The diameter of the drill for a jigsaw file. Jigsaw files: the main types of fastening options and marking files (150 photos). Varieties of saw blades according to the geometry of the cutting edge

It largely determines the accuracy and productivity of cutting material. Considered in the article specifications files and the key differences between them will help you choose the right blade for various types works.

A file for a particular job is chosen in two ways: firstly, they are guided by the inscriptions, and secondly, they look at the size, teeth and wiring.

We read the marking

There is no single standard for alphanumeric marking of jigsaw blades, but most manufacturers adhere to the European classification from Bosch or indicate it in addition to their own designations.

Deciphering the marking

Files are made from various brands steel, affecting the purpose of the paintings and marked with logos:

CV (HCS) is an elastic alloyed alloy for cutting wood, synthetic and wood-composite products.
HSS is a tough high speed steel for hard materials.
BM (Bi-Metal) is a connection of the first two steel grades that can withstand significant loads and is suitable for many operations.
HM- hard alloy for cutting tiles and building blocks.

Marks also speak about the purpose of the canvas:

Wood - soft lumber, fiber boards.
Hardwood - solid wood, laminated panels.
Inox is stainless steel.
Alu is aluminium.
Metal - tin, profile and pipes.
Plaster, fiber - fiberglass.
Soft-material - rubber, polystyrene, carpets.
Acrylic - plexiglass, polycarbonate.

Sometimes there is an inscription on the file that specifies the type of work:

basic - standard canvas for a quality cut;
speed - file with set teeth for fast cutting;
clean - blade without wiring for a clean cut;
progressor - a file with different teeth for cutting various materials;
flexible - flexible blade for metal cutting;
special - for cutting ceramics, plastic and other special work.

We cut wood materials

Cutting wood and everything that is made from it is the main purpose of the jigsaw. Therefore, a larger range saw blades It is produced specifically for wood and is subdivided according to the type of work.

Fast cut

Certain construction works with wood do not require special care, for example, sawing bars for crates or dismantling the old window frame. Here, the speed provided by blades for fast cutting with characteristic features is more important:

Large teeth - up to 6 mm.
A fair divorce - about 1 mm.
Long canvas- from 60 mm.
Width - up to 10 mm.

For thick workpieces, similar canvases with large cutters are used, but without wiring - they move less from the vertical. In principle, the thicker the file, the better it holds perpendicularity.

Advice. For cutting along the fibers, a blade with an oblique tooth is better, and with a straight one - for a transverse cut.

Clean cut

Operation such as cutting furniture board or parquet board, requires a smooth and precise cut. Similar tasks are performed with less productivity, but better, using blades for clean cuts that have:

Teeth less than 3 mm.
Minor divorce.

Most saw blades cut in retraction, so the material is placed reverse side. To mark and cut from the face, you need a blade with a reverse tooth. It is not very convenient to work with them - in addition to maintaining the direction of the cut, you have to overcome the ejection force of the tool.

Advice. Cutting laminated on both sides of the panels almost without chips allows specialized file with two rows of teeth.

Shaped cut

It is problematic to cut small radii with a wide canvas. Files for curly cut they have a beveled back side, which facilitates turning, roundings pass without chipping and differ in appearance:

Small (up to 2 mm) tooth.
Narrow working part - up to 4 mm.
Short length - up to 40 mm.

We cut polymeric materials

PVC pipes and window sills are sawn in blades on wood or metal with a large tooth. Fine-toothed saws are also suitable, but you will have to cut at minimum speed, otherwise the sawdust will soften and clog the blade - you will no longer be sawing, but cutting with heated metal.

For thin plastics and plexiglass, a metal file with no large teeth. For a thick one, you can take a canvas on wood, turn off the pendulum mechanism and cut at low speeds. Figured sawing of polymer sheets is carried out with a narrow file for wood.

We work with metal

For cutting galvanized profiles and tin products, saws with wave wiring are used, similar in profile to canvases for hand saw. They differ in small (up to 1 mm) teeth, rejected not through one, but in groups of 3-5 pieces.

