The world around us Test “Plants” native land» Grade 3 1. Which plant has fruits equipped with hooks and trailers? A). burdock b). goose onion c). sleep grass d). coltsfoot 2. This shrub is often found in our spruce forests. It is often transplanted from the forest to city parks and squares for its beauty: the leaves are oval, located opposite on dark gray branches, bright green on top and pale green below. When it blooms, it seems that the whole bush is strewn with stars. A). blueberries b). blueberry c). honeysuckle d). barberry 3. Guess the riddle about the most common tree in our region: Green Beauty is famous throughout the area. The sundress is like a bell, along the ground and dragged. The hat has a brim and a pointed crown. A). pine b). larch c). birch d). spruce 4. An amazing plant of the spruce forest. It could be called a flower - seven flowers. A). blueberries b). mine c). weekday d). oxalis 5. This delicate herbaceous plant of the spruce forest does not tolerate harsh light, blows, or loud screams. Blooms in May – June. And when it fades, in place of the flowers, fruits are formed - boxes, and in them there are very small, almost like specks of dust, seeds.

A). sorrel b). weekday c). mine d). blueberry 6. A plant with dark green leaves shaped like a hoof. A). anemone b).hoof c). lungwort d). goose onion 7. Guess the riddle about the plant listed in the Red Book. The smell of forest freshness is brought to us in late spring by a fragrant, delicate flower from a snow-white brush. A). swimsuit b). primrose c). lily of the valley d). oxalis 8. This plant is never green, most often grayish-white, grayish-greenish, and sometimes yellow. It grows very slowly. This plant has no stems, leaves, or roots. A). cat's paws b). heather c). thyme d). lichen 9. This plant is also called lumbago. Its flowers are very beautiful. Each plant has only one - a large bright lilac bell with bright yellow stamens. The flower appears before the leaves. A). cat's paws b). thyme c). sleep grass d). lichen 10. This plant looks very ordinary, but when you touch it, it’s so amazing: one side of the leaves is warm and covered with soft down, and the other is smooth and therefore cold. A). cat's paws b). goose onion c). dream grass

G). mother and stepmother 11. Where there is a lot of this plant, from a distance it seems that there is a curly skin in large curls lying on the ground. Hence the other name - rams. A). primrose b). goose onion c). sleep grass d). mother and stepmother 12. Guess the riddle about the most common plant in the region: The slender beauty is famous in all countries: White clothes, Gold earrings, With an unbraided braid Washed with dew. The wind moves the strands - it does not order them to be braided. A). maple b). birch c). willow d). aspen 13. Evergreen shrub. A). blueberries b). lingonberry c). honeysuckle d). blueberry 14. This plant is beautiful, but poisonous. A). goose onion b). swimsuit c). lily of the valley d).lungwort Keys to the test: 1 – a, 2 – c, 3 – d, 4 c, 5 – a, 6 – b, 7 – c, 8 – d, 9 – c, 10 – d, 11 – a, 12 – b, 13 – b, 14 – b.

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MADOU Kindergarten general developmental type with priority implementation of activities in the artistic and aesthetic direction of development of pupils No. 12 “Happy Island” PLANTS OF THE NATIVE LANDSCAPE

CALMUS SWAMP Calamus grows along the banks of rivers and reservoirs on muddy, sandy soil. The root contains an essential oil that has a spicy scent. The leaves contain vitamin C. The roots are used in the production of liqueurs, bitter vodkas, fruit essences, syrups (as a substitute for ginger, cinnamon, nutmeg). Used in perfumery and soap making. Aromatic jam is made from the bases of leaf blades. Calamus decoction is used to stimulate appetite in both humans and animals.

Lingonberry I am not a fir or a spruce, But in my native forest land I am green all year round, I do not recognize the cold. (cowberry)

Birch Birch trees are very tall. The trunks are white with black dots. Trees shed in spring upper layer birch bark On the white birch bark, dark lines and stripes are clearly visible, through which the birch tree breathes: in the heat, they open and let air through to the roots of the trees. He loves sunlight, space, and is not afraid of frost. Lives for a very long time, 150-180 years. Animals and birds drink birch sap with pleasure (bears, ants, butterflies, finches, robins, tits, woodpeckers). The hare likes to feast on birch bark and young twigs. From birch bark they wove bast shoes, baskets, tueski for berries and mushrooms, and made birch bark horns on which shepherds played. In ancient times, people wrote letters on birch bark.

Crow's Eye The breeze blew, the blades of grass swayed, and it was as if a black, attentive bird's eye looked at you from the grass. This is a berry. Just don’t put it in your mouth, it’s very dangerous - IT’S POISONOUS.

Cornflowers Cornflowers look into the sky with blue eyes. The spikelets are golden. The rye comes in waves. A Ukrainian legend tells: a beautiful mermaid fell in love with the blue-eyed peasant boy Vasily and began inviting him into the river with her. But no matter how much Cornflower loved her, he couldn’t, didn’t want to leave his field, his land. “Oh, so,” the mermaid got angry, “well, be you forever in your field!” And turned him into blue flower. But from time to time she rises above the blue wave and peers into the field. To see the blue eyes of the cornflower.

Oak Touching the clouds with its gray head, the Oak stands mighty with an age-old thought. The storm suddenly whistles like a black bird through the crown. The oak tree stands calm, like a king wearing a crown. Looks into the skies of everyone in the area above! He knows a lot of songs and hears a lot of fairy tales.

Oregano Medicinal plant.

Spruce What kind of girl is this: Not a seamstress, not a craftswoman, She doesn’t sew anything herself, But she wears needles all year round? (spruce) Spruce wood is used for the best types of paper, artificial silk, wool, leather, alcohols, glycerin, and plastics. White, slightly shiny spruce wood is indispensable in the manufacture of musical instruments.

Strawberry On the ground in the grass it turns red It becomes sweeter, it sings Tasty, but not big The berry is... (Strawberry) The berry is pleasant, Very aromatic. Look under the bush, it’s red there - ... (strawberries)

The willow is still foggy and dull in the forest, but above the river, under the cliff, it is dressed in golden down, and the willow has loosened its curls. It was as if a cloud had descended from the sky onto small buds, turned green and turned into living warm lumps. Willow has a smooth silver trunk and narrow oblong leaves. Flowers (willows) are covered with fluffy hairs. Willow loves moist soil and grows along the banks of rivers, lakes, and streams, on the slopes of ravines. Willow is valued for early willow honey and for its flowers, from which medicines are prepared to treat wounds and abscesses. Man uses willow branches to weave baskets, boxes, and furniture.

Nettle Leaves and stems are covered with many stinging hairs, they contain stinging cells containing a caustic liquid. Its shoots and leaves are edible, they are rich in vitamins A, C, K. Nettle stops bleeding.

