Most homeowners choose heated floors as an additional device to the radiator circuit. In this case, various installation diagrams for water heated floors are used in a private house. Such a heating system is effective in rooms where children live, as well as in the bathroom. Schemes are selected when individual design at home or while running repair work.
Option for a project plan in a private house
Installation diagrams for water heated floors in a private house: features and varieties
Installation underfloor heating produced using cement screed. It is performed to protect the structure from various loads. Warm pipes should be in contact not with air, but with screed elements, transferring heat to the surface.
Installation diagrams of water heated floors used in a private house are planned and designed in accordance with calculations of heat consumption and heat loss and have the following features:
- The required amount of heat is calculated taking into account the dimensions of wall structures and insulation methods different surfaces. The characteristics of a certain climatic zone are also taken into account.
- Floor elements are not installed under the entire surface of the floor covering. Space remains free for the installation of heavy furniture, as well as indentations from the walls.
- Premises with an area of more than 30 square meters are divided into sectors. Each individual area is heated using a separate circuit connected to the collector.
- The distance between the pipes must be the same.
- This design requires circulation pumps.
- Installation schemes for heated floors depend on the size of the room and heating methods. If the device is used as additional heating, then the loop pitch should be 0.2-0.3 meters, and if as the main one, then the spirals should be mounted at a distance of 0.1-015 m.
- The length of the lines and the placement pitch depend on the diameter of the selected pipe.
- The height of the structure is taken into account when designing window and door openings.
Related article:
Without a competent project get quality system heating is almost impossible. After studying this publication, you can easily calculate the required power, diameter and pitch of pipes. Good luck!
Basic floor mounting patterns include: spiral, snake and zigzag. The choice depends on the specifics of the room, types of pipes and other features. For example, for large rooms, using a simple snake is not entirely correct, since the water in the circuit cools down, “cold” zones will form. While in spiral laying the supply and return pipes alternate, which will ensure more uniform heating.
Helpful information! The diameter of the pipe should be no more than 20 mm. If the section bigger size, then the volume of water and heating costs increase.
Two pipe laying technologies (video)
Construction of a heated floor
System underfloor heating consists of laid pipes in which heated water circulates. They are installed on concrete or wooden surfaces, and cover the top with the selected finishing coating.
The pipes move hot water. Feeding is done using the main one. The air temperature under the floor rises, transferring heat outer surface floor covering. At the same time, the entire room warms up.
Design features depending on the finishing coating material
Nuances of installation
Technology wiring diagrams water heated floors in a private house are determined by the characteristics of a particular heating circuit.
The installation work of the structure has the following distinctive features:
- The base for the equipment is selected taking into account the floor covering.
1 – floor beam; 2 – longitudinal beam; 3 – logs; 4 – mortgages for pipes; 5 – pipe; 6 – finishing coat
- A damper tape is installed around the perimeter of the room. The shock-absorbing element reduces heat loss at the junction of the floor and wall surfaces.
- On concrete plates The system itself is mounted in a screed.
- Waterproofing, reinforcing mesh and a layer of insulation are laid on the base.
- Pipes are mounted to the frame using clamps or steel wire.
For heated floors, special seamless pipes. The circuit is mounted from a solid line. The pipe material must be resistant to corrosion and resistant to high temperatures.
Helpful information! Profile mats made of extruded polystyrene foam. Then the canvases are covered with a layer of waterproofing.
Features of connecting the structure to a heat source
In a floor circuit, most often the average temperature is 35-40 degrees. Water installations in a private house operate using forced mixing of flows. Part of the coolant from reverse flow goes into the supply circuit.
Gas boilers are equipped with special automation. Solid fuel units require a more complex device. They are equipped with circulation pumps and special buffer capacity. In this case, more complex combustion adjustment is used.
The best option for a heated floor system is considered electric boilers. Special automation allows you to maintain the desired temperature without loss of thermal power.
Helpful information! For heating houses small area Direct connection to the electric boiler is used. In cottages with a large area, a special distribution comb is used.
Advantages and disadvantages of schemes
Installation diagrams for water heated floors in a private house have the following advantages compared to others:
The disadvantages include a large number of time to install the system. If leaks appear, you will have to remove most of the floor covering, including the screed.
Designing schemes for heated floors in an apartment
Designing installation diagrams for water heated floors in a private house differs from an apartment project. After installation, you cannot make changes to the radiator layout. Installation of floor structures powered by central heating, is carried out at the construction stage by special organizations.
In apartments, the coolant is supplied through pipes through a separate riser, and not from the riser radiator heating. The water is heated in a special heat exchanger. If the project initially does not contain data on the installation of underfloor heating, then the connection of a new circuit must be approved by the management company.
