all general taxes.

2. In the process of registration of organizational and legal documents, you will need to indicate the following OKVED code: 26.63 - "Production of ready-mixed concrete".

3. For organization technological process you need to familiarize yourself with the rules:

• GOST 26633-91 - “Heavy and fine-grained concrete. THAT";
• GOST 27006-86 - “Concrete. Squad selection rules ";
• GOST 10060.0-95 - "Methods for determining frost resistance";
• GOST 10181-2000 - "Concrete mixtures - test methods";
• GOST 18105 - 86 - "Concrete - strength control rules".

Concrete production technology

Used in construction in accordance with regulatory document - GOST 25192 concrete is classified by brands, classes and characteristics. In this business plan, we will only consider the important and useful information required for the production of concrete mix.

Raw materials

To prepare a classic solution, the following raw materials are needed:

1. Cement is a binder that is the basis of a concrete mixture. It is a gray powder that crystallizes and hardens when moistened.
2. Construction sand. According to GOST 8736-93 sand is bulk material, the size of grains of sand of which should not exceed 0.5 mm.
3. Crushed stone is a mineral with grains of more than 5 mm, produced by crushing gravel, rocks or slag.
4. Ballast is a mixture of gravel and sand. A mixture with a ratio of 1: 3 (one part river sand three fine gravel crumbs). This composition is sometimes referred to as "General Blend".
5. Water. For the manufacture of concrete mix, only clean water without foreign inclusions is used. There are no clearly established norms for water consumption, since its costs are determined by the moisture content of other raw materials.

Concrete production includes the following stages:

1. Preparation of raw materials

Usually, operations for the preparation of raw materials - removing contaminants, crushing aggregates, are carried out at the enterprises that supply them for sale. At a concrete production plant, only special measures (preparation of chemical additives, cement grinding, heating of aggregates) are carried out when necessary. Since the performance of these operations entails additional payment costs utilities and the purchase of special equipment. These operations include: the production of solutions of chemical additives, cement grinding, heating of aggregates in the cold season.

Let's take a closer look at each of the activities:

• preparation of chemical additives - the process of dissolution in clean water additives with the subsequent installation of a certain concentration of the solution. To perform this procedure, containers with a pipeline system are used, which are created for mixing solutions of chemical additives using compressed air.
• cement grinding can be done wet or dry. Thanks to this operation, you can accelerate the hardening process of the final material - concrete. However, the activation (grinding) of cement is not always carried out, as it requires additional costs energy and availability of special equipment.
• heating of the aggregates is carried out in special bins or in covered warehouses.

The stage of heating the aggregates can be carried out in one of two ways:

1. Passing hot air, steam or gas through the aggregate. This method is more economical, but for its implementation it is necessary to take measures aimed at reducing steam losses;
2. Contact heating with combs and steam pipes, which are placed in bunkers.

2. Dosing of the mixture

Dosage- measuring the consumption of raw materials for mixing concrete mixture.

Usually, factories use weighing batchers, thanks to which it is possible to measure the consumption of cement and water with a minimum error. If the production of concrete is carried out in the field, then volumetric batchers are used for metering. During this operation, the moisture content of the constituent components, especially the sand, must be taken into account.

3. Stirring

Cement and aggregates are thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Depending on the characteristics and type of concrete mix, use different methods mixing. If in concrete mix includes coarse-grained mobile mixtures with aggregate from hard and dense rocks, it is advisable to use gravity concrete mixing plants.

In such equipment, mixing is carried out as a result of repeated dropping and lifting of materials from a given height during the rotation of the mixer drum.

Mixing of lightweight concrete and fine-grained mixtures is carried out in forced-action concrete mixing equipment. In this equipment, a homogeneous mass is obtained by mixing materials using paddles and other devices. Vibro-mixing is sometimes performed in factories. This method ensures the activation of the cement, which has a positive effect on the strength of the concrete.

The quality of this process directly depends on the duration. Insufficient duration of this operation can lead to deterioration of the properties of the concrete mixture.

Equipment for a concrete mini-plant

Typically, stationary and mobile mini-concrete factories use automated lines. Such lines include the following equipment:

1. Silo for cement. 40 m 3, 60 tons. Price - 477,900 rubles.
2. Aggregate batcher (facing concrete - fig. 5). Price - 260,000 rubles.
3. Mixer for facing concrete (fig. 6). Price - 43,300 rubles.
4. Mixer for base concrete (fig. 7). Price - 46 540 rubles.
5. Auger (fig. 8). Price - 135,000 rubles.
6. Aggregate batcher (base concrete) (fig. 9). Price - 320,000 rubles.
7. Belt conveyor (fig. 10). Productivity - 50 m 3 per hour. The diameter can be 200, 400, 500 mm. Price - 90,000 rubles.
8. Reducer. The price is 100,000 rubles.
9. Lift. Price - 50,000 rubles.
10. Reverse exit conveyor. The price is 95,000 rubles.
11. Rail loader. Price - 80,000 rubles.
12. Apron conveyor. Price - 50,000 rubles.
13. Cement and water dispensers. Price - 150,000 rubles.
14. Control panel cab (fig. 11). The price is 100,000 rubles.