Maple Autumn swirled with red snowstorms, Golden leaves flew from the maples. The motley round dance of leaves closed, The first thin ice began to glisten on the puddles.

Bell Ding-dong, ding-dong! A gentle chime flows, Like a meadow bell ringing in the wilderness of the forest.

Linden Linden is a remedy for colds. Everyone knows about it everywhere. Although the linden color is inconspicuous, there is no tea that is healthier. For sore throats and colds, they drink healing linden tea.

Lily of the Valley Po ancient legend, Princess Volkhova fell in love with the young man Sadko, while Sadko gave his heart to the girl of the fields and forests, Lyubava. The saddened Volkhova went ashore and began to cry. And where the princess’s tears fell, lilies of the valley grew - a symbol of purity, love and pain of a tender girl’s heart. Fairy tales say that the lily of the valley is the sprouted beads from Snow White’s scattered necklace and the happy silver laugh of the mermaid Mavka, which rolled like pearls through the forest when she first felt the joy of love.

Raspberries Amaze everyone for colds Grew in the garden... (raspberries)

Coltsfoot Blooms before all herbs. A low stem covered with soft fluff that protects the flower from the cold; brown, sharp, scale-like leaves are tightly pressed to the stem. The flowers are collected in a large inflorescence because each flower individually is too small and fragile to withstand bad weather. Grows in sunny clayey ravines, in garden beds. Bees and bumblebees, waking up after a long winter, fly to the coltsfoot flowers for honey. Leaves applied to the chest attract heat. It is useful to drink an infusion (tea) to cleanse the lungs.

Dandelion The sun dropped a golden ray The first young dandelion grew It is green. golden color He big sun small portrait.

Plantain Healer grew up by the road - he heals sick legs. (plantain) Perennial herbaceous plant. They called it that because it settles along different roads and is not afraid of the heat. Plantain leaf is used in the form of lotions to heal wounds.

Rowan Trunk with light gray smooth bark. The leaves are openwork, round, with jagged edges. Blooms in May. The fruits are bright red, with juicy pulp. Photophilous. Rowan berries are eaten by thrushes, tits, starlings, waxwings, crows, hedgehogs, moose, and bears. Jam and juice are prepared from rowan berries. The rowan tree is blooming - it’s time to sow flax. Rowan blossoms in a row - there will be a lot of oats. Late flowering of rowan - for a long autumn. If rowan grows, rye will be good.

Chamomile Sisters standing in the field, Yellow eye, White eyelashes. (Chamomile) Perennial plant. Propagated by seeds and division of rhizomes. In nature it grows on sunny forest edges, clearings, clearings, meadows and fields. A person grows in flower beds. Bees, butterflies, and bumblebees see the daisy from afar and fly to it for honey.

Pine What kind of girl is this: Not a seamstress, not a craftswoman, She doesn’t sew anything herself, But she wears needles all year round. (Pine)

Poplar Poplar is a tall slender tree with greenish-gray smooth trunks and a thick green crown. At the end of May, catkin inflorescences appear on the trees. Then they ripen and burst, and a poplar snowstorm sweeps the streets. Poplar is unpretentious and grows very quickly. Poplar wood is used to make paper, and poplar buds are used to produce creams, perfumes and colognes.

Horsetail prefers sandy, fairly rich, moderately moist soils. The plant has a hemostatic effect. Horsetail powder is used to sprinkle wounds and ulcers on domestic animals. The shoots are edible. Colors wool yellow and green.

Bird cherry blossom, green bird cherry, blossom! Like a princess in a fairytale outfit, Scattering strands of inflorescences in the wind, Rustle like fragrant crayons! And let no one bring an ax, cut you down or cripple you, and let no one crush your wedding dress - the wedding dress of the Spring Princess. The trunk is covered with dark rough bark, oblong leaves. It blooms in May and stands like a bride in a white lace dress. The smell of bird cherry is strong and intoxicating, repels flies and mosquitoes from the tree, and kills many harmful microbes. Jam and jelly are made from the berries.

Rosehip I am so similar to a rose, Except that it is not so good, But my fruits are suitable for everyone to eat. Shrub with sharp thorns. Blooms with white or pink flowers. It grows in the forest and can also be grown by humans. The fruits are red, very rich in vitamins. Rosehip oil is used to treat wounds and burns.

Material overview

Introduction

Our world is beautiful, spacious and for the most part accessible to every inhabitant of the Earth. Covered with lush fields, endless oceans and forest expanses, lined with highways and railways, routes of air passenger lines and steamship routes, ready to transport a person to any place globe, the world is becoming increasingly domesticated.

Plants give us everything. Herbs, trees and shrubs are our food, medicine, cosmetics, clothing, fragrances, witchcraft, magic and talismans. Health, beauty of face and body, peace of mind and resistance to stress depend on the life-giving power of plants. Plants are just as alive as we are, they drink the same water, bask in the same sun and feed on the same juices of the earth.

Plants can be useful and dangerous at the same time, it all depends on the dosage and method of application. Each plant has obvious and secret power. We all grew up on wonderful stories and fairy tales about mandrake root, ferns and the Scarlet Flower. Or maybe all this is true?

After all, since time immemorial, people have used plants to treat a wide variety of diseases. Medicinal plants were repeatedly glorified, even in poetic form. For example, the 10th century poem “Odo of Mena” describes the medicinal properties of more than 100 medicinal plants. The saying of the medieval scientist, philosopher and physician Avicenna is also world-famous: “The doctor has three weapons: the word, the plant, the knife.” Unfortunately, archaeological excavations were unable to reveal to humanity the medicinal plants of antiquity, which had decayed without a trace for many millennia. However, surviving sculptural images and the first written monuments of India and China, as well as the long-vanished civilizations of the Middle East and Egypt, indicate the use of plants for medicinal purposes.

And in this moment many plants are used for medicinal purposes.

The most common and frequently used medicinal plants include the leaves of mint, thyme, oregano, wormwood, St. John's wort, as well as their combinations. However, medicinal herbs require a professional approach. You need to collect them on time, know how to dry them and where to store them. Harvesting such herbs requires individual approach, since these are poorly cultivated plants. For example, calendula ripens unevenly, and can be harvested several times. Many medicinal herbs, such as ginseng, require special care.

Today in the world there are about 12,000 medicinal plants that have healing properties and are used in both traditional and folk medicine. At the same time, medicinal plants are often perfectly combined with other types of treatment.

But medicinal plants are used not only for therapeutic purposes, but also for preventive purposes, for example, to cleanse the body. Regular cleansing is one of the secrets of people who, even in old age, can boast of excellent physical and mental health.