Helpful information! After agreeing on the project and obtaining permission, a heat exchanger is installed, as well as a circulation pump and a safety group. For multiple circuits, a collector unit is used.
Prices for installation work of heated floors
Installation diagrams for water heated floors made in a private house may have different costs. It will include materials, preparatory and installation work, as well as connecting and testing circuits for strength. Cost of work for square meter varies from 1500 to 3000 rubles. The price is also affected by the type of base and the quality of the equipment.
Helpful advice! It is recommended to purchase ready-made sets of equipment for underfloor heating. Many manufacturers offer a free calculation of the entire system.
The density of the pipeline is determined by the required level of heating of the room. Near the walls and entrance doors more dense installation is performed. In this case, the distance from the highway to the wall should be more than 12 cm. The length of one circuit should not be more than 100 meters. In addition, highway joints are made using metal sleeves. The collector is placed in a special distribution cabinet, for which you need to choose a place in advance.
The quality of installation diagrams determines the complete heating of the room and the creation of a favorable microclimate in the house. Good luck with the renovation!
Do-it-yourself water heated floor (video)
Warm floors are now one of the most commonly used methods of creating heating in a private home, since they can act as independent heating, even in, and will save you from bulky heating systems.
- Water;
- Electric, which, depending on the type of heating element, are divided into:
- film;
- rod;
- cable
By heating method electrical systems are divided into:
- convection;
- infrared.
Creating warm floors in the house significantly reduces heat, since you can turn on each heating circuit separately. Thus, you can simply turn off the heating in unused rooms.
Operating principle of a water floor circuit
In a private house, under the floor it is laid according to a parallel or spiral laying pattern. Water circulates through the tubes, which transfers and evenly distributes heat to the material laid near them. All this heats the floor. The choice of heat transfer material depends on the floor.
Installation plan
Before installing floor heating, you need to draw a plan - a grid on which the entire heating system will be reflected. When drawing on the project plan for laying water pipes and planning the layout of the heating circuit, it is necessary to take into account that:
- there should be a distance of 0.2 - 0.25 m between the pipes and the wall;
- interpipe spacing - 0.35 - 0.5 m;
- the pipe extending from the riser is laid along the window;
- The density of pipes increases near the outer walls and decreases towards the center of the room. For example, the distance between pipes at the door, windows and external walls is 0.15 m, in the rest of the area – 0.3 m;
- in any case, during installation, observe a step of 0.1 m;
- distance from contour to external wall should not be more than 0.15 m;
- The length of heating loops should be no more than 100 m.
Based on the prepared drawing you can calculate required amount pipes Please note that to bring them to the collector you will need approximately another 2 m.
When choosing the hose diameter, consult with heating engineers.
Do not forget that coolants do not need to be placed under furniture. Think about this point in advance.
Materials used for installation
To install a warm water floor you will need:
- insulation material (expanded polystyrene boards, aluminum foil;
- pipe for water heating;
- damper tape;
- dense polyethylene and corrugated pipe;
- reinforcing mesh;
- cement - sand mortar or dry composition of “self-leveling floor”;
- beacons, fasteners, dowels, screws.
How to install a water-type concrete heated floor
Considering complex design this system, it is important that the house has high ceilings, since installing a heated floor will reduce their height by at least 8.5 cm.
Layer-by-layer diagram of a water-based concrete heated floor from bottom to top:
- heat insulator;
- mesh for reinforcement;
- concrete with heating circuit;
- backing made of cardboard, polyethylene or;
- decorative cladding.
Device stages:
Preparation:
- The first thing to do is prepare the surface and level the base. Often in country house use cement-sand screed, checking horizontal level by lighthouses. You can use now common self-leveling mixtures for heated floors.
- After this, we carry out waterproofing work by laying strips of dense polyethylene or aluminum foil.
- We fasten with self-tapping screws around the perimeter of the premises 2 cm above the screed, which will lighten the load during linear deformation.
- We lay a layer of and on the waterproofing agent. For this we use polystyrene foam boards and cork. The thickness of the heat insulator depends on the power of the heating system. Better to use special material for installation of heated floors.
- On top of the heat insulator we lay a reinforcing mounting mesh that secures the pipes with the coolant, and a reinforcing concrete screed.
Installation of heating circuit diagram in the floor
The pipes are attached to the mounting grid with plastic clamps according to the selected pattern. The ideal distance between fasteners is 0.3 - 0.4 m.
Installation of the collector and connection of heating circuits:
- The collector is mounted in a special niche above the floor in the center of the room on the wall. Typical sizes manifold cabinets – 0.6 x 0.4 x 0.12 m.
