Why do many city residents strive to travel outside the metropolis for at least a few days a month? The answer is obvious - even such a short period of stay in clean fresh air gives them a charge for the rest of the time. At the same time, a dacha or Vacation home it is necessary to equip it with some of the benefits of civilization in order for the vacation to be truly complete.
General information
In this case we're talking about on the removal of contaminated Wastewater. This issue should always be resolved at the design stage of any home. You will be lucky if the central collector is nearby.
Otherwise, you will need a sewage pumping station (SPS), which will make it possible to pump dirty water before treatment facilities located nearby, or into the main drainage system.
Below in the article we will tell:
- about its structure;
- about the operating principle of the equipment;
- about the varieties of CNS.
Device
The station is essentially sealed drain hole, which is equipped with one or more pumps. With their help, wastewater is transported in the right direction. Let's highlight the main elements of equipment:
| Storage tank |
|
| Fecal pump | Two units are installed:
Their task is to raise wastewater to the required level, and not to create pressure in the system. After that, they move on by gravity. |
| Pipe system |
|
| Float switches | The instructions recommend installing three or four floats in order to organize full control over the system in the event of any failure. They are intended for automatic switching on and turning off the pump in the system. Their work is organized as follows:
If the main pump does not turn on, the 3rd and 4th floats start the backup unit. |
Also, such household pump stations are equipped with:
- a ladder to facilitate their maintenance;
- cover with inspection and inspection holes;
- electrical panel, designed to control the supply of electrical energy to the station.
- Please pay attention Special attention pumps for pumping stations. They are usually of the submersible type and are installed on chains or vertical guides. This makes it possible to quickly and easily replace units in the event of a breakdown.
Tip: when replacing one pump, the station’s operation does not need to be stopped.
- Ventilation is also an important component of the system.
It is mounted on the lid, and it consists of two pipes coming out of it:
- one for inflow fresh air to the station;
- the second is to remove contaminated material.
In expensive pump stations, the latter is equipped with a filtration system.
Tip: install an additional pipe on the lid with your own hands, lowering it almost to the bottom of the storage tank. This way you can quickly remove wastewater from the tank.
Types of pumping station
Today, manufacturers offer two main types of such equipment - for domestic and industrial needs. The second includes huge stations that are designed to collect wastewater from a large amount of residential buildings. In this article we do not consider them, but will devote more time to mini-sewage pumping stations.
They can also be of two types to work with:
- with one plumbing fixture (for example, a toilet);
- with several bathrooms.
Advice: installing a mini-sewage pump station is advisable if the central sewer collector is located far enough from the house, and when the bathrooms are located in the basement floors.
Where is the best place to install
If the house plan provides for the placement of bathrooms below the level of the first floor and it is impossible to carry out gravity flow of wastewater there, you need to install a mini-SPS directly inside the bathroom. Usually - between the toilet outlet and the sewer. This type of equipment is also a household waste shredder, and no sewer pipes are needed for its connection. large diameter. The devices have an outlet up to Ø40 mm or, more often, Ø32 mm.
The topic of sewer drains may seem unpleasant only to an inexperienced homeowner and only at first glance. As soon as problems arise with the sewer system, eliminating them becomes the most main task.
If problems with drains are regular, it makes sense to review the original project for errors. To eliminate them, you may need a pumping station sewer station. We will tell you how to install, operate and maintain it.
Sewage station or sewerage station is a device for the forced removal of solid and liquid waste. Such devices are most often used for industrial purposes.
But there is whole line KNS, specially designed for use in domestic conditions. They are usually installed in private households with or where it is necessary to ensure transportation of waste to a centralized riser sewer system.
Image gallery
Exist compact models sewage pumping stations that can be installed under the kitchen sink. But connecting a washing or dishwasher it is forbidden
Should be considered permissible temperature drains installed by the manufacturer for each specific model. Thus, sewage pumping stations, into which warm but not too hot wastewater can be poured, are suitable for connecting to a shower stall, bathtub, toilet, bidet, kitchen sink and so on.