Unfortunately, there are fewer and fewer people left who are the custodians of folk medical knowledge, although interest in them does not disappear. Therefore, the purpose of our work is: to study and summarize information about medicinal plants growing in our area, their use in modern world for the treatment and prevention of various diseases.

Job objectives:

1) conduct a survey of medical workers and residents of the city of Rovenki in order to find out whether medicinal plants are currently used;

2) study popular scientific literature about the properties of medicinal plants;

3) compile a book “Medicinal Plants of the Native Land”;

4) hold an “Ecological matinee”

4) promote wider use medicinal herbs– make fragrant pillows

5) become familiar with the preparation of tea using medicinal plants.

An object: medicinal plants growing in the vicinity of Rovenki

Item: medicinal properties of medicinal plants and their use.

I. Literature Review

1.1. History of the use of medicinal plants

There is probably not a single country on Earth in which there are no myths, fairy tales or legends about plants. And this is no coincidence. Admiring the beauty of magnificent flowers and mighty trees, ancient man thought about what supernatural forces gave birth to them. According to the mythology of many peoples, plants were created by the almighty gods of fertility, who patronized herbs, flowers and trees.

In Ancient Egypt, the god of vegetation was Nefertum, in Ancient Babylon - Tammuz (Dumuzi), in Ancient Greece- Demeter, Proserpina and Dionysus, and in Ancient Rome- Flora and Bacchus. Myths about plants also reflected people’s ideas about the annual change of seasons and the unity of life and death in nature.

Myths and tales about plants played an important role in the folklore of our ancestors - the ancient Slavs. Let us recall, for example, the famous pagan holiday of Ivan Kupala, which was held at the time of the summer solstice. Many people know that this holiday is associated with the legend of a blooming fern. However, not everyone knows that according to the same legends, on the night of Ivan Kupala, a magical gap-grass grows for just a few moments. The ancient Slavs believed that with the help of this wonderful plant one could find countless treasures and open the doors of any dungeon.

Magical, miraculous properties were attributed to plants in many cultures.

Already primitive man, instinctively or by chance, began to distinguish plants that could be used to reduce pain or to treat wounds and ulcers. In this sense, ancient people acted like animals who find plants in their habitat that help cure certain ailments.

One of the first written references to the use of plants for medicinal purposes comes from Egyptian papyri, which date back to the 16th century BC. The age of Chinese medical sources is even older - they date back to the 26th century. BC e. However, a real breakthrough in the field of research into the medicinal properties of plants was made in Ancient Greece, where many outstanding botanists, doctors and naturalists lived and worked. Hippocrates (5th century BC), who is considered the father of Western medicine, made an attempt not only to describe the properties of medicinal plants, but also to explain their healing effects. He divided all edible and medicinal plants into “cold”, “hot”, “dry” and “wet”, according to the four “elements”, the existence of which he postulated as the fundamental basis of the world - earth, water, air and fire. It was these four fundamental properties that he considered the main ones in any living organism and believed that from their balance, as well as from proper nutrition And physical exercise human health depends. In many ways, his views coincided with the views of the ancient healers of China.

At the beginning of our era, Roman doctors continued research into the healing properties of plants. The classic work of the physician Dioscorides “On Medicinal Herbs” and the multi-volume treatise of the commander and naturalist Pliny the Elder “Natural History” have been a reference reference for European doctors for more than 1500 years. The Roman scientist Claudius Galen, court physician to Emperor Marcus Aurelius, developed and systematized the Hippocratic theory of “body fluids.” His teaching dominated medicine for several centuries.

With the fall of the Roman Empire, the center of medical science moved to the East, and the development of the Galenic system continued mainly in Constantinople and Persia. The most important work of that time was the “Canon of Medical Science” by the Arab scientist Ibn Sina (Avicenna). In the 12th century. this treatise was translated into Latin and for many centuries remained one of the main medical aids in medieval Europe.

In the Middle Ages in Europe, herbalism and healing were mainly carried out by the church. In numerous monasteries, growing so-called “pharmacy gardens” and caring for the sick were considered part of the Christian duty of the monks. At the same time, prayers in treatment were given no less a role than medicinal herbs, and in early herbalists, appropriate prayers were certainly attached to recipes. Although this created fertile ground for quackery and superstition, the monasteries managed to preserve and pass on to future generations the medical and botanical knowledge of previous centuries.

During the Renaissance, with the advent of the first botanical gardens and the discovery of the New World, the number of plants used in medicine expanded, and the invention of the printing press contributed to the popularization of medicinal and botanical works. As this knowledge went beyond the walls of the monasteries, everything higher value began to acquire practical healing skills in the traditions of Hippocrates.

In Rus', like other peoples, the healing properties of plants have been known since ancient times. The pagan worldview that dominated Ancient Rus', gave the treatment a supernatural character. Therefore, treatment using a small set of medicinal herbs was carried out by healers, sorcerers, magicians, i.e. people, according to popular understanding, who know how to act on evil spirits. Common medicines were wormwood, nettle, horseradish, ash, juniper, plantain, birch, etc. For a long time in Moscow, everything necessary for the treatment of various diseases was sold.

In the minds of many of our contemporaries, medicinal plants (“medicinal herbs”) are something extremely outdated, a relic of ancient times. Our age of electronics and automation, semiconductors and polymers seems poorly compatible with bundles of dried herbs, from which humanity in the past waited with blind faith for miraculous healings. The successes of synthetic chemistry, the ability to create tens and hundreds of thousands of new, never before existing in nature, organic compounds instilled faith in the omnipotence of chemical synthesis. But medicinal plants can not only cure, but also maintain our body in good tone, increase efficiency, free up the resources that our body spent on fighting diseases, and improve the quality of life.

Nature has taken care to provide its creations with miraculous features. Our great-grandmothers were well versed in natural medicines, but we completely lost sight of all this. Of course, this does not mean that we should downplay the importance of the level of modern medicine. But being able to understand some of the medicines that nature itself provides us will also not be amiss.

1.2 . Pharmacological properties of plants

ANDlearning experience traditional medicine with its numerous range of therapeutic agents, analysis of their action makes it possible to modern development phytochemistry, pharmacology and the latest laboratory technology to identify new, previously unknown medicinal components in them and include them in the arsenal of medications in modern medical practice.

Despite the many synthetic and antibiotic substances used in modern medicine, interest in treatment with traditional medicine has not disappeared; moreover, it is last decades has increased significantly, which is to some extent explained by the increase in allergic reactions to taking synthetic drugs. Many patients, especially in rural areas, where centuries-old experience of traditional medicine is still preserved, are more willing to resort to treatment with infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs. After all, medicinal plants are effective remedy treatment and prevention of many diseases, Rational herbal medicine normalizes the activity of the nervous system, regulates arterial pressure, blood supply to the brain, improves sleep, increases performance.