- We insert the supply pipe from the boiler and the return hose into the niche. We install shut-off valves. We connect the collector and plug its end. You can install a splitter by screwing in a drain valve at one end and an air vent at the other. This way you can turn off heating in unnecessary rooms.
- At the point where they exit the screed, we protect them with special corners or a corrugated tube. We cut the pipe, put on a collapsible fitting and connect it to the manifold with a union nut.
Balancing the collector
The heating circuits of a water floor often have different lengths. Therefore, the coolant must be selected with individual pressure. To do this, remove the protective caps on the manifold and adjust the operating pressure.
Testing heated floors
Before filling, check the system for leaks. This can be done using a compressor and compressed air.
If everything works properly, start filling concrete screed. To do this, the water floor must remain under pressure.
Pouring concrete screed
We lay a concrete, cement-sand screed or self-leveling floor mixture on top of the system, and level it along the beacons using a long rule. The minimum thickness of the screed is 5 cm.
When the mixture has hardened, before covering, check its tightness again.
Anyone can make a heated water floor with their own hands in a private home. home handyman. It will take patience, careful calculations, purchasing materials and missing tools. But in the end you will get a system that allows you to adjust the heating level throughout the entire floor. Let's consider the advantages and disadvantages of the water circuit, rules for selecting materials, installation diagrams, laying and connections.
Advantages and disadvantages of heated floors
Putting aside the complexity of installation, the craftsmen agree that water-heated floors in a private house are one of the most effective systems heating Compared to a radiator system, a water floor is wooden house can provide significant savings on heating costs due to uniform heating over the entire area. Additional advantages:
- Low temperature operating mode. This means that the air in the room will not become too dry and stuffy.
- There is no overheating of the air mass.
- Water floor heating meets environmental safety requirements and sanitary and hygienic standards.
- There is no negative impact on humans, since most of the energy is transferred by thermal radiation.
- The installation of water heated floors in a private house with ceilings of 3 m in height provides savings of up to 30%.
- The installation system is hidden - this simplifies the process interior decoration premises.
- Safety. By installing a heated floor from heating in a private house, the user does not risk getting a short circuit in the electrical circuit, as is the case with electric floors- the entire system consists of pipelines; ordinary water is used as a coolant.
Disadvantages of a water floor:
- Labor intensity of work. Being a system of several layers of material, the structure requires careful preparation and adherence to the installation diagram.
- Risk of leakage. To find a leaking link, you will have to lift the entire installation.
- Involuntary weighting design features buildings. Layering materials in layers increases the weight of floors by 10-15%, so when installing a heated floor with your own hands on the 2nd and above floors, you need to calculate permissible load to the ceiling.
When installing a floor heating system, it is extremely important to provide high-quality insulation of the building. In this case, having made a water heated floor with your own hands, you will not have to supplement the heating with convectors.
Design
Before drawing up a project, you need to make sure that nothing will interfere with the implementation of your plans. What you need to pay attention to:
- Room height. The thickness of the entire heated floor system in a private house from scratch is 10-12 cm.
- Doorways. When raising the floor level, it is important to maintain the height of the opening. You will have to estimate the price of a custom-made door or the possibility of increasing the height of the doorway.
- Window placement/orientation. If they face the windy side, north/west, the system power should be increased.
- Estimate bearing capacity floor beams. The weight of the entire system with concrete screed significantly increases the load.
It is not necessary to give up heating; you can consider the option of a flat (dry) water floor. The system consists of pipelines with a carrier laid on top of a boardwalk. In this case, there is no need to install a screed; it is enough to install it on top of the subfloor wooden frame, the height of which will be equal to the thickness of the insulation. Lay or fill in insulation (mineral wool sheets, expanded clay, sawdust), lay boards on top, and hide coolant pipes in the seams between them. The raised floor can be finished on top.
Scheme development
The scheme is developed taking into account the parameters of the room, technical characteristics equipment and materials. To make the calculation, indicators and data are determined:
- floor area;
- room height;
- material of walls, ceilings;
- type of thermal insulation;
- type of finishing floor covering.
You also need to think about the desired t° mode. For the convenience of calculations, we present a table with indicators of the maximum t° mode for premises for various purposes:
| Room type | t° mode (maximum) |
| Living space and areas where people spend time standing | 21-27⁰ |
| Sedentary rooms, offices | 29⁰ |
| Hallways, corridors, halls | 30⁰ |
| Bathrooms (swimming pools) | 30-33⁰ |
| Premises for active pastime | 17-19⁰ |
| Premises where time of stay is limited | 37⁰ |
| Edge zones of any premises | 35⁰ |
After specifying the parameters, a diagram is drawn up that contains the following data:
- Installation points and dimensions of heating radiators, if any.
- Layout of pipes with dimensions of diameter and length of straight sections.
