You have decided to renovate your balcony. You naturally face the question of what type of glazing to choose. Currently, the miracle of construction thought can offer several options with different characteristics insulation from moisture, noise, heat preservation. I propose to dwell on each of them in more detail so that you can make the right and informed choice so that the balcony pleases you and meets the functions assigned to it. Warm or cold balcony- let's try to answer this question.

Cold balcony

IN summer time such a balcony can become a place for pleasant relaxation, a greenhouse or even a bedroom. IN winter period suitable, if only for storing some homemade preparations that are not afraid of frost. If you do not require more from this room, then you can safely choose this option. Most Popular modern type cold glazing is glazing with aluminum sliding frames.

Pros of a cold balcony:

• Strength, durability, lightness of construction. Due to the light weight of the structure, no additional strengthening of the slab or obtaining permission for installation is required. Suitable for balconies of old houses
• Sliding windows save space
• Easy to use. When it gets dirty, just wipe it with a damp cloth. Does not require additional care, painting, or treatment with special products
• Protect from noise, dust, rain, snow
• Keep warm. Provided that it is -15 outside the window, then on the balcony it will be -5
• The small thickness of the frame allows passage a large number of Sveta
• Variety of designs. Can choose required amount blind and opening sections
• Wide choice of colors. The frame can be made in any color at the request of the customer
• Possibility of installing a frame with an extension, which will increase the space of the balcony

Cold balcony without take-out

Cold balcony With take-out

A distinctive feature of a cold balcony is its efficiency. A balcony can be made for only 8,000 rubles, but the final price depends, of course, on the complexity of the project.

Cons of a cold balcony

• Insufficient thermal insulation. During the cold season, it will be only a few degrees warmer on the balcony than outside.
• In winter during severe frosts, ice may freeze, which will make it difficult to open the windows.

In addition, the cold type of balcony repair includes:

• Glazing with wooden frames. Every year it loses its popularity, as it requires annual additional care. Such windows must be painted and varnished. They do not have high insulating qualities.
• Panoramic glazing. New on the technology market. Looks original. Lets in a lot of light. Eco-friendly, safe. Full (from ceiling to floor) or partial (with parapet) glazing is possible.

Materials

When choosing a cold type of balcony, you need to pay attention Special attention on materials for finishing the walls and floors of the room. Wallpaper, drywall, and PVC panels are definitely not suitable for these purposes. They are not intended for rooms with temperature changes or high humidity. It's better to give preference wooden lining, PVC lining for external repair work, artificial stone.

As flooring You should not choose linoleum or laminate. They will quickly become unusable due to changing temperature and weather conditions. Most suitable option Will there be wood flooring or trim? floor tiles. It should be understood that a cold balcony does not require the use of additional insulating materials.

Warm balcony

This type of balcony makes it possible to use the room at any time of the year, in any weather conditions. Warm glazing is carried out using plastic windows. Single or double glazing.

The advantages of a warm balcony

• The main advantage is high insulation characteristics. No noise from the street will enter the room and the heat will remain. The temperature on the balcony will be almost the same as in the entire apartment.
• Expanding the possibilities of design imagination. Thanks to warm glazing, the balcony can be combined with a room or used as an office, relaxation area, small bedroom, or year-round flower garden.
• Strength, durability
• Easy to use
• Wide range of colors and options

Disadvantages of a warm balcony

• Heavy design. Because of heavy weight, installation of such frames in older houses requires additional consultation and permission. Weak balcony slabs may not support the weight of the structure
• A hinged window system can be a significant drawback on narrow balconies.
• Fat plastic frame reduces the amount of transmitted light
• Affordable, but higher cost compared to aluminum glazing. From 16,000 rubles
• Choosing a warm balcony involves additional finishing of the room with insulating materials. This, of course, will entail additional costs, and will also eat up precious centimeters of space. Among the most popular materials for insulating balconies are polystyrene foam, penoplex, and penofol. Insulation of walls and floors will cost approximately 400 rubles per square meter

It should be noted that to create a high-quality warm balcony you need two key ingredients: warm glazing, insulation with thermal insulation materials. One without the other will not work to the desired extent.