As a rule, medicinal plants and preparations prepared on their basis have a much gentler effect on the body than synthetic drugs. Medicinal herbs have less side effects, how chemicals. They rarely cause allergic reactions. If necessary, skillfully prepared infusions can be taken for years without harm to the patient, which is especially important for chronic diseases.

Patients who have been on a strict diet for a long time and at the same time take herbs do not suffer from vitamin deficiencies, since the herbs contain a complex of natural vitamins in a combination that is optimal for the body. In addition, infusions of medicinal plants restore normal intestinal microflora and eliminate dysbacteriosis.

Medicinal herbs, especially their mixtures, also have the advantage over synthetic drugs that they retain the original complex of natural medicinal principles. It is known that in plants various combinations contains alkaloids, amino acids, antibiotics, vitamins, glycosides, tannins, organic acids, fats, trace elements, pigments, mucus, resins, phytoncides, essential oils and some other substances. This explains the complex normalizing effect of medicinal plants on the entire body as a whole. In our work, we studied in detail the most common plants that are used by residents of our city for medicinal purposes.

Chamomile

Chamomile has been used for centuries as a medicinal plant primarily for the gastrointestinal tract. In ancient Egypt, it was dedicated to the sun mainly because of its healing properties. It is used throughout the world in the form of tea and is valued as a therapeutic remedy for the kidneys, spleen, bronchitis, colds, dropsy, etc. The fresh plant has a strong apple aroma, which is why the Greeks called it Hamomili, which means “earth apple”. The Spanish call it Manzanilla, which means "little apple." Parts used: Flowers.

Application: Chamomile is used externally to accelerate wound healing and treat inflammation. Internally used for fever, indigestion, insomnia and stress. Clinical studies have shown that the use of chamomile in the form of tea has a calming effect. Well known beneficial features chamomile for eye diseases such as conjunctivitis. Chamomile helps prevent stomach ulcers and speed up their healing. Chamomile is widely used for wound care. Chamomile essential oil accelerates the healing of burns. It also fights fungi and bacteria that cause various infections. Immune system: Chamomile increases the activity of white blood cells in our immune system. Chamomile essential oil stimulates weak hair and gives it natural shine. Chamomile bath is a wonderful soothing and tonic. Boil a handful of flowers in a pan of water. Strain and pour into a bath of water. Half an hour in such a bath will refresh you and fill you with energy.

Peppermint is an aromatic plant that originates from the Middle East. Arabs have been drinking mint tea for centuries to stimulate sexual potency. Hippocrates and Avicenna noted the medicinal properties of peppermint. Pliny mentions that the ancient Greeks and Romans wove wreaths from mint and decorated their heads with them on various holidays, and also used it in the production of wine. Parts Used: Leaves, aboveground part plants. Application: Since ancient times, peppermint has been used for stomach diseases and intestinal disorders. Soothes intestinal bloating and increases the secretion of gastric juice, thereby helping with indigestion and intestinal colic. The essential oil contained in peppermint leaves has a mild soothing effect on intestinal diseases, relieves pain from duodenal ulcers and eliminates the feeling of nausea in people suffering from seasickness. Peppermint is also a very effective sedative for nervous and heart diseases, relieves toothache, and removes bad breath. For severe headaches, you can apply fresh peppermint leaves to your forehead.

Calamus common

Common names: mystic root, sweet calamus, yaver, reed calamus, Tatar potion, flatbread, cinquefoil, kolmus.

A perennial herbaceous plant with a thick creeping rhizome. The stem is flattened, sharp along one edge. The leaves are long, linear, xiphoid, pointed. The flowers are small, greenish-yellow, collected at the top of the stem into a cylindrical spadix. The rhizome is brown in color, has a peculiar strong aromatic odor and bitter taste. Blooms from late May to July.

Applicable part. Rhizome and leaves. Rhizomes are collected in early spring and late autumn, leaves in June - July.

Rhizomes in the form of decoction, infusion and tincture are used as a bitter to stimulate appetite, enhance the secretion of gastric juice, increase the biliary function of the liver, and tone the gallbladder. An infusion of rhizomes is used as a tonic, restorative, antifever and expectorant.

Periwinkle.

An evergreen subshrub with a cord-like, horizontal rhizome 50-70 cm long, branched at depth, with bundles of thread-like vertical roots at the nodes. The stems are of two types: vertical 30-35 cm high and vegetative - horizontal with elongated internodes, 100-150 cm long, branched, rooting at the nodes. The leaves are opposite, short-petiolate, elliptical, usually sharp, shiny, leathery, glabrous, green above, grayish below. The flowers are solitary, axillary, on long peduncles. The fruits are cylindrical two-leafed with numerous seeds. Blooms in May, bears fruit in June.

Application. It has been used in folk medicine since ancient times. In the Middle Ages it was considered a symbol of eternity and constancy. Used as an astringent, hemostatic and wound healing agent.

Vinca preparations have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the heart and increase the resistance of capillaries.

Sandy immortelle

Common names: immortelle, yellow tsmin, sandy tsmin, dried flower, gray flower, scrofula, yellow cat's paws.

Description. A perennial herbaceous plant that forms dense tufts with a woody rhizome. Stems are straight, unbranched. The leaves are oblong. The flowers are small, lemon yellow or orange, collected in inflorescences. The plant has a peculiar smell. Blooms from late June to September.

Application. Sandy immortelle is an ancient traditional medicine. Infusion and decoction of flowers are considered one of the most popular choleretic drugs; they are widely used for various liver diseases, jaundice, inflammation of the bladder, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, especially childhood colitis. A decoction of flower baskets is also recommended to be taken for radiculitis and numbness in the legs.

Hawthorn blood red

A tall shrub (up to 4 m) or a small tree with purple-brown branches with straight spines. The leaves are alternate, with stipules, short-petiolate, with a coarsely toothed edge. The flowers are white (with an unpleasant odor), collected in corymbose inflorescences. The fruits are spherical or oblong, soft, fleshy, blood-red, with a sourish taste. Blooms in May - June. The fruits ripen in August - September.

Hawthorn is known as an effective remedy for heart disease, insomnia, headaches, dizziness, and high blood pressure. Clinical studies have shown its effectiveness in functional disorders of the heart, atrial fibrillation, angina pectoris, and Graves' disease. Both flowers and fruits of the plant are used.

Valerian officinalis

A perennial herbaceous rhizomatous plant with fibrous roots and an erect stem. The leaves are opposite, imparipinnately compound, with ovate-lanceolate leaflets. The flowers are lilac, pale pink or almost white, small, fragrant, collected in corymbose-paniculate inflorescences. The fruit is a small flat achene. Blooms in June - July.

