Cottage or Vacation home must have a porch with a canopy that protects from rain, snow and scorching sun rays. Without it, such houses don’t look at all good. Can be done external finishing buildings in the most different styles, but without a porch it will be an ordinary building.

You can do it yourself, but to do this you need to know the correct sequence of performing such work. So how to make a concrete porch with your own hands?

Required tools and materials

To make a concrete porch with your own hands, you will need the following tools and materials:

Design calculation

If the house is adjacent to a heavily damaged porch that has an unsightly appearance, then it is necessary to make a new structure, which involves the following work:

• It is necessary to completely break down the old porch and then clear the area of ​​debris.
• To determine the height of the porch, measure the distance from the ground to the threshold. You need to know the height, and having decided how many steps there will be, they begin to calculate the height of the steps.
• When calculating minimum sizes the landings at the door take into account the width of the door opening. The width of the platform must be equal to the width doorway+ 15 cm. The area must be at least a meter deep.

Preparing the foundation for the porch with your own hands

To make a foundation for a concrete porch with steps, first determined by the size of the site for him. It can be made along the entire length of the wall of the house. The form may be:

• square;
• rectangular;
• in the form of a semicircle.

It all depends on personal preference.

After this, along the perimeter of the future porch a pit should be dug, the depth of which is determined by the level groundwater, but should be at least 50 cm. Then a 20 cm layer of crushed stone is poured and leveled. Then pour sand in a layer of 10 cm, compact it well and fill it with water.

Start waterproofing the foundation using roofing felt or thick film. Then the reinforcement is installed and the concrete solution begins to be prepared. For this, crushed stone, sand and cement are used in a ratio of 3:3:1. Then pouring the foundation, level and allow it to gain strength for several days.

If reinforcement is used, this will increase the strength of the foundation, and waterproofing helps to avoid structural damage from surface water.

How to make formwork

The quality of the porch steps depends on how well the formwork is installed. Add 30 cm to the height of the porch. This will be the height of the plywood formwork. If plywood sheets are not available, use strong boards or metal sheets .

After which it is necessary to draw steps and treads on the formwork sheets at an angle of 90 degrees, and then a platform and treads with a slope, calculating a slope of 5 mm per 30 cm of depth. After this, steps are drawn with a 15 degree slope.

Stiffening ribs are attached to the side parts of the formwork. Then install prepared shields, retreating from the building by 1 cm. To prevent them from being pushed apart when laying concrete, spacers are made. To do this, stakes are driven into the ground to a depth of 20 cm at a distance of 45 cm from the excavation prepared under the steps. Spacers should be installed between the formwork and the stakes.

After this, install boards of such length that they will be equal to the width of the steps. The edges at the bottom of the boards should be sloping, this makes the concrete pouring very smooth. The boards are secured to the formwork using wide-headed nails. The formwork is ready.

Before pouring concrete on the base lay a layer of vapor barrier. Roofing felt is placed on the foundation of the building and a layer of sealant is applied. Inside, the formwork is lubricated with a special lubricant so that the concrete solution being laid does not stick to the boards or plywood.

How to make concrete steps

To make your own concrete porch very strong and durable, install fittings, which is pre-cut into pieces. Reinforcement stakes must be connected to each other using wire.

In addition to the reinforcement, each layer contains stones or broken bricks, which allows you to significantly save on the amount of concrete and make the structure even more durable.

To prepare the concrete solution, use a concrete mixer. Concrete is laid along the steps, and work should begin from the bottom step.

In order for the concrete to retain its strength characteristics, it is laid after the batch is completed. Each filled layer compacted thoroughly, removing all the resulting voids.

You should be very careful, as such voids can very quickly destroy the structure. The filler may protrude above the level of the solution; in this case, it is carefully compacted inside with a shovel or trowel. To check the quality of concrete laying use a level.

After pouring the first layer, you need to let it dry thoroughly and only then start working on the next one. The work is completed by pouring concrete on the upper platform step. Formwork should last a week. At this point, the work on making a concrete porch with your own hands is considered completed.

Do-it-yourself concrete porch finishing

The easiest option is to leave concrete porch just the way it is. However, you can lay out beautiful patterns of pebbles during the process of laying concrete. But you should take into account the fact that the work will take longer.

Basically, the concrete porch and steps are laid out non-slip clinker tiles. This will be beneficial in winter or wet weather. It is very important that the building and the porch are made in the same style. For a small country house, you should not make a large concrete porch, because it will look ridiculous. Porcelain tiles will perfectly decorate a concrete porch.