Middle balcony

There is a third option. It is neither warm nor cold. Located in the middle. Glazing is carried out with a plastic profile, but with sliding system windows The design is not so heavy. Protects against noise and heat loss to a greater extent than with aluminum glazing. The cost of this option varies from 11,000 to 16,000 rubles

In combination with finishing with insulating materials, a rather warm balcony can be obtained, especially if the room is equipped with additional heating devices.

Increasingly, when starting an apartment renovation, people are thinking about expanding the usable space. A warm loggia, which can be made with your own hands, can help in solving this issue. To do this, you need to completely insulate the structure.

All work on arranging a warm loggia can be divided into several stages that must be solved comprehensively: glazing, insulation and subsequent finishing. It is worth noting that when work is carried out with long breaks, its cost increases, since some aspects have to be redone. That is why it is recommended to do the insulation of the loggia with your own hands “in one go.”

Necessary measures to create a warm loggia

As already noted, arranging a loggia requires a set of measures, which includes the following steps:

1. Glazing;
2. Internal insulation;
3. Finishing work;
4. Heating installation.

All these events must be carried out in this order, then you will be able to make a really warm loggia.

Advice! In some cases, it is advisable to remove the front fence and lay it out again with your own hands using any lightweight concrete blocks - gas or foam blocks. This will allow you to remove the old unreliable design and apply modern materials for insulation.

Now on the Internet you can find many photos of ready-made insulated balconies, but we will look at each stage sequentially and what you can do with your own hands at each of them.

Glazing of the loggia

Without high-quality glazing there is no need to talk about a warm loggia. Plastic double-glazed windows are optimally suited for this purpose, the use of which on a balcony has some nuances:

• It is necessary to provide for the use of a special expansion profile, which will compensate for the thickness of the insulation layer and finishing.
• The absence of a window groove into which the frame is inserted forces the use of special linings that close the gap between the frame and the wall.
• Also, the balcony block must have ventilation valves in its design.

When ordering a double-glazed window for installation on a loggia, it is necessary to discuss these points. It is also advisable to entrust the installation to professionals, since installation by an untrained specialist can lead to the failure of the entire expensive structure in a very short time.

Insulation of the loggia

However, modern double-glazed windows alone cannot make a loggia warm; high-quality insulation is necessary. Insulation can be carried out both from the inside and outside, but the first option is more accessible to do it yourself. Although there are many types of insulation available in building materials stores, only a few of them are suitable for use on balconies.

Material selection criteria

• The main indicator is the thermal conductivity of the material, and the lower it is, the better. After all, it is this indicator that affects the effective thickness of the insulation layer.
• Low weight of insulation.
• Level of moisture resistance of the material.
• It is desirable that the material be breathable.

1. Penoplex (or polystyrene foam);
2. Styrofoam;
3. Mineral wool(pressed sheets are preferable to rolled material).

Vapor barrier insulation

After installing the insulation with your own hands, you must make a vapor barrier layer. His the main task– prevent the formation and accumulation of condensation in the insulation layer, which will positively affect its service life.

It is worth noting that many modern vapor barrier materials are produced on a foil base. The use of such materials makes it possible to further insulate the structure by reflecting heat waves.

Advice! When choosing material for insulation, you need to take into account the climatic conditions of the region, the purpose of the loggia and the budget allocated for this stage.

Interior decoration of the loggia

After the installation of the insulation is completed, it is time for finishing. For these purposes, you can use any material that involves fastening to wooden blocks(insulation battens). The most commonly used materials are:

• Plasterboard sheets;
• Various PVC panels;
• Laminated MDF panels and other similar materials.

Cladding with such materials is easy to do with your own hands, and examples of completed work and design solutions can be seen in the photo.