However, if there is an automatic washing machine, you should choose a sewer pumping station model for your home into which wastewater with a temperature of 90 degrees or higher can be discharged. It should be borne in mind that the operating mode of such equipment usually involves boiling.
All this also applies to the dishwasher, from which almost boiling liquid can flow into the drain. In addition to your current home needs, you should evaluate your plans to avoid having to purchase and install a new sewer plant.
If you plan to purchase a dishwasher in the future, it is better to immediately choose a KNS designed for drains with elevated temperature.
It is worth paying attention to the number and location of pipes. For each new household device that needs to be connected to, which may appear in the future, there must be a corresponding connection. Otherwise, there will simply be nowhere to connect it.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
An overview of the compact sewage station for the toilet is presented here:
This video schematically depicts the installation process of a large pump station:
A sewerage plant can significantly improve life in your home. It is important to choose the right pump pump model and install it correctly. Correct operation and regular maintenance will ensure there are no problems with this useful device for many years.
Thanks to penetration modern technologies V various areas, today it is possible to solve many problems at lower costs. And the implementation of some tasks has become easier. The installation of a sewage pumping station is an opportunity to ensure the transportation of wastewater from a private home or office. Thanks to this equipment, a solution to the main problem is provided - the absence of a slope for effective wastewater drainage.
It is not always possible to transport used water and sewage from buildings by gravity due to the lack of slope. If it is absent or very small, then the use of natural drainage when discharging sewage can lead to clogging of the system. The same result can be counted on when the system contains small cross-section pipes. Clogging of the sewer occurs when inclusions such as:
- sand;
- gravel.
Their presence leads to a decrease in the efficiency of washing off fats and other deposits from the pipe walls. Therefore, to ensure effective wastewater disposal, the most The best decision– installation of a sewage pumping station. Its use in private homes and offices for drainage has several advantages:
- ease of maintenance;
- The equipment can operate automatically.
Selection of KNS
If the owner decides to install a water pumping station for effective wastewater disposal, then when choosing it it is necessary focus on the following parameters:
- degree of wastewater contamination;
- fraction and structure of inclusions.
Classification
Modern CNS are of two types:
- station with capacity;
- high-performance stations equipped with a level sensor.
If we talk about compact-sized SPS equipped with a level sensor, then, in fact, they are small-sized devices that produce a minimum noise level during operation. They can be installed directly behind the toilet or washing machine. Depending on the required power, the sewer station may have several receiving pipes and one outlet valve.
Currently popular models of QNS are those with large toilet entrance and several washbasins. Their installation can be carried out in any premises where difficulties arise with the transportation of wastewater. For example, if drainage points are located below the level of the sewer main, then in such cases the only possible and the right decision is the installation of a pumping station. The use of such equipment provides the opportunity to minimal costs arrange the bathroom and kitchen.
Elements of KNS
Included in the pumping station includes three components:
IN modern models KNS main details made from polymer materials. This makes it possible to eliminate the occurrence of corrosion processes on their surface. When constructing such a system, it is installed in the ground at a certain depth or in a shaft equipped in a special way.
Depending on the requirements of the owner, as well as the characteristics of the facility, the equipment of the pumping station may include two pumping units. This option is chosen when a pumping station is installed in a private house. If it is located in office space or in an industrial plant, it can include up to 5 pumps.
For domestic purposes, several are most often used different types pumps and various mechanisms. Experts recommend using pumps to create a sewerage station, having a cutting edge, thanks to which the clogging of the system by large pollutants stops. The use of such solutions in industrial enterprises can lead to the pumping station failing when solid inclusions from plastic and concrete enter it.
Installation of pump station
When performing work on the installation of such pumping stations, they are guided by requirements of SNiP 2.04.01-85. This document records:
Features of installation of pump station
The sewage pumping station should be located at the general level. In this case, the most effective technique drains. When the amount of wastewater has accumulated in the station capacity in sufficient quantity and the sensor is triggered, wastewater is released to the disposal site. A special feature of this process involves installing a sewer check valve. It is necessary to prevent the water column from returning to the receiver.