To make a concrete porch look beautiful, make railings and canopy. Railings may not be installed if the stairs are short. You can use different materials for railings, the main thing is that it matches the overall design of the building.

The porch is the most important and beautiful element of a living space. It not only decorates the building, but also protects him, making it convenient to use. If you follow everything necessary advice and recommendations, you can quite easily make a concrete porch with your own hands.

Upon completion of the main construction work when building a country house, you need to design and install a concrete porch; you can build a convenient entrance with your own hands, monitoring the quality of the work, because this part greets owners and guests every day, which is why it constantly undergoes loads. We will help you plan the progress of work correctly, select materials and comply with all necessary regimes.

Concrete porch - do it yourself cheaper

The porch structure itself is a small extension adjacent to the opening front door. Main positive quality concrete version is durability, exceptional strength and reliability. As negative point It should be noted that construction is highly labor intensive, high consumption building materials, and therefore this structure will be relatively expensive. Although when it was created on our own costs can be significantly reduced; at a minimum, there is no need to pay for a team.

Before starting construction, it is necessary to decide on the design of the porch, which should fit organically into the overall architecture of the house. For example, if country house built from timber or logs, the porch is usually wooden. It can also be made from concrete, but then you will have to take care of the finishing wooden materials so as not to violate general style buildings. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the size of the house so that the porch is proportional to it.

We calculate materials for the construction of a concrete porch

After determining the size of the porch, it is necessary to calculate the amount of building materials. The size includes not only the overall width and height, but also the number of steps, which determines the volume of concrete. First of all, you need to calculate the cubic capacity of concrete, which is the main building material. It is best to draw up a preliminary drawing on some scale and use it to make all calculations. If you plan to use ready-made concrete, then in this case it is enough to simply calculate the total volume of the future structure.

If cooking concrete mixture planned to be carried out on site, then you need to take into account the consumption of materials, which is per 1 m3 of concrete: cement - 340 kg, sand - 1.05 m3 and crushed stone - 0.86 m3. Based on the dimensions of the porch, the reinforcement and waterproofing are calculated. IN reinforcement cage There should be two rods for each step. After all the calculations, the formwork for the steps is arranged with your own hands.

How to make formwork for steps - we knock down the frame with our own hands

Porch formwork is usually made of boards or plywood. It should be approximately 30-35 centimeters higher than the porch, since part of it will go into the ground. If the soil is sufficiently strong, this distance can be reduced to 20 centimeters. Then you need to draw the sides of the formwork on the plywood. First, treads and risers located at right angles are drawn, and after them the platform and the last tread with the necessary slopes are designated to ensure water drainage.

The side parts of the formwork are additionally reinforced with stiffeners. The distance between the prepared shields and the wall of the building must be at least 1 centimeter. Reinforcing stakes are driven to a depth of 20 centimeters and at a distance of about 45 centimeters from the base of the porch. Fixing spacers are installed between the stakes and formwork panels. This way the structure will not fall apart under the weight of liquid concrete until it dries.

After installing the formwork, the base is backfilled with a 10-centimeter layer of sand, which must be thoroughly compacted. The excess pieces of boards installed for rigidity are then cut to fit the dimensions of the risers. To subsequently eliminate possible unevenness after pouring concrete, their lower edges should be made at an angle. The boards are fastened to the formwork base using double-headed nails.

After the formwork is ready, the foundation of the house is covered with a sheet of roofing material, followed by a layer of sealant. This is how creation is done expansion joint. And so that the concrete does not stick to the formwork structure when drying, its inner wall is coated with lubricant.

Step by step we learn how to make a concrete porch with your own hands

All preparatory work done, it’s time to figure out how to make a concrete porch with your own hands.

How to make a concrete porch with your own hands - step-by-step diagram

Step 1: Determine the type of steps

It is necessary to dwell separately on the size and configuration of the steps. They are the most important detail throughout the porch structure. Convenience and comfort when entering the house completely depends on their parameters. When calculating the number of steps, the distance from the ground to the floor level is taken into account. It is best to make the steps themselves wide, since this option is safer, in contrast to small and narrow steps, on which the foot is placed with great difficulty. The porch structure itself can have a square, rectangular or trapezoidal shape, and the steps themselves can be located on the front or side. If the steps for a concrete porch exceed the number of three, it is necessary to consider the installation of railings.