Solving the problem of heating a loggia

Another issue that needs to be resolved is maintaining a comfortable temperature on the balcony. For a loggia that is separated balcony block and is used as a separate room, for example, an office, additional source heat is needed.

The easiest to install with your own hands, modern and at the same time economical option is a film heated floor. The thin film is easy to spread and quickly assembled, does not require additional fixation and consumes very little electricity. In the photo you can see how easily and organically such a film fits into various loggia settings.

Advice! In the process of insulating the loggia, it is necessary to provide wiring electric cable and install several sockets. It's easy to do it yourself.

Having studied the material, it becomes clear that an insulated loggia is quite affordable option in terms of independent execution. All work, except for installing plastic double-glazed windows, can be easily done with your own hands. The reward for your efforts will be additional space that can be used all year round.

Owners of apartments with a loggia have an additional opportunity to make their home comfortable and cozy. A well-equipped, warm loggia can be used for various purposes by all family members. It can become a real living room.

Whatever you decide to place on the loggia - a study, winter Garden, dining area or a dressing room, it can become great opportunity apply your design talent. All stages of landscaping can be easily done with your own hands.

Preparation for landscaping

Transforming an ordinary loggia into a functional apartment space consists of several stages. First of all, you need to take out everything unnecessary, clear the floor and walls, remove the old covering (if any) and check the condition of all surfaces.

In older homes, it is very important that the subfloor is strong. When insulating, glazing and finishing the loggia, the load on it will increase significantly, so it may be necessary to strengthen the structure. The walls and ceiling must be smooth, dry and without cracks. Damaged areas can be repaired with your own hands using cement mortar.

The parapet and walls of the loggia are usually small in thickness. For good thermal insulation, you need to make additional masonry from brick or aerated concrete. After this, you should install reliable windows that can protect the room from the penetration of cold, dust and noise. Metal-plastic structures cope well with this task.

They must be selected taking into account the characteristics of the local climate. Window plastic profile may have different quantity cameras and additional insulation. It is resistant to external influences, durable and does not require special care. Double-glazed windows with two chambers retain heat better.

Insulation of the loggia

In order for the loggia to become one of the residential premises of the apartment, it is necessary to create appropriate temperature conditions. To do this, it is necessary to minimize heat loss through surfaces bordering the street and ensure air heating to a comfortable level.

Thermal insulation of surfaces

To insulate concrete base gender, perform the following sequence of actions:

• After the preparation described above, the floor surface and the lower part of the walls are treated liquid waterproofing. You can do this yourself using a brush or roller.
• Plates of insulating material are laid closely on the concrete base. Some brands of extruded polystyrene foam have a special groove that ensures a tight fit.
• All the cracks are filled polyurethane foam.

• The surface of the insulation is covered with polyethylene film.
• A screed is made on top of which the finishing will be done. If you plan to make a wooden floor, the logs can be laid directly on the insulation boards.

Advice! If you have chosen an electric heated floor system as a heat source, it can be placed under the screed on top of a layer of insulation and foil material. Infrared film can be laid under laminate or even carpet covering. You can do the installation of heated floors yourself, following the instructions on the package.

The surfaces of the ceiling, walls and parapet are insulated as follows:

1. Extruded polystyrene foam boards are glued to surfaces using polyurethane glue. Additionally, you can use disc dowels.
2. Cover the surfaces with foil polyethylene foam (for example, penofol), connecting the joints with construction tape.
3. Produce finishing depending on the selected material. It could be moisture resistant drywall, decorative plaster, wallpaper, lining or other material.

You can make your loggia cozy and comfortable with your own hands by providing high-quality thermal insulation and heating. Using modern materials that are available in all construction stores, this can be done quickly and without significant costs.

IN Lately The concept of expanding the living space of an apartment through a loggia is becoming increasingly popular. A warm loggia opens up many possibilities - you can move part of the kitchen space, place a rest room, equip a study, etc. It all depends on the preferences and personal taste of the apartment owners.