- The distance between the elements, t° parameters of the carrier in each pipe and the lengths of all circuits.
- Heating power data for each individual room. The power of the radiator is calculated taking into account the location and length of the pipeline connected to it.
Also in the diagram you should indicate data on setting up the automation.
To ensure that the installation of a water floor is successful, when drawing up a diagram, listen to the advice of professionals: The diameter of the pipe affects the maximum length of the layout. For 16 mm pipes - up to 100 m, for 20 mm pipes - no more than 120 m. The parameters are needed to ensure optimal pressure inside the heated floor system. If the installation scheme for a heated water floor includes several contours, it is easier to make them the same length with a maximum difference of 15 m. The pipe laying pitch should not be more than 30 cm in the center and 15 cm at the edges. In regions with harsh winters a pitch of 10 cm is recommended. The location pitch affects the pipe flow rate. The calculation is done as follows: with a step of 10 cm, 10 m of pipe will be required per m² of room area, with a step of 15 cm, the consumption will be 6.7 m/m². When laying the circuit on the diagram, it is necessary to bypass the areas where plumbing fixtures and heavy furniture are installed. One circuit covers a room of no more than 40 m², maximum length sides of the contour up to 8 m. Thus, in the layout of floors in a private house, it is important to take into account:
- pipeline laying pitch limits;
- limits and contour size;
- thermal insulation material in areas of reduced pitch.
The pitch always decreases in the area of the openings, and this must be taken into account in the layout plan.
Carrying out calculations
The standard formula for calculating the length of the circuit: the active heating area (sq. m) is divided by the laying step (m) plus the distance to the collector and the length of the bends. To obtain more accurate calculations, it is better to contact specialists, but this requires an investment of money, so we make a water-heated floor in the house step by step with our own hands.
Advice: “Thermostats are installed to regulate the degree of heating of the coolant. The maximum gradation on devices is 55°.”
Detailed calculation scheme:
- The distance from the walls is from 30 cm.
- The determination of the number of circuits is calculated based on the length of the pipe per circuit. When dividing the area of the room by laying step, add 10% for turns. Formula: L = S/N*1.1. Designation L - pipe length, S - room area, N - laying pitch. Thus, on an area of 40 m², when laying out a pipe with a pitch of 15 cm, the required definition is the sum of the lengths of all contours - 266 m.
- When calculating the length of the circuit to the collector (one end - to the supply device, the other - to the return one), multiply the final figure by 2, and you will get the required length of the pipe from the connection point to the collector.
- Pipeline material: for polyethylene with a diameter of 18 mm, length up to 120 m, metal-plastic - no more than 125 m. Masters do not advise making circuits longer than 90 m in order to ensure optimal hydraulic resistance and load on the coolant.
- With a step of 30 cm, pipes of 3.4 m/m² are required; step of 25 cm - 3 m/m²; at 20 cm - 5 m/m²; at 15 cm - 6.7 m/m²; at 10 cm - 10 m/m².
- If the area is 40 m² or more, the laying scheme is as follows: 3 circuits 100 m long, this makes it easier to ensure equal heating over the entire area.
Advice: “The length of the circuit is measured from the exit point from the collector, and not from the entrance area to the room where the system is installed.”
And now about how to calculate possible heat loss. The formula is complex and requires measurements of the heat transfer of all components and structures of the house, average precipitation, t°, air direction and other things. There are average indicators that the owner of the house can focus on:
- In well-insulated buildings with installed sealed double-glazed windows, heat loss is 40 W/m².
- In non-old houses with an average service life of thermal insulation of walls, windows, doors, the indicator is 70-80 W/m².
- In old-type buildings with wooden windows, without insulation, heat loss reaches 100 W/m² or more.
Advice: "If heat losses buildings larger than 100 W/m², installation of a water-heated floor becomes impractical.”
Selection of components
For making the system warm floors In your DIY home you will need the following set of materials: Boiler. As a rule, a water floor is made from gas boiler. This is economically beneficial and simpler in technology. The power indicator of a gas boiler should exceed the sum of all capacities of the floor system by 15-20%. Another option is electric water floors. Convenient for installation, but unprofitable due to the high cost of electricity. Circulation pump. The device will ensure normal movement of the carrier through the pipes. The boiler already has a pump, but it copes with the load if the house area does not exceed 100 m². Pipes. The choice is:
- copper - durable, long service life, but high cost;
- metal-plastic - durable, bendable, inexpensive and light in weight;
- polypropylene - low price, high maximum heating, but there is a high risk of buying a fake;
- PEX - cross-linked polyethylene pipe - reliable option, if the mount is rigid and the step is minimal.