Alarm systems High-performance sewage pumping stations can be equipped. It will operate in cases where the pumping equipment used in the systems cannot cope with the incoming volume of wastewater. Also, the alarm will be triggered in the event that the installations fail. Some stations may include temperature level sensors, and in addition, meters of the pumped volume of wastewater.
To provide uninterrupted operation drainage systems and pumping stations can be equipped with a backup power source. For the reason that the power of the pumping station is quite high, and starting currents pumping equipment requires quite high ones; installation of a powerful battery is necessary. Therefore, when choosing a power source for the KNS, use gasoline generators or units operating on diesel fuel. In this case, even in the event of an emergency power outage, the station will operate as usual.
KNS service
As part of a high-performance pumping station there is a filtration system, which is represented by a pre-cleaning capacity. Heavy fractions, as well as large objects, accumulate in it. They are there before they enter the pumping chamber. Such designs usually provide a hatch through which people, using a shovel, ensure effective cleaning of the receiver. For the reason that not only household waste, but also wastewater can enter the pumping station, for efficient work equipment, it is necessary to clean the receiver once a month.
Alternative solutions
Although sewerage stations in private homes and offices began to be used not so long ago, nevertheless, there is already a big choice alternative options, which are effective and at the same time affordable. One of them - submersible drainage sewage pumps. The main purpose of this equipment is to pump water from basements from the ground floor. These pumps can also be used to pump out wastewater from cesspools.
If you purchased such equipment, then with a little modification you can make a sewer station on your own. To do this, you only need to purchase a container from polymer material and some plumbing equipment:
- valves;
- fitting;
- sewer pipes.
Models of sewage stations based on fecal drainage pumps are currently available on the market. They are offered in a wide range. Among the models offered you can find installations equipped with cast iron knives. Some models have cutting edges made of stainless steel and steel. The performance of these systems varies greatly, so you can choose suitable option to your home or office.
Conclusion
Not in all cases, when creating a sewer system, it is possible to install a well or bury a container to drain wastewater into the ground. In such cases, the solution to the problem is to install a water pumping station. With their help, even from a building that has a sewer system with a slight slope of pipes, it is possible to ensure effective removal of used water and wastewater. Offered on the market large selection of models pumping stations. They vary in cost, performance and size. Therefore, every owner of a private home or office can choose the appropriate equipment.
Often, owners solve the problem of draining wastewater from a building by means of a device ground floor containers for temporary storage of wastewater. Here the best option would be to use a sewer console type stations. In such cases, the container is installed in cabinet furniture in the basement. The dry installation method is used, which eliminates damage to walls or floors during the work. After this, you can connect plumbing fixtures, washing machine and use them without experiencing any problems with the disposal of used water and wastewater. All wastewater will be efficiently drained from the building and then pumped to the recycling site.
A sewage pumping station is used in cases where it is necessary to lift sewage and send them to the main sewer. In this situation, the task was to forcefully pump the wastewater coming from the bathhouse to central sewer. Initially, the customer wanted to supply it, but he had to be dissuaded, since TOPAS will not work if it does not contain sufficient food for bacteria.
Real Sewage Pumping Stations cost from 100 thousand rubles, we offered the customer an option similar to the standard sewage pumping station and made a non-standard one. In a standard sewage pumping station, 3 or more sewage drainage pumps with cutting mechanisms are installed. We installed one drainage pump with a knife inside the tube. Collector well Alta Plast Tuba a good option for organizing a CNS with your own hands. This tube is a model Alta Plast Tuba - 2.400, 2 meters high, in fact 210 cm with a sealed bottom and a closing lid.
How to choose the right sewage pumping station
In order for the pumping station for your sewer system to be as efficient as possible, you should select it carefully, guided by the criteria that we will outline below.
When choosing a station for your home, remember that there is absolutely no point in buying overly powerful and, therefore, much more expensive equipment, the capabilities of which will be used by a third or even a quarter. The selected unit should be optimal and fully meet the needs of your home. For this purpose, the following parameters must be taken into account:
- The distance over which wastewater is to be pumped.