Step 2: Reinforcement

After insulating the bottom with roofing felt, it is necessary to proceed to tying the frame from reinforcement in accordance with the configuration of the stairs. When purchasing fittings, you should keep in mind that, on average, for a porch its approximate consumption ranges from 150 to 170 meters. If it is used less, cracks may form in concrete over time, so you should not skimp on reinforcement. When tying the reinforcement, it is necessary to leave several outlets from the pipes or corners on each side for the future construction of the canopy and railings.

Step 3: Pouring Concrete

When the reinforcing mesh is ready, you can move on to concrete works. As a rule, a lot of concrete is consumed, and its pouring is carried out in several stages. Typically kneading is done by hand or electric concrete mixer. A normal solution has the following proportion: cement - 1 part, crushed stone - 2 parts and sand - 2 parts. Water is added until the solution reaches a normal consistency, convenient for installation. For pouring, you can build a special trench for supplying concrete. When the level of the steps increases, the concrete mixer must be gradually raised. During the work, the entire mass must be constantly compacted using wooden tampers or a special vibrator.

Want to build a porch yourself? No problem! Be it concrete, be it wood, or be it metal – choose any one. In this case, the metal will be made with a beautiful canopy roof made of

Building a concrete porch

Reliable, durable and overall solid design.

Choosing sizes

Dimensions of steps: a - normal; b - outsiders

Typically a porch consists of several steps. Our task is to choose the best design dimensions.

The optimal width of the stairs is 80-100 cm. If possible, the width should be increased - this will make the porch more comfortable and beautiful. It is not advisable to reduce it.

The permissible angle of inclination of the stairs is from 27 to 45 degrees.

Step width, mm	Step height, mm	March inclination angle, degrees.
400	100	14
380	110	16
360	120	18
340	130	21
320	140	23
300	150	25
280	160	29
260	170	33
240	180	37
220	190	40
200	200	45

We make the steps approximately 25 cm in width and 12-20 cm in height, depending on who will use the porch. Children and elderly people? Making the steps lower. Mostly young and energetic users? We can increase the height of the steps.

We arrange the upper platform so that it is approximately 50 mm below the end of the front door.

Pouring the foundation for the porch

We dig a pit around the perimeter of the future porch. Depth – from 50 cm.

We install formwork around the perimeter of the foundation.

We fill the bottom of the pit with a 20-centimeter layer of crushed stone and compact it. Pour a 10 cm layer of sand on top. Spray with water for better compaction.

We cover the area with roofing felt. We lay the reinforcing mesh (recommended cell size is 10x10 cm) and. You can prepare the solution yourself. Standard proportions:

• cement – ​​1 part;
• sand – part 3;
• crushed stone - 5 parts.

We pour concrete. We level the filling and pierce it with reinforcement in several places to release excess air. We leave the concrete for several days to gain initial strength.

Prices for cement and basic mixtures

Cement and base mixtures

Installing formwork

We build formwork for the steps. For this we use thick plywood. The height of the formwork should be 20 cm higher than the height of the future porch.

The principle is simple: we cut out the formwork elements according to the height of each step and install them in the appropriate places. We tighten the shields together with metal plates, wooden blocks or other suitable fasteners.

Important! Side shields need to be strengthened with additional stiffeners.

The steps must be reinforced. In this case, the reinforcement must be laid and installed in all three planes. Even more convenient option– weld the frame in the shape of the future staircase and build formwork around it. Do as you please.

Filling the steps

Lubricate the inner walls of the formwork with oil. Thanks to this, in the future we will be able to remove it without much effort.

We prepare the mortar for pouring in the same way as the mixture for the foundation-platform.

We fill the stairs in stages, starting from the first step. Let each step dry slightly, and only then fill the next one. In this case you need to install additional elements formwork with front side steps. The length of these elements must correspond to the width of the stairs. We make the height the same as that of the step itself.

Important! The side of the formwork in contact with should be as smooth as possible.

We carefully level the poured concrete and pierce it with reinforcement in several places.

We remove the formwork after at least 7-10 days. At the end, all we have to do is finish the steps. We can cover them with stone or tiles, lay them and perform any other finishing at our discretion.

We install railings upon request. The height of the handrails is from 90 cm. You can use next option. It is also suitable for metal and wooden porch(in this case we will replace metal elements with wooden ones).