The calculated cross-section of pipes for do-it-yourself dry water heated floors is considered to be a size of up to 20 mm. Consumption per 1 m² (200 mm increments) is approximately 5-6 m. Insulation. Here the choice is:
- foil polyethylene suitable for minimum thickness gender;
- expanded polystyrene in ready-made mats with protrusions for laying out pipes in increments of 50*50 mm;
- mineral wool - cheap, but impractical due to its ability to absorb moisture from the solution.
Tip: “A layer of insulation over basement a private house is always made thicker. It all depends on the required temperature of the carrier: the higher the indicator, the larger the insulation layer.”
Heat consumption meter. The device is needed for apartment buildings, where a warm water floor is laid. Manifold cabinet. Needed for installation of control elements and connection of pipe circuits with the heat supply main. Reinforcing mesh. The element helps to strengthen the concrete screed after the pipes are laid, but reinforcement may not be used. You will also need components for arranging the screed:
- screed solution (cement, sand, water);
- damper tape 10-15 cm wide;
- fasteners for fixing the pipe.
The number of elements will be determined by a pre-compiled diagram of warm water floors from a gas boiler. If planning work done correctly, there will be no errors. But the diagram itself should be saved so that in the event of a leak, you can quickly remember all the installation and fastening points.
Technology of work execution
To make a water floor, the installation technology provides a step-by-step algorithm of work:
- collector installation;
- preparing the floor with laying out damper tape and insulation;
- contour layout;
- connection with leak testing;
- crimping;
- screed
After finishing preparatory stages the system starts up, then turns off and you can complete the finishing of the floors.
Assembly and installation of the manifold cabinet
When installing a water heated floor, it is extremely important not to skip any stages of work. Step-by-step instruction on heated floors involves a detailed examination of the technology; even a novice master will not have any difficulties. A manifold cabinet is a device that contains:
- collector;
- pump;
- air vent valve;
- drain outlet
The dimensional parameters of the device depend on the overall configuration. When choosing a unit, it is necessary to calculate the installation area - it must be equidistant from all circuits. It is not possible to fulfill the condition; we place the collector next to the longest pipe circuit.
Important! When installing a heated floor system in the area where the collector is installed, it is necessary to provide an area for bending the pipeline. Pipes are laid only from below to ensure normal coolant movement. Installing a shut-off valve between the loop system and the manifold is necessary for preventive maintenance and repair of the structure.
Preparing the base and laying insulation
To make underfloor heating in a private house, you need to carry out preparatory work based:
- clean the base from debris;
- remove height differences, leveling the plane as much as possible;
- lay the selected thermal insulation material;
- waterproofing (thick film) is laid on the thermal insulation;
- along the walls there is a damper tape that will eliminate the effect of thermal expansion of the concrete screed.
An equal thickness of heated floors is necessary for high-quality heating of the entire surface, therefore, the better the plane is leveled, the more evenly the screed layer will lie.
Circuit design in different ways
When thinking about how to make a water-heated floor, you will have to take into account the area of the room. The pipe layout depends on this:
- Snail. A contour of heated floors from the heating boiler of a private house is laid out around the perimeter of the room, going towards the center with a layout across a row. This scheme provides fast reverse stroke coolant and increases the uniformity of heating of the area. Craftsmen prefer “snail” in rooms with complex shape, where it is necessary to shift the center of the pipe and in rooms with an area of 40 m² or more.
- Snake or loops. This installation of pipes for a warm water floor is carried out from the collector along outer wall(one), then in waves with a return. Good layout for small spaces.
- Meander or double snake. Combined scheme calculations implies parallel arrangement contours. This option organizes the movement of coolant at different temperatures, compensating for heat transfer.
Important! The laying of water heated floor pipes always starts from the outer or coldest wall of the room.
To make laying out easier, a beginner should draw markings on the floor. Installation of the system with unreliable connections or pipe sections is not allowed - such a design will not withstand a long heating season.
How to make a heated floor correctly:
- The installation of the floor begins with connection to the supply manifold. You can retreat only 7 cm from the wall, but it is worth considering the small layout step near the outer walls. This is required to reduce heat loss.
- Once the pipe is laid along the entire contour, it must be secured with a clamp. Dowels are suitable if you tie pipes to them with wire. Another option is to lay a reinforcing mesh on the floor, tying a pipe contour to it; this eliminates the expansion of materials when heat is applied.
Advice: “A ribbed polystyrene backing laid under the contours of the system will increase the thermal insulation performance and help you install the heated floor with your own hands evenly, while maintaining the desired pitch.”
Collector connection
It's simple: the free end of the pipe, which remains after laying out the circuit, is connected to the return manifold. To avoid mistakes, you should first read the instructions for the unit.