At permanent job take three canvases: for steel, aluminum and for non-ferrous alloys. If you have to cut metal infrequently, then one file for steel is enough, which is also suitable for ebonite and textolite.

In general, a jigsaw is not very suitable for sawing metal: the tool is heavily loaded, and the process is slow. Rather, this is an extreme method, justified only occasionally, for example, when cutting sandwich panels. bimetal files with small incisors along the edges and large in the middle.

Blades for specific tasks

Drywall and materials containing cement will quickly seat any file, with the exception of specially designed carbide-tipped blades, which also cut thermal insulation well.

A hole in the tile is cut out with a carbide-coated ceramic file without teeth. It is also suitable for working with glass fiber reinforced polymers.

The cutting part of cloths for a cardboard, rubber and others soft materials made not with teeth, but with polished waves or simply looks like a knife.

For sawing combined materials special files, one half of the blade of which is equipped with small teeth, and the other with large ones.

Advice. The length of the file is chosen, focusing on the thickness of the material. So that the blade does not break out and does not break, its end must come out of the cut line in any position of the jigsaw pendulum.

For household needs, a set of 5-10 files for various purposes is enough. Just starting to use a jigsaw, they acquire an inexpensive kit, master the intricacies of working with different types of canvases and, based on their own experience, select necessary files. Still, there are no strict recommendations, often one canvas copes well with tasks that are atypical for it. Here you can experiment, but first think.

What kind of saw blades exist and how to choose the best option for a particular case, every craftsman who has this tool in his household should know.

There are many factors influencing the choice of cutting blade: the material to be sawn, its thickness and density, the required cut quality, etc. In order not to make a mistake when buying, you should take into account the technical characteristics of the files, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of a particular model.

Cutting blade material

The first thing you need to pay attention to when choosing a file is the material from which it is made.

Each cutting blade of well-known manufacturers has its own marking. Knowing how to decipher it, you can easily determine whether the file is suitable for you for the upcoming work.

The marking indicating the material of manufacture of the canvas is as follows:

Table for the use of files.

HCS. Such files are related to wood tools. They are made of high carbon steel, which has ductility and elasticity. They can cut wood, chipboard, plywood and plastic. When choosing such a canvas, you should pay attention not to its hardness, but to its flexibility.
HSS. Hardened steel products that can be operated at high speeds. Used for processing durable materials, including metals of various densities. Despite all its rigidity, hardened steel is a rather brittle substance that must be handled with great care.
BIM. Bimetal blades, which are made from a mixture of high-carbon and hardened steel, due to which they have all the advantages of the first two types. Depending on the shape and size of the teeth, they can be used for both woodworking and metalworking.
HIM. Manufactured from high-strength alloys, due to which they are characterized by high strength and rigidity. Mainly used for cutting ceramic tiles.

The color of the file can also indicate the material of manufacture and the purpose of the file:

white (BIM) - for cutting wood and metal;
gray (HCS or BIM) - for processing wood and materials based on it;
blue (BIM or HSS) - for cutting metal;
black (HIM) - for special tasks (sawing ceramic tiles, durable steel, etc.).

Jigsaw saw blade marking

Files intended for working with wood are marked with the letters HCS.

On the tail of any cutting blade for a jigsaw there is a marking consisting of letters and numbers. The first is the letter "T" or "U", which indicates the type of fastening of the blade to the tool: T-shaped or U-shaped. It is followed by numbers indicating the length of the file:

1 - short canvas (up to 7.5 cm);
2 - standard cutting element (7.5-9.0 cm);
3 - elongated file (9-15 cm);
7 – long file(more than 15 cm).

The longer the product, the thicker the workpiece can be cut with it.

The numbers are again followed by letters that indicate the size of the teeth:

A - the smallest teeth (perfect for cutting laminate);
B - larger teeth (used for processing wood, fiberboard, chipboard and plywood);
C and D are the largest teeth used for rough cutting.