We install support posts made of metal pipes in the lower and upper parts of the porch. It is advisable to select the length so that the slope of the railing matches the slope of the stairs. We connect the upper and lower ends of the racks with pipes of a slightly smaller cross-section. We use welding.

The top tube will take on the functions of a handrail. To fill the space between our pipes we use any rolled steel. We install elements at any interval. At this point, everything completely depends on your preferences and imagination.

After installing the structure, we clean the metal elements and prime them in 2 layers. This treatment will increase the service life of the railings.

This porch will go well with almost any home.

Making the foundation

In general, the foundation is laid out in the same way as in the case of a concrete porch, with only one difference: at the same stage, you need to install supports for the future canopy.

It is better to install supports in each corner of the future canopy - this way the structure will be as stable as possible. If the porch is large, we make supports along the length of its walls in increments of no more than 2 m.

We dig holes about one and a half meters deep for each support. They will cope with the role of supports perfectly metal pipes. We insert the pipe into the hole and fill it with concrete.

The supports can also be made from bursa. The operating procedure is the same, but first the lower part of the beam must be wrapped in roofing material or tarred and additionally soaked with an antiseptic.

At the same stage, we install supports for the future staircase. Similarly, we dig holes, place metal posts in them and pour concrete. It is unlikely that the porch will have too long a staircase, so it will be enough to install supports at the bottom and top of the structure. To be more confident, we can install them in the middle of the span.

The further procedure, up to the stage of pouring concrete, remains the same as in the instructions for arranging a site for a concrete porch.

At the pouring stage, we take into account that we will need to drown the staircase structure somewhat in the solution. We do not fill it to the very top of the site - we leave approximately a 100-300 mm gap (depending on the dimensions of the structure being equipped and its features).

Then, after installation metal structure, we will fill the pit to the very top.

Drawing according to the house plan

Cooking the stairs

We take two metal channels. We weld them to the previously installed and concreted supports. In the future, we will weld rolled products for steps to these products.

We take equal flange metal corner. We cut it to the selected length of the steps, increased by the length of the welding seam. We weld the metal corner along the contour.

We get products in the shape of the letter G. We connect them together. At the top we connect these L-elements using an equal angle corner. To do this, we weld it along the contour to both products, placing the shelves inside. To connect the bottom of the steps we use a similar corner, but we place it with the shelves facing outwards.

To fill the steps we can use different material, for example, wood and plywood. Fastening is carried out using self-tapping screws, screwing them in from the bottom. For additional fastening wooden elements We use silicone and regular glue.

In general, decorate the stairs at your own discretion. If you wish, you can not seal the horizontal openings, but simply mount the sheathing directly on the steps.

Prices for popular models of welding machines

Welders

Making a visor

We installed the racks for the frame at the stage of arranging the foundation. Next we work in this order.

We install transverse supports according to the dimensions of the frame. If desired, we can make a curved canopy. To do this, just cut the profile in increments of about 4 cm and bend it to the desired level. The advantage of a curved canopy is that precipitation and various debris will not linger on it.

We lay it on the frame and secure it with self-tapping screws. We maintain a fastening pitch of 300 mm. We glue the edges. At this point the canopy is ready.

Building the foundation

– The best decision for a wooden house porch. Such a foundation is simple and quick to install, but at the same time very reliable.

We dig holes at the points where the pile is installed - in the corners of the future porch and along the length of its edges in increments of 80-100 cm. The depth of such holes is from 80 cm. Optimally, below the freezing point of the soil.

We treat the support beam with an antiseptic, wrap its lower part with roofing felt, and then insert it into the holes. Fill the vertically aligned timber in the pits with concrete.

Let the concrete harden and proceed to further activities.

We install logs

If necessary, we cut off the tops of the timber so that all the piles are at the same level. We calculate the height of the supports so that after laying the platform between it and the front door there remains approximately a 5-centimeter difference in height.

We attach the logs to the supports and the wall of the house in a suitable way (with self-tapping screws, dowels, etc., depending on the wall material).

Making a kosour (string)

We begin to manufacture the load-bearing part of the stairs. We will attach steps to it. That is, the string is the side edge of the steps.

To make a bowstring we use wooden boards from 5 cm thick. Take a board and draw steps on it. We cut out the blanks with a jigsaw or saw.

We fasten the string with the lags using a tongue-and-groove connection.

We design the platform and steps

We screw or nail the deck sheathing boards to the joists. If desired, lay some kind of material on top of the boards. finishing coat– we focus on our preferences.