The total cost of the equipment is 1,997,740 rubles.

Business plan for a concrete plant

A plant for the production of building materials should include the following divisions:

1. Cement warehouse;
2. Aggregate warehouse;
3. Boiler room;
4. Administrative and household plant;
5. Support service unit.

Premises for these units will be built. It is planned that the enterprise will manufacture the following products:

1. Heavy concrete (M 250) - annual production - 360,000 m 3;
2. Heavy concrete (M 350) - annual production - 640,000 m 3.

Total - 1,000,000 m 3.

Capital expenditures

Construction and installation costs (construction and installation work) - 280 786 000 rubles;

Equipment costs - 1,997,740 rubles;

Other costs - 20,315,500 rubles;

Total: 303,099,240 rubles.

Raw material and material costs

The need for raw materials and materials is established based on the consumption rates of these components per unit of production or annual production.

For the production of the annual volume of concrete M 250, the following raw material costs are required:

1. For the production of the annual volume of concrete M-250:

• cement - 13,860,000 tons;
• crushed stone - 28800 m 3;
• sand - 16500 m 3.

2. For the production of the annual volume of concrete M-350:

• cement - 26,880,000 tons;
• crushed stone - 48,000 m 3;
• sand - 28 800 m 3.

Let's calculate the cost of purchasing raw materials:

1. For the production of concrete M-250:

• for cement: 138,600 tons * 2800 rubles = 388,080,000 rubles.
• for crushed stone: 28,800 m 3 * 900 rubles = 25,920,000 rubles.
• for sand: 16,500 m3 * 500 rubles = 8,250,000 rubles.

2. For the production of concrete M-350:

• for cement: 26,880 tons * 3,000 rubles = 80,640,000 rubles.
• for crushed stone: 48,000 m 3 * 700 rubles = 33,600,000 rubles.
• for sand: 28,800 m 3 * 600 rubles = 17,280,000 rubles.

Total: 553,770,000 rubles.

Payroll costs

To start a concrete plant, the following personnel are required:

• administrative and managerial staff - 5 people;
• for a concrete mixing shop - 9 workers;
• to the cement warehouse - 12 workers;
• to the aggregates warehouse - 9 workers;
• for the block of auxiliary services - 10 workers;
• drivers - 4 workers;

Total for the plant - 49 workers.

Annual fund wages includes the following items of expenditure:

• salary of administrative and managerial personnel - 4,800,000 rubles;
• salary of workers of the concrete mixing shop - 4,320,000 rubles;
• salary of workers at the cement warehouse - 4,320,000 rubles;
• salary of workers at the aggregate warehouse - 3,240,000 rubles;
• salary of workers for the block of auxiliary services - 2,400,000 rubles;
• salary for drivers - 960,000 rubles.

Total: 20,040,000 rubles.

Other costs

Indirect costs (per year) - 250,000 rubles per year.

Equipment maintenance and operation costs (per year) - 186,679,000 rubles;

Workshop costs (per year) - 800,000,000 rubles.

General plant costs - 825,000,000 rubles.

Total costs (per year) - 2 385 836 500 rubles per year.

Revenue

Annual revenue (concrete sales):

• heavy concrete (M-250) - 360,000 m 3 * 3,900 rubles = 1,404,000,000 rubles.
• heavy concrete (M-350) - 640,000 m 3 * 4,100 rubles = 2,624,000,000 rubles.

Total: 4,028,000,000 rubles.

Annual proceeds without VAT - 3,302,960,000 rubles.

Calculation of technical and economic indicators:

Net profit - 917 123 500 rubles.

Production profitability - 38%.

The payback period is 303 099 240/917 123 500 = 0.33 years or about 4 months.

conclusions

Having made the calculations, we have established that the payback period of the plant will be 4 months. This indicator shows that the sale of concrete is a profitable business and building material is in demand on the market.

In order to ensure uninterrupted production of specific products in the near future, you need to decide on the specialization of your enterprise right now.

This contributes to a sharp reduction in start-up investments, and also allows you to focus on the development and improvement of the technological process. Prepare to be licensed for your business.

Next, you need to correctly assess all the risks and the subsequent payback of your company. Therefore, in which take into account all possible costs, losses and risks. Do this before starting your own production.