Insulation works

However, in order to make this room cozy and really warm, you will need to do whole line works This includes:

• Glazing.
• Sealing seams and joints.
• Insulation of floors, side walls and ceilings.
• Installation of heating systems.

To turn a balcony into a full-fledged living space, all insulation work must be carried out comprehensively and at the same time.

Let's look at how to make a loggia warm step by step.

Glazing

Glazing the loggia is the main condition for creating a thermal circuit that prevents the outside cold from penetrating inside. This is one of the most critical stages of work to transform this utility room apartments into a full room, so you should approach it as responsibly as possible.

First of all, the windows must be large enough, because through them the main part of the sunlight will flow into the interior rooms - the living room and the kitchen. How larger area glazing, the brighter it will be in the apartment during the day. But on the other hand, it is through the windows that the main heat losses in the room occur - than more windows, the more intense the heat exchange between the interior and the street will be. Therefore, windows for insulating a loggia should be chosen as warm as possible. If this plastic windows- then at least with a three- or four-chamber double-glazed window. If the windows are classic with wooden frames, then with double glazing.

Sealing seams

The next stage in insulating the loggia is sealing all seams and joints. If you leave at least small through gaps at the joints balcony structures, That cold air will penetrate under interior lining. This will be especially felt on windy winter days, when cold drafts can negate all the work on insulating the room. Therefore, before making a warm loggia, it is recommended to carefully examine the joints balcony slab, enclosing parapet and side walls. If cracks are found, you need to cover them with plaster or putty mortar.

Particular attention should be paid window structures. All joints between window units and the parapet and walls should be carefully sealed using polyurethane foam. On the sashes of wooden frames in places where they come into contact with window blocks it is necessary to glue the seal.

Wall insulation

After all the seams have been carefully sealed, you can begin work on insulating the external walls, ceilings and floors. At the same time, you should approach the insulation of everything with equal responsibility. internal space, with the exception of the wall between the balcony and the interior rooms of the apartment. If necessary, a balcony entrance group can be completely dismantled. On the one hand, this will improve the illumination of the apartment, and on the other hand, it will allow warm air, heated by central radiators heating system, enter the insulated balcony.

Work on arranging the thermal circuit should begin by covering the façade part of the loggia with thermal insulation materials - a fence railing or a brick parapet. Experts recommend attaching insulation to the outer part of the fence. Thus, the brick parapet will cool less in winter, and condensation will not form in the interior. But in practice, this DIY option is often not feasible due to the need to attract special equipment and specialists in high-altitude work.

In addition, if you decide to insulate the balcony with outside, appropriate permission must be obtained from management company or the city architectural committee. We should not forget that the facade of the building is common property.

Thermal insulation of the balcony from the inside

In this regard, insulation is often done from the inside. To do this, you can use almost any available thermal insulation - polystyrene foam, penofol, mineral slab and so on. The main thing is that the material has sufficient thermal insulation properties. It should be noted that it is not only the front fence of the loggia and the side walls that need to be insulated. Floors and ceilings should also be carefully covered with insulation. The fact is that uninsulated concrete plates, cooling in winter from the street air, they will take heat not only from the balcony room, but also from adjacent rooms.

A vapor barrier, for example, isospan, should be laid on top of the insulation. It will prevent condensation from penetrating into the room and prevent fogging of windows with accumulation of dampness. You can also use liquid waterproofing compounds for these purposes, which are applied to concrete and brick structures from the inside using a brush. As " finishing touch", on top thermal insulation material Internal decorative cladding made of plasterboard, lining, and laminated chipboard is attached to the walls and ceiling. The floors are covered with boards and any floor coverings.

The video below explains very well how to insulate a loggia:

To create and maintain a comfortable temperature, a heating system should be installed on the insulated balcony.

It should be taken into account that, according to the standards for the use of residential premises, apartment owners do not have the right to make changes to the circuits of the central heating system without approval.