We attach risers and treads to the string. We start working from the bottom step. The procedure is simple: fix the riser, attach the tread to it, and so on until the end. For fixation we use self-tapping screws or a tongue-and-groove connection.

Arrange the railings and canopy at your discretion. Installation instructions for these elements have been provided previously. The sequence remains the same, you just need to replace supporting elements and cladding parts for similar products made of wood or other preferred material.

Prices for various types of construction boards

Construction boards

Good luck!

Video - DIY house porch

A concrete porch is one of the most durable. Thanks to concrete, it can withstand heavy loads and is resistant to abrasion. You can do it yourself, the main thing is to make accurate calculations and draw the project correctly. Drawings will help you build formwork faster and without errors. It is better to fill the porch yourself at the stage of building a private house, since it also requires a foundation. If it is attached to a rebuilt building, then it will require arrangement of the base and its connection with reinforcement to the foundation of the house.

When making calculations and drawing, you need to consider the following factors:

• The height of the porch is the distance from the ground to the bottom line of the threshold of the front door.
• The width is selected depending on the number of people in the house, and whether heavy and large items (furniture) will be carried through it. For one person, a width of 80 cm is sufficient; for two people to pass at the same time, a minimum of 100 cm is required.
• For comfortable ascent and descent, it is recommended to build an unpaired number of steps. Width – 25 cm, height is selected from 12 to 20 cm, depending on their total number and the height of the porch. The width of the steps is chosen so that the leg fits freely. Then the porch will be safe. It also takes into account who plans to walk on it. If there are elderly people and children, then the height of the steps is reduced to make the stairs more comfortable.
• To prevent the front door from touching the surface of the extension, it must be poured 5 cm below the threshold.
• If the porch is high, then places for installing railings or other fencing should be provided in advance.
• The march inclination angle is 27-45°.

A pre-made plan with a diagram will save time and correctly fill the porch for a private house, since everything will be described step by step.

Installation technology step by step

The construction of a porch consists of the following stages:

• drawing up a drawing with a diagram;
• site and soil preparation;
• marking;
• formwork assembly;
• concreting.

1. Preparing the site.

Regardless of the chosen construction scheme and technology, you should first carefully prepare the site. The old porch is completely dismantled and debris is removed. If it was made of brick, then the brick can be left nearby, as it will work as a filler. If shrubs or trees grew in this place, then everything is completely removed, including the roots. If this is not possible, it is recommended to process them chemicals. Sprouting plants can even damage concrete.

Before making a concrete porch, you need to calculate the required volume concrete mortar. You will need water, sand, crushed stone and cement. The components are mixed in following proportions– 1:2.2:3.7 (cement, sand, crushed stone). Cement grade – M500. Then the strength of concrete will be 300 kg/cm2. Reinforcing bars and wire for tying them are also prepared, waterproofing material, boards, plywood (sheets of metal), self-tapping screws, shovel, concrete mixer, building level, spatula and broken bricks.

2. How to build a foundation.

A strong and stable base is made from concrete mortar for the porch. To do this, dig a hole 30-70 cm deep. The depth depends on the degree of soil freezing and heaving. The foundation must be built 20-30 cm below the freezing level. The deeper the ground freezes in winter time, the deeper the hole. The width is dug a few cm wider than the porch.

A substrate is needed at the bottom of the pit; for this, sand and crushed stone are poured. First, sand is poured in a layer of about 10 cm and compacted. After which crushed stone 5 cm thick is poured. Thanks to such a pillow, the foundation of the concrete porch will be protected from groundwater, and it will make the foundation stronger. The entire backfill must be at least 10 cm wider than the foundation of the future building.

The formwork is made so that it can withstand the load from the weight of the concrete solution. The frame should completely follow the shape of the future porch. To assemble the formwork, boards, plywood, metal sheets and bricks are used. The boards must be strong and not overdried, otherwise they will burst under the weight of concrete, width - 200 mm, thickness - 20 mm.

The sides are mounted, supports and boards are installed for each step. There should be no gaps at the connection points to prevent water from leaking out of the concrete solution. You can additionally strengthen the sides using reinforcement rods by sticking them into the ground. Reinforcing bars are laid inside the formwork in increments of 20 cm. On the outside, the frame is covered with soil approximately 10 cm deep and compacted. After this, concreting begins.