Some manufacturers use two instead of one letter at the end (for example, T101BR). The second letter means:

Oh - for curly cutting;
R - with a reverse tooth (improves the quality of the cut);
F - bimetallic products (considered the most durable and reliable);
X - universal blade (they can cut both wood and metal);
P - thick files (used for corner cutting).

For example, the marking T118AF means that the selected model has a T-shaped mount and fine teeth, its length is up to 7.5 cm, the material of manufacture is bimetal.

Types of saw blades.

When choosing a cutting blade for a jigsaw, you need to know what material it will work with. This tool is able to cut not only wood and materials based on it (chipboard, fiberboard, plywood, etc.), but also plastic, slate, brick, metal and even tiles. At the same time, for each material being processed, there is its own type of saw, with which the jigsaw will work with best efficiency. There are also universal cutting blades, which are equally well suited, for example, for wood and metal.

Wood saws. Depending on the purpose, such products are divided into two groups:

for fast cutting
for a clean cut.

If you are faced with the task of sawing a large number of wood, while spending a minimum of time, then the best option would be a cutting blade with large teeth.

The larger the teeth, the faster the cut. However, as the speed of work increases, the cleanliness of the cut decreases, so here you need to choose between speed and quality.

If the speed of work is in the first place, then the best option would be a canvas marked T101D. With it, you can quickly cut wooden blank up to 7.5 cm thick, for thicker material, T244D or T344D is available.

For a clean cut good option is a file T101B. It is often used for professional purposes when assembling furniture and other jobs that require a quality cut. This product can also cut thick workpieces, but you will spend twice as much time on this than when using, for example, the T244D model.

Fabric on laminate. When laying laminate flooring, it is important that the cut is free of burrs. This can be achieved with the T101BR file, which is equipped with a reverse tooth. However, if you don’t have this model at hand, and you need to cut the laminate with something, you can get by with the usual T101B blade. Only in this case, before starting work, it is recommended to paste over the place of the intended cut ordinary tape, which will protect the processed material from chips, burrs and other defects.

Metal saws. They have small teeth and a blue tail. If you work with metal 3 mm thick, buy a T118A file. It is also suitable for cutting plastic. For thicker material, the T123X blade is recommended, and for aluminum, the T227D blade.

Tile saws. They are marked T150RIFF or T130RIFF. Instead of teeth, their cutting part is carbide coating. You need to know that it is recommended to use a jigsaw for cutting tiles only in extreme cases, since the work will be slow and high level dustiness. For lack of specialized tool for cutting tiles, it is better to use a regular glass cutter.

Blade shape

For various tasks fits certain form teeth, which differs not only in the type of sharpening, but also in the method of wiring:

Milled set teeth. This blade is perfect for cutting wood. Divorce is carried out by analogy with a conventional hand saw. This allows you to slightly expand the cut, thereby preventing overheating and jamming of the tool in the thickness of the tree.
Milled teeth with wave setting. In this case, not a single, but a group wiring is performed (for example, 4-6 teeth each). These blades are used for cutting metal.
Ground teeth without setting. The best option for fine cutting. This canvas makes it possible to achieve High Quality cut in wood, laminate and plastic.
Grinded set teeth. Such a product is used for fast cutting, when there are no special requirements for the quality of the cut.

Jigsaw blade manufacturers

To choose the right saw for electric jigsaw, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the technical characteristics and marking of the product, but also to the manufacturer. On the market construction equipment cutting blades are presented in a wide range of European, domestic and Chinese models.

Chinese files have no the best quality They wear out quickly and overheat. Their only advantage is their low cost. However, it will be cheaper and easier to pick up one high-quality canvas for 300-400 rubles than to purchase a set of 20-30 Chinese products for 150-200 rubles. But, if you still need to cut, but there is no file at hand, you can sharpen the old one.

The most popular and reliable saw blades for electric jigsaws are products from Makita, Bosch and Praktika.