That is, if you decide to install on the loggia heating radiators and connect them to the heating system of a residential building, this may result in a fine and a decision to restore the apartment’s heating system to its original state.

Loggia heating system

Therefore, the best solution is to install electric heating devices. Heaters and heat guns in this case it can hardly be considered as a constant source of heat due to the high electricity consumption. It is much more profitable to use the “warm floors” system. It consists of insulated wires placed under the floor, enclosed in a polymer film. When plugged in, they begin to heat up, giving off heat to the floor. The advantage of such a system is its greater efficiency in minimum costs electricity. “Warm floors” evenly heat the room, creating the most comfortable temperature in the lower half of the room.

Another option is refractors that work on the principle of infrared radiation. They are placed on the ceiling or at the top of the wall. When the system is turned on, the rays heat the surface of the walls and floor, creating the required temperature. When installing underfloor heating systems or infrared refractors, you should strictly follow the factory instructions. And finally, it should be remembered that only comprehensive work on insulating the loggia will make it possible to turn it into a full-fledged living space.

A balcony or loggia can be turned into a full-fledged room for various purposes. Insulation of these building elements will create additional usable area for your apartment, and will also reduce noise coming from the street. How to make a loggia or balcony a warm room? It is necessary to produce a series construction work, the main ones of which are to improve the thermal insulation properties of structures.

A balcony or loggia can be turned into a full-fledged room for various purposes. Insulating these elements of the building will create additional usable space for your apartment, and will also reduce noise coming from the street.

IN construction terminology a balcony is a platform with a fence protruding from the plane of the facade of the building. A loggia is a room built into façade wall and, unlike a balcony, it has enclosing capital structures.

Heat a balcony or loggia using central heating prohibited by construction and operating standards. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly insulate the walls, floor and ceiling of the room, and organize its heating in an autonomous version.

To do this, it is necessary to carry out the following list of works:

1. Install a parapet for solid foundation under glazing.
2. Glaze the room in a way that most effectively prevents the penetration of cold.
3. Seal existing seams and cracks with sealant or foam.
4. Provide waterproofing for structures. This will help prevent the formation of moisture and mold in certain areas of the room.
5. Install a thermal insulation surface on all concrete elements. Thermal insulation will become the main protection against external temperature influences.
6. Cover the walls and floor with a layer of internal waterproofing, which will be an additional barrier to moisture penetration.
7. Form a frame for sheathing.
8. Carry out final finishing.
9. If you plan to heat the balcony, an electric floor heating system is installed before finishing.

A rigid and durable base is required for balcony glazing. In old houses, parapets are made of rods and angles. On the outside they are lined with thin plastic, asbestos cement sheets etc. These structures are not suitable for installing glazing on them. A parapet made of foam block or light brick. When glazing with aluminum frames— foam block or frame made of antiseptic solid timber.

Foam blocks with a thickness of at least 100 mm are laid on a special solution, similar in composition to tile adhesive. This solution allows you to make seams minimum thickness, which enhances thermal insulation properties fencing. To connect the main wall and the masonry, long self-tapping screws are screwed into a plastic dowel pre-hammered into the wall as reinforcement. Such reinforcement is inserted through two rows of masonry.

Glazing of a balcony or loggia

Use of modern high-tech metal-plastic structures, double-glazed windows (single- and double-chamber) most increases thermal insulation qualities premises

The use of modern high-tech metal-plastic structures and double-glazed windows (single- and double-chamber) greatly increases the thermal insulation qualities of the room. Apply and wooden frames. The wood is coated with antiseptic and moisture-resistant paint.

The main frame structures are equipped with extensions (expansion profiles). They expand the distance from glass to ceiling and wall. This will facilitate subsequent insulation finishing of these areas. Their size is selected taking into account the thickness of the finishing layer, which must be at least 7 cm. There is a way to install a second row of glazing for loggias. An additional profile is mounted into which single- or double-chamber double-glazed windows are installed.