Do not forget reflect the estimated turnover of your products. If you seriously work on a business plan, then your company will function successfully based on the drawn up marketing plan.

The next step is to register with the tax office as legal entity or an individual entrepreneur.

If if you are planning to create a fully functional enterprise, then the first option will do much better than the second.

Unfortunately, not a single active specialist will be able to answer in advance your question about how much money you need to spend to open a profitable business. You will be able to calculate all future expenses yourself.

As you already understood, in order to become a businessman, you must have start-up capital. Financial investments directly depend on production volumes.

If you do not have the estimated amount of money that you want to invest, then we recommend going to the bank to use the lending service.

If you do not have a bad credit history, but you have all the necessary documents to complete the contract, then you will definitely receive the requested amount of money.

On preparatory stage worth considering where your business will be located. You will need production room, a warehouse for storing finished products and a special one.

Once you decide whole line of the above questions, proceed to the search for qualified employees. In the production business, people will be needed completely of different ages and specialties.

This way you can issue different kinds products and increase your monthly income. You will need a working staff, but if you still want to deal with the delivery of manufactured products, then an experienced driver will also come in handy.

Your business needs to grow, which means that you can't do without a marketing strategy either. You need to try to make decisions quickly, because customer demand for your products can skyrocket and then fall.

A strategy is needed for a qualitative acceleration of the return on investment and a gradual increase in productivity.

Prepare for the significant start-up costs that can dramatically increase the payback period of your business. Sometimes you have to wait months or years to get a net profit. First stage production activity involves a competent distribution of the income received in order to establish reporting.

Consider making implement in automated control... Ultimately, you can try to reduce monetary losses and minimize the human factor. This advice should be used if staff turnover is recorded or there are no worthy candidates for work in your company.

Now you know how, and keep it up to date. Make quality products, win the trust of many customers and strive to expand your range of functions.

roll up

It will take a lot of effort to start from scratch. This is a time consuming and costly process. It is recommended to calculate in advance important details business project.

Search for an activity

An approximate list of types of profitable business:

• Production of building materials from scratch. You can open a small factory for the production of bricks, concrete, steel, plastic, metal-plastic. You can create sculptures from a variety of materials.
• Food production. Available, a mill, a wine-vodka or meat factory, a factory for the creation of semi-finished products, a farm, to make cottage cheese or dumplings.
• Creation of household items. Realistically open production plastic windows, doors, grilles, furniture, various accessories, dishes.
• Service industry: taxi, dry cleaning, workshops, hairdressing salons. Business in the field of activity from scratch is relevant for those who do not have enough finance for the initial investment. It is worth starting a production in a familiar field of activity.

Business preparation

To form own business from scratch it is necessary to go through certain stages, involving the solution of the following organizational issues:

• Idea formation. Dream alone is not enough, an entrepreneur must have special skills in the chosen industry.... It is not always worth being original and creating something new, the business may not take root. It is wiser to borrow a certain promoted idea, adding it to a little personal or completely copying the idea.
• Thinking and creating a business plan is a fundamental moment, with the study of technical and financial details of production from scratch.
• Choice of premises. To open a business, depending on the type of production, you will have to take into account compliance sanitary standards and GOST. If necessary, it is worth deciding on the area of ​​the premises and warehouses.
• Registration required documents from scratch. It is worth knowing in advance about the documentation for your own business, various licenses and certificates. A ready-made package of documents will speed up the creation of production. The entrepreneur should study the laws related to the business in advance. We must not forget about the timely payment of taxes, in order to avoid problems with the tax office, which will make it easy to open a business.
• Search for qualified employees. To start a profitable business, you need to have good staff. In certain types of businesses, workers will need health records.
• Selection of suppliers. You need to advertise your company, have quality products to get an impeccable customer base for the sale of goods.
• Business advertising and customer search from scratch. Without understanding advertising techniques, you should contact specialists, in particular, people involved in SMM services. Professionals will help with communication tools and production promotion in social networks... The best tactic in working with clients and building your own base is to give more than expected, then the clients will become permanent.

Is it worth starting your own business?

Before you open profitable business from scratch, a future entrepreneur needs to ask himself questions that give general idea about their own abilities. Not every beginner is mentally prepared to implement a business idea. Below are the inner beliefs of a successful businessman:

• Awareness of the possible unprofitableness of a business idea from scratch and the probable lack of profit.
• In the absence of entrepreneurial acumen and money, you cannot start a profitable business.
• A case cannot be studied in a month.
• Starting a business with a friend isn't always a good idea.

The main examples of thoughts of "would-be businessmen":

• Business is easy. We must immediately go headlong into production and defend the original positions.
• Reputation is acquired and there is no point in worrying.
• Tired of stupid bosses - I want to start my own business and show my personal worth.