Application. Valerian is the oldest medicinal plant. Its drugs reduce the excitability of the central nervous system, relieve spasms, dilate the blood vessels of the heart, and lower blood pressure. Infusion and tincture from roots and rhizomes are used for disorders of the nervous system, insomnia, hysteria, convulsions, cardiac neuroses, angina pectoris, epilepsy, Graves' disease, menopausal disorders, migraines.

St. John's wort.

A perennial herbaceous plant up to 1 m high with erect ribbed stems. The leaves are opposite, fragrant, oblong, with translucent pinpoint glands. The flowers are yellow, numerous, collected in wide paniculate inflorescences. Blooms in April - May.

Application. Russian folk medicine considers St. John's wort to be a herb for ninety-nine diseases. St. John's wort has hemostatic, astringent, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, wound-healing, diuretic and choleretic effects. It is used for women's diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart and bladder, involuntary urination, hemorrhoids, insomnia, irritability, headaches in the form of a decoction, infusion and tincture.

Wild strawberry

Common names: strawberry, polunitsa.

A perennial herbaceous plant with a short rhizome and creeping rooting shoots. The leaves are compound, trifoliate, almost glabrous above, hairy below, which distinguishes wild strawberries from green strawberries (strawberries). The flowers are white, with a subchasm. The fruits are oval, bright crimson, aromatic, with sepals bent downwards, and in green strawberries they are pressed to the fruit. Blooms in May - June.

Application. Fresh strawberry fruits stimulate appetite, have the ability to dissolve and remove liver and kidney stones, regulate basic metabolism in the body, treat and prevent the development of vascular sclerosis, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum, gout. The leaves and rhizomes, from which decoctions and infusions are prepared, have the same properties. In this case, only parts of wild strawberries are used, the healing properties of which are much higher than those of green strawberries.

May lily of the valley.

A perennial herbaceous plant with a thin creeping rhizome. The leaves are bright green, oblong, elliptical. The flower arrow is triangular, ending in a loose one-sided cluster of flowers. The flowers are white, fragrant, spherical-bell-shaped. The fruit is a red-orange berry. Blooms in May - June.

Application. Lily of the valley is a popular folk remedy for treating heart disease. Its infusion and alcohol tincture slow down the heart rate, improve pulse filling, reduce shortness of breath, have a calming effect in case of increased nervousness, relieve convulsions, headache. Used for epilepsy, paralysis, asthma, heart failure, neuroses.

Internal use Lily of the valley preparations require caution. The plant is poisonous.

Burdock

Common names: burdock, burdock, burdock root, burdock, grandfather, burdock.

A biennial herbaceous plant with alternate large leaves, green above and grayish felt below. The flowers are dark purple, collected in spherical baskets with tenacious hooked wrappers. Blooms in June - September.

Application. Burdock has a diuretic, diaphoretic, lactic, and anti-inflammatory effect. An infusion of the roots is used for stomach ulcers, gastric bleeding, gastritis, kidney stones, rheumatism and gout, chronic constipation, delayed menstruation and various skin diseases. Fresh and soaked dry leaves are applied to burns and inflamed seals to soften, an infusion of leaves is used to rinse the mouth.

Coltsfoot

Common names: riverine grass, cassava grass, butterbur, podbel, rannik, water burdock, tumor leaves.

A perennial rhizomatous herbaceous plant with a long creeping rhizome. The stems are straight, unbranched, with small yellow reed flowers collected in baskets. The basal leaves are round, green above, white-tomentose below. Blooms from April to mid-May.

Application. Coltsfoot is used as a remedy that soothes coughs, enhances expectoration, and stimulates the secretion of glands. A decoction of the leaves is drunk for diseases of the respiratory system, stomach and intestines, kidneys and bladder, and for diathesis in children. Externally, a decoction or infusion is used in the form of lotions and compresses for inflammation of the veins, skin, tumors, and ulcers.

Motherwort five-lobed

Common names: dead nettle, heart grass, dog nettle, heart grass.

A perennial herbaceous plant with a woody rhizome and a tetrahedral, erect, pubescent, branched stem. Leaves are opposite, petiolate, tripartite. The flowers are pink, small, collected in whorls in the axils of the upper leaves. The fruits are triangular nuts. Blooms in June - August.

Application. In Russian folk medicine, motherwort has long been used as a remedy against “heartbeat” and “heaviness of the stomach.” Infusion and tincture from the herb slow down the heart rate, lower blood pressure, have a calming effect on nervous system(3-4 times stronger than valerian). A decoction of the roots is drunk as a hemostatic agent and used for Graves' disease and epilepsy, neurasthenia, hysteria and shortness of breath.

Tansy

Common names: wild rowan, field rowan, helminthic, gourd, yellow nine-leaved, mother plant, wild tansy, humpback.

A perennial rhizomatous plant with an erect branched stem. The leaves are alternate, pinnately dissected, dark green above, grayish-green below with dotted glands. Flowers in baskets are orange-yellow in color, collected in dense apical shields. Blooms in June - August.

Application. A water infusion from flower baskets enhances the function of the gastrointestinal tract, has antipyretic, antispasmodic, anthelmintic, antimicrobial and insecticidal effects. Used for jaundice, gastric and duodenal ulcers, especially with low acidity, for roundworms, pinworms, headaches, to reduce and stop menstruation. Externally, the infusion is used for warm baths and compresses as an anesthetic for gout, rheumatism, and calf muscle cramps.

Common wormwood.

A perennial herbaceous plant up to 150 cm high with a branched stem. The leaves are alternate, pinnately divided, green, glabrous above, whitish tomentose below, light. The flower baskets are small, collected in long dense panicles. Blooms in July.

It grows among bushes, along the banks of reservoirs, on the edges of fields, in meadows.

Application. Wormwood is widely used as a sedative, anticonvulsant and weak hypnotic for epilepsy and neurasthenia. Infusion and decoction speed up menstruation and childbirth, relieve pain, increase appetite, and improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Fresh juice from the leaves promotes wound healing.

After studying medicinal plants, a book was compiled. (Appendix 8)

II. Practical part

2.1. Making fragrant pillows

Residents of our city mainly use medicinal plants as tea or decoction. We decided to expand the use of medicinal plants and make pillows from herbs, and then give them to grandparents. After all, a pillow made of herbs is a healing remedy and an excellent gift.

In the old days, pillows with herbs were in almost every home, and they were treated with great care: they were decorated with embroidery, tied with satin ribbons, and trimmed with lace. Our great-grandmothers collected fragrant herbs and filled the pillows they slept on with them. People have long believed that bags of medicinal plants They bring wealth to the house, protect the home from evil forces, and protect spouses from quarrels and disagreements.