4. Concrete pouring technology.

To increase the strength of the structure, not only reinforcing bars are used, but also broken stones and bricks. In addition, they help reduce concrete consumption. They are laid under the reinforcement. For mixing, it is best to use a concrete mixer, since a large amount of mixture is needed, and its quality will be higher. As soon as the solution is ready, it is immediately poured, as it sets quickly.

Concrete pouring begins from the bottom step. Each stage is treated with a vibration installation. It will help remove air and distribute the concrete evenly over the entire area of ​​the formwork. After which it is compacted and smoothed with a rule. The evenness of the surface will be checked building level. As soon as the concrete has hardened a little, they begin to pour the second stage and continue to rise higher. The formwork can be dismantled after about a week.

Filling the semicircular porch

Building a round or semicircular concrete porch with your own hands is somewhat more difficult than a square or rectangular one. The main difficulty is arranging the formwork for concreting. First you need to carry out calculations and make drawings. Platform width for semicircular porch should be at least 50 cm wider than the front door. Then 2 people can pass without colliding.

The midpoint from which all measurements are taken is considered to be the middle of the front door. It is from this that the lines of the steps are drawn on the drawing with a compass. The height of the steps for the porch is 16-18 cm. Higher is not recommended, since climbing such stairs will be uncomfortable and unsafe. The width of the treads should be from 26 to 30 cm, then it will be comfortable to stand on them. It is this number that is added each time to the drawing when the next steps are outlined. It is better to make the angle of the porch less than 40°.

To make a semicircular porch, you will need formwork, reinforcement and concrete mortar. It is better to mix the mixture in a concrete mixer. To build a semicircular formwork, you need a flexible and durable material. Plywood or galvanized sheet metal will do. To give plywood a bend, it is soaked in water and bent until desired angle. Then it is left to dry. But since this process takes a lot of time, it is more often used sheet metal– it is flexible and durable.

The semicircular porch is large in size and weight, so a reliable base is required. A hole is dug and sand and crushed stone are poured into the bottom. After this, the reinforcement is laid. The porch foundation must be connected to the base of the house. Therefore, holes are drilled in the walls and reinforcement bars from the porch frame are inserted into them. After this, concreting is carried out. After a few days, when the concrete has hardened sufficiently, it is covered with waterproofing and the construction of steps begins.

Curved formwork is installed on each step. Supports are installed for strength. The main thing is that the entire structure can withstand the weight of the concrete solution. Reinforcement is placed in the formwork and concrete is poured. For greater density, it is processed with a vibration unit, after which everything is leveled using a rule and left to harden.

After the concrete has fully gained strength, proceed to finishing. First, the surface is sanded to remove all irregularities and bulges.

The most suitable finishing material for a porch made of concrete is considered clinker tiles with a rough and anti-slip surface. It can withstand heavy loads and temperature changes. Not afraid of both frost and heat. When its surface is wet, you can safely walk on it without fear of slipping. The tiles are laid using glue, which must be diluted only according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Concrete or paving slabs. It has a low price, but over time it begins to crumble. Finishing material made of wood is most often used for finishing the porches of wooden houses.

To properly build a concrete porch for a private home yourself, you do not need to have construction skills. It is enough to follow the pre-drawn plan and installation instructions.

After pouring concrete for 3 or 4 weeks, it must be sprayed (watered) with water to better gain strength. If it dries too quickly, then some of the cement will not have time to react with water, which will reduce the strength characteristics of the entire structure. In addition, due to the excessively rapid evaporation of water, the concrete sets unevenly. As a result, cracks appear on its surface. It is recommended to fill each new stage only after the previous one has hardened - after about 4-5 days.

There are many materials for making a porch. Among them are wood, metal, stone. However, the strongest and most durable is a concrete porch. The procedure for its manufacture is characterized by certain difficulties and requires large quantity time, but the result is worth it. Let's look at how to make a concrete porch below.

Concrete porch: advantages and characteristics

Porch - business card of each dwelling, the process of its construction must be carried out at the stage of construction of the house itself. Although sometimes, the porch is built later.

At self-construction When installing a porch, you must strictly follow all technologies and recommendations, since an incorrectly made porch can destroy the foundation, lead to deformation or cracking of the walls, and subsidence of the house.