The main indicator of production efficiency

When creating your own production from scratch, it is recommended to think over a business plan, especially the financial component. The following key concepts should be considered:

• The cost of the client is a certain amount of finance for PR for the company.
• Average check is the approximate amount of one purchase. It is calculated in a simple way: the revenue is divided by the average cost.
• Cost price - minimum costs required to open production. Knowing the cost price, the entrepreneur will not go into a minus.
• Revenue is the total amount of income in a given period.
• Profit is an indicator of the profitability of an enterprise. Expenses are subtracted from the proceeds, it remains net income, withdrawn by the entrepreneur and started up for his own needs.
• Conversion - total amount the actions taken to the planned ones.
• A businessman should focus on increasing profits and reducing costs for one client.

Writing a business plan

A business plan will help an entrepreneur understand his own level of readiness, an idea of ​​the final goal and the sequence of steps from scratch. There are several steps to creating a quality plan:

1. Analysis of the current situation and collection of all information. A popular type of analysis is SWOT. This abbreviation stands for strong and weak sides, opportunities and threats of production. This analysis allows for a more objective picture of business planning from scratch.
2. Formulation and description of sections, including resume, range of services, marketing tactics, financial and organizational plans, goals for the future, achievements.
3. The embodiment of the idea.

Opening an enterprise is a costly process in financial and moral terms.

However, with the ability and patience, any production from scratch will be successful.

Today people understand that it is not necessary to work for an employee all their lives, because they can start their own business. The prospects are very tempting, and the opportunity to work for yourself and independently control your income, to influence it, attracts many people and they say to themselves: I want to open production and start moving towards the goal. Where do you start to create a successful business?

Assessment of production prospects

Before starting your own business, ask yourself the question: is the game worth the candle? It seems to many that it is enough to start your own business and money will immediately flow like a river, and you will become rich and happy.

Unfortunately, as practice shows, about half of enterprises close in the first year of operation, and another third - in the second. Most of the firms are simply not able to find their clientele, so the business becomes unprofitable and you have to abandon it.

Also remember that any business is directly associated with risk, and the more profit you expect, the higher the risk you will have to take on. If you are not afraid of failure and are ready to risk your time and money, then you should think about how to open your own production.

Idea

First of all, you need to clearly formulate for yourself what you will be doing. When thinking about what kind of production to open, try to choose what you are well versed in. If you have a great idea, but your own knowledge is not enough, you should have a person who will help you with this.

Ask yourself one simple question: why should consumers want to buy your product? How will it differ from similar ones? Or maybe there are no similar ones in your city yet? It is important to understand that the higher the competition, the more difficult it will be for you to promote your own product to the market.

Often a great idea of ​​what kind of production to open is to produce goods that are not made in your city. In this case, you will have an example to follow before your eyes, which will allow you to take into account all the advantages and disadvantages of your future business.

Business plan

Any enterprise begins with a business plan, in which you must take into account absolutely all aspects of the work of the future enterprise. The business plan consists of several important sections that need to be given special attention:

• In the first part of the business plan, you must specify the basic information about the company: its name, logo, motto, mission, business strategy. Of course, some items may be missing, but the title is required.
• Describe in a separate paragraph the product or products that you will release, as well as their main advantages over similar products on the market.
• In the next paragraph, you need to indicate what equipment you need for work: machines, furniture, premises, additional items, etc. Consider how much it costs, and also, if you take it on credit, how much you will have to pay extra for it monthly.
• The next section is designed to calculate the number of personnel required for the work, as well as the salary that you will pay to each employee.
• It is also important to plan the approximate levels of monthly sales. This data should be based on an analysis of the market situation so that you have a clear idea of ​​how long it will take for your business to pay off, and whether it will pay off at all.
• In the next section, explain your go-to-market strategy: how you will attract new customers and sell your services to them.
• Be sure to take into account all the expenses of your business in the course of its work: purchase Supplies, periodic repairs and maintenance of equipment, paid vacations and sick leaves, payment for premises and utilities, as well as any other expenses.

Make your business plan right. Since this will allow you to clearly see the prospects for your business, as well as its weaknesses.

Premises and equipment

After drawing up a business plan and clearly understanding that your business is promising, you need to find the right premises. Please note that it must not only be spacious enough, but also meet safety requirements. You may need to make repairs to the room to bring it up to date with your production needs. necessary equipment and install it.

Personnel search

Unable to open own production unless you have people making goods. Take the time to interview all candidates and select people who have the necessary qualifications and meet your requirements.

Other details

In most cases, certain cash infusions are needed to start a production, so you will need to find money. A business plan drawn up earlier will help you in attracting investors.

Also, you will need to go through the procedure for registering an enterprise, as well as choose the form of taxation and draw up all the necessary documents.