Crimping
This is the name of the hydraulic testing process necessary to check the quality of the layout. If we are making a heated floor in a private house, then crimping will help to adjust the installation order and other nuances. Pressure testing is the launch of coolant into the system at maximum high pressure. The pressure level must exceed the design minimum by 1.5 - 2 times (from 0.6 MPa). What to look for when crimping:
- Half an hour after start-up, a reduction in the permissible pressure is possible by 10%, no more.
- The second half hour - the indicator should not decrease by more than 2-15% from the original designation.
- The temperature of the carrier must remain unchanged.
The total inspection time is 24 hours. It is better to give the stage up to 2 days to make sure that step by step installation The water heated floor was made correctly with your own hands, the floors warm up evenly and there are no leaks, loose fasteners or other defects.
Screed
The instructions for installing a warm water floor involve using a screed made from a cement-sand mixture, which conducts heat well, or classic concrete. To make concrete, take cement grade from M300, water, sand and 3-5% plasticizer.
The thickness of the screed is 3-7 mm. Need to fill ready solution to circuits filled with coolant. In this case, the system operates in the mode specified during crimp testing. Drying time for concrete is up to 28-30 days, period for ready mixture you need to look at the packaging.
Advice: “If you need to make heated floors in a private house with an area of 40 m² or more, you must provide expansion joints.”
First start
The procedure is carried out only after the screed has dried and gained strength. Now you can turn on the collector and circulate the coolant through the heating pipes of the warm water floor. First, the t° indicator is set to +25°C, then increases every day by 10°C. With a gradual increase in t°, the system gains the required heating parameter in 2 days.
Finishing
Knowing how to make warm floors yourself, it won’t be difficult to decorate them. Warm floors are installed under laminate, carpet, solid wood, or tiles - in a private home, the latter option is the most convenient. But if the installation scheme for tiles remains the same, then installation for laminate requires a special approach:
- The laminate must be High Quality. When heated, the material releases volatile substances; counterfeiting would be inappropriate. It is better to look at the “Warmwasser” marking - this is decor for floors with water-heated floors.
- Thermal insulation and waterproofing materials cannot be laid under the laminate.
- To ensure ventilation, a compensation gap of up to 15 mm wide is left around the perimeter of the laminate laying. Then the gap is covered with a floor plinth.
- Before laying the tiles, you need to spread the laminate on the floor, leaving the water circuit warm. This is necessary to set the temperature - the lamellas will warm up and it will be easier to lay them.
Despite the lack of difficulties, craftsmen rarely make water-based heated floors under laminate. Lamels are characterized by low thermal conductivity; tiles have a higher thermal conductivity; in addition, any dies are made using chemicals. In this case, tiles are much more practical.
Operating rules
Knowing how to professionally install a heated water floor in your home, it will be useful to follow the rules of use. The requirements are simple and accessible:
- Warm floors in a private house, the installation of which is carried out in compliance with the technology, always gain temperature gradually. Starting the circuit at the maximum level after long downtime, the owner will receive a reduction in service life.
- The increase in temperature should be gradual, no more than 4-5⁰C per day.
- The t° mode indicator of the incoming coolant is not higher than 45⁰С.
- Frequent startups and shutdowns of the system are fraught with rapid wear and tear, but do not reduce costs.
To use heating with pleasure and without harm to health, it is recommended to maintain an optimal humidity level.
There are no special difficulties in the design. And knowing how to make a heated floor in a private house, the owner will be able to carry out the installation outdoors, for example on entrance area, stairs, car parking.
Insulating the floor in a private house is not an easy task. If in multi-storey buildings the floors are insulated at the expense of the lower floor, but in a private house the situation is exactly the opposite. Comes from the earth cold air, which makes the task of owners of private houses much more difficult. Therefore, owners of private houses pay Special attention the issue of floor insulation in your home.
Of course, modern technologies solved this problem, and in more ways than one. Exist three types of floor insulation in private houses:
- insulated screed;
- insulated wooden flooring;
- various floor heating systems.
The simplest and cheap way to make a floor is to fill its surface with screed. A mixture of sand and cement is much cheaper than other building materials, but this type of floor has the biggest drawback - the cold emanates from it. In winter, it is absolutely impossible to walk on a concrete screed without slippers. But today modern technologies have solved this problem. Insulation is placed under the screed layer, which, although a little, solves this problem. As insulation materials Expanded clay, granulated slag and foam are suitable. Modern craftsmen generally give preference to foam plastic.