A few useful tricks for working with a jigsaw:

Lobzik what is it? - history reference

The popular makita jigsaw had a predecessor that was completely undeservedly forgotten. The manual jigsaw was replaced by laser cutting, electric jigsaw, milling.
The manual jigsaw can cut wood, plywood, plastic, ceramics, sheet metal. Previously, in schools at labor lessons, children practiced cutting homemade products with a jigsaw - frames, shelves, dolls and other homemade products. There was no time for gadgets ...

Jigsaw design

A jigsaw is an arc, U-shaped (1), at the ends of which are clamping screws (4). A handle (3) is attached to the lower end of the jigsaw. Between the ends of the arc of the jigsaw, with the help of clamping screws, a file (2) is fixed, which is installed with some tension (until it rings).
A jigsaw with a wooden arc has a third screw - a tension screw, which serves to tension the file between the ends of the arcs, since a jigsaw with a wooden arc does not have sufficient elasticity to pull the file to working condition.

Jigsaw blades (a, b, c) are made of high quality carbon steel. but despite this, sawing with a jigsaw is enough painstaking work requiring patience and attention. Slightly hurried and trine! You need to put in a new saw blade.

What can be done with a jigsaw?

The modern jigsaw has supplanted manual jigsaw from many fields of activity, but if you need an accurate, curvilinear cut - a regular, manual jigsaw is not replaceable.
In jewelry production, craftsmen still use a jigsaw
for sawing complex figures out of gold and silver. Cutting various shapes for handicrafts with a jigsaw from plywood and wood is a great hobby, hands are busy and nerves are like ropes.

Today, every craftsman has a jigsaw in his home assortment. This device is quite useful, because it will easily allow you to accurately and accurately perform any manipulations with the material. When buying a jigsaw, as a rule, the majority also purchase saw blades "in reserve", the purpose of which they have no idea.

But when it's time to test the jigsaw in practice, then the choice of the required canvas occurs by the “poke” method, since it is quite difficult to immediately figure out which file is needed. For right choice such a tool as a jigsaw, you should know the variety of canvases, their marking and other nuances.

Markings

Knowledge of labeling will give you the opportunity to choose the right blade for a jigsaw, since it can tell quite a lot, including about its purpose. To do this, you only need to carefully look at the canvas and decipher the symbols that are indicated.

Marking, as a rule, from a set of Latin letters and numbers. In the marking, in the first place is the Latin letter, which indicates the type of shank.

The most common letters that you can see on the canvas are "T", "X". The most used is the marking with the Latin letter "T", and indicates that the tool shank has a T-about different shape. Quite rare is the canvas with the letter U.

Immediately after the letter comes a series of numbers, you should pay attention to the first one. The numbers indicate the length of the canvas:

standard canvas 75 mm long;
medium file 90 mm;
elongated file 150 mm;
long file, the size of which is more than 150 mm.

Immediately after the numbers, there are again letters that will help you find out the size of the teeth. The size of the teeth is indicated by the following letters:

"A" - small teeth;
"D" - large;
"B", "C" - medium teeth, so to speak, an intermediate option.

Sometimes there is more than one last letter, but a few. In this case, the last letter indicates the quality consumable. The quality of the consumable is indicated by the following letters:

If you are interested in the fabric material, in this case, the following markings, which can be seen under the T-shaped protrusions of the tail and the canvas, will help. Three Latin letters will tell about the material from which the tool is made. This marking is divided into four options:

What to look for when choosing a jigsaw blade?

Tooth shape

Such a nuance as the "shape of the teeth", should not be ignored, since from their configuration it is possible to determine the capabilities of the purchased jigsaw. Before making a purchase, it is worthwhile to realize for what needs this or that canvas is purchased. A huge number of small teeth will significantly improve the quality of the cut, but at the same time the speed will be reduced. A blade with large teeth will greatly speed up the process, but the cut will be rather sloppy. According to the shape of the teeth, the canvas can be divided into the following groups:

Blade width and thickness

Such a nuance as the width and thickness of the jigsaw blade, should not be ignored when choosing a jigsaw, since criteria such as the quality and speed of producing various kinds of work depend on these two nuances. Both wide and narrow products have their positive aspects. wide file quite strong and stable. When using it, you can not worry that it will deviate from the intended course. Narrow canvases make it easier to perform various maneuvers compared to wide ones. Thickness is also important, because the thicker the web, the greater its stability.