Choosing concrete as the main material for constructing a porch has the following advantages:

• long service life, which far exceeds products made of metal, stone or wood;
• concrete is not subject to corrosion, does not rot and does not lose its physical characteristics under the influence of precipitation;
• the use of reinforcement can significantly improve the strength characteristics of the porch;
• the concrete porch is resistant to mechanical stress, abrasion, and ultraviolet radiation;
• imagination is limitless in the process of making a concrete porch; it is possible to construct undulating steps, arched protrusions, etc.;
• to make this kind of porch you will need sand, crushed stone, cement and water, these materials are absolutely accessible and inexpensive;
• fire safety is also a very important advantage of a concrete porch, because unlike a wooden porch, such a porch is not prone to burning and the spread of fire;
• it is possible to finish the concrete porch with tiles, natural or piece stone, which will significantly improve its attractiveness appearance.

Construction of a concrete porch: types of porch

In relation to the shape of the steps, a concrete porch can be:

• trapezoidal;
• round;
• square;
• rectangular.

The shape of the porch directly depends on its type, size, shape of the house and other individual characteristics. In relation to the structural components, the porch can be:

• veranda-shaped;
• open;
• closed.

In addition, railings are installed on the porch, which make its appearance more complete and aesthetically attractive.

The final appearance of the porch directly depends on the individual characteristics of the building, the preferences of its owners, as well as financial investments. First stage Making a porch involves designing it, which we’ll talk about later.

How to make a concrete porch with your own hands: designing a porch

Before purchasing the materials and tools that will be needed for the work, you should first decide on the type and shape of the porch being manufactured. The steps for a concrete porch should be of such a size that it is comfortable to stand on them. In addition, the stairs should not be too narrow, since people go down and up the porch every day.

When making a concrete porch, the following parameters should be taken into account:

• the minimum width of a staircase opening is 85 cm, so one person will be able to move comfortably along it if the opening allows the construction of a staircase bigger size, then take advantage of this opportunity;
• the maximum angle of inclination of the stairs is forty-five degrees; if it is exceeded, the stairs will be too steep to descend, and there is a risk of injury during its operation;
• try to choose an odd number of steps;
• the optimal height of one step is 18 cm;
• the overhang of the steps over each other should not be more than three centimeters;
• the difference between the upper platform and the door should not be more than five centimeters;
• The size of the area in front of the entrance to the house should be such as to ensure optimal opening of the front door.

Building a concrete porch: choosing materials and tools

The procedure for making concrete for pouring a porch can be carried out in two ways:

• purchase of ready-made concrete mixture;
• preparing it yourself.

The first option is more expensive, but it has certain advantages. Factory-prepared concrete has better adhesion to the surface, there are no air bubbles, and after hardening it has higher strength and good performance characteristics. However, the cost of this solution is an order of magnitude higher than that of a composition prepared by hand.

Using a concrete mixer you can prepare a solution good quality, which will also have good technical characteristics. When making factory-mixed concrete, it is enough to purchase cement of grade 100 or 200, and when using a concrete mixer, it is necessary to use cement of grade no lower than 400.

In order to construct a concrete porch, you will need:

• purchased concrete or cement grade no lower than 400 for preparing concrete;
• sand and gravel for concrete mortar, if prepared independently;
• reinforcing bars, the diameter of which is about 65 mm;
• wires for tying reinforcement;
• boards from which it is necessary to construct formwork;
• beams, on which the frame part of the formwork will be based;
• nails;
• roofing felt

The following tools should be prepared to perform the work:

• perforator;
• grinder for cutting reinforcement;
• a hand vibrator that will be used to compact concrete;
• shovel;
• concrete mixer, in case of independent preparation of concrete solution;
• bucket;
• container in which the mixture will be mixed;
• hammer;
• roulette;
• level;
• board for leveling concrete.

DIY concrete porch: start of construction work

In the process of making a concrete porch, you must adhere to three basic principles:

• the height of the porch foundation should be identical to the height of the foundation of the building near which it is being built;
• mutual reinforcement will help connect the building with the porch into a single integral structure;
• To increase the service life of the porch, it should be carefully waterproofed at the base.

Work on the porch should begin with its design. To do this, you should use a ready-made project, develop it yourself, or ask for help from specialists. Each of these options has certain disadvantages and advantages. Using a ready-made project will reduce the cost of hiring a specialist; the porch will turn out to be of high quality and well planned. However, in finished project are not taken into account individual characteristics buildings.

Independent design of the porch allows you to build a structure that will meet all the individual preferences of the owners. However, completing the project requires enormous experience and the ability to carry out calculations. If there are the slightest errors, there is a risk of damage to the entire structure, not only the porch, but also the house.