Aromatic compositions can be medicinal - they improve health and normalize sleep, or intended to aromatize the air and create a favorable atmosphere in the house. Some mixtures invigorate and lift your spirits, others relax, encourage rest, and promote sound, healthy sleep.

To fill the sachets, in addition to herbs, they use citrus peels, pieces of bark, pine needles, violet root, clove stars, cinnamon sticks, vanilla pods and other spices. Essential oils and sea salt are also added to herbal pads: they reveal the aromas of dried plants.

To choose the right ingredients for a sachet, you need to know how different herbs affect our health and well-being. Bags designed for good sleep, filled with lemon balm, lavender, rose petals, oregano, chamomile and thyme. Also suitable for the bedroom are verbena, peppermint, myrrh, sage, incense, pine needles, orange flowers, gardenia and jasmine, valerian and geranium.

The aroma of lemon balm drives away melancholy, eliminates headaches and nightmares. Lavender is recommended for depression and insomnia; it calms, drives away evil thoughts, reduces aggression, and helps to relax. Rose petals heal emotional traumas, relieve nervous tension, treat insomnia. Peppermint eliminates nervousness and restores energy balance. Verbena relieves nightmares and gives a woman beauty and charm. Oregano drives away heavy thoughts and treats insomnia. Chamomile calms, gives a feeling of peace, helps with depression, stress, neurosis and insomnia. Myrrh, incense, sage and pine needles cleanse space of negative energy, drive away obsessive thoughts, and relieve fatigue.

It is very important that the proportion of each component in the sachet is odd. Fill the bags with one plant or several at once. There are a lot of recipes for aromatic compositions. (Appendix 2)

Scented pillows are an exquisite piece of furniture, a fashionable accessory in the home and a real amulet that fills your home with the aromas of coniferous forests, green meadows and blooming gardens. This is a piece of nature that lives in the house and gives each of its inhabitants sweet dreams, joy and peace.

The pillow may have different sizes: from normal to tiny. The more aromatic and active the plant (rosemary, sage, hop cones), the smaller the pad should be. Your imagination will tell you the shape: round, square, oval. For the main pillowcase (case or pillowcase), only natural (“breathable”) and thick fabrics(cotton, linen, teak) so that the fillers do not seep through and prick the face and neck. (Appendix 3)

The peculiarity and disadvantage of the aromatic pillow is the rapid caking of herbs. To avoid this, use grasses that hold their shape - sedge, heather, bracken, straw.

Adding these herbs also helps to avoid overdose when you want to have big pillow, and the selected herbs are strong (rosemary, sage, hop cones) and strong-smelling (mint, oregano, elderberry).

2.2. Promoting health with tea using medicinal plants

It is known that teas are not only pleasant in taste and aroma, but also healthy. Medicinal mixtures and teas are mixtures of dried and crushed medicinal plants in a certain ratio. They are composed of two or more plants that are similar in their medicinal effect or enhance this effect.

According to their purpose, they are divided into vitamin, preventive and therapeutic.

Vitamin teas are prepared from food and medicinal plants containing large amounts of vitamins and minerals. A large number of vitamins are found in fruits and leaves of plants. Vitamins are necessary for the body to build enzymatic systems. Insufficient intake of them causes pathological conditions caused by a decrease in the activity of enzymatic systems. These include vitamin deficiencies and hypovitaminosis. Such teas have a pleasant taste and smell, quench thirst well and satisfy the body's need for vitamins and minerals.

Preventive teas from medicinal plants differ in the direction of their effects. For example, tea can be anti-sclerotic, anti-spasmodic, sedative, regulate carbohydrate metabolism, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. They include plants that have a targeted effect on individual organs and systems.

Medicinal teas are distinguished by a high content of biologically active substances. Such teas stimulate metabolism, hematopoiesis, and increase the body's defenses. At home, medicinal tea is usually prepared from one, two or more medicinal plants, strictly following the weight of ingredients and preparation technology specified in the recipe. Use only on the recommendation of the attending physician. Competent, reasonable use of natural remedies will alleviate your condition and help get rid of a long-standing illness. (Appendix 4)

HOW TO PROPERLY PREPARE TEA FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS

The flowers are brewed in a large porcelain teapot with boiling water. Berries must be cooked before brewing; crush fresh ones, crush dry ones. The leaves are poured with boiling water. Finely chop the roots, stems and rough parts of the plants. Then put them in cold water, bring to a boil over low heat and boil for 10 minutes. After brewing, teas from flowers, leaves and berries are infused in a porcelain teapot for 5 - 10 minutes, and teas from roots and stems are infused in enamel containers for 10 - 15 minutes. Properly brewed tea from medicinal plants has unique taste, aroma and color, it preserves all biologically active substances. (Appendix 5)

2.3. Research results

While working on this topic, we learned that in our city many residents use medicinal plants to treat various diseases. We were interested to know the opinion on this issue of both medical specialists and ordinary residents who do not have medical education. Therefore, we turned to the people of our city who use medicinal herbs to treat colds.

Opinion of medical workers. Biryukova Elena Viktorovna, paramedic

From November to March, we interviewed 200 children who were diagnosed with ARVI. Along with synthetic medications, they were treated with folk remedies, in the form of herbal teas. The composition of the collection included herbs: coltsfoot, mint, chamomile, etc.

During treatment, the patients' condition improved. Treatment with medicinal herbs is used not only in the acute period, but also during the recovery period, which improves the body's defenses and increases immunity.

Kretova - Tatyana Anatolyevna Pimanenok, doctor at the central city hospital of the city of Rovenki.

Herbal medicine, i.e. Treatment with medicinal plants nowadays attracts great attention from doctors of various specialties. Synthetic drugs undoubtedly provide a therapeutic effect, but their use often causes side effects: allergic reactions, intolerance phenomena. The advantage of treatment with plants is that they usually do not cause harm. Treatment with herbal preparations is always long-term - at least 2 - 4 weeks, but the result of treatment is always positive.

Opinion of local residents without medical education. Salii Lidia Efimovna

I use medicinal plants, and began to use them especially often after retirement. Medicines are expensive, the pension is small, so I remembered traditional medicine. And since I live in a private sector and there is a ravine not far from me, I can even collect medicinal herbs myself. I really like to drink tea with mint, oregano and other herbs after a bath, I gain more strength and feel much better.

Serdyuchenko Galina Aleksandrovna

My mother also told me that there is nothing better than nature. It was she who introduced me to many medicinal plants and their uses. For example, I wash my hair with a decoction of chamomile, and I take an infusion of hawthorn when I suffer from insomnia. I try to pass on all my knowledge to my children.