Canvases for wood

The purpose of the jigsaw- direct work with wood, well, with those materials that are made on its basis. Jigsaws for wood have many varieties. Jigsaws are distinguished, both in terms of the size of the teeth, and in their sharpening, as well as in the shape of the file. There are two main varieties:

They are distinguished by the following parameters:

Blade length. This parameter determines the actual thickness of the cut.
Blade width.
The size of the teeth directly affects the cleanliness of the cut.
Orientation of the teeth.

Cloths for metal

Blades for electric jigsaw usually made from high speed steel. Such a product is quite solid and has a bluish tint. The file has a different tooth shape and the geometry of the blade itself. Depending on what kind of cut is needed, products with rather small teeth are used, which are exactly the same size. As a rule, a blade with such teeth is used for soft metals.

If the choice fell on a product that has teeth with varying geometry, the file is used for cutting harder metals. Such a product has teeth, where the pitch and size increases towards the edge. The advantage of this option is the direct simplification of the cut, since such a structure of the teeth, as it were, cuts the metal, while each of the teeth performs its own function. This file structure reduces the load on the tool as much as possible, therefore, increasing its resource. The same function is performed with a slightly curved canvas at the bottom.

All, without exception, jigsaw blades for metal have small teeth. These products have a certain marking, where you can always see the Latin letter “A” in the last or penultimate place. This letter indicates the strength of the metal. Before choosing a file for cutting metal, you need to understand what material it will be intended for. Because the harder the metal, the smaller the tooth should be.

When choosing a jigsaw file, it is worth considering the peculiarity of the material, because the wrong tool will not bring the desired result. To choose the right file, it is important to study the following marking list:

T111CHCS - a carbon steel product that is used for cutting wood and plastic (length 75 mm, tooth pitch 3 mm);
T119B0HCS - carbon steel, designed to work with soft woods (length 56 mm, tooth pitch 2 mm). Typically used when performing fine work, curly cutting;
T101BHCS is a carbon steel blade used for cutting soft woods. The advantage of such a blade is an even cut (length 75 mm, tooth pitch 2.5 mm);
T101BRHCS - also used for making carbon steel, the main nuance of the blade is reverse teeth. Designed to work with soft woods (length 75 mm, tooth pitch 2.5 mm);
T118AHSS - used for the manufacture of hardened steel and is designed for hard metals (length 50 mm, tooth pitch 1.2 mm);
T144D HCS - carbon steel is used, the blade has set teeth. The direct purpose of the blade is cutting hard and soft woods. (length 75 mm, tooth pitch 4 mm);
T127DHSS - uses hardened steel, designed to work with non-ferrous metals. The blade has milled set teeth (length 75 mm, tooth pitch 3 mm);
T118GHSS - Made from hardened high speed steel. The main difference lies in the wavy teeth and is used for hard metals. (length 50 mm, tooth pitch 0.8 mm);
T118BHSS - made of hardened high speed steel, the shape of the teeth is phrased wavy. Main use for cutting hard metals (length 50 mm, pitch 2 mm).

Such a marking can be found directly at the foot of the jigsaw file.

Naturally, when files for a jigsaw are selected, you can’t remember all the nuances and criteria. When buying files for a jigsaw, pay attention to following points:

Speaking of the manufacturer you can safely say "Bosch", "Makita", "Practice". Electric jigsaws from these manufacturers have proven themselves well for their quality and durability. When choosing a file, remember its intended purpose, otherwise the goals set will not come true. Knowing the types of files used, and paying attention to the markings, the method of attachment, as well as the manufacturer, the correct choice is guaranteed.

The electric jigsaw is a high-speed device, which is why do not neglect the safety rules!

It largely determines the accuracy and productivity of cutting material. The technical characteristics of saw blades discussed in the article and the key differences between them will help you choose the right blade for various types of work.