- Maximum volume of processed waste.
- Level of wastewater pollution and its structural and qualitative composition. So, if there are large fractions in them, it makes sense to purchase a pumping station that includes a grinder that virtually eliminates the possibility of blockages.
- The height difference between the station entrance and the place where the wastewater is supplied.
- Equipment dimensions.
- Required level of wastewater treatment.
There are no universal formulas used when calculating equipment performance. For this reason, you should use the calculation algorithm, which, as a rule, is set out in the instructions attached to a specific CNS.
The required station capacity is calculated in the following sequence:
- the daily water consumption in the house and the volume of waste generated are determined;
- an approximate schedule of wastewater receipts for a daily period is constructed;
- the maximum and minimum values of the sewer flow are calculated;
- The required performance of the pumping station is determined taking into account the contamination of the wastewater.
By correctly determining the parameters listed above, you can accurately select the optimal equipment that will fully satisfy the needs of your home.
We have already talked about the prices for sewage pumping stations a little higher. Now we want to clarify that the price is a fairly eloquent indicator:
- brand popularity;
- maintainability of the product;
- possibilities service equipment.
Preference should not be given to cheap units if their operation will be daily and if there is no additional pumping equipment for evacuation and wastewater and no reserve tanks are provided.
How to install KNS
To begin with, we deliver the materials and tools necessary for installation to the installation site. We begin to dig a foundation pit for the pumping station and...
At the same time, we install a socket inside the tube to supply power to fecal pump. A hole is drilled with a percussion and the cable is threaded through the corrugation. The cable is mounted to the socket, and the socket is screwed onto the walls of the tube with self-tapping screws.
The outlet pipe was already in the trench and led into the central sewer system; all that remained was to connect it to the station. We are digging a pit to install a sewage pumping station.
When the pit is dug to the required depth, in our case it is 225 cm, we do sand cushion and level the bottom of the pit. We lay guides for lowering the reinforced concrete slab.
By this time they give us a ride reinforced concrete slab, with which we will anchor our unit. Since the crane board was physically unable to enter the yard, we transported the slab manually for about 30 meters.
The reinforced concrete slab is in place, you can begin to lower the tube into the pit.
Another good thing about the tube is that it is lightweight since it consists only of plastic; we easily lowered it and installed it in place. Next, using a cable, the tube was securely fastened to the reinforced concrete slab. Now you can install the outlet pipe (PND 32) and start burying.
The tube is, of course, buried with sand so that the backfill is dense. Stacked electrical cable in the trench.
For inserting the supply sewer pipe into the station body was needed to drill a hole for the jigsaw blade and itself. A circle was cut out and wound up with a rubber seal.
All that remains is to bury...
pumped out the incoming waste.
KNS closed with a lid.
The HDPE 32 outlet pipe in the house is connected to a 50 gray sewer pipe through a transition rubber band, providing reliable fastening and tightness.
Overall, the customer was pleased with the work done and promised to recommend us to his friends.
A sewerage pumping station (SPS), designed for pumping wastewater, is a whole complex technical devices, which also includes special tanks. Such stations are used in cases where it is not possible to transport wastewater through the sewer system by gravity. For example, you cannot do without a station if the bathroom is located below the level at which the sewer pipe is installed.
Today you can purchase sewer stations of various modifications, which differ from each other and technical characteristics, both design and scope of application. That is why, before proceeding with the selection of such installations, if the need arises for them, you should understand them design features, principle of operation, as well as get to know the main types of such equipment and the differences between them.
General information
Depending on the complexity of the design and performance characteristics Sewage pumping stations can be divided into three main categories: simple, medium and complex. It makes no sense to use complex water pumping stations for a private home, since such expensive installations are characterized by high productivity, significantly exceeding the volume of wastewater accumulating in a private building. Complex category pump stations are equipped with industrial enterprises, in the process of which activity is formed a large number of Wastewater.