The results of a survey among residents of Rovenki showed that many people know about medicinal properties plants. (Annex 1)

Most of the respondents buy medicinal herbs in pharmacies, because this is a more reliable way, but there are also those who like to collect herbs with the whole family.

The most common medicinal plants used by residents are: chamomile, nettle, mint, lemon balm, coltsfoot.

Knowing the medicinal properties of herbs, people more often use decoction and tea. But herbal pillows are rare, so we think our scented pillows make a very good gift.

III . conclusions

As a result of our research, we found out that a lot of medicinal plants grow in the vicinity of our city.

In our work, we focused specifically only on the most popular types of medicinal plants.

From books and from conversations with residents, we learned about the preparation of infusions and the pharmacological properties of medicinal plants

From conversations with medical workers, we realized that traditional medicine recipes are also widely used in modern medicine. According to medical professionals, the use folk remedies very effective, although a longer treatment period is required. The use of medicinal herbs improves the body's defenses and increases overall immunity. (Appendix 6)

Taking into account all the benefits of medicinal herbs, we made fragrant pillows that will delight not only with their appearance, but also have a beneficial effect on the human body, helping to cope with insomnia, stress, fatigue, irritability, and can also be successfully used for the prevention of respiratory and viral diseases

We held a tea party using medicinal plants, and at the end of our research we held an “Ecological Matinee” (Appendix 7)

IV. Conclusion

Nature is a source of health and danger for humans. The choice of medicines in the “green pharmacy” is rich and varied, but you need to be careful: poisoning with medicinal plants is possible if you self-medicate. You should contact a “green pharmacy,” just like a regular one, if you have an established diagnosis of the disease and with a doctor’s prescription.

We believe that propaganda about the effectiveness of the use of medicinal herbs for the treatment of various diseases must be carried out among the population, using all means (conversations, lectures, stand design) in order to develop in people a positive attitude towards the use of medicinal herbs.

It is necessary to familiarize people with the rules for procurement, storage of medicinal raw materials and preparation of medicinal infusions.

“There is nothing on earth that is not considered a medicine,” states one of the provisions of Tibetan medicine. We live in a world of drugs. The flora of our country is very rich, and almost all of its representatives have medicinal properties. However, in conditions of environmental distress, taking care of rational use natural resources of medicinal flora in the fight for health and active longevity of people.

nailya gribanova
Summary of GCD in the senior group “Plants are healers of the native land”

Summary of GCD in the senior group

Subject: « Plants are healers of our native land»

Tasks: create conditions for consolidating children’s knowledge about flora of the native land

Target:.

Strive to instill in children a feeling of gratitude that the world is beautiful.

Learn to use flora wisely.

Show that you can get rid of many diseases with the help of nature.

Develop Creative skills children, imagination, speech, attention, memory.

Cultivate a caring attitude towards native nature.

Material: Map of Khakassia, illustrations of trees in different times year, postcards with the image medicinal herbs.

Preliminary work:

Conversation about medicinal herbs, reading stories about trees, memorizing poems, looking at wood products.

GCD move:

My country is wide dear

There are many forests, fields and rivers in it

I don't know any other country like this

Where a person breathes so freely.

Today we will talk to you about native land. Our region is rich in fields, meadows, lakes, rivers, and forests. Let's remember. What trees grow with us?

Ball game "Name the tree"

For many people, the symbol of Russia is the white birch. The beautiful birch can be found in the forest, in the field, on our site, it decorates city parks. There are no such birches and birch groves anywhere in the world. It's nice to walk in a birch grove at any time of the year. Birch is the favorite tree of the people; not one tree has so many poems written about it.

White birch I love Russian birch

Under my window, sometimes bright, sometimes sad,

Covered with snow, in a green sundress

Exactly silver with handkerchiefs in pockets

And there is a birch tree with beautiful clasps,

In sleepy silence With green earrings.

And the snowflakes are burning, I love her, elegant,

In golden fire. Native, beloved

Then clear, ebullient,

Then sad, crying.

Didactic exercise: “Tell me which birch tree”(white-trunked, slender, curly, crystal, fairy-tale, weeping, elegant.)

Why is birch called "Doctor"? (prepared from birch buds medicines, a birch broom drives out illness, the juice is healthy and tasty.)

Examination of wood products.

A game "Stand by the tree".

And now we will go with you to the meadow to see what kind of grass there is grow. Why are these herbs called "Green Pharmacy"?

Examination of herbs and children's stories about the benefits of each herb.

Nettle is medicinal plant. She growing in the garden, in the garden, in the forest. Nettle leaves are used to make soup and salad. Nettle stops blood and cleanses it. Nettle leaves draw out pus. If you mash the nettle and apply it to the wound, it will heal quickly. Nettle contains many vitamins. Nettles are brewed, the hair is washed so that it is good hair. Shampoo is made from nettles and added to toothpaste.

From nettle leaves

Delicious salads.

You just need to add to them

Onions, garlic, tomatoes.

And in nettle salad

Lots of vitamin "WITH"

Those we serve

Changes in face.

Chamomile is medicinal plant. She grows everywhere - in the garden, garden, on the field. It is brewed and drunk for colds. If your eyes hurt "fester", then brew chamomile and wash your eyes. Wash your hair with a decoction of chamomile to make it thick and not fall out.

White daisies scattered

Through the meadows, among the tall grasses,

As if someone had scattered papers,

Drawing suns on them

A ringing bell invites

Gather them into a field bouquet,

But daisies are cunning girls

They just smile back.

Dandelion - medicinal plant, He grows everywhere, all around Russia. They make salad from it and make jam. Dandelion infusion is drunk for stomach pain. Dandelion juice removes warts.

Mother stepmother is medicinal plant. Stepmom's mother first flowers grow. The stems of the flowers are covered with fluff, which protect them from the cold at night and from the sun during the day. Then the leaves appear, the upper side of the leaves is smooth, shiny, and the lower side is all fluffy, soft. If you apply the top side of the leaf to your cheek, the leaf is cold - this is the stepmother, and if the bottom side of the leaf is warm - this is the mother. Mother-stepmother is brewed and drunk for coughs and colds.

A flower peeked out

In the twilight of the forest

Little Scout

Sent in the spring

Let it still be above the forest

Snow rules

Let them lie under the snow

Sleepy meadows,

Let on the sleeping river

Fixed ice -

Once a scout came

And spring will come.

Plantain is medicinal plant. Where people go, there is a plantain growing. He is also called a travel companion, because he is always with people along the way. Plantain stops bleeding. If a bee stings, and apply a plantain leaf, the pain will go away. They make a decoction and drink it for coughs and treat the stomach.