The cross-sectional structure of our concrete screed will resemble a pie that has several layers. First, foam plastic is laid on the floor surface for insulation, and then the screed is poured. The process of pouring a concrete screed occurs in about five steps:
- The first stage is surface waterproofing. It is best to lay special waterproofing materials on the ground to prevent the appearance of mold and various fungi. For this task, a material such as dense polyethylene film, which is laid directly on the soil surface. But it is best to use a special waterproof barrier, which is made of bitumen mastic;
- The second stage is gluing porous material made of foam vinyl along the entire perimeter along the walls at a height of up to 15 cm. This material ensures the plasticity of the foam during temperature changes and protects it from cracking;
- The third stage is the laying of the foam itself. The foams should lie tightly to each other. If concrete mortar falls into the resulting cracks, then cold can penetrate from there, which makes our work completely useless. Therefore, the cracks that appear are filled with polyurethane foam;
- The fourth stage is the reinforcement of the screed. A concrete screed without foam reinforcement will not last even one year. A few months are enough for the concrete screed to begin to crack, and not even one year will pass before it simply falls apart. Therefore, reinforcement can be said to be a prerequisite;
- The fifth stage is the screed itself. After the reinforcement stage, the concrete solution itself is poured. The thickness of the concrete screed must exceed 50 mm. The concrete solution must be stronger than required, that is, the usual ratio of 1:4 is not suitable, it is better to use a ratio of 1:3. Also, to avoid cracking of the screed, plasticizers are added to the concrete solution.
The process of insulating a concrete screed goes something like this. Although concrete screed is the cheapest and most affordable type of flooring, it is not enough to make your home cozy and comfortable. To do this, they also resort to various heating systems.
Heating system for concrete floors in a private house
There are many options for underfloor heating in a private home. There are mainly three types of heating:
- electric;
- infrared;
- water.
Best suited for heating concrete screed water heated floor. This system is quite easy to use, so you can do it yourself. But the calculation and design of such a system is best left to professionals. If you think about such a system before the smallest details and don’t skimp on building materials, it can last for decades.
The advantages of this system are more than enough, the first of which is absolute energy savings due to connecting the system to central heating. Not only do you have a warm floor that you can walk on barefoot, but you also have a heating system that is safe to use. Secondly, installation and installation of a water heated floor does not require much labor or expense, so it is also possible to install such a system yourself.
How does a warm water floor system work?
The main elements of a water heated floor are polymer pipes , in which hot water circulates. The system is connected to central heating or to individual boiler rooms, which is heated by liquid or solid fuel.
The temperature in the pipes is regulated by a thermostat, which is connected to the pipes. Thermostats are installed on the walls, and it is enough to set the desired temperature for the system to work. Automatic thermostats are the most convenient to use. Having reached the set temperature, the system automatically cools down.
Installation of a water heated floor occurs in three stages.
Firstly, the soil itself is prepared in which the pipes will be laid. The entire perimeter is cleared of construction waste, all differences and slopes are equalized.
Secondly , substrates are placed under the pipes. This will help direct the heat upward and distribute it evenly throughout the room. Perfect for this task thermal insulation boards, which also play the role of pipe clamps.
Thirdly, the concrete screed itself is poured. The thickness of the poured screed must be at least 3 cm.
One of the disadvantages of water heated floors is that it is categorically incompatible with wood. This system is effective only if your room is filled with concrete screed.
Wooden floor heating system in a private house
No heating required for wooden floors special effort, since wood is warm material, not requiring additional heating. The only thing that can be done is enhance its effectiveness due to additional systems heating But by laying insulation, we can deprive our floor of normal ventilation, which is why wood material deformed. Therefore, you need to calculate the waterproofing system and the more carefully you think through everything, the better.
To insulate a wooden floor, it is enough to lay mineral insulation under the flooring. It is not recommended to use polystyrene foam, as it does not allow air to pass through. And as a result, it is disrupted natural ventilation premises. All that can be done in this case is leave space between wooden flooring and insulation. A space of 50 mm will be sufficient so that natural ventilation is not disturbed.
Conclusion
Finally, we can say that making warm floors in a private house is not such a big deal. difficult task. With a responsible approach to business and careful design of the system, all the work can be done independently. But in modern houses The floor heating system has already been designed and its lucky owners do not think about this problem.
As an additional or main source of heating for a private home, water-heated floors are often used to effectively warm the building. However, there are some features associated with the installation of the heating circuit and the subsequent operation of the system.
The installation of a water heated floor in a private house has both its positive and negative sides which are important to consider.
Is it possible to heat a country house with a water floor?
Water floor heating in a private house can be used as the main or additional source heating. A special feature of the system is heating the room from bottom to top. This method is the most effective, as it allows you to achieve the complete absence of cold, unheated zones.
The advantage of water floors also lies in the fact that the room is heated faster and with less energy consumption.
There are certain restrictions associated with the use of heated floors. So, for example, the maximum heating intensity depends on the selected floor covering.