To service private homes, it is advisable to use household pumping stations, which are characterized by their compact dimensions and affordable cost. When choosing a specific modification of a water pumping station for a home, the expected volume of wastewater, the degree of its contamination, as well as the type of contaminants that are present in such waters are taken into account. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the topography of the area where the station will be installed, as well as the depth of the sewer pipes.
Device diagram
Different types of sewage pumping stations differ from each other design, but regardless of the modification, their main elements are a pump and a sealed tank into which waste products are collected. The reservoir with which the sewage pumping station is equipped can be made of concrete, plastic or metal. The task of the pump that is equipped with a sewerage station is to raise wastewater to a certain level, after which it enters the storage tank by gravity. Once the tank is filled, the wastewater is pumped out and transported to a disposal site.
Often, the design of a household pumping station includes two pumps, the second of which is a backup and is used in cases where the main one fails. Sump stations serving industrial and municipal enterprises with large volumes of wastewater are required to be equipped with several pumps. Pumping equipment for pumping station can be various types. Thus, domestic sewage pumping stations, as a rule, are equipped with pumps with a cutting mechanism, with the help of which the waste is crushed. fecal matter and other inclusions contained in wastewater. Such pumps are not installed at industrial stations, since the solid inclusions contained in wastewater manufacturing enterprises, getting into the cutting mechanism of the pump, can lead to its breakdown.
In private homes, mini water pumping stations are often installed, the pumps of which are connected directly to the toilets. Such an aesthetically designed water pumping station (a real mini-system equipped with a pump with a cutting mechanism and a small storage tank) is usually installed directly in the bathroom.
Serial models of sewage pumping stations are equipped with polymer tanks that are buried in the ground, while the neck of such a tank for sewage pumping stations is located on the surface, which facilitates routine inspections, maintenance and repair of the tank, if the need arises. Before the start of operation of the pumping station, the neck of the storage tank is closed with a lid, which can be made of polymer material or metal. The connection of such a tank to the sewer system through which wastewater enters it is carried out using pipes. To ensure that wastewater flows into the storage tank evenly, a special baffle is provided in its design, and a water trench wall is responsible for ensuring that no turbulence occurs in the liquid medium.
The equipment of sewer pumping stations for a private home includes: control devices and automatic control mechanisms. TO additional elements, which are supplied to industrial sewer pump stations and installations for servicing the home sewer system, include:
- a source that provides backup power supply to the equipment included in the pumping station;
- pressure gauges, pressure sensors, elements shut-off valves;
- equipment that provides cleaning of pumps and connecting pipes.
How does KNS work?
The CNS has a fairly simple operating principle.
- Wastewater from the sewer system enters the receiving part of the installation, from where it is pumped into the pressure pipeline.
- By pressure pipeline wastewater is transported to a distribution chamber, from where it is then pumped into the treatment plant system or into the central sewer system.
To ensure that wastewater does not return through the pipeline to the pump, the pumping station is equipped with a check valve. If the volume of wastewater in the sewer pipeline increases, an additional pump is turned on at the station. If the main and additional pumps for the pumping station cannot cope with pumping the volume of wastewater, then a device is automatically turned on, signaling the occurrence of an emergency situation.
Operating principle of the CNS industrial use provides automatic control such installations that provide float-type sensors installed at different levels of the station's receiving tank. A CNS equipped with such sensors operates according to the following principle.
- When the level of wastewater entering the tank reaches the level of the lowest sensor, the pumping equipment remains turned off.
- When the tank is filled with wastewater to the level of the second sensor, the pump automatically turns on and begins pumping the wastewater.
- If the tank is filled with waste to the level of the third sensor, the backup pump is turned on.
- When the tank is filled to the fourth (topmost) sensor, a signal is triggered indicating that both pumps involved in the pumping station cannot cope with the volume of wastewater.
After the level of wastewater pumped out of the tank drops to the level of the lowest sensor, the system automatically turns off the pumping equipment. The next time the system is turned on, the backup pump is activated to pump wastewater out of the tank, which allows both pumping devices to operate in a gentle mode. The station’s operation can also be switched to manual control mode, which is necessary in cases where the pumping station is being maintained or repaired.