There are many colors

Beautiful. Cautious

But I enjoy it the most

Common plantain

Perhaps he

And more difficult grow,

And yet he is with people

On the way!

A game “What does this sign mean?” (children’s behavior in the forest, what can and cannot be done in the forest.)

Many plants are listed in the Red Book and we must treat them with care.

Publications on the topic:

“Crafts of the native land” Synopsis of OOD on local history in the preparatory group Goals: To introduce children to traditional folk crafts of their native land; Teach children how to make a folk rag doll. Tasks:.

Summary of the integrated lesson “Medicinal plants of the Krasnodar region” in the senior group Objectives: Educational: - expand and enrich children’s vocabulary with new words, names, teach them to use them in speech - expand knowledge.

Summary of educational activities for familiarization with the outside world in the preparatory group “Take care of the nature of your native land!” Objectives: Educational: 1. Give an idea that nature is our common home. To consolidate ideas about the diversity of native nature.

Abstract of the NOD “Poets of the Native Land”“Poets of the native city” Goal: Fostering love for the native land and nature based on the poetry of local poets. Objectives: 1. To develop interest in children.

Educational area: Cognitive development. Type of activity: Research of living and inanimate nature. Age group: Senior.

Notes on speech development in the senior group for the regional component, compiling the story “Autumn colors of the native land” Model of educational activity: Speech - speech development (09/05/2016) Educator: Kesyan N. S. Topic: “Composing the story “Autumn.

Lesson “Plants of the native land”

Goals:

generalization and systematization of students’ knowledge about the diversity of plants;

repetition of distinctive features of different groups of plants;

expanding knowledge about plants of the Kemerovo region;

developing an idea of ​​the value of the plant world for humans;

nurturing a caring attitude and love for the nature of one’s region;

development of attention, thinking, cognitive interest and speech of students, development of the ability to compare, analyze, generalize.
Equipment:

computer;

presentation for the lesson “Plants of the native land”;

Plants of the Kemerovo region.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II. Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Guess the riddle: It breathes, grows, but cannot walk.

What is this? (Plant).

What do you think the lesson will be about? (About plants.) - So, the topic of our lesson: “Plants of our native land.” We will remember known facts, learn new ones, learn about the plants of the Kemerovo region listed in the Red Book, and perform interesting exercises.

III. Generalization about plants. 1) Groups of plants. - First we need to remember what we already know. Tell me, what groups are all plants divided into? - Plants are divided into three groups: trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants.

Let's remember the distinctive features of different groups of plants. Describe the tree.

2) Trees. - A tree is a plant with one well-developed lignified stem - a trunk; branches begin at some distance from the ground and form a crown.

In the forest-steppe zone of the Kemerovo region there are forests consisting of birch, aspen, and other trees.

This deciduous trees, leaf shape – wide plate.

Having guessed the next riddle, you will find out what other trees grow in our area. What's in the same shirt in summer and winter? (Fur tree, pine tree).

What kind of trees are these?

Coniferous trees, leaf shape - needles.

What other representatives coniferous plants You know? (Fir, larch, cedar.).

Right. They only grow in taiga forests. - Do you think trees are needed in our city? Why?

We cannot do without trees in the city, because they not only give us oxygen, but also protect our homes from dust and harmful substances, taking all this into their foliage.

Right. Look how many kilograms of dust per year the trees planted under the window absorb onto their crowns.

Oak – 54kg per year.

Maple - 33 kg per year.

Pine – 35 kg per year.

Spruce – 32kg per year.

3) Game “Guess the trees.” -Now guess the riddles and name the trees

She dropped her curls into the river and became sad about something. (Willow.)

Sticky buds, green leaves, with white bark, standing under the mountain. (Birch.)

In the middle of summer there is a snowstorm: its fluff flies and spreads. (Poplar.)

Which of these trees is often called the symbol of Russia?

Birch.

Why? (Children's answers.)

4) Shrubs.

Now let's remember which group of plants lilac belongs to?

Lilac is a shrub.

Describe the shrub.

A shrub is a plant with several small woody stems, with branches starting immediately from the ground.

Name the shrubs you know. (Rose hips, elderberry, lilac...)

5) Herbaceous plants.

To which group of plants can chamomile be classified? (Chamomile is a herbaceous plant.) Describe herbaceous plants. How are they different from trees and shrubs?

Herbaceous plants have a soft green stem with leaves and flowers. They are almost always lower than trees and bushes. The exception is the banana, which has a height of 7 meters.

Name herbaceous plants. (Children's answers.)

In the meadows, along the roads, on the slopes of the ravines of our region you can see wheatgrass, wormwood, timothy, and feather grass.

6) The plant is a decoration of the earth.

They say: “A plant is the decoration of the earth.” How do you understand the meaning of this saying? (Children’s answers).

Green plants decorate cities, towns and homes. It is impossible to imagine either city streets or ancient palace ensembles without flowers and trees. Both on weekdays and on holidays, plants are next to us.

7) Game “Guess the flowers.” - Yes, flowers delight us with their beauty and aroma. But the trouble is, the letters in the words are mixed up, think and guess the names of the flowers.

AKM (POPPY), LPTUAN (TULIP), RCINASS (NARCISSUS), ONPI (PEONY)

III. Acquaintance with the plants of the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

The role of plants in human life is significant. He uses them both as food and as construction material. Plants decorate human life. And we must take care of nature to keep it healthy. “To protect nature means to protect the Motherland.” Every person should remember these words.

Many plant species are beginning to disappear from our planet. To prevent this from happening, people started thinking about preserving endangered and rare species. For this purpose, the Red Book is maintained. The Red Book is a special book. She warns: “Caution! Trouble might happen!”

And indeed it is. If we do not protect plants included in the Red Book, they will die. The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region contains information about plants in need of urgent help and protection. Some plants suffer from trampling. A lot of troubles flora brings an immoderate collection of medicinal raw materials, when everything is plucked to the last flower. Some herbs disappear due to the fault of amateur gardeners. They dig up plants from the forest and try to grow them in their gardens. Most of the dug up plants do not take root and die. The person who picked the flower probably doesn’t think that he may have destroyed another plant of an endangered species.

Let's get acquainted with some plants from the Red Book of our region.

The water lily is pure white.

Adonis Spring.

Did you know that during the day the water lily basks on the water? And people admire her, and at night she dives under the water. The water lily squeezes its white petals into its fist and dives headlong. Sleeps all night in the depths. It will be a clear morning and she will emerge from the water again. The water lily will again open its petals towards the sun and begin to delight everyone.

VII. Lesson summary.

Did you like the lesson? Continue the sentence by choosing the beginning with the words... “I found out”, “I repeated”, “I was surprised”, “I remembered”.