Laminate and parquet boards can be heated to a temperature of 30°C, after which the material begins to emit harmful and toxic fumes. It would be optimal to install heating systems in country houses using as a finishing coating ceramic tiles. Ceramics are resistant to temperature changes, heat up well and retain heat on the surface for a long time.
For automatic control there is a collector between the floors. The mixing unit allows you to turn on the heating system in the absence of the owners, as well as control the degree and intensity of heating of the room.
How to make a water floor correctly
The design of the system is so simple that it is possible to lay water floors in a private house with your own hands. At the same time, it is extremely important to observe certain nuances associated with the phased installation and operation of heating.The work is performed in the following order:
- In production rough foundation
– if you plan to lay it on the ground, first apply the powder using sand and crushed stone, compacting them using a vibrating plate. After laying the waterproofing, a rough reinforced screed is poured.
The installation of water floor heating in a private house cannot be carried out without the use waterproofing material. For this purpose, weldable materials or mastics are used. Bitumen material along the joints they are treated with a construction hairdryer or blowtorch. A vapor barrier must be placed on top of the screed. - Insulation - the efficiency of heating a private house with water-heated floors largely depends on a high-quality thermal insulation layer. Thus, a screen is created that reduces heat losses and prevents pipes from defrosting. You can use extruded polystyrene or foam. Mineral insulation in this case are ineffective.
- Pipeline laying– a scheme for laying a water-heated floor in a private house is being worked out in advance. You can make a plan yourself or turn to professionals. When calculating heating, the number of heating zones, the length of each water circuit and the type of piping are taken into account.
Self-installation of warm water floors in a private house is carried out as follows. A reinforcing mesh is laid, the pipe is laid out over it and secured with clamps. If a polystyrene system is used, then the pipeline is laid in special grooves located in the mats, or in openings located on heat-reflecting plates.
- Pouring the finished floor– laying a heated water floor in a country house with your own hands is nearing completion. At this stage, it is extremely important to make the most even base possible. Beacons are displayed. A plasticizer and additives are added to the solution to strengthen the concrete.
Ordinary cement composition use is strictly prohibited. If a polystyrene system is used, plywood or gypsum fiber board is laid on top. - Circuits are being connected– initially attached, water circuits are connected to it. When installing, please observe following rules installation The coolant supply to the radiators is connected to the lower outlet of the collector, the return to the upper. Water circuits are connected in reverse, supply at the top, return at the bottom. Using the collector, the floor temperature is controlled and the intensity of the coolant supply is controlled.
- Laying the finishing coating– a warm water floor in a dacha is lined with any of the recommended finishing materials: , parquet board, linoleum. IN Lately Self-leveling floors are also popular.
- The first start - heating the cottage with water-heated floors can be carried out no earlier than 28 days after pouring the screed. Before starting the system for the first time, maintenance of the circuits is required: filling with water and.
The installation technology is largely influenced by the chosen method of laying floors. The polystyrene system is more expensive, but installation takes less time. Installation using a concrete screed requires less cost, but from the start of repair work to commissioning it can take about 1.5 months.
What is the best way to connect the floor heating system (coolant heating source)
According to the operating instructions, the optimal temperature for continuous operation of floor heating is the temperature range from 25-30°C.The water in the radiator-type heating system heats up to 60 -70°C. Accordingly, simply connecting the heating of the cottage using warm water floors directly from the boiler is possible, but not effective. It is enough to simply try holding your hand under running hot water at a temperature of 60°C. It will simply be impossible to walk barefoot on a floor with such heating intensity.
Therefore, the design of a heating system using water floors includes the ability to connect to the following heating sources:
- Boiler with a designated circuit for heated floors.
- The boiler is connected to a mixing unit.
- Indirect heating boiler.
- Instantaneous water heater.
When connecting, it is important to strictly adhere to the installation instructions provided by the manufacturer. Often the documentation provides recommendations regarding connection methods.
Pros and cons of using water floors
Like any heating system, heated floors have their advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include:- No radiators required– water heating of floors in a private house can fully meet the heat demand for a residential building. With sufficient thermal insulation of a frame dacha or any country house, energy costs are even lower than traditional heating using radiators.
- System automation– the operating principle of a water heated floor allows the use of programmers and control units that allow you to control the operation of the system remotely.
- No need to obtain additional permits.
- Cost - compared to a heating system using radiators, water floor heating for suburban construction will cost a little more. So on preliminary calculations per 1 m², to carry out all repairs and finishing works you will need approximately 1000 rubles, including the cost of work.
- Versatility– possible various options water floor designs that take into account all the structural features of the house. Additionally, it can be noted that not only the traditional coolant (water), but also special antifreeze can be used.