Contacting specialists is the most optimal, but at the same time expensive option. Such a porch will be clearly designed to suit your individual preferences and features of the house. In addition, specialists will accurately carry out all calculations and help you achieve results in obtaining a high-quality and aesthetically attractive porch. The choice of one option or another remains up to the owners of the house.

After design comes the calculation process required quantity materials with which the porch will be built. To calculate the amount of concrete solution, you need to know the area of ​​the foundation. Measure its width, height and length, multiply the resulting values, the resulting number will be the volume of concrete that will be required for pouring. The same should be done with the stairs, calculate the volume of one step and multiply it by the number of steps.

When choosing fittings, it should be taken into account that standard length is 12 m. Calculate the total length of the reinforcing bars that will be laid on the porch and divide the resulting value by 12. The result will be the number of bars required to complete the reinforcement. Tip: The porch design should also indicate the location of the reinforcement, thus simplifying the procedure for calculating the reinforcement and its installation.

To arrange a cushion of crushed stone, you should measure the length and width of the base on which it will be arranged. Next, the obtained value is multiplied by 0.05 m, the resulting result will be the volume of crushed stone needed to construct the cushion. The same procedure is carried out with sand, however, 10 cm of sand will be required, that is, it must be multiplied by 0.1 m.

Advice: All obtained values ​​must be multiplied by 10, 15% to compensate for unplanned costs.

Concrete porch photo:

Once the project has been developed, the actual preparation of the foundation for the porch should begin. If you have an old porch, you should take care to destroy it and remove all the debris that remains as a result of this process. In addition, there should be no vegetation on the site.

The next stage involves digging a foundation pit for the porch. The foundation must be as deep as the foundation of the building itself. A cushion of sand and gravel is installed in the pit. sand layer should be gradually moistened with water and compacted well using special equipment.

After this, you should build formwork from boards and timber, make sure that the entire structure is even, since the shape of the porch will depend on it. In addition, poorly installed formwork will lead to destruction of the integrity of the entire structure. To fix the boards together, use self-tapping screws and anchor bolts.

The next stage of manufacturing the porch involves its reinforcement. In order to reinforce the surface, you will need reinforcing rods with a diameter of about 6-8 cm. To connect the rods to each other, wire is needed. Please note that holes are also made in the wall of the building, with the help of which the porch fittings are connected to the house, so the structure will be complete and unified.

The interval between the wires is about 100 mm, the reinforcement should rise above the foundation by 200 mm. After the reinforcement is completed, the process of pouring the porch with concrete follows. We'll talk about this further.

How to pour a concrete porch: technology

A layer of waterproofing is laid on top of the foundation; it is best to use roofing material or a special one for these purposes. PVC film. Before this, the porch is filled with a previously prepared solution based on cement and sand, in a ratio of 1:4. In addition, you must use a vibrator when working. This device will help improve the adhesion of the concrete solution to the surface and relieve the mixture of air bubbles that deteriorate its quality.

Depending on the drawing, formwork should be installed to fill the steps. IN this process There are certain subtleties:

• to arrange treads and steps, the formwork is installed strictly at a right angle;
• Please note that formwork requires stiffening ribs;
• the slope for the treads is about 0.6 cm, thus it will be possible to provide a drain for water during rain;
• the formwork for a semicircular porch made of concrete should be made of plywood, minimum thickness which is 3 cm;
• Roofing felt waterproofing should be installed at the bottom of the formwork.

After installing the formwork and installing the waterproofing, the process of reinforcing the steps is carried out. The reinforcement of the steps must also be connected to the house in order for the structure to be as complete as possible.

Advice: Optimal value The size of the step is width - 25 cm, height - 20 cm.

How to build a concrete porch: processing the finished porch

You have already learned how to make a concrete porch with your own hands, however, in order to improve the attractiveness of the appearance of this structure, you should also work hard.

To finish a concrete porch, materials are used in the form of:

• piece stone;
• natural stone;
• clinker tiles;
• porcelain stoneware

The choice of one type of material or another depends on the individual preferences of the home owners. In addition, it should be remembered that the porch should be in harmony with the overall style of the building.

After finishing the porch, railings are installed on it, if the number of steps on it is more than three. To prevent precipitation from entering the front door, it is recommended to install a canopy. There are a lot of options for its construction - brick, piece stone, metal, wood, polycarbonate.

Flowers, figurines, and additional accessories are installed on the porch to increase its aesthetic appeal and delight guests who come to the house.