Sealing cracks in balcony structures

To seal structures, you can use any materials for this purpose that are available on the market. Preference is given to polyurethane mastics, foams and sealants that have the required hardening time.

To seal structures, you can use any materials for this purpose that are available on the market. Preference is given to polyurethane mastics, foams and sealants that have the required hardening time. Germaflex, germatubil and other materials are used. Large holes are pre-sealed with improvised means, for example, polystyrene foam. Gaps in double-glazed structures are eliminated.

An open foam seam on the street side is not allowed.

Polyurethane foam breaks down when exposed to sunlight, gets wet and freezes. The seams are closed with sealant or special “flashings”.

Waterproofing. Materials and installation methods

Traditionally, time-tested and affordable roofing felt is used as a waterproofing material. Among modern insulators, foil isolone is widely used. Its thickness is only 4 mm, but it serves as additional insulation. The materials are laid overlapping. A torch is used to seal the seams. With its help, roofing felt is also glued to the ceilings.

To secure such protective materials, special adhesive compositions. The selected adhesive should not contain tolulene. It is contraindicated for these types of insulation. The seams are sealed with self-adhesive tape or sealant. The internal waterproofing is fixed together with the insulation with dowels or glued to it. Penetrating and coating compounds enhance the waterproofing properties of structures. Measures to protect against moisture penetration also include the installation of ebb, which blocks the access of water under the frame structure of the window.

Installation of the thermal insulation layer

When choosing insulation, they are guided by its thermal conductivity coefficient. As it increases, the thermal insulation properties of the material deteriorate. The average value of this indicator for such premises is 0.03-0.04 W/m°C. Materials with improved thermal insulation properties are more expensive, but due to their smaller thickness, useful balcony space is saved.

Extruded polystyrene foam, in particular Penoplex and Technoplex, is increasingly being used for insulation of premises. These materials are light weight, 5 cm thick, do not crumble and can be cut with a regular knife. Traditional mineral wool is used, but a thicker layer of insulation is required. Installing foam sheets is inexpensive.

Modern high-tech materials are isolon, tepofol, penofol and others. They are a reflective type of insulation and are made from polyethylene foam encased in an impermeable foil shell.

Foam and polystyrene sheets are mounted with glue or using plastic dowels. The glue is applied with a notched trowel over the entire surface of the base and in several places of the insulation board. Fastening with dowels is carried out along the perimeter of the sheet with the calculation of 8-10 fastenings per 1 m 2. The seams are sealed with polyurethane foam. Mineral wool is usually installed using plastic dowels.

Decorating a loggia or balcony

The ceiling is finished in the same way. Plasterboard sheets are subsequently painted or wallpapered. You can improve the design of the room by using PVC panels of various colors.

A cozy loggia or balcony should be decorated in accordance with the interior of other rooms. After high-quality insulation measures, you can apply different kinds materials. For fastening finishing material frames are formed on the walls from wooden blocks (30 x 30 mm) or from a profile used for installing drywall. Sheathing is done with plasterboard or clapboard. The ceiling is finished in the same way. Plasterboard sheets are subsequently painted or wallpapered. You can improve the design of the room by using PVC panels of various colors.

50 x 50 mm bars are used as floor joists. The floor is sheathed with 30 mm thick boards, laminate or chipboard. When equipping the floor heating elements wood coverings do not apply.

Installation of heated floors on the balcony

To make the balcony warmer, you can use electrical devices heating. There are the following main systems for heating the floor of a loggia or balcony:

• cable heating device;
• heating mats;
• film infrared floor.

If possible, do it on the balcony floor cement screed, two- or single-core wires are placed in it cable sections to a depth of 30 mm. The screed itself must be at least 45 mm thick. Flooring is suitable as a covering tile or porcelain stoneware.

If the floor slab is not designed for loads from concrete screed, heating mats or film are used to heat the floor infrared systems. If you use this high-tech equipment for floor heating, having previously carried out all the heat protection work, instead of a cold area you will have a cozy loggia or balcony.