Types of pumping equipment for pumping stations
The main and most important element any sewerage pumping station is a pump whose task is to pump out domestic and industrial wastewater, sludge and liquid media coming from storm sewer. The main types of pumps that are used to equip pumping stations are:
- submersible devices;
- console pumps;
- self-priming pumping equipment.
Submersible pumping equipment, related to pressure-type devices, during operation is constantly in the liquid medium it pumps, so the body of the devices of this type made from materials that are resistant to the aggressive effects of substances contained in wastewater.
Among the advantages of submersible pumping equipment used to equip the pumping station are:
- no need for a specially designated place for installation, since such equipment is located in the medium it pumps;
- high reliability;
- ease of use;
- no need for frequent maintenance;
- ability to function effectively even when low temperatures;
- spontaneous cooling of internal elements of equipment, carried out by the liquid medium pumped by it;
- versatility, which lies in the fact that pumps of this type can also be installed on the surface of the earth.
Using cantilever pumps located on the surface of the earth, industrial pumping stations are serviced. To install such pumping equipment, it is necessary to prepare a separate concrete site and correctly install pipes to it, so it is best to trust the implementation of such a responsible procedure to qualified specialists. The advantages of cantilever-type pumping equipment include:
- high reliability;
- ease of maintenance and repair (since the pump is located on the surface of the earth);
- the ability to change the performance of the device, which is carried out by replacing the electric motor and other structural elements.
Surface self-priming pumps, which can be used to pump even heavily contaminated media, are used to service industrial and industrial pumping stations. utility companies. If we talk about the advantages of pumps of this type, then these include:
- ease of maintenance, which is ensured by a retractable design;
- the possibility of pumping wastewater containing solid inclusions;
- ability to work even with negative temperatures when equipped with special heating element;
- maximum tightness of the housing, which is ensured by a double mechanical seal;
- ease of installation and dismantling.
In order to install the pumping station, it is necessary to first prepare a pit to accommodate the station’s storage tank. The depth of the prepared pit should be such that the neck of the storage tank protrudes 1 meter above the ground surface. When preparing the pit, you should also take into account that at its bottom it is necessary to arrange a sand cushion 1.5 meters thick. After preparing the pit, they place it in storage capacity, to which everyone is connected necessary pipes. The final procedure for this stage of installation of the pumping station is filling the pit with sand and compacting it layer by layer.
Further installation of the SPS consists of adjusting the stroke of the floats, which must be located in the tank at certain levels. So, the first (lowest) float is installed in the container at a level of 0.15–0.3 m from its bottom. The remaining floats, if the SPS device provides for their presence, are installed in the container in increments of 1.5 meters. You can see how the floats should be positioned in the SPS tank using photos that are easy to find on the Internet.
Levels are monitored using float sensors, which ensure timely start and stop of pumps, as well as alarm levels
After the entire structure of the SPS has been assembled, the station is connected to the power supply, for which well-insulated cables are used. A test run of the station, the purpose of which is to check the operability of all its elements, is carried out using clean water, coming from plumbing system or storage tank.
To get an idea of what the assembled station should look like, take a photo of the pump station or a video demonstrating the process of its installation.
Both domestic and industrial sewage pumping stations require regular maintenance to maintain efficiency and extend the life of the equipment used. Maintenance involves the following procedures.
- First, the equipment is inspected and the condition of the pumps, shut-off valve elements is checked, and the parameter values reflected by the control panel of the pumping station are checked. If during operation the pumping equipment makes a lot of noise and vibrates, it is removed, inspected, cleaned and washed.
- To clean and rinse pumping equipment, as well as the station body, use brushes and ordinary water, but do not use any detergents. When flushing the pump station using water supplied from a hose, it is important to ensure that the liquid does not get on the control panel and pressure gauges.
- After dismantling the pumping equipment for the purpose of checking, cleaning and flushing reverse installation should be carried out in such a way that all devices are securely fixed to the automatic pipe coupling.
- Maintenance sewer pumping stations also include checking catchers that protect pumping devices from large debris getting into